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Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (9) (2014) 3449~3458

www.springerlink.com/content/1738-494x

DOI 10.1007/s12206-014-0806-y

An analytical solution for free vibration analysis of circular plates in axisymmetric


modes based on the two variables refined plate theory
Amir Hossein Shahdadi* and Mohammad Ali Hajabasi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
(Manuscript Received November 25, 2013; Revised April 17, 2014; Accepted May 24, 2014)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract
This paper presents, for the first time, an analytical solution for free vibrations of an isotropic circular plate in axisymmetric modes
based on the two variables refined plate theory. This theory accounts for a quadratic variation of the transverse shear strains across the
thickness, and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. Governing equations are derived using Hamiltons principle and an analytical method on the basis of using Bessel functions is introduced to
solve them. By this procedure, final form of the governing equations is obtained in matrix form. These equations are solved for classical
boundary conditions and comparison studies are performed to verify the validity of the present results. It is found that the results obtained
using RPT and TSDT are close to each other. As a benchmark, numerical results are presented in a dimensionless form for various values
of thickness to radius ratio.
Keywords: Analytical solution; Circular plate; Free vibration; Refined plate theory
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Introduction
Plates are greatly used in many branches of industrial fields
such as mechanical, aeronautic, electronic and marine engineering. As one of the most important structural elements,
circular plates are widely used specially in high speed rotating
engineering systems. Usually, these structures are subjected to
damaging vibrations due to dynamic loads and free vibration
analysis of them would be necessary to have a good design.
Depending on the thickness of the plates, several theories
such as classical plate theory (CPT), first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT), and higher-order shear deformation
plate theory (HSDT) have been developed. Among them the
CPT is the simplest method in which the transverse shear deformation is neglected. This theory gives accurate results for
thin plates but gradually loses its accuracy as the plate thickness increases. A comprehensive survey of research studies
shows that many researchers such as Leissa [1], Weisensel [2]
and Liew et al. [3] analyzed free vibrations of circular plates
based on the CPT. A detailed discussion about CPT can be
found in the Ref. [4]. To overcome the lack of CPT, Reissner
[5] and Mindlin [6] developed the FSDT, including the effects
of shear deformations and rotary inertia. Some researchers
such as Rao and Prasad [7], Liew et al. [8], and Irie et al. [9]
*

Corresponding author. Tel.: +98 341 2111763, Fax.: +98 341 2120964
E-mail address: amirhosein.shahdadi@yahoo.com

Recommended by Associate Editor Ohseop Song


KSME & Springer 2014

presented their analysis on the basis of FSDT. A good discussion about FSDT is available in a research by Wang et al. [10].
Since the FSDT does not obey the zero shear strain conditions
on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate, a shear correction
factor is needed to correct the shear strains (consequently,
shear stresses) distribution through the plate thickness. This
factor, which cannot be determined easily, not only depends
on the material and geometric properties but also on the loading and boundary conditions. To avoid using a shear correction factor, various types of higher-order shear deformation
theories including several unknown functions have been developed [11-16]. In these theories, the number of governing
equations and boundary conditions will be going up as the
order of the theory increases. Among several higher-order
shear deformation theories, the third-order shear deformation
theory (TSDT) [15] is the most greatly adopted model in the
study of plates. Due to its third-order displacement field, the
zero shear stress condition is satisfied at the free surfaces.
Refined plate theory (RPT) that was proposed by Shimpi [17]
is similar to the third-order shear deformation theory [15] but
only with two unknown functions and two PDEs in contrast
with five unknown functions and five PDEs in TSDT. The
RPT is based on the assumption that the transverse and inplane displacements consist of bending and shear components
in which the bending components do not contribute toward
shear forces and, likewise, the shear components do not contribute toward bending moments. Also shear components of

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A. H. Shahdadi and M. A. Hajabasi / Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (9) (2014) 3449~3458

