Evaluation of Anti-Microbial activity of Palladhagi legium

Revathi*, Tamizharasan, Aruljothi

1.Department of pharmacology, Sivaraj siddha medical college Salem.
2. Department III rd year BSMS, Sivaraj siddha medical college Salem.
3. Department of Siruppu maruthuvam, Sivaraj siddha medical college Salem.

ABSTRACT:To assess the efficacy of antimicrobial activity of pallathagi legium. The antibacterial and
antifungal activity of palladhagi legium was carried out by agar well diffusion method. The
result shows a significant inhibition for

Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi , Shigella

flexneri, Xanthomonas maltophilia, Proteus vulgeris,

Chromobacterium

violaecum ,Staphylococci aureus, Staphylococci albus and Candida albicans. Palladhagi

legium previously have the literature evidence and showed efficient for the following
diseases like piles, respiratory diseases,arthritis,cardiovascular diseases, and ear
infections.This formulation can be further subjected
to cell line studies.
KEYWORDS:
Semecarpus anacardium, anti microbial, agar well diffusion method

INTRODUCTION:The knowledge of herbal medicines now a day spreads world wide . A variety of preparations
with herbs either in single form or compound form, purifed forms are used to treat diseases
challanging against moderm aspect.
Semecarpus anacardium (family: Anacardiaceae) is distributed in sub- Himalayan region,
tropical of gentral part of india. Its common name is marking nut, vernacular Bhilwa. It is a
well known plant in siddha& Ayurvedha system of medicine [1 ]

Botanical description:Semecarpus anacardium

Taxonomical classification:
Kigdom- Plantae
Sub kingdom Tracheobionta
Super division- spermatophyta
Division Magnoliophyta
Class - Magnoliopsida.
Sub class- Rosidae.
Order Sapindales.
Family Anacardiaceae

Genus Seme carpus.

Species Anacardium [2]
Parts used : nuts
Actions : Alterative, caustic.
Properties:
It has the property to cure piles, vaatha and skin disease.[3]
Phyto Chemical:
Anacardic acid, cardol, catechol, anacardol, Semecarpal, bhilwanol.[4]
Uses:
This is very useful in piles. A compound of sesamum seeds, chebulic myrabolans,
anacardium fruits, equal parts bruised made into a paste and are used in piles and anaemia.
[5]
Terminalia chebula.
Taxonomical classification:
Kingdom plantae
Order myrtales
Family combretaceae
Genus Terminalia
Species T. Chebula.[6]
Parts used: Tender fruit.
Actions : Gentle laxative, astringent & alterative.[3]
Properties: It has the property to cure constipation, inflammations and piles.[7]
Uses
The tender fruit of Terminalia when given with castor oil will cure constipation and irritation
around the anus.[8]
Phyto Chemicals:
Chebulenic acid, tannic acid (20-40%) gallicacid, nature anthraquinone.[9]
Sesamum indicum.
Taxonomical classification
Kingdom plantae
Order lamiales
Family pedaliaceae
Genes sesamum
Species S. indicum[10]
Part used: seeds
Action : Emmenagogue,stimulant,diruretic, tonic, laxative.[3]
Properties:

It has the property to cure piles and relieve constipation[3]

Phyto Chemicals:
Aflavonoid, glucoside, pedalin.[9]
Uses:
These seeds are used for piles in the form of decoction and it also has demulcent action.[4]
Saccharum officinarum
Taxonomical classification:Kingdom plantae
Order poales
Family poaceae.
Sub family panicoideae
Genes - Saccharum
Species S. officinarum[11]
Parts uses: Stem-sugar
Action : Demulcent and antiseptic.[3]
Since sugar has demulcent action it is used to reduce the heat which is predominant in piles.
[5]

2.Materials and methods :2.1.Collection of materials:

Semecarpus anacardium.

Terminalia chebula.

Sesamum indicum.

Saccharum officinarum.

