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MULTIPLE CHOICE.

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
Use the following information to answer the questions below. Thomas Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae
with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light.
He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest
groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
1) What did he conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?
A) Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths.
B) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light.
C) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis.
D) Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas.
E) Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released.
2) An outcome of this experiment was to help determine
A) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the oxygen released during photosynthesis.
B) the relationship between heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms.
C) the relationship between the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis.
D) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration.
E) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released.
3) If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predict?
A) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration.
B) There would be no difference in results.
C) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water.
D) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments.
E) The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration.
4) Organisms that can exist on light and an inorganic form of carbon and other raw materials
A) are best classified as decomposers.
B) are called photoautotrophs.
C) do not exist in nature.
D) are called heterotrophs.
E) are both C and D.
5) Organisms that metabolize organic molecules produced by other organisms
A) are heterotrophs.
B) are autotrophs.
C) are decomposers.
D) are B and C.
E) are A, B, and C.
6) The early suggestion that the oxygen (O2) liberated from plants during photosynthesis comes from water was
A) made following the discovery of photorespiration because of rubisco's sensitivity to oxygen.
B) A, B, and C.
C) confirmed by experiments using oxygen-18 (18O).
D) first published by Melvin Calvin, who also discovered the Calvin cycle.
E) A and B.
7) Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A) H2O and O2
B) electrons and H+
C) CO2 and glucose

D) ADP, Pi, and NADP+


E) ATP and NADP
8) A new flower species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow.
What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment?
A) red and yellow
B) blue and violet
C) blue, green, and red
D) green, blue, and violet
E) green and yellow
9) The color of light least effective in driving photosynthesis is
A) orange. B) yellow. C) red. D) green. E) blue.

Figure 10.1
10) Figure 10.1 shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why
are they different?
A) Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments.
B) Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths.
C) The two lines are probably the result of inaccurate measurements.
D) Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a.
E) Anaerobic bacteria probably interfered with light absorption.
11) The reaction-center chlorophyll of photosystem I is known as P700 because
A) this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm.
B) there are 700 chlorophyll molecules in the center.
C) it absorbs 700 photons per minute.
D) there are 700 photosystem I components to each chloroplast.
12) All of the events listed below occur in the energy-capturing light reactions of photosynthesis except
A) light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.
B) carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA.
C) oxygen is produced.
D) NADP+ is reduced to NADPH.
E) ADP is phosphorylated to yield ATP.
13) In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?

A) to split water and release oxygen to the reaction-center chlorophyll


B) to pass electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH
C) to harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll
D) to concentrate photons inside the stroma
E) to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi
14) The following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are all true except:
A) ATP is generated by photophosphorylation.
B) RUBP carboxylase is activated by photons.
C) Electrons are transferred from water to NADP to power of (+).
D) The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons.
E) Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy, which excites electrons.
15) What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A) to use ATP to make glucose
B) to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water
C) to produce NADPH used in respiration
D) to convert light energy to the chemical energy of PGAL
E) to produce ATP and NADPH
16) Because bundle-sheath cells are relatively protected from atmospheric oxygen, the level of __________ is held
to a minimum in C4 plants.
A) photosynthesis
B) glycolysis
C) oxidative phosphorylation
D) photorespiration
E) decarboxylation of malic acid
17) Which of the following statements regarding events in the functioning of photosystem II is false?
A) The splitting of water yields molecular oxygen as a by-product.
B) The excitation is passed along to a molecule of P680 chlorophyll in the photosynthetic unit.
C) The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to NADPH, which is thus converted to NADP +.
D) The electron vacancies in P680 are filled by electrons derived from water.
E) Light energy excites electrons in an antenna pigment in a photosynthetic unit.
18) All of the following are directly associated with photosystem II except
A) P680.
B) photolysis.
C) photophosphorylation.
D) harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll.
E) release of oxygen.
19) All of the following are directly associated with photosystem I except
A) P700.
B) receiving electrons from plastocyanin.
C) harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll.
D) passing electrons to ferredoxin.
E) photolysis.
20) What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle?
A) electrons and photons
B) oxygen and carbon dioxide
C) carbon dioxide and RuBP
D) water and carbon
E) ATP and NADPH

21) Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best
way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be
A) to do experiments to generate an action spectrum.
B) to test for liberation of O2 in the light.
C) to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts.
D) to test for CO2 fixation in the dark.
E) to test for production of either sucrose or starch.
22) Cyclic electron flow in the chloroplast produces
A) A, B, and C.
B) NADPH.
C) glucose.
D) A and B.
E) ATP.
23) As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour.
You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. Where did the extra ATP
molecules come from?
A) cyclic electron flow
B) chlorophyll
C) photosystem I
D) noncyclic electron flow
E) photosystem II
24) Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the
stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?
A) the synthesis of ATP
B) the reduction of NADP+
C) the splitting of water
D) the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
E) the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I
25) In plant cells, ATP is made in response to light. An electron transport chain is involved. This electron transport
chain is found in the
A) thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
B) matrix of mitochondria.
C) stroma of chloroplasts.
D) inner membrane of mitochondria.
E) cytoplasm.
26) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A) Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic.
B) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it.
C) Respiration is the exact reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis.
D) ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration.
E) Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
27) The chemiosomotic process in chloroplasts involves the
A) diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane.
B) reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose by NADPH and ATP.
C) oxidation of water to produce ATP energy.
D) movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma.
E) establishment of a proton gradient.

28) Noncyclic photophosphorylation uses light energy to synthesize


A) ADP and ATP.
B) ATP and P700.
C) P700 and P680.
D) ATP and NADPH.
E) ADP and NADP.
29) In a plant cell, where is ATP synthase located?
A) thylakoid membrane
B) plasma membrane
C) inner mitochondrial membrane
D) A and C
E) A, B, and C
30) Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin
cycle?
A) The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle supplies the light
reactions with sugars to produce ATP.
B) The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, P i, and NADP+ to
the light reactions.
C) There is no relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
D) The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for electron flow, and the Calvin cycle provides the
light reactions with water to split.
E) The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the cycle
provides water and electrons to the light reactions.
31) In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in
chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from
A) the stroma to the chlorophyll.
B) the light reactions to the Calvin cycle.
C) the stroma into the thylakoid compartment.
D) the intermembrane space to the matrix.
E) the matrix to the stroma.
32) The Calvin cycle requires all of the following molecules except
A) CO2. B) NADPH. C) ATP. D) RuBP. E) glucose.
33) All of the following statements are true except:
A) Glyceraldehyde phosphate is produced only in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
B) When chlorophyll is reduced, it gains electrons.
C) The light reactions of photosynthesis provide the energy for the Calvin cycle.
D) The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from water.
E) Thylakoid membranes contain the photosynthetic pigments.
34) Which of the following is (are) true of the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase?
A) A and C are true.
B) It catalyzes a phosphorylation reaction.
C) It participates in the Calvin cycle.
D) A, B, and C are true.
E) It has an affinity for both O2 and CO2.
35) All of the following statements are correct regarding the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis except:
A) The energy source utilized is the ATP and NADPH obtained through the light reaction.
B) The 5-carbon sugar RuBP is constantly being regenerated.
C) These reactions begin soon after sundown and end before sunrise.

D) One of the end products is glyceraldehyde phosphate.


36) If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO 2 synthesized with heavy oxygen (18O), later analysis
will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the algae contain the 18O label. That one
exception is
A) glucose. B) RuBP. C) PGAL. D) O2. E) PGA.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Refer to the following choices to answer the following questions. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or
not at all. Indicate whether the following events occur during
A.
B.
C.
D.

photosynthesis
respiration
both photosynthesis and respiration
neither photosynthesis nor respiration

37) synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism


38) oxidation of water
39) reduction of NADP+
40) CO2 fixation
41) electron flow along a cytochrome chain
42) oxidative phosphorylation
43) generation of proton gradients across membranes
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
44) In green plants, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to
A) transport RuBP out of the chloroplast.
B) use ATP to release carbon dioxide.
C) split water and release oxygen.
D) construct simple sugars from carbon dioxide.
E) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
For the following questions, compare the light reactions with the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis in plants.
Use the following key:
A.
C.
E.

light reactions alone B. the Calvin cycle alone


both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D. neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle
occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis

45) produces molecular oxygen (O2)