in-plane displacements give rise to the parabolic distributions


of shear strains through the thickness in such a way that the
shear stress vanishes on the plate surface, therefore the zero
traction boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of
the plate are satisfied without using a shear correction factor
[17]. It is important to remember that the most attractive characteristic of this theory is that it only has two unknown functions and has strong similarities with the CPT in some aspects
such as governing equations, boundary conditions, and stress
resultant expressions. Shimpi and Patel [18, 19] and also Thai
and Kim [20] extended successfully this theory to orthotropic
rectangular plates and studied static and dynamic behaviors of
this geometry of plate. Kim et al. [21] analyzed buckling of
orthotropic rectangular plates using the two variables refined
plate theory. Thai and Kim [22] and Kim et al. [23] studied
rectangular laminated composite plates using this theory.
Mechab et al. [24] developed refined plate theory for FGM
rectangular plates. Buckling analysis of functionally graded
plates on the basis of this theory was presented by Thai and
Choi [25]. Thai and Kim [26, 27] used the Levy type solution
to analyze free vibrations and buckling of orthotropic rectangular plates based on this theory. Narendar [28] studied the
mechanical buckling of the nanoplates and Thai [29] developed a nonlocal refined beam theory for nanobeams based on
the refined plate theory. The application of this theory was
extended for free vibrations of the nanoplates by Malekzadeh
and Shojaee [30]. As it is clear, all of the researches based on
the refined plate theory have been done for rectangular plates.
The main aim of this paper is to apply the RPT for free axisymmetric vibration analysis of isotropic circular plates using
an analytical approach which has not been developed yet. For
this purpose, a new revision of the RPT assumptions in polar
coordinates which are useful for circular plates is presented.
Equations of motion are obtained using Hamiltons principle.
These equations are only dynamically coupled. Then, using an
analytical approach, these equations are solved for clamped,
free and simply supported boundary conditions. The results of
the present theory on the basis of the proposed analytical
method are compared with those of other theories. It can be
concluded that the refined plate theory is not only simple but
also accurate.

2. Refined plate theory for circular plates


2.1 Main assumptions
Refined plate theory in Cartesian coordinate system which
has been presented by Shimpi is based on several assumptions
[17]. It is evident that an equivalent of these assumptions in
cylindrical coordinate system ( r ,q , z ) is suitable for circular
plates which are summarized as follows. Note
that ( ur , uq , u z ) are the components of displacement field
in r , q , and z directions, respectively.
(1) The transverse normal stress s z is negligible in comparison with in-plane stresses s r and s q .
(2) The displacements are small and therefore the strains in-

volved are infinitesimal.


(3) The lateral displacement u z has a bending component u zb and a shear component u zs .
(4) The in-plane displacements, ur and uq , have two components: a bending component and a shear component.
The bending components urb and uqb of displacements
ur and uq are assumed to be analogous, respectively, to the
displacements ur and uq which were given by CPT. Therefore
the expressions for urb and uqb are as follows [4]:
u zb
r

(1)

z u zb
.
r q

(2)

urb = - z
uqb = -

The shear components urs and uqs of displacement ur


and uq are such that they give rise, in conjunction with u zs to
the parabolic variations of shear strains g rz and g q z across the
cross section of the plate in such a way that shear
stresses t rz and t q z are zero at z = h / 2 . Also, their contribution toward strains e rr , eqq and g rq is such that there is no
contribution from the components urs and uqs of the displacements ur and uq in the moments M rr , M qq and M rq .
2.2 Displacement field
Based on the assumptions of RPT which were remarked in
the previous section, the displacement field can be obtained
as:
ur ( r ,q , z , t ) = urb ( r ,q , z , t ) + urs ( r ,q , z , t ) =
-z

1 z 5 z 3 u s
u zb
+ h - z
r
4 h 3 h r

(3)

uq ( r ,q , z , t ) = uqb ( r ,q , z , t ) + uqs ( r ,q , z , t ) =
3
z u zb h 1 z 5 z u zs
+ -
r q
r 4 h 3 h q

(4)

u z ( r ,q , z , t ) = u zb ( r ,q , t ) + u zs ( r ,q , t ) .

(5)

It is obvious that as the plate thickness becomes smaller, the


refined plate theory converges in the limit to the classical plate
theory.
2.3 Strain and stress field relations
According to the relations between the strain field and displacement field in 3-D elasticity theory [31], and also by neglecting the normal strain in the thickness direction e zz , the
strain field can be obtained as follows:

e rr = - z

1 z 5 z 3 2u s
2u zb
- 2z
+
h
r 2
4 h 3 h r

(6)

A. H. Shahdadi and M. A. Hajabasi / Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (9) (2014) 3449~3458

eqq

g rq = -

gq z

{M rr , M qq , M rq , Qrr , Qqq } =

2
5
z u s
= - 5 z
4
h r
2
5
z 1 u zs
= - 5
h r q
4

(8)

s qq = -

t rq =

(19)

(10)

1 2u zb 1 u zb
2u zb
+
+n
M qq = - D 2

2
r r
r 2
r q

(20)

(11)

1 2u zb
1 u b
- 2 z
M rq = - D (1 - n )
r rq 2r q

tq z

(12)

Qrr =

5 Eh u zs
12 (1 + n ) r

(21)

Qqq =

5 Eh 1 u zs
12 (1 + n ) r q

(22)

D=

Eh3

12 1 - n 2

(23)

2.5 Governing equations and boundary conditions


(13)

