DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,CHENNAI.

BOARD EXAMINATIONS - OCTOBER 2014

ANSWER KEY
SUBJECT: ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY II
COURSE:I YEAR/II SEM

Q.CODE:584
MAX.MARKS:75

PART A (15 X 1 = 15)

Green house gas Methane/ Carbon-dioxide/Water vapour.
(1)
Copper sulphate.
(1)
Incineration Hygienic way of disposing solid wastes.
(1)
Green chemistry pollution prevention by using chemicals that does not produces
harmful substances.
(1)
5. Calorific value of fuel Total quantity of heat energy liberated when unit mass of fuel
is burnt completely.
(1)
6. Water gas composition H2 - 51%, CO 41%, N2 4% and CO2 4%
(1)
7. Mono propellant H2O2 / Hydrazine / Nitro methane
(1)
8. Excess air is the extra amount of air which is require for the combustion of fuel in
an engine because mixture of air and fuel is not homogenous
(1)
9. Tungsten ore Wolframite / Scheelite / Tungstite
(1)
10. Powder Metallurgy manufacturing metallic articles by the heat treatment of
compressed metallic powders.
(1)
11. German Silver composition Cu 50%, Zn- 20%, Ni- 30%.
(1)
12. Garnet Trisilicate of alumina, magnesia ferrous oxide.
(1)
13. Composites types Fine reinforced composites, Particulate composites, Layered composites. (1)
14. Glazing Covering of ceramics with a glossy film of glass forming materials. (1)
15. Refractories Are materials that can withstand very high temperature.
(1)
16. Semi solid lubricant eg Grease
(1)
17. Bakelite Thermosetting Plastic used for making electronic goods.
(1)
18. Glass transition temperature Plastics become an elastomer at a particular
temperature.
(1)
19. Latex Milk extracted from rubber tree which contains 35% rubber.
(1)
20. Addition Sulphur to rubber To make the rubber tough and increase tensile
strength.
(1)
1.
2.
3.
4.

PART B ( 5 x 12 = 60)
21. (a) Ozone Layer :
The protective layer present in the upper layer of atmosphere is called ozone layer. It
prevents UV rays from reaching earth.

(1)

(1)
Harmful Effects of ozone layer depletion: (Any 4 points)

Because of the depletion of ozone layer, more UV radiations enter the earths surface.

They produce skin cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and skin ageing.

They cause cataracts of eyes and visual defects.

Sea food production is decreased.

Earths climate, wind pattern, rainfall are also changed.

It causes DNA mutation that lead to lung cancer.

UV radiation damages crops, leading to crop failure and food storage.

(4)

(b) Eutrophication:
The process of lake aging due to nutrient enrichment (Phosphorous, Nitrate) is called
eutrophication. It is the process by which lakes are enriched by human activity.

(2)

Harmful Effects: (Any 4 points)

When oxygen content in water is low, H2S gas is produced.

(4)

When oxygen content in water is high explosive compounds like nitrates and sulphates
are produced.

It helps algae growth and releases toxic chemicals which kill fishes and aquatic animals.

It causes diseases like cholera, typhoid, jaundice etc.,

Algae block the filters and reduce water flow and affect the production of hydro electric
power.

Algal toxins accumulated in shell fish are harmful to human system.

(c) Recycling:
Recyling is the processing of the discarded materials into new useful products.

(1)

Advantage of Recycling:
(4)
Old Aluminium cans and glass bottles are melted and recast into new cans and bottles.
Preparation of cellulose insulation from paper.
Preparation of automobiles and construction materials from steel cans.
Preparation of fuel pellets from kitchen wastes.
The above process saves money, energy, raw materials and reduce pollution.
(1)
22. (a)Advantages of Gaseous Fuels: (Any 6)

(6)

Very high calorific value.

No ash and no smoke is produced.
Easy transport.
Easy to ignite.
Complete combustion is possible.
Easy to store.
Flame can be easily adjustable.
Can be used as fuel for Internal combustion engine.

