Sheet #1 Solution

P.1 :
A PCM system uses a uniform quantizer followed by a 7-bit binary encoder. The bit rate
of the system is equal to 50 106 bps. What is the maximum message bandwidth for
which the system operates satisfactorily?
Solution:
Rb = * fs
fm

1
2

fs

fs =

5010

( fm )max =

= 7.14 106 sample/sec

7.1410 6
2

= 3.57 106 Hz = 3.57 MHz.

P.2:
Figure P.2 below shows a PCM signal in which the amplitude levels of +1 volt and -1
volt are used to represent binary symbols 1 and 0, respectively. The code word used
consists of three bits. Fin the sampled version of an analog signal from which this PCM
signal is derived.

Solution:
The transmitted code words are :
t/Tb

Code

1
2
3
4
5
6

001
010
011
100
101
110

The sampled analog signal is:

1/5
By: a.kassim

P.3:
Given the signal m(t) = 10 cos 2000t cos 8000t , what is the minimum sampling rate?
Solution:
m(t) = 10 cos 2000t cos 8000t
fm1 = 5000 Hz ,

m(t) = 5(cos 10000t + cos6000t )

fm2 = 3000 Hz

fs = 2 fm1 = 2 5000 = 10000 samples/sec.

P.4:
A binary channel with bit rate 36000 bps is available for PCM voice transmission. Find
appropriate values of the sampling rate fs , the quantization level , and the binary digits ,
assuming fm = 3.2 kHz.
Solution:
fs = 2 fm = 2 3.2 103 = 6.4 103 = 6400 samples/sec.
Rb = fs =

b 36000
=
s 6400

= 5.6 6 bits/sample.

L = 2 = 26 = 64 levels.

2/5
By: a.kassim

P.5:
In the compact disl (CD) digital audio system, an analog signal is digitized so that the
ratio of the peak-signal power to the peak-quantization noise power is at least 96dB. The
sampling rate is 44.1 kilo samples/s. Find the number of quantization levels needed and
the number of bits per sample. Find also the data rate.
Solution:
2 2

q/peak

/4
2/4

= L2

96 dB = 10 log10 L2

96/10

L2 = 10

= 3.98 109 levels

= log2 L = 16 bits/sample.
Rb = fs = 16 44.1 103 = 705.6 kbps.

P.6:
Given the time function S(t) = 2 cos 4t . The signal is naturally sampled at 4 samples
per second chosen at t= 0, 2/8, 4/8, and 6/8. The signal is to be transmitted using 4-bit
Bipolar RZ PCM system. Sketch the PAM signal and the M-ary waveforms for 1 second
when M=2 and M=8.
Solution:

M=2
= 4 bits/sample.

L = 2 = 24 = 16 levels.

3/5
By: a.kassim

1111

0000
PAM Signal

Bit Stream is :

M-ary Waveform , M = 2

4/5
By: a.kassim

 L = 2 = 23 = 8 levels.

At M = 8 = 3 bits/sample.

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

M-ary Waveform , M = 8

5/5
By: a.kassim