To obtain the governing differential equations and boundary conditions the Hamiltons principle [32] is used. Hence:
t2

d T - V dt = 0

(24)

t1

(14)

2
5
E
z 1 u zs
- 5
=
2 (1 + n ) 4
h r q

(15)

2
5
E
z u s
- 5 z
2 (1 + n ) 4
h r

(16)

t rz =

where D is the plate stiffness and is defined as:

3
E 2 z 2u zb 2h 1 z 5 z
-
+
2 (1 + n ) r rq
r 4 h 3 h

3
z u b h 1 z 5 z u s
2u zs
+ 2 z - 2 - z
r q r q r 4 h 3 h q

Using expressions Eqs. (12-16) in Eq. (17) and simplifying


the results, expressions for moments and shear forces are obtained as:

(18)

(9)

2u zb
Ez 1 2u zb 1 u zb
Eh
n
+
+
+

2
2
2
2
r r
r 1 - n 2
1 - n r q

1 z 5 z 3 1 2u s 1 u s
2u zs
z
z
- 2
n
+
+

2
r r
r 2
4 h 3 h r q

(17)

2u b n u zb n 2u zb
+ 2
M rr = - D 2z +

r r
r q 2
r

Ez 2u zb n u zb n 2u zb
Eh
+
+ 2
+
2
2
2

r
r
1 - n r
r q 1 - n 2

1 z 5 z 3 2u s n u s n 2u s
z
z
- 2z +
+

r r r 2 q 2
4 h 3 h r

{s rr z,s qq z,t rq z,t rz ,tq z } dz .

(7)

Also, based on the Hooks law [31] and using constitutive


equations, the stresses can be written as:

s rr = -

z =- h 2

3
2 z 2u zb 2h 1 z 5 z 2u zs
-
+
+
r rq
r 4 h 3 h rq

3
z u zb h 1 z 5 z u zs
- 2 -
2
r q r 4 h 3 h q

g rz

z =h 2

3
z u zb h 1 z 5 z u zs
=+ -
r r
r 4 h 3 h r

3
z 2u zb h 1 z 5 z 2u zb

+


r 2 q 2 r 2 4 h 3 h q 2
e zz = 0

3451

where E and n are Young modulus and Poisson ratio, respectively. It is clear that the zero traction boundary conditions on
the surfaces of the plate are satisfied. Therefore, the RPT does
not require the use of shear correction factors.
2.4 The moments and shear forces relations
The moment M rr , M qq , M rq and also shear forces Qrr and
Qqq are defined as:

where T is kinetic energy, V is strain energy, d is a variation


operator, t1 and t2 are values of time variable t at the start
and at the end of time interval.
For free vibration, the kinetic energy T and the strain energy V of an elastic circular plate is expressed as:
T=

1 h 2 2p a
2
2
2
r u& + v& + w& rdrdq dz
2 -h 2 0 0

V=

1 h 2 2p a
(s rre rr + s qq eqq + t rz e rz + t rq e rq +tq zeq z ) rdrdq dz
2 -h 2 0 0

(25)

(26)
in which a is the radius of the circular plate, r is the plate
density and dot-overscript convention represents the differentiation with respect to the time variable t .
Substituting Eqs. (3)-(16) into above definitions and inte-

3452

A. H. Shahdadi and M. A. Hajabasi / Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (9) (2014) 3449~3458

grating through the thickness of the plate, two governing equations for dynamic behavior of circular plates based on the two
variables refined plate theory can be derived as:
3

D 2r 2r u zb -

rh

12 t 2

( u ) +
2 b
r z

(27)

2 b
u z + u zs = 0
t 2
5 (1 - n ) D 2 s
1
r uz D 2r 2r u zs 84
h2

rh

r h3 2
1008 t

( u ) + r h t (u
2 s
r z

b
z

+ u zs = 0

(28)

where 2r is the Laplacian operator in the polar coordinates. It


is worthwhile to express that since axisymmetric free vibrations analysis of circular plates is presented in this paper, all
differentiations with respect to q are vanished. Therefore, 2r
is defined as:

2r =

d2 1 d
+
.
dr 2 r dr

(29)

Also, using variational approach, boundary conditions on


the edges of the circular plate r = a are determined as follows:

B1b u zb : either d u zb = 0

or

3u b 1
2u b 1 u b
D 3z + (1 + 2n ) 2z + 2 z +
r
r
r r
r

r h3 2 u zb

(30)

=0
12 t 2 r

u b
B2b u zb : either d z
r

= 0

or

2u b n u zb
- D 2z +
=0
r r
r

(31)

B1s u zs : either d u zs = 0

or

u s
B2s u zs : either d z
r

= 0

= 0

D 2u zs u u zs
+

=0.
84 r 2
r r

volve u zb and u zs , respectively.


