Agric. sci. dev., Vol(3), No (12), December, 2014. pp.

390-393

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Agriculture Science Developments

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ISSN:
2306-7527
Copyright 2014. All rights reserved for TI Journals.

Assessing the Quality of Polianthes tuberose L. with using Preservative

Solutions under Greenhouse Condition
Maliheh Noghani*
Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Ahmad Asgharzadeh
Department of Horticulture, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

Mohammad Javad Shakouri

Young Researchers and Elites Club, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
*Corresponding author: m.j.shakori62@gmail.com

Keywords

Abstract

Ammonium sulphate
Cobalt chloride
Polianthes tuberose L.
Preservative solutions
Quality

Polianthes tuberose L. is one of important cut shoot flowers in Iran and whole of world. Notwithstanding this
flower has high potential after harvesting but, it is wilting very soon in houses. One of important new methods
to improve quality and quantity of cut shoot flowers is use the preservative solution of flower. For this purpose,
a randomized block experiment design with three treatments, four concentration and three replicates was
established for increasing quality of Polianthes tuberose L. in the greenhouse under uncontrolled
environmental conditions. Three preservative solutions of Cobalt chloride, 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate and
ammonium sulphate with saccharose 5% were used. In this study, most amount of dry matter was in treatment
of interaction effect of Cobalt chloride (800 ppm) with 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate (0 ppm) and ammonium
sulphate (0.2%). Also, most amount of measured brix was in treatment of interaction effect of Cobalt chloride
(600 ppm) with 8-hydroxyqunoline (400 ppm) and ammonium sulphate (0%). Most amount of TSS was in
treatment of interaction effect of Cobalt chloride (400 ppm) with 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate (0 ppm) and
ammonium sulphate (0.2%). Maximum number of total bud was in treatment of interaction effect of Cobalt
chloride (600 ppm) with 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate (400 ppm) and ammonium sulphate (0%). Finally, using
preservative solutions spatially with saccharose was very useful for increasing quality of Polianthes tuberose L.

1.

Introduction

Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) of family Agavaceae is a bulbous fragrant ornamental plant, native to Mexico (Trueblood, 1973). It is grown
in the tropical and subtropical areas for cut flower and fragrance (Benschop, 1993; Huang et al, 2001).
Among ornamental bulbous plants valued for their beauty and fragrance of the flowers, the tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) occupies a very
special and selective place (Sood and Nagar, 2005).
The crop is a bulbous perennial which is day neutral. It grows well in the open field where temperatures range from 20 - 30 C (Gonzalez et al.,
1992; Huang et al., 2001) with no shading or support structure for the plant. Flowering performance of tuberose has been demonstrated to vary
according to the temperature regime. The rate of first floret emergence is directly influenced by the mean air temperature and 21 -22 C gave the
maximum rate of development (Khan et al., 2007). However, a complex water and temperature relationship has been demonstrated. Warm
temperature promotes flower initiation while water maximizes quality and yields, hence irrigation is required for high quality flowers (Franklin
and Alleyne, 2010). Under water stress the flowering period, flower quality and bulb yield are reduced (El-Naggar and Byari, 2009; Moftah and
Al-Humaid 2006). Nutrition studies show that 42.5 kg N Ha-1 (Ngamau, 1992) was optimum for good quality cut flowers. Various organic
nitrogen sources have been reported to improve tuberose growth and flowering (Bahadoran et al., 2011; Padaganur et al., 2005). Hand weeding
is practiced by farmers but pre and post emergence herbicides can also be used (El-Naggar and Byari, 2009).
In Kenya, Kiambu County has the highest hectarage under tuberose (MOALD, 2002, Fintrac Inc., 2005) which is grown primarily for the export
market. The main export destination is the Netherlands with negligible amounts to other countries (HCDA, 1995-2002; Fintrac Inc., 2005).
Selection of bed type and its effect on vegetative and reproductive growth in tuberose are the main mental disturbance for procedures. The
objective of this study was using the preservative solutions of flower to improve quality and quantity of cut shoot flowers of tuberose.

2.

Materials and method

This research was conducted in 2011 in Islamic Azad University of shirvan, Iran. Cut shoot flowers with maximum two opened flowers were
selected. According to native cut flowers of tropical regions are sensitive to low temperature and must keep between 8-15c, thus flowers put in
cool air before put them in chemical solution. Then, flowers cut oblique (with 70 cm length) until their surface and water absorption were
increased. To prevent decay, all leaves under water surface were cut. Every three shoots were put in one pot. Traits of chlorosis, brix, number of
opened flower in day, number of withered flower in day, wet weight, dry weight, electrical conductivity were measured. A randomized block
experiment design with four treatments and three replicates was established for increasing lifetime and quality of Polianthes tuberose L. in the
greenhouse under uncontrolled environmental conditions. Three preservative solutions of Cobalt chloride, 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate and
ammonium sulphate with saccharose 5% were used. The designed treatments consisted of 0 (standard), 400, 600 and 800 ppm Cobalt chloride, 0
(standard), 200, 400 and 600 ppm 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate and 0 (standard), 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% ammonium sulphate with saccharose 5%.
During the experiment, humidity and temperature of room was 70% and 252 c, respectively. To prevent growth of bacteria, 2-3 drops vaytex
added into pots. Number of opened and withered flower in day was counted. Finally, the analysis of data was performed with statistical
comparison of averages, using the Duncans multiple range test method with SPSS software.

