Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
28 2
Apr2005
Vol
28 No
2
Gao Lili
Wuhan University
Abstract
The present research a case study analyzes the
IIntroduction
76
CELEA Journal 60
IIResearch Background
Based on
behaviorist psychology and
structural linguistics Fries 1945 and Lado
1957 put forward the Contrastive Analysis
HypothesisCAH by co m paring similarities and
differences between the learner s NL and the TL
They held that positive transference will occur and
language learning will be facilitated w hen the NL
rule is similar to that of TL but if a TL feature
doesn t exist in the learner s NL
learning will be
im pededFor exa m ple
as predicted by the CAH
final voiced stops don t exist in Chinese thus a
Chinese learner will have great proble ms with
w ords with final voiced stops especially for the
beginners w ho tend to add a vowel sound
pronouncing
bukas
buk
learners of psycho
linguistics
p14
So m e research w ork on the basis of CA and
EA was found related to the NL phonetics and
phonology influence on the TL pronunciation
Moulton 1962 m ade a contrastive study of the
pronunciation errors of students learning Germ an
In analyzing English and Germ an Moulton
classified the range of L2 seg m ental involving
sounds errors into four categories phone mic
errors phonetic errors allophonic errors and
distributional errors Moulton s error taxono m y
based on CA helped Germ an teachers to
understand not only how these pronunciation
errors were m ade but also w hy they were m ade
As Moulton concluded only w hen the w hyof
the mistakes has been discovered willit be possible
to design useful corrective exercises
101
1962
Pronunciation Difficulties Analysis A Case Study Using Native Language Linguistic Background to
Gao Lili
CELEA Journal 60
Tutor T
What Sank you or thank you
Zh
Oh I a m sorrytapping her head
Sank you Sank you
Pronunciation Difficulties Analysis A Case Study Using Native Language Linguistic Background to
Gao Lili
She learnsandHe
do in reading in Chinese
begins
The
2
0
1
Consonant Initials
transcribed sentence showed that she had gave too
Clusters
Finals
17
13
m any pauses in her utterance
in other w ord she
Word Stress
12
1
had separated w ords rather than linking the m
80
CELEA Journal 60
Types of Errors
Nu m bers
Percentage
Sentence Stress
16
12
17
13
Intonation
0
6
Pronunciation Difficulties Analysis A Case Study Using Native Language Linguistic Background to
Gao Lili
CELEA Journal 60
Pronunciation Difficulties Analysis A Case Study Using Native Language Linguistic Background to
Gao Lili
Notes
1The subject s name is fictitious to protect
anony mity
2Pronunciation questions 5 to 9 are adapted fro m
Bo wen Mark s pronunciation questionnaire
1992
3The recording is transcribed by using conventions
offered by Sorace Grass and Selinker 1994
201
micropauses2 seconds
3
pauses of a greater length
sound
stretches
a falling intonation
a
rising intonation w ords or parts of w ords
underlined louder volu me and major stress in
the sentence
4It is a pronunciation self
im proving method
suggested to the tutee by Helen Huntley
the IET
director of WVU and a TESOL expert During
the tutoring program
the subject was encouraged
to write regular reflection journals about her
progress on pronunciation each weekThe journal
includes her weekly specific pronunciation
proble m the short description of a proble m
solving strategy suggested by the tutor and her
reflection about that strategy
5The even tone is used in an une m otional
state ment w hich contains a co m ma
a colon
or a
period The quickly and directly rising tone is
used in an inquiring sentence with a question
markThe falling tone is used in a doubtful and
hesitating sentence or an e m phasized state ment
usually ending in an exclamation mark
References
Adams C 1979English Speech Rhythm andthe Foreign
LearnerNew York Mouton Publishers
Avery P S Ehrlich eds
1992 Teaching
American
English
Pronunciation Oxford
University Press
Bo wen J D H Madsen A Hilferty1985
84