With respect to the above governing equations and boundary conditions, the following can be noted:
(1) In the RPT, there are two governing equations (i.e. Eqs.
(27) and (28)). Both of these equations are fourth-order partial
differential equations. It is obvious that the two governing
equations are completely uncoupled for static analysis, and are
inertially coupled (i.e., no elastic coupling at all) for dynamic
analysis. There are only two unknown functions (i.e., bending
component u zb and shear component u zs of transverse deflection u z ). Even the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT)
which is considered as the simplest one in the shear deformation theories involve three unknown functions, however the
FSDT does not exactly satisfy transverse shear stresses and
shear strains constitutive relations. Whereas, in the RPT, these
constitutive relations are exactly satisfied without using a
shear correction factor.
(2) There are four boundary conditions on the edges of the
circular plate involved in the RPT. Two conditions are stated
in the terms of u zb and its derivatives only (i.e. Eqs. (30) and
(31)). The remaining two conditions are stated in the terms of
u zs and its derivatives only (i.e. Eqs. (32) and (33)).
(3) As it can be seen, the RPT has strong similarities with
the CPT. The entities of moment expression for
M rr , M qq , M rq (i.e., Eqs. (18)-(20)) and edge boundary conditions (i.e., Eqs. (30) and (31)) are identical, save for the appearance of subscript, to the corresponding entities of CPT.
The bending component u zb of transverse deflection figures in
the just mentioned entities of RPT, whereas lateral deflection w figures in the corresponding equations of CPT. Furthermore, one of the two governing equations (i.e., Eq. (27))
has strong likeness with the governing equation of CPT.
(4) It is seen from the displacement field (i.e., Eqs. (3)-(5)),
as the thickness becomes smaller, the refined plate theory
converges in the limit to the classical plate theory. Therefore,
this theory is equally applicable to the thick as well as thin
plate analysis.
2.6 Analytical solution procedure

2u s
5 Eh u zs D 3u zs 1
+ 3 + (1 + 2u ) 2z +
r
(1 + u ) r 84 r r
1 u zs r h3 2 u zs
+

r 2 r 1008 t 2 r

B2s u zs are operators of boundary conditions which in-

(32)
or
(33)

It should be noted that B1b u zb , B2b u zb , B1s u zs and

In the previous section, the governing equations and the related boundary conditions were obtained for free axisymmetric vibrations of an isotropic homogenous circular plate of
uniform thickness h and radius a , as shown in Fig. 1. In order
to solve these equations in an analytical approach, consider a
synchronous motion in lateral direction in which the time dependences of u zb ( r , t ) and u zs ( r , t ) are the same.
u zb ( r , t ) = wb ( r ) f ( t )

(34)

u zs

(35)

( r, t ) = w ( r ) f (t ) .

Substituting the above functions in the governing Eqs. (27)

A. H. Shahdadi and M. A. Hajabasi / Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (9) (2014) 3449~3458

W1b =
W1s =
W 2s =

r 1 -n 2 w 2

, Wb2 =

E
-420 (1 - n )
h2

12 r 1 - n 2 w 2
Eh

r 1 -n 2 w 2
+

(41)

1008r 1 - n 2 w 2
Eh

With respect to Eqs. (39) and (40) a characteristic polynomial is defined. On the basis of the roots of this polynomial,
the functions wb ( r ) and ws ( r ) can be written as:

Fig. 1. Geometry and coordinate system of circular plate.

wb ( r ) = C1 + C2 J 0 ( l2 r ) + C3 J 0 ( l3r ) + C4 J 0 ( l4 r )

and (28), yields

w (r ) = C1G ( l1 ) + C2G ( l2 ) J 0 ( l2 r ) + C3G ( l3 ) J 0 ( l3r )

(36)

r 1 -n 2 w 2

2r 2r wb ( r ) +

)w

2r wb ( r ) -

G (l ) =

( w ( r ) + w ( r )) = 0
-420 1 - n
( ) + r (1 - n ) w
w (r) +
b

(37)

Eh 2

2
r

2
r

h2

1008r 1 - n 2 w 2
Eh

( w ( r ) + w ( r )) = 0 .
b

(38)


d4 b
2 d3
1
w ( r ) + 3 wb ( r ) + W1b - 2
4
r dr
dr
r


d2 b
Wb 1 d b

2 w ( r ) + 1 + 3 w ( r ) r
dr
dr
r

Wb2 wb ( r ) + ws ( r ) = 0

d4 s
2 d3
1
w ( r ) + 3 ws ( r ) + W1s - 2
4
r dr
dr
r

(39)

where the coefficients are:

l 4 - W1bl 2 - Wb2
Wb2

B1b 1

B b 1
2
B s 1
1
B s 1
2

B1b J 0 ( l2 r )