391

Assessing the Quality of Polianthes tuberose L. with using Preservative Solutions under Greenhouse Condition
Agriculture Science Developments Vol(3), No (12), December, 2014.

3.

Results and Discussion

Effect on number of total bud of cut shoot Polianthes tuberose L.

To distinguish the effect of preservative solutions on number of total bud of cut shoot Polianthes tuberose L., different treatment were used.
Treatments of ammonium sulphate with saccharose, interaction effect of Cobalt chloride with ammonium sulphate and 8-hydroxyqunoline
sulphate with ammonium sulphate with saccharose had significant effect with confidence interval of 99% (P0.01). But, interaction effect of
Cobalt chloride with ammonium sulphate and 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate with saccharose (abc) had significant effect on this trait with
confidence interval of 95% (P0.05) (Table1).
Table1. Analysis of variance for the measured traits
Opening the last
bud (day)

TSS

Dry
weight

Number of
total bud

*131.1
ns 5.85
*122.06
*265.5
*258.1
ns 183.7
**931.06
1556
3453.4
28.9

*23.3
**33.9
*22.1
**293.9
**59.58
**152.3
**303.3
295.3
1184.02
16.85

ns 2.9
ns 1.45
ns 0.42
**43.4
**28.08
*18.3
**63.6
131.9
290.1
12.74

ns 34.1
ns 40.3
**142.7
ns 88.1
**148.3
**189.4
*303.4
779.3
1725.9
11.46

Df

SOV

3
3
3
9
9
9
27
128
191

Cobalt chloride (a)

8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate (b)
ammonium sulphate (c)
ab
ac
bc
abc
Error
Total
CV (%)

ns. no significant; **.Significant at 0.01; *. Significant at 0.05

Effect on dry weight of cut shoot Polianthes tuberose L.

Treatments of interaction effect of Cobalt chloride with 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate with saccharose, interaction effect of Cobalt chloride with
ammonium sulphate with saccharose and interaction effect of Cobalt chloride with 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate with ammonium sulphate had
significant effect with confidence interval of 99% (P0.01). Interaction effect of 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate with ammonium sulphate had
significant effect with confidence interval of 95% (P0.05). But, each treatment alone had no significant effect on this trait.
Cobalt chloride with ammonium sulphate had significant effect on dry weight that this result was similar to result of redd (1998).
Most amount of dry matter was in treatment of interaction effect of Cobalt chloride (800 ppm) with 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate (0 ppm) and
ammonium sulphate (0.2%).
Effect on TSS of cut shoot Polianthes tuberose L.
All treatments except Cobalt chloride with saccharose and ammonium sulphate with saccharose had significant effect with confidence interval of
99% (P0.01). But, these two treatments had significant effect with confidence interval of 95% (P0.05) on measured brix.
Also, most amount of measured brix was in treatment of interaction effect of Cobalt chloride (600 ppm) with 8-hydroxyqunoline (400 ppm) and
ammonium sulphate (0%).
Effect on the opening of the last bud of cut shoot Polianthes tuberose L.
Treatments of Cobalt chloride with saccharose, ammonium sulphate with saccharose, interaction effect of Cobalt chloride with 8hydroxyqunoline sulphate with saccharose, interaction effect of Cobalt chloride with ammonium sulphate with saccharose had significant effect
with confidence interval of 95% (P0.05). Interaction effect of Cobalt chloride with 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate with ammonium sulphate with
saccharose had significant effect with confidence interval of 99% (P0.01). But, treatments of 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate with saccharose and
interaction effect of 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate with ammonium sulphate had no significant effect on this trait (Table 2).

Table 2. The effects of triple interaction treatments on measured traits

Opening of the
last bud (day)

TSS

Dry weight

Number of
total bud

Ammonium
sulphate (%)

ab 9.00
ab 12.33
ab 15.33
b 8.00
ab 16.00
ab 14.33
ab 11.66
ab 9.00
ab 11.66
ab 14.33
ab 11.33
ab 16.66
ab 13.00
ab 12.00
ab 19.33
ab 13.00

bcdef 7.66
bcdef 7.66
abc 11.66
abcde 9.33
abc 11.66
abcd 10.16
abcdef 8.50
abcd 10.16
bcdef 6.40
abcd 10.16
abcdef 8.66
abcd 10.33
abcdef 8.70
abcd 9.96
abcde 9.00
abcd 10.66

ab 7.13
ab 6.66
ab 8.32
ab 7.14
ab 7.24
ab 9.14
ab 8.52
ab 8.59
ab 7.27
ab 7.86
ab 8.07
ab 8.56
ab 9.04
ab 6.53
ab 9.04
ab 7.94

b 20.00
b 19.00
ab 23.00
b 18.66
b 19.00
ab 24.33
b 19.66
b 18.66
ab 26.33
b 19.66
ab 21.00
ab 21.66
ab 21.66
ab 20.33
ab 23.66
ab 22.33

