hat are the factors that affect the color and colorfastness

of dyes. (chromophore, auxochrome, mordant)?

i am doing a chemistry project and have to show how chem is used in art.
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Best Answer: The two main factors for dyes are lightfastness and washfastness. Paintings are less apt
to be washed than most textiles, so lightfastness is more important in most art than washfastness. See
"Lightfastness of Different Types of Dyes", in the link below.
Washfastness is largely determined by dye type, as some classes of dyes are inherently far more
washfast than others; for example, fiber reactive dyes are far more washfast on cotton than direct dyes,
and metal complex acid dyes are far more washfast on silk and wool than acid leveling dyes. This is
determined by the ways in which dyes in a given class bond to the fiber they are used on. Washfastness
is not an issue for paintings made with pigments in a binder, such as oil paint or artists' acrylics; it is
considered important only for dyes, since they bond directly to the fiber. Dyes tend to fade much more in
the light than pigments do.
Many people assume, because visible light is mostly harmless to human skin, and ultraviolet light is
damaging to the skin, that light-induced fading of textiles and paintings is caused by ultraviolet light, but
this is very often incorrect. It is in very many cases the visible portion of the spectrum that causes light induced fading, in which case ultraviolet-blocking filters or surface treatments are no help at all.
Some problems with lightfastness occur when the energy absorbed by a pigment or dye, due to its color,
is used to change the pigment or dye chemically. This is often due to the photodynamic effect, in which
the combination of light and atmospheric oxygen produces degradation of either the dye or pigment, or
whatever it is in contact with.
Source(s):Lightfastness of Different Types of Dyes:
http://www.pburch.net/dyeing/FAQ/lightfa...
What kinds of chemical bonds attach dyes to fibers?:
http://www.pburch.net/dyeing/FAQ/bonding...
About different types of dye for different textile fibers:
http://www.pburch.net/dyeing/aboutdyes.s...
DNA Damage and Cell Lethality by Photodynamically Produced Oxygen Radicals (PhD dissertation):
http://www.pburch.net/thesis/
"Preventing UV-Light damage of light sensitive materials using a highly protective UV-absorbing coating."
July 2007. Chemical Society Reviews, volume 36, number 8, pages 1270-1281. Marcos Zayat, Pilar
Garcia-Parejo, and David Levy.
Paula B 7 years ago

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What are the factors that affect the color and colorfastness of dyes.
(chromophore, auxochrome, mordant)?

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Color Fastness to light

Nowadays the criteria of light fastness is a major concern amongst the dyers.
The stringent requirement of light fastness is getting more and more importance in the European as
well as in the American market. It is very much essential to understand the different test methods,
grading and factors affecting light fastness.
Generally it is difficult to achieve good grade of light fastness in light, medium, tricky shades viz.,
khaki, olive, grey, browns etc. A proper combination always helps to arrive at the customer
requirement.
Generally two methods of testing are widely accepted by most of the customers.
They are:
American Test Method (AATCC 16E)
British Test Method (ISO 105/BO2)

Some more points that affect the fastness of a printed fabric:

The fastness to light of a print is not governed solely by the colorant. It is also very dependent on the
colorant concentration, the thickness of the layer and the binder; other factors such as the spectral
composition of the incident light and the atmospheric humidity also play a role. Consequently, it is
very difficult to exactly quantify fastness to light. The values are merely given as a guide to
formulators in carrying out their own tests.
AMERICAN TEST METHOD (AATCC 16E)
This is an accelerated test method for testing of light fastness. There are different options in this
method which are A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J. These options differ from each other on the basis of light
source, panel temperature and humidity. Generally AATCC 16E method is widely used for testing
purpose. In this method a test specimen is exposed under the condition specified in various test
methods for 20hours, 40 hours or 60 hours and the factors affecting light fastness.
Generally for garment sector the assessment of light fastness is done after 20AFU where as in the
case of furnishing fabrics, car upholstery the grading is assessed after 40-60 AFU.
Grading:
Grading of light fastness in this method is given on the basis of grey scale with rating of 1-5. One
being poor and the five being the best.
Rating 3 is normally acceptable for most of the requirements.

BRITISH TEST METHOD (ISO 105/BO2)

The light fastness of dyed fabric is evaluated by exposing the fabric samples to xenon ARC. Even
though the light sources are same, other conditions are different.
Grading:
The fastness to light is tested in accordance with DIN 16525. The degree of fading is assessed by
comparison with the blue scale for wool (DIN EN ISO 105-B01). The fastness to light ratings are as
follows:
Rating Property
1 very poor
2 poor
3 moderate
4 fairly good
5 good
6 very good
7 excellent
8 outstanding
There is no direct relation between the ratings of both the above methods. AATCC 16E method
(20AFU) is a quick method, while ISO 105/BO2 method takes much longer time where light fastness
ratings are high.

Factors affecting the light fastness:

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Other than the factors shown above, the treatment of formaldehyde based cationic dye fixing agent
tends to lower the light fastness considerably.
Light fastness lowers by half to one rating when dyes are used in combination as compared to rating
of individual component for a given depth.
Generally, dyes based on metal complex tends to have better light fastness.