B1b J 0 ( l3r )

B2b J 0 ( l2 r )

B2b J 0 ( l3r )

B1s J 0 ( l2 r )

B1s J 0 ( l3r )

B2s J 0 ( l2 r )

B2s J 0 ( l3r )

(44)

(40)

B1b J 0 ( l4 r )
C1
B2b J 0 ( l4 r ) C2
= 0
B1s J 0 ( l4 r ) C3

C
B2s J 0 ( l4 r ) 4

(45)
in which r = a .
Setting the determinant of the coefficients matrix of the
above equation equal to zero, natural frequencies are obtained
for desired boundary conditions.
Edge of the circular plate may take any boundary conditions,
including clamped, free, and simply supported as follows:
1. For a clamped edge at r = a
u zb = 0 B1b u zb = 0

d2 s
Ws 1 d s

2 w ( r ) + 1 + 3 w ( r ) r
dr
r

dr

W 2s wb ( r ) + ws ( r ) = 0

(43)

By applying the boundary conditions introduced as operators in the previous section, the final form of governing equations in matrix form is obtained:

2 ws ( r ) r

Expanding the Laplacian operator and also introducing four


coefficients, the new forms of the governing equations are
written as follows:

+C4G ( l4 ) J 0 ( l4 r )

where J 0 (r ) , Ci and li are the Bessel functions of the first


kind, arbitrary constants and roots of the characteristic polynomial, respectively. Also G ( l ) is defined as:

and the following Eigen-value problem:

12 r 1 - n

(42)

&&f + w 2 f = 0

3453

(46)

u zb
= 0 B2b u zb = 0
r

(47)

u zs = 0 B1s u zs = 0

(48)

u zs

(49)

= 0 B2s u zs = 0 .

3454

A. H. Shahdadi and M. A. Hajabasi / Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (9) (2014) 3449~3458

Table 1. Comparisons of non-dimensional frequency parameters w


under different boundary conditions with those obtained based on the
FSDT [33] and HSDT [34] ( h a = 0.001) .

2. For a free edge at r = a


3u b 1
2u b
D 3z + (1 + 2n ) 2z +
r
r
r
1 u zb r h3 u&&zb
+

r 2 r 12 r

b
b
= 0 B1 u z = 0

2u b n u zb
M rr = - D 2z +
r r
r

b
b
= 0 B2 u z = 0

(50)

Boundary
conditions
Clamped

(51)
Free

2u s
5 Eh u zs D 3u zs 1
+ 3 + (1 + 2n ) 2z +
r
(1 + n ) r 84 r r
1 u zs r h3 u&&zs
+

r 2 r 1008 r

s
s
= 0 B1 u z = 0

5 Eh u zs
= 0 B2s u zs = 0 .
Qrr =
12 (1 + n ) r

3. For a simply supported edge at r = a


u zb = 0 B1b u zb = 0

(52)
(53)

(54)

2u b n u zb
b
b
M rr = - D 2z +
= 0 B2 u z = 0

r
r

(55)

u zs

(56)

=0

B1s

u zs

=0

D 2u zs n u zs
+

84 r 2
r r

s
s
= 0 B2 u z = 0 .

(57)

2.7 Results and discussion


Based on the two variables refined plate theory, free axisymmetric vibration analysis of an isotropic circular plate was
investigated and natural frequencies were obtained for classical boundary conditions while different values of thickness to
radius ratio were considered. All of these frequencies are expressed in terms of non-dimensional frequency parameter w = w a 2 r h D . For all calculations here, Poissons ratio
has taken as 0.3. It should be noted that in the following tables n shows the mode number. To verify the presented results,
they are compared with their counterparts based on the exact
CPT, exact FSDT, exact HSDT, and 3-D elasticity solutions
available in the literatures. The percentage difference in the
following tables is defined as follows:
( Exact RPT ) - ( Other Methods )
% Diff =
100 .
Exact RPT

Simply
supported

(58)

Non-dimensional frequency parameters w of circular plates


under clamped, free and simply supported boundary conditions on the basis of RPT are presented in Tables 1 and 2 for
two values of thickness-radius ratios 0.001 and 0.25. These
results are compared with the results obtained based on the
FSDT [33] and HSDT [34]. It is seen from these tables that
the RPT, the FSDT, and the HSDT give identical results for
thin circular plates. As the plate becomes thicker, the results of

