DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,CHENNAI.

BOARD EXAMINATIONS - OCTOBER 2014

ANSWER KEY
SUBJECT: ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY I
COURSE: I YEAR/I SEM

Q.CODE:384
MAX.MARKS:75

PART A (15 X 1 = 15)

1. pH+pOH=14 . pOH= 9
2. 1 mole of hydrogen gas = 2.016g
No of hydrogen gas molecules in 1 mole = 6.023x1023 molecules.
3. Gram equivalent mass = 35.5g
4. Molar volume Is defined as volume occupied by one mole of any gas at STP.
5. Diamond
6. Acid dil.HCl
7. Scale Is the hard deposit on the walls of the container.
8. Percentage by mass =
=

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

x 100.
x 100 = 25%.

(1)

9. Excited state Is the higher energy level of an atom.

(1)
10. Chlorophyll - Is the pigments which absorb sunlight and brings out
Photosynthesis
(1)
11. Tyndall effect Is the scattering of light by colloidal particles.
(1)
12. Colloid types - Lyophilic colloids and Lyophobic colloids
(1)
13. Electro-less plating Is the coating of one metal over another metal without using
electric current.
(1)
14. Concentration cell Is the two metal plates in same solution of different
concentration and connected externally.
(1)
15. Functions of solar cell solar energy is converted into electrical energy.
(1)
16. Single electrode potential Is the potential developed when metal is in its
solution.
(1)
17. Paint pigments are present.
Varnish- no pigment.
(1)
18. Sacrificial anode- Zn or Mg.
(1)
19. Pure metal Is in stable state. so doesnot corrode.
(1)
20. Acid dye - Orange-1 or Methyl red.
(1)

PART-B

(5X12=60)

21.a) Formation of ammonia:

The hydrogen atom(1) has one valence electron in outer most orbit.

(1)

The nitrogen atom has(2,5) has 5 valence electron in outer most orbit.

(1)

Covalent bonding is formed by mutual sharing of electrons between hydrogen and nitrogen
atoms, each atom contributing one electron for sharing.
(1)

(1)
In the above reaction, nitrogen atom contributing 3 electron and three hydrogen atom
contributing 3 electron for the formation of 3 covalent bonds.
(2)
b) Relationship between molecular mass and vapour density of the gas:
Derivation:
Vapour density =

at STP

Let certain volume of gas contains n molecules. We get,

Vapour density =

(2)

When n=1,
Vapour density =
One molecule of Hydrogen contains 2 atoms
Vapour density =

(2)

2x Vapour density = Molecular mass

(2)

c) Equivalent mass by oxide method (Direct method)

This method is used to determine the equivalent mass metals like magnesium and
calcium
Metal + air ---> metal oxide
(w1) oxygen
(w2)
2

The principle of this method is used to find the mass of the metal that would combine
with 8 parts by mass of oxygen directly.
Equivalent mass of the metal =

x 8.

(2)

Procedure
1.
A clean dry crucible with lid is weighed as w1gm.
2.
A piece of the given metal (magnesium) is placed in the crucible and
weighed as w2 gm.
3.
The lid is slightly opened and the crucible is strongly heated to get metal oxide.
4.
The crucible is cooled to room temperature and weighed. Heating,cooling and
weighing are repeated till a constant mass is obtained.Then the equivalent mass of the
metal is calculated as follows.
(2)
Calculations
1. Mass of the empty crucible = w1gm
2. Mass of the crucible + metal = w2 gm
3. Mass of the crucible + metal oxide = w3 gm
4. Mass of the metal = (w2-w1) gm
5. Mass of oxygen = (w3-w4) gm
Equivalent mass of metal =

x8

x8

(2)

22.a) Mass of sodium hydroxide = 4g

Mass of water

= 18g

(i) Molality =

(1)

No.of moles of solute =

=
Molality =

=0.1g

= 5.55 m

(1)

(ii) Mole fraction of NaOH:

Mole fraction of solute =

(1)
3

Mole fraction of NaOH=

= 0.1818

(1)

(iii) Mole fraction of water:

Mole fraction of solvent =
Mole fraction of water =

(1)
= 0.8181

(1)

b) Estimation of total hardness of water by EDTA method

EDTA-Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid
(1)
Burette solution std.EDTA solution
Pipette solution -20ml of hard water( 2ml of ammonia buffer solution is added to
maintain pH 7 to 9)
Indicator-Erichrome black T (Blue colour)
(1)
Hardwater becomes wine red colour after the addition of EBT
End point-Appearance of steel blue colour
(1)
The titration is repeated to get concordant titre value.
Calculation:
Volume of EDTA
= V ml
Volume of Hard water
=20 ml
1 ml of 0.01 M EDTA
= 1 mg of CaCO3
(1)
V ml of 0.01 M EDTA
= V mg of CaCO3
20 ml of hard water contains =

X 1000

=50 V MG/L (OR) 50V PPM

(1)
(1)

c) (i) Caustic embrittlement:

Corrosion which occurs at the hair cracks and those places which are under stress
Such as riveted joint in a boiler is called caustic embrittlement.
(1)
It is caused by carbonate and bicarbonates of alkali metals,sodium hydroxide and sodium
silicate.
(1)
This problem may be minimized by proper design and construction and maintaining
correct Ph value of the water and controlling the free sodium hydroxide in the boiler
water.
(1)
(ii) BCC
In this case, the unit cell contains one atom at each of its 8 corners and another one atom
at the body center.
Therefore, the total no. of atoms per unit cell is 2. ((1/8 x 8) + 1 = 2)
(1)
Co-ordination number is 8.
(1)
4