Semecarpus anacardium nuts were collected from the foot hills of yercaurd and the
remaining raw drugs were collected from the familial raw drugs store in Salem district. The
above drugs were authenticated and deposited in herbarium in Sivaraj Siddha medical
college salem.
Purification of preparation Ingredients
The following drugs are purified according to standard siddha text literature
Purification of semecarpus anacardium.
Purification of Terminalia chebula.
Purification of Sesum indicum.
Purification of Sugar.
All the above Ingredients were powdered separately and finely it is made in to the form of a
bolus [12]
Microbiological study of the trial medicine palladhagi Legium

Preparation of Extract.
To 5 grams of palladhagi Legium, 50ml of water was added and left in a boiling water bath
for 20minutes and then filtered. The extract of the drug was tested with the following micro
organisms.

palladhagi Legium

Gram Positive organisms

Gram Negative Organisms

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Streptococci pyogens.
Staphylococci aureus
Staphylococci albus
Candida albicans

Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi
Shigella flexneri
Proteus vulgaris
Chromobacterium violaceum
Xanthomonas maltophilia

Procedure : Agar well method (Cup plate method)

Anti Baterial Screening:The drug palladhagi legium extract (500, 1000 l/disc in concentration)
Was tested for anti microbial activity using agar disc diffusion assay according to the method
of Bauer et al. 1996, the strains of micro organisms obtained were inoculated in conical flask
containing 100ml fo nutrient broth. These conical flasks were incubated at 37 C for 24
hours and were referred to as seeded broth. Media were prepared using Mullar Hinton agar
(Himedia, Mumbai, India) Poured on petri dishes and inoculated with the test organisms from
the seeded broth using cotton swabs. Sterile discs of 6 millimeter width had been
impregnated with 20ml of test extract and introduced into the upper layer of the seeded
agar plate. The plates were incubated over night at 37 C anti bacterial and anti fungal
activity was assigned by measuring the inhibition zone formed around the discs.

Anti Fungal Screening:Sabouauds dextrose agar medium was prepared. 100 l of candida albicans was gently
spread on the medium plate.
Well was made using well cutter.
100ml of samples were loaded (Alcoholic extract)
Incubated at 37C for 48 hours.
Zone of inhibition was measured using Himedia zone of inhibition scale results.

Anti Bacterial:The trial drugs palladhagi legium shows high sensivity to Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi,
Shigella flexneri, Xanthomonas Maltophilia, Staphlococci aureus, Staphylococci albus and
shows moderate sensitivity to proteus vulgaris, Chromobacterium violaceum, Streprococci
pyogens.

Organism Used
Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi
Shigella flexneri
Xanthomonas maltophilia
Proteus vulgaris
Chromobacterium violaecum
Streptococci pyogens
Staphylococci aureus
Staphylococci albus

Escherichia coli

Zone of inhibition(mm)
Palladhagi Legium
500l
1000l
18
18

19
18

20

20

18
17
16
16
18
18

19
17
16
18
19
19

Salmonella typhi

Shigella

flexneri

Xanthomonas maltophilia

Proteus vulgaris

violaecum

Staphylococci aureus

Staphylococci albus

Chromobacterium

Anti fungal:The trial drugs palladhagi legium shows high sensivity to Candida albicans.
Note palladhaghi legium low dose, , palladhaghi legium high dose given in figure.

Organism

Zone of inhibition(mm)
Palladhagi Legium
500 l
1000 l

Used
Candida

20

20

albicans
Candida albicans

Conclusion and discussions:

From the above study, it is revealed that the antimicrobial activity of palladhagi legium
showed significant activity of both bacteria and fungi. From this conclusion we can get a
new lead to proceed further activities,to cure piles, respiratory
diseases,arthritis,cardiovascular diseases, and ear infections.

Examples:
Reference to a journal:

1. PMC Pharmacogn Rev 2010 Jan. A review mona semalty, Ajay Semalty .. and M.S.M.
Rawat.
2. Patel, Sanjay R. In vitro cytotoxicity activity of Semecarpus anacardium Extract against Hep
2 cell line and Vero cell line. International journal of Pharma Tech Research. Spinx.
Retrieved 18 June 2013.
3. Gunapadam I mooligai vagupppu.
4. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants.
5. Indian Materia Medica.
6. The distribution of Myrobalanitannin. The Biochemical journal 39(5): 390-392
PMID 21020785
7. Indian Medicinal Plant
8. Pathaartha Guna chinthaamani
9. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants.
10. Raghav Ram, David Catlin, Juan Romero, and Craig Cowley (1990) Sesame: New approaches
for crop improement Purdue university.
11. Saccharum officinarum. Kew Royal Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2012-09-21
12. Sarabeenthera vaithiya Muraigal, Soolai, Moolam, kushtam, pittha rogam mudalana
Sigicchai.