RPT

0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3

10.2157
39.7708
89.1024
158.1791
9.0030
38.4429
87.7488
156.814

FSDT
[33]
10.216
39.771
89.104
158.184
9.003
38.443
87.750
156.818

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

HSDT
[34]
10.2157
39.7708
89.1024
158.179
9.0030
38.4429
87.7488
156.814

%Diff

%Diff
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

4.9354

4.935

0.00

4.93536

0.00

1
2
3

29.7199
74.1551
138.315

29.720
74.156
138.318

0.00
0.00
0.00

29.7199
74.1551
138.315

0.00
0.00
0.00

Table 2. Comparisons of non-dimensional frequency parameters w


under different boundary conditions with those obtained based on the
FSDT [33] and HSDT [34] ( h a = 0.25 ) .
Boundary
conditions
Clamped

Free

Simply
supported

RPT

0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3

8.8464
27.6223
50.4945
75.1311
8.2728
28.6940
52.9387
77.7917

FSDT
[33]
8.807
27.253
49.420
73.054
8.267
28.605
52.584
76.936

4.6988

1
2
3

23.3216
47.0810
72.4067

%Diff

HSDT [34]

%Diff

0.45
1.34
2.13
2.76
0.07
0.31
0.67
1.10

8.84637
27.6223
50.4941
75.1309
8.27233
28.6931
52.9333
77.7821

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

4.696

0.06

4.69853

0.00

23.254
46.775
71.603

0.29
0.65
1.11

23.3190
47.0716
72.4038

0.00
0.00
0.00

RPT are still in good agreement with those of HSDT. However for thick plates the inaccuracy of FSDT is increased,
particularly in the higher modes of vibration. The reason for
this fact is that the Mindlin model cannot capture the boundary layer term for the clamped edge, while the HSDT can [34].
Coincidence of the results of the RPT on those of the HSDT
shows that the two variables refined plate theory can either
capture the boundary layer term for such a boundary condition.
It is valuable to say that all results obtained on the basis of
RPT are greater than those of the FSDT and the HSDT.
It should be expressed that the RPT has only two unknown
functions and two governing equations compared to three and
five unknown functions (and governing equations) in case of
FSDT and HSDT, respectively. Furthermore, the differential
governing equations in the current theory are only inertially
coupled and there is no elastic coupling. Whereas, the differential governing equations in FSDT and HSDT are coupled
elastically as well as inertially, so that solving governing equations in FSDT and HSDT are more difficult in comparison
with the RPT.

3455

A. H. Shahdadi and M. A. Hajabasi / Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (9) (2014) 3449~3458

Table 3. Comparisons of non-dimensional frequency parameters w under different boundary conditions with those obtained by 3-D Ritz
solution [35].
h/a

Method

n
0

0.01

RPT
3D Ritz [35]
%Diff

10.2130
10.250
-0.36

39.7336
39.8780
-0.36

0.10

RPT
3D Ritz [35]
%Diff

9.9461
9.9909
-0.45

36.5489
36.7440
-0.53

0.20

RPT
3D Ritz [35]
%Diff

9.2650
9.3225
-0.62

30.4748
30.6490
-0.57

0.30

RPT
3D Ritz [35]
%Diff

8.4113
8.4676
-0.67

25.1020
25.1500
-0.19

0.01

RPT
3D Ritz [35]
%Diff

9.0017
9.0018
0.00

38.4165
38.4170
0.00

0.10

RPT
3D Ritz [35]
%Diff

8.8688
8.8720
-0.04

36.0613
38.1320
-0.20

0.20

RPT
3D Ritz [35]
%Diff

8.5085
8.5194
-0.13

31.1748
-

0.30

RPT
3D Ritz [35]
%Diff

8.0151
8.0344
-0.24

26.3884
-

0.01

RPT
3D Ritz [35]
%Diff

4.9348
4.9360
-0.03

29.7039
29.7060
-0.01

0.10

RPT
3D Ritz [35]
%Diff

4.8943
4.8975
-0.07

28.2547
28.3100
-0.2

0.20

RPT
3D Ritz [35]
%Diff

4.7788
4.7876
-0.19

25.0414
25.1880
-0.58

0.30

RPT
3D Ritz [35]
%Diff

4.6071
4.6234
-0.35

21.6757
21.8790
-0.94

CPT [4]
FSDT [33]
HSDT [34]
RPT
10

w^

Boundary
conditions
Clamped

11

Free

Simply
supported

Table 3 shows the comparison of the non-dimensional frequency parameters of circular plates with clamped, free, and
simply supported boundary conditions for several values of
thickness to radius ratios, obtained on the basis of the present
theory, with those obtained using the Ritz 3-D method [35]. It
is obviously seen, from this table, that, the results based on the
RPT have a good accuracy and the difference between the

8
0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

h/a

Fig. 2. Comparison of non-dimensional fundamental frequency parameter of clamped circular plates among different theories.

