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StategovernmentsofIndiaWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

StategovernmentsofIndia
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

StategovernmentsinIndiaarethegovernmentsrulingStatesofIndia,andtheheadofthecouncilof
ministersinastateischiefminister.Powerisdividedbetweencentralgovernmentandstate
governments.Whilecentralgovernmenthandlesmilitary,externalaffairsetc.,thestategovernment
dealswithinternalsecurity(throughstatepolice),andotherstateissues.Incomeforcentralgovt.are
throughcustomsduty,excisetax,incometaxetc.,whilestategovernmentincomecomesfromsalestax
(VAT),stampdutyetc.
SarkariaCommissionwassetuptoreviewthebalanceofpowerbetweenstatesandtheunion.The
centrecandissolvestategovernmentinfavourofPresident'sruleifnecessary.ThestateofJammuand
KashmirhashigherautonomycomparedtootherstatesbyArticle370.

Contents
1Legislature
1.1Politics
2Executive
3Judiciary
4Seealso
5References

Legislature
Stategovernments'legislaturesarebicameralinsevenstatesandunicameralintherest.Allthemembers
oflowerhouseareelectedforafiveyearterm,andonethirdofthemembersoftheupperhouse,in
bicameralstates,areelectedeverytwoyearsforasixyearterm.
TheIndianConstitutionallowsstatestohaveeitheraunicameralorbicamerallegislature.Astateissaid
tobeunicameralifithasonlyonehouseofparliament.Thenumbersinthebracketsindicatethenumber
ofseatsinthelowerandupperhouserespectively.Mostofthenewerstatesareunicameralandonlya
fewoftheolderstates(6statesoutof28)stillremainbicameral.Inastatewithabicamerallegislature,
thelowerhouseiscalledtheLegislativeAssemblyorVidhanSabhaandtheupperhouseiscalledthe
LegislativeCouncilorVidhanParishad.Bylaw,theupperhousecannotbemorethan1/3thetotalsize
ofthelowerhousebutmusthavemorethan40seats(exceptinthecaseofthestateofJammuand
Kashmirwhichisallowedbyspeciallegislationtohavelessthan40seatsinitsLegislativeCouncil.)
Theupperhouse,VidhanParishad,haslimitedlegislativepowers,andwasprimarilyintendedfor
consultationandcannotholduplegislationpassedbythelowerhouse,theVidhanSabha,formorethan
afewmonths.Thelowerhouse,LegislativeAssembly,iscomposedofmembersdirectlyelectedfrom
individualconstituencieswhiletheupperhouse,theLegislativeCouncil,consistsofmemberselected
bytheLowerHouse,membersnominatedbytheStategovernment,andmemberselectedfromspecially
designatedteacher'sandgraduate'sconstituencies.

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AndhraPradeshabolisheditslegislativecouncilin1984,buthassetupanewlegislativeCouncil
followingelectionsin2007.
State

Legislaturetype Size

WestBengal

Unicameral

295

TamilNadu

Unicameral

234

MadhyaPradesh

Unicameral

231

Rajasthan

Unicameral

200

Gujarat

Unicameral

182

Orissa

Unicameral

147

Kerala

Unicameral

141

Assam

Unicameral

126

Punjab

Unicameral

117

Haryana

Unicameral

90

Chhattisgarh

Unicameral

90

Jharkhand

Unicameral

81

HimachalPradesh Unicameral

68

ArunachalPradesh Unicameral

60

Tripura

Unicameral

60

Nagaland

Unicameral

60

Manipur

Unicameral

60

Meghalaya

Unicameral

60

Goa

Unicameral

40

Mizoram

Unicameral

40

Sikkim

Unicameral

32

Uttarakhand

Unicameral

70

Pondicherry

Unicameral

30

Delhi

Unicameral

70

State

Legislaturetype

Size

UttarPradesh

Bicameral

404+108

Maharashtra

Bicameral

289+78

Bihar

Bicameral

243+75

Karnataka

Bicameral

224+75

JammuandKashmir Bicameral

89+36

AndhraPradesh

Bicameral

175+50[1]

Telangana

Bicameral

119+40

Politics
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ManyregionalpartiesandnationalpartiesareinpowerinstatesofIndia.Coalitioncabinetexistsin
somestates.

Executive
Stateexecutivebranchesareheadedbygovernorsappointedbycentralgovernmentpresidentand
cabinetarealsomembers.Cabinetsizecanbemaximumof15%thenumberoflegislatorsinlower
house,thelawpassedduringVajpayee'scentralgovernment.

Judiciary
StateHighcourtshavejurisdictionoverthewholestate,butreporttotheSupremeCourtofIndia,which
mayoverridethehighcourt'sjudgementsandrulings.

Seealso
ListofcurrentIndianchiefministers
PrincipalSecretary(India)

References
1. ^http://www.aplegislature.org/membersinformation

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