46) forms a proton gradient
47) requires ATP
48) requires ADP

49) produces NADH


50) produces NADPH
51) produces triose sugars
52) inactive in the dark
53) requires CO2
54) requires glucose
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
55) The three substrates (normal reactants) for the enzyme RuBP carboxylase/oxidase (rubisco) are
A) triose-P, glucose, and CO2.
B) RuBP, ATP, and NADPH.
C) CO2, glucose, and RuBP.
D) CO2, O2, and RuBP.
E) RuBP, CO2, and ATP.
56) Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by removing which of the following from the Calvin
cycle?
A) glyceraldehyde phosphate molecules
B) RuBP carboxylase molecules
C) ribulose bisphosphate molecules
D) carbon dioxide molecules
E) ATP molecules
57) Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?
A) They exclude oxygen from their tissues.
B) They do not participate in the Calvin cycle.
C) They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2.
D) They conserve water more efficiently.
E) They are adapted to cold, wet climates.
58) In C4 photosynthesis, carbon fixation takes place in the __________ cells, and then is transferred as malic or
aspartic acid to __________ cells, where carbon dioxide is released for entry into the Calvin cycle.
A) epidermal ... mesophyll
B) stomatal ... mesophyll
C) stomatal ... epidermal
D) mesophyll ... bundle-sheath
E) bundle-sheath ... epidermal
59) CAM plants can keep stomates closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they
A) fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells.
B) use photosystems I and II at night.
C) fix CO2 into pyruvic acid in the mesophyll cells.
D) use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO 2.
E) fix CO2 into organic acids during the night.

Figure 10.2
60) Which of the following statements is true concerning the diagram in Figure 10.2?
A) It represents the type of photosynthesis found in most aquatic plants.
B) It represents the kinds of cells found in conifers from cold, wet climates.
C) It represents some of the events of C4 photosynthesis.
D) Two of the above statements are true.
E) All of the above statements are true.
61) Referring to Figure 10.2, oxygen would inhibit the CO 2 fixation reactions in
A) cell I during the night and cell II during the day.
B) cell II only.
C) both cell I and cell II.
D) neither cell I nor cell II.
E) cell I only.
62) In an experiment studying photosynthesis performed during the day, you provide a plant with radioactive
carbon (14C) dioxide as a metabolic tracer. The 14C is incorporated first into oxaloacetic acid. The plant is best
characterized as a
A) CAM plant.
B) C4 plant.
C) heterotroph.
D) C3 plant.
E) chemoautotroph.
63) Plants that fix CO2 into organic acids at night when the stoma are open and carry out the Calvin cycle during
the day when the stoma are closed are called
A) C3 plants.
B) CAM plants.
C) C4 plants.
D) A and B.
E) A, B, and C.
64) Where does the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis take place?
A) outer membrane of the chloroplast
B) cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast

C) stroma of the chloroplast


D) thylakoid membrane
E) chlorophyll molecule

1) Answer: E
2) Answer: A
3) Answer: D
4) Answer: B
5) Answer: E
6) Answer: C
7) Answer: E
8) Answer: A
9) Answer: D
10) Answer: D
11) Answer: A
12) Answer: B
13) Answer: C
14) Answer: B
15) Answer: E
16) Answer: D
17) Answer: C
18) Answer: C
19) Answer: E
20) Answer: E
21) Answer: B
22) Answer: E
23) Answer: A
24) Answer: A
25) Answer: A
26) Answer: B
27) Answer: E
28) Answer: D

29) Answer: D
30) Answer: B
31) Answer: C
32) Answer: E
33) Answer: A
34) Answer: A
35) Answer: C
36) Answer: D
37) Answer: C
38) Answer: A
39) Answer: A
40) Answer: A
41) Answer: B
42) Answer: B
43) Answer: C
44) Answer: D
45) Answer: A
46) Answer: B
47) Answer: B
48) Answer: A
49) Answer: D
50) Answer: A
51) Answer: B
52) Answer: C
53) Answer: B
54) Answer: D
55) Answer: D
56) Answer: C

57) Answer: C
58) Answer: D
59) Answer: E
60) Answer: C
61) Answer: B
62) Answer: B
63) Answer: B
64) Answer: C

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