results of this theory with those obtained by the mentioned


solution is not considerable. Also it is clear that all the results
based on the Ritz method are greater than all RPT results. This
is due to the fact that natural frequencies by the 3-D methods
are upper bounds of the exact ones, unless an exact eigenfunction of free vibration for the trial function is assumed.
A comparison review between the results of the present solution with those obtained using the differential quadrature
method (DQM) based on the FSDT [36] is presented in Tables
4-6. As seen these results are in good agreement and the difference between them becomes more significant with an increase in the wave number, boundary constraints and thickness to radius ratio.
Fig. 2 presents variations of non-dimensional fundamental
frequency parameter of clamped circular plates with the variations of thickness-radius ratio for CPT [4], FSDT [33], HSDT
[34], and RPT. It is obvious that when the plate is thin, the
results of refined plate theory as well as FSDT and HSDT
coincide with those obtained by CPT, but as the plate becomes
thicker; the CPT overestimates the fundamental natural frequencies. However the RPT still has a good accuracy in comparison with FSDT and especially with HSDT. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also
simple in predicting the natural frequencies of circular plates.
According to the above verification of the current approach,
a benchmark frequency results for comparisons with those
from other methods can be given. Thus, non-dimensional
natural frequency parameters of circular plates under clamped,
free and simply supported boundary conditions are presented
in Tables 7-9 for various values of thickness-radius ratios. It is
observed from these tables that the non-dimensional frequency parameters w decrease as the plate thickness to radius
ratio is increased. This fact is due to the influence of rotary
inertia and shear deformation. Also, it is seen that the nondimensional frequency parameters increase when the edge of
the plate is subjected to the more restraining boundary condi-

3456

A. H. Shahdadi and M. A. Hajabasi / Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (9) (2014) 3449~3458

Table 4. Comparisons of non-dimensional frequency parameters w of clamped circular plates with those obtained by the DQM [36].
h/a

Method
RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

n
0
10.1459
10.145
0.01

0.05

1
38.8706
38.855
0.04

2
85.0647
84.995
0.08

3
146.6010
146.40
0.14

4
221.1730
220.73
0.20

5
306.5433
305.71
0.27

6
400.7182
399.32
0.35

0.10

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

9.9461
9.9408
0.05

36.5489
36.479
0.19

75.9564
75.664
0.39

124.0582
123.32
0.60

177.8622
176.41
0.82

235.3854
232.97
1.03

295.3663
291.71
1.24

0.15

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

9.6419
9.6286
0.14

33.5525
33.393
0.47

66.1297
65.551
0.87

103.3948
102.09
1.26

143.2521
140.93
1.62

184.6004
180.99
1.96

226.8374
221.62
2.30

0.20

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

9.2650
9.2400
0.27

30.4748
30.211
0.87

57.5329
56.682
1.48

87.3219
85.571
2.01

118.4924
115.55
2.48

150.3717
145.94
2.95

176.3780
174.97
0.8

0.25

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

8.8464
8.8068
0.45

27.6223
27.253
1.34

50.4945
49.420
2.13

75.1311
73.054
2.76

100.5677
97.198
3.36

118.3312
117.90
0.37

127.0981
122.43
3.67

Table 5. Comparisons of non-dimensional frequency parameters w of free circular plates with those obtained by the DQM [36].
h/a

Method

n
0

0.05

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

8.9687
8.9686
0.00

37.7930
37.787
0.02

84.4731
84.443
0.04

146.8520
146.76
0.06

222.5978
222.38
0.10

309.4111
308.98
0.14

405.2007
404.44
0.20

0.10

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

8.8688
8.8679
0.01

36.0613
36.041
0.06

76.7777
76.676
0.13

126.5641
126.27
0.23

182.0917
181.46
0.35

241.1410
239.98
0.48

302.2962
300.38
0.63

0.15

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

8.7114
8.7095
0.02

33.7158
33.674
0.12

68.0105
67.827
0.27

106.8951
106.40
0.46

147.8660
146.83
0.70

189.6208
187.79
0.97

231.2722
228.39
1.25

0.20

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

8.5085
8.5051
0.04

31.1748
31.111
0.20

59.9152
59.645
0.45

90.7512
90.645
0.12

121.9308
120.57
1.12

151.7731
149.63
1.41

172.6729
171.18
0.86

0.25

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

8.2728
8.2674
0.06

28.6940
28.605
0.31

52.9387
52.584
0.67

77.7917
76.936
1.10

100.9437
99.545
1.39

115.5963
114.53
0.92

127.9631
126.34
1.27

tions. The reason of this observation is that higher restrictions


at the edges increase the flexural rigidity of the plate, causing
a higher frequency response.