(b) Solid Propellants:

Solid Propellants are classified into (i) Homogeneous (ii) Heterogeneous

(2)

Homogeneous Solid Propellants:

A single solid propellants or a mixture of solid propellants thoroughly mixed in a
colloidal state is called homogeneous solid propellant.

(1)

Eg: nitrocellulose + nitroglycerine (Ballistite) or

(1)

nitrocellulose + nitroglycerine + Petroleum jelly

Heterogeneous Solid Propellants:
It contains an oxidizing agent dispersed in a fuel

(1)

Eg : Mixture of potassium per chlorate + asphalt oil or

(1)

Mixture of ammonium per chlorate + resin

(c) Analysis of flue gas using Orsat apparatus:

The constituents of the flue gases should be determined to check the combustion efficiency
of boilers.
(1)
3

Orsat Apparatus construction:

(2)

The unit consists of three flasks A,B and C. Flask A contains Cuprous chloride solution for
absorption of carbon monoxide. Flask B contains Alkaline solution of pyrogallic acid
solution for absorption of oxygen. Flask C contains Potassium hydroxide solution for
absorption of carbon dioxide.
Stop cocks are provided for each flasks. Movable

flask E, which contains water is

connected to bottom of a graduated measuring glass tube D by a rubber tube.

Experiment:

(2)

Stop cocks (a,b,c) are closed. Three cock is opened and 100 cc of flue gas is sucked into the
measuring glass D. After closing the cock, (a) cock is opened. E is adjusted so that flue gas
enters flask A. Carbon monoxide present is absorbed in A. Then by moving E flue gas is
sucked into the glass tube. The concentration in volume of flue gas is noted by reasdding the
level of water in the measuring glass D. This gives the percentage of carbon monoxide
present in flue gas.
The above procedure is repeated into the other two flasks B and C to find the percentage of
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
The percentage of nitrogen is calculated as follows:
percentage of nitrogen = 100 (% of CO+% of O2+ % of CO2)

23. (a) Titanium Extraction:

Titanium extraction from its ore (i) Rutile (ii) IIImenite
4

(1)

Concentration:

Rutile or IIImenite ore is powered and concentrated.

(1)

Concentrated sulphuric acid and water is added to get titanium hydroxide

precipitate

TiO2 + 2H2SO4
Ti (SO4)2 + 3H2O

TiO(OH)2 + 2H2SO4

The above precipitate is heated to get pure titanium dioxide

TiO(OH)2

Ti (SO4)2 + 2H2O

TiO2 + H2O

Titanium dioxide is then heated with carbon in the presence of chlorine to form
titanium tetrachloride.
TiO2 + 2C + 2 Cl2

TiCl4 + 2CO

Krolls reduction process:

The titanium tetrachloride is then heated with sodium at 850C in an inert atmosphere of
argon to give titanium.
TiCl4 + 4 Na

Ti + 4 NaCl

Purification ( Van- Arkal method)

The impure titanium is heated with iodine in the absence of air to get titanium iodide. The
vapours are decomposed by tungsten filament kept at 1400C to give pure titanium.
Ti + 2I2
TiI4

TiI4
Ti + 2I2

(b) Aluminium alloys:

(i) Duralumin
It contains aluminium, copper,magnesium and manganese. Al- 95 %,
Cu 4%, Mg 0.5 % and Mn 0.5%
(1)
Uses:
(2)
To make air craft parts.
To make window frames.
5

(ii) Magnalumin
It contains Aluminium and Magnesium. Al 70 to 90 % and Mg 10 to 30%.
(1)
Uses:
(2)
To make low cost balance.
To make air craft parts.
(c) Emery :
It is mixture of alumina, magnetite.
Its hardness on mohs scale is 7 to 9.
It is used for making emery paper and cloth of various grades.