(1)

23) a) Difference between true solution and colloidal solution

S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6

True Solution
Homogenous
Particle Size is small(10-7 cm)
No tyndall effect
Not filtered through ultrafilters
No electrophorosis
No brownian movement

(6)

Colloidal Solution
Heterogenous
Particle size is big (10-7-10-5)
Exhibit tyndall effect
filtered through ultrafilters
Exhibit electrophoresis
Exhibit brownian movement

(b)Applications of nano particles

Medicine : (Any two points)

(2)

1. Nano materials are used for drug delivery.

2. To identify specific disease causing micro-organisms.
3. In tissue engineering to reproduce or repair damaged tissue.
4. Currently research is done to use nanotechnology in the treatment of cancer.
Electronics: (Any two points)

(2)

1. To create high storage memory devices.

2. In bringing down the size of transistors which are a basic part of any electronic
design.
3. In revolutionizing the electronic video display units industry.

Bio materials: (Any two points)

(2)

1. Nanometer sized materials that are similar to natural healthy bone are now used as
bone substitutes.
2. Some nano-particle polymer materials can be stretched up to 200% of its original
size. These can be used as material to perform the functioning of the heart and lung
tissues.
3. Sensitivity and performance of biosensor can be improved by using nanomaterials.
(c) Industrial Applications of Colloids: (Any Three, Each 2 marks)
1) Smoke Precipitation by Cottrells Method:
Smoke is a colloid containing carbon in air. The carbon particles are precipitated by
Cottrells apparatus and can be removed.
2) Purification of drinking Water:
Alum, when added to drinking Water precipitates colloidal impurities.
3) Cleaning action of soap:
Soap solution is a colloid. It washes away the greasy and oily materials.
4) Tanning:
Tannin is a negatively charged colloid. When positively charged animal skin is soaked in
tannin, charges are neutralized and skin becomes hard.
5) Colloidal medicines:
They are easily absorbed by the body tissues.
6) Sewage Disposal:
Sewage, when precipitated can be converted into manure.
24.(a) Construction and working of a dry cell
Construction
Anode Zinc
Cathode- Carbon rod
Electrolyte- NH4Cl,Zn Cl2 and MnO2 paste

Ammonium chloride,zinc chloride,Manganese dioxide,carbon powder are made into

paste using starch. This mixture is placed in the zinc container. A carbon rod cathode
with a metallic cap is placed at the centre.
(3)
Working

(2)

Cathodic reaction At cathode MnO2 is reduced to MnO2O3

2 MnO2 + H2O+2 e- --> Mn2O3 + 2 [OH-]
A thin zinc container serves as the anode and it undergoes oxidation.
Anodic reaction
Zn ---> Zn2+ + 2eOverall reaction
Zn+ 2 MnO2--> ZnO+ Mn2O3
Diagram

(1)

(b) Chrome plating:

The process of coating chromium over a base metal by electrolysis is called
chromium plating.
(1)
Cathode
- Iron
Anode
- Lead
Electrolyte
- chromic acid + sulphuric acid
When D.C current is passed through the electrolyte, chromium coating over iron is
formed.
(1)
Coating depends on time, temperature and concentration of electrolyte.
(1)

(c) Eletrolytes:
Substances which conduct electric current in the fused state or in solution are called
electrolytes.
(1)
Eg: NaCl solution, CuSO4 solution.

(1)

They are classified as non-electrolytes, strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes

(1)

Non-electrolytes:
Substances which do not conduct electric current in the fused state or in solution are called
non-electrolytes. Eg: Alcohol, Sugar solution.
(1)
Strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes:
Electrolyte that ionize almost completely in aqueous solution are called strong electrolyte.
Eg: NaCl solution, CuSO4 solution.

(1)

Electrolyte that ionize only partially in aqueous solution are called weak electrolyte.
Eg: Ammonium hydroxide, acetic acid.

(1)

25.(a)Formation of Galvanic cell

Formation of Galvanic cell

(2)

The metal to be corroded acts as medium(iron)

Some other metals present in the environment act as cathode.
Moisture present in the environment act as electrolyte.
These three form a galvanic cell and corrosion takes place at anode-iron.

Anodic reaction with example

(2)

Fe ---> Fe2+ + 2e- (oxidation)

Fe2+ + 2OH- ---> Fe(OH)2 ---> Fe(OH)3 ---> Fe2 O3
cathodic reaction
2H+ + 2 e- ---> H2

(2)
(reduction)

(b) Galvanisation:
Process of Coating of zinc over iron is called galvanizing.

(2)

Tinning:
Process of Coating of thin layer of tin over the metal is called tinning.

(2)
(2)

Galvanisation
Tinning
Galvanised utensils are not used for Tinning container can be used for
storing food.
storing food.
Zinc protects iron if the coating is Corrosion of base metal occurs when
damaged.
tin coating is damaged.
(c) i)Cement Paint:
A mixture of white cement , lime, pigment, filler and water repellent is called cement
paint.

(2)

It is usually applied over masonry surfaces as a water proofing.

(1)

Eg: Snowcem
ii) Distemper:
It is a water paint. It is a mixture of chalk powder, glue and pigments dissolved in water.
(2)
It is cheap, durable and easy interior finish
(1)
Prepared by
Mr.S.Arivazhagan, M.Sc., B.Ed.,
Division Head,
Lecturer Selection Grade
Department of Chemistry
PSG Polytechnic College,

Coimbatore - 4
9