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6

8-hydroxyqunoline
Cobalt chloride
sulphate (ppm)
(ppm)
0

200
0
400

600

Maliheh Noghani *, Ahmad Asgharzadeh, Mohammad Javad Shakouri

392

Agriculture Science Developments Vol(3), No (12), December, 2014.

ab 17.00
ab 8.66
ab 14.33
ab 9.33
ab 18.66
ab 12.66
ab 10.66
ab 9.66
ab 11.33
ab 16.66
ab 10.66
b 7.66
ab 11.66
ab 9.00
ab 8.66
ab 17.66
ab 14.33
ab 11.66
b 8.00
ab 13.00
ab 13.66
ab 10.66
ab 10.00
ab 12.25
a 20.66
ab 13.00
ab 11.33
ab 11.00
ab 10.33
ab 16.66
ab 9.00
ab 13.50
ab 14.33
ab 17.66
ab 10.33
ab 12.00
ab 8.66
ab 12.66
b 7.66
ab 12.00
ab 8.66
ab 9.66
b 8.33
ab 12.00
ab 10.00
ab 9.00
ab 10.33
b 8.00

abcdef 8.83
a 14.33
abcd 11.00
abcd 11.00
cdef 5.50
def 5.33
abcdef 8.83
bcdef 7.33
bcdef 8.00
bcdef 7.63
bcdef 8.16
abcd 11.16
abcd 10.56
f 3.06
abcd 10.33
abcd 11.00
abcde 9.33
abcd 10.33
abc 11.66
bcdef 6.66
abcd 11.50
abcd 11.33
abcd 11.33
ab 12.07
bcdef 7.83
bcdef 8.00
bcdef 8.16
abcd 10.00
abcd 11.16
bcdef 6.66
ef 3.66
bcdef 6.00
bcdef 7.50
cdef 5.66
abcd 10.00
bcdef 7.33
abcd 10.66
bcdef 8.33
bcdef 7.00
abcd 10.00
bcdef 8.00
abcde 9.43
bcdef 7.16
bcdef 7.83
abcd 10.00
bcdef 8.16
abcd 10.56
abcdef 8.50

ab 8.01
ab 7.47
ab 8.92
ab 6.50
ab 7.70
ab 6.98
ab 8.30
ab 6.89
ab 8.36
ab 7.58
ab 7.76
ab 7.78
ab 8.87
ab 8.95
ab 7.27
ab 7.25
ab 7.76
ab 8.89
ab 7.35
ab 8.14
ab 10.07
ab 9.04
ab 7.77
ab 8.19
ab 7.33
ab 7.14
ab 9.24
ab 7.57
ab 7.69
ab 6.38
ab 7.50
ab 7.78
ab 8.27
a 11.04
ab 9.01
ab 8.52
ab 7.28
ab 6.68
ab 7.01
ab 8.81
ab 7.72
ab 8.85
ab 7.00
ab 8.24
ab 8.82
ab 8.09
ab 6.40
ab 8.32

ab 21.66
b 19.33
ab 21.66
b 18.00
ab 23.33
ab 21.66
ab 22.00
b 19.00
ab 23.00
ab 23.33
ab 22.00
b 19.00
ab 22.00
ab 21.00
b 17.33
ab 22.33
ab 22.00
ab 22.33
ab 21.33
ab 21.00
ab 21.00
ab 23.66
ab 21.00
ab 22.25
a 29.33
ab 21.00
ab 20.66
ab 21.00
b 20.00
ab 24.00
ab 20.66
ab 21.00
ab 22.66
ab 25.66
ab 21.33
ab 23.00
ab 22.33
ab 25.33
b 17.33
ab 21.00
ab 23.66
ab 25.00
b 17.33
ab 22.66
ab 21.33
ab 21.00
b 19.66
b 19.66

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6

200
400
400

600

200
600
400

600

200
800
400

600

The results indicated that 8-hydroxyqunoline sulphate as compared with Cobalt chloride prevented growth of microorganisms.
Finally, lifetime of cut shoot Polianthes tuberose L. was 3 to 5 days but, in this study 24 hours cool air, high humidity and using preservative
solutions spatially complex solutions and using saccharose in all treatments increased lifetime of cut shoot Polianthes tuberose L. to 19 days in
most of treatments.

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Assessing the Quality of Polianthes tuberose L. with using Preservative Solutions under Greenhouse Condition
Agriculture Science Developments Vol(3), No (12), December, 2014.

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