3. Conclusion
In this paper, analytical solutions were presented to investigate free axisymmetric vibrations behavior of isotropic circular plates based on the two variables refined plate theory
(RPT) for the first time. The accuracy of the RPT was verified
by comparing the natural frequencies for circular plates under

classical boundary conditions with those available in the literatures. For thin plates, CPT, FSDT, HSDT, and RPT, are
acquired the same frequency parameters, but the inconsistency
was increased as the plate becomes thicker. For these plates
FSDT, HDST, and RPT served almost the same results. Comparing to the other solutions, the proposed analytical solution
based on the RPT was closer to the HSDT. Therefore, it can
be concluded that the RPT which does not require a shear
correction factor can be successfully used for analyzing vibrational behavior of plates since it is the simplest yet accurate
shear deformable theory with only two variables.

3457

A. H. Shahdadi and M. A. Hajabasi / Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (9) (2014) 3449~3458

Table 6. Comparisons of non-dimensional frequency parameters w of simply supported circular plates with those obtained by the DQM [36].
h/a

Method
RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

n
0
4.9248
4.9247
0.00

0.05

1
29.3271
29.323
0.01

2
71.7804
71.756
0.03

3
130.4288
130.35
0.06

4
203.0002
202.81
0.09

5
287.1791
286.79
0.13

6
380.8229
380.13
0.18

0.10

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

4.8943
4.8938
0.01

28.2547
28.240
0.05

66.0242
65.942
0.12

113.8230
113.57
0.22

168.0911
167.53
0.33

226.4014
225.34
0.47

287.2188
285.44
0.62

0.15

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

4.8446
4.8440
0.01

26.7444
26.715
0.11

59.2143
59.062
0.26

97.2090
96.775
0.45

137.9151
136.98
0.68

179.9580
178.23
0.96

222.7053
219.86
1.28

0.20

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

4.7788
4.7773
0.03

25.0414
24.994
0.19

52.7384
52.514
0.43

83.3846
82.766
0.74

115.1841
113.87
1.14

147.4997
145.13
1.61

166.3833
166.29
0.06

0.25

RPT
DQM [36]
%Diff

4.6988
4.6963
0.05

23.3216
23.254
0.29

47.0810
46.775
0.65

72.4067
71.603
1.11

98.2800
96.609
1.70

108.3260
108.27
0.05

124.4988
121.50
2.41

Table 7. Non-dimensional frequency parameters w of clamped circular plates with different thickness to radius ratios.
h/a
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25

n
0
10.1459
9.9461
9.6419
9.2650
8.8464

1
38.8707
36.5489
33.5525
30.4748
27.6223

2
85.0647
75.9564
66.1297
57.5329
50.4945

3
146.6010
124.0582
103.3948
87.3219
75.1311

4
221.1730
177.8622
143.2521
118.4924
100.5677

5
306.5433
235.3854
184.6004
150.3717
118.3312

6
400.7182
295.3663
226.8374
176.3780
127.0981

5
309.4111
241.1410
189.6208
151.7731
115.5963

6
405.2007
302.2962
231.2722
172.6729
127.9631

Table 8. Non-dimensional frequency parameters w of free circular plates with different thickness to radius ratios.
h/a
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25

n
0
8.9687
8.8688
8.7114
8.5085
8.2728

1
37.7930
36.0613
33.7158
31.1748
28.6940

2
84.4731
76.7777
68.0105
59.9152
52.9387

3
146.8520
126.5641
106.8951
90.7512
77.7917

4
222.5978
182.0917
147.8660
121.9308
100.9437

Table 9. Non-dimensional frequency parameters w of simply supported circular plates with different thickness to radius ratios.
h/a
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25

n
0
4.9248
4.8943
4.8446
4.7788
4.6988

1
29.3271
28.2547
26.7444
25.0414
23.3216

2
71.7804
66.0242
59.2143
52.7384
47.0810

3
130.4288
113.8230
97.2090
83.3846
72.4067

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Amir Hossein Shahdadi was born in


Mashhad (Iran) in 1987. He was graduated from Shahid Bahonar University of
Kerman with B.Sc. in mechanical engineering in 2011. He also completed his
education in M.Sc. in mechanical engineering at Shahid Bahonar University of
Kerman in 2013. He is currently preparing himself for his Ph.D.
Mohammad Ali Hajabasi was born in
Kerman (Iran). He has Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Isfahan University of Technology. He is currently
working as an assistant professor and
also a faculty member of department of
mechanical engineering at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. He is a supervisor for several theses in the fields of dynamics and vibration, computational mechanics, system modeling and optimization, multi-body dynamics, micro/nano mechanics and machine elements design.

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