(1)
(1)
(1)

Types of Emery :
(3)
(i)
Gracian Emery : It contains 85% corundum. It is used for making grinding
wheels.
(ii)
Turkish Emery: It contains 75% corundum. It is used for grinding glass.
(iii) American Emery: It contains 60% corundum. It is used for polishing soft
wood.
24. (a) White Pottery:
White pottery is a glazed or unglazed ceramic material which is white or pale cream
colour after firing. eg. China dish.

(1)

Manufacture of white pottery

(2)

The raw materials china clay, feldspar and quartz are powered. water is added to form a
cream. They are moulded into desired shape and dried and fired in a biscuit oven to get a
porousware called bisque.
Glazing:

(2)

The porousware is dipped into the mixture of quartz, feldspar boric oxide and water. It is
then heated at a high temperature to get a smooth and glossy surface. Due to this the porousware
becomes water proof and decorative.

Decoration:

(1)

Pigments (metal oxides) are added to give desired colour to the porousware and it is
again heated.
Eg. Iron oxide Red colour
24.(b) Classification of refractories and their uses.(2 mark for each refractory)
Types

Example

Uses

1.Acid refractory (2)

Fireclay, silica

Used for lining furnaces

where the charge and slag
are acidic in nature

2.Basic refractory (2)

Bauxite, dolomite

Used for lining furnaces

where the charge and slag
are basic in nature

3.Neutral refractory (2)

Graphite, silicon carbide

Used for lining both the

types of furnaces.

24.(c) Charateristics of a good lubricant. (Any 6, each 1 mark)

1. It should be chemically inert.
2. It should not form emulsion with water.
3. It should not be corrosive.
4. It should not leave carbon residue.
5. It should not evaporate due to heat of friction.
6. It should have high operating range.
7. It should have adequate viscosity and oilness.
8. It should adhere to the surface and prevent corrosion.
9. It should have low setting point.
10. It should have very high flash and fire point.

25.(a) Difference between Thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics

(Any 6, each 1 mark)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Thermoplastics
Soften on heating. sets on
cooling. it can be re -softened.
They are formed by addition
polymerization
Prepared
by
injection
moulding
They are soluble in organic
solvents
Scrap can be used
Thermal expansion is more
Molecules are held by weak
vanderwall force
They resemble glass and
metals on heating
Eg: PVC,Polyethylene

Thermosetting plastics
Sets on heating.it cannot be resoftened.
They are formed by condensation
polymerization
Prepared by compression moulding
They are insoluble in organic solvents
Scrap cannot be used
Thermal expansion is marginal
Molecules are held by strong attractive
force
They resemble cement and ceramics
on heating
Eg:Bakelite,Urea,Formaldehyde

25.(b) Biomaterials.(Any three, each carry 1 mark)

Biomaterials are polymers that can be implanted in human body to provide special
prosthetic function.

(3)

i) Polyurethane:
Used for making artificial heart,heart valves,blood filters etc.
Used for making artificial blood vessels.
ii) Polypropylene:
Used for making artificial heart valves, blood filters
Used for making sterilizable hospital equipments.

iii) PVC
Used for making disposable syringes.
Used for making medical equipments.
iv) Polyethylene
Used for making disposable syringes
Polyethylene bags are used to store blood.

25.(c) (i)Buna-S
Preparation:

(2)

It is obtained by the co-polymerisation of butadiene with styrene in the presence of

sodium as catalyst.
Use: It is used for making car tyres, tubes, conveyor belts, containers for storing
chemicals etc.

(1)

(ii)Neoprene
Preparation:
It is obtained by the polymerization of chloroprene molecules (or) by mining of
acetylene and hydrochloric acid.

(2)

Use: It is used for making pipes, insulators, conveyor belts etc.

(1)

Prepared by
Mr.S.Arivazhagan, M.Sc., B.Ed.,
Division Head,
Lecturer Selection Grade
Department of Chemistry
PSG Polytechnic college,
Coimbatore - 4