VESPEL

USING VESPEL BEARINGS

DESIGN AND TECHNICAL DATA

Putting VESPEL* to
work in your system
DuPont VESPEL SP polyimide
bearings have been hard at work
for more than twenty years, keeping equipment running longer
and with less maintenance than
conventional bearing materials.
VESPEL bearings are the costeffective choice in thousands of
applications, because theyre
tough and lightweight, and resist
wear and creepeven at extremes of temperature. They
can outperform metals and other
engineering plastics under a
wide range of conditions.
The design guide is provided
to help you choose the VESPEL
bearing that is best suited to your
application. Inside you will find:
general information about
bearing design;
a method for determining
pressure-velocity (PV) loading
in your application;
guidelines for selecting the
correct SP polyimide for PV
loadings found in practice;
considerations for use in the
design of VESPEL bearings; and
a sample bearing design
problem.
If you have any questions on
bearings that are not answered in
this brochure, contact your local
VESPEL sales engineer or the
sales office nearest you.

* DuPont registered trademark for

polyimide parts and machining stock.

Table of Contents
2&3

VESPEL Bearings vs. Other Materials

How To Choose a Bearing Material

PV LoadingA Prime Factor in Material Selection

Determining Your PV Requirements

PV Limits of Unlubricated Bearing Materials

5
6

Designing VESPEL Bearings

Effects of Surface Temperature on Wear Characteristics

Wear Transition Temperature

Frictional Behavior

Mating Material and Surface Finish

Lubrication and Other Bearing Design Considerations

Proportions

10

Running Clearances for Journal Bearings

10

Wall Thickness for Journal Bearings

11

Installation of Journal Bearings

11
12 & 13

Sample Design Problem

VESPEL Bearings vs. Other Materials

The ability of a bearing to perform in a given application depends,
in general, on:
the operating environment, including temperature and lubrication
load or pressure on the bearing surface
sliding velocity of the mating surface relative to the bearing
hardness and finish of the mating surface
frictional behavior of the bearing material
thickness of the bearing material combined with the materials ability
to dissipate heat of friction.
VESPEL parts, made from DuPonts SP polyimide resins, perform
well with or without lubrication under conditions that destroy most other
plastics and cause severe wear in most metals. VESPEL bearings
reduce or eliminate problems with abrasion, corrosion, adhesion,
fatigue and wear that plague conventional bearing materials, especially
when used without lubricants.
VESPEL bearings can accommodate higher pressure-velocity (PV)
loading than most high-performance engineering plastics. In addition,
VESPEL bearings excel over a wide range of temperatures and
stresses because they retain their outstanding creep resistance, abrasion resistance and strength. They have performed successfully in the
following adverse environments:
air and inert gases at 700F (371C)
gamma and electron beam radiation
high vacuum (1010 torr)
hydraulic fluids and jet fuels
liquid hydrogen

Unlike ordinary ball, needle and roller bearings, VESPEL* bearings:

need no external lubrication
perform at temperatures where lubricants break down
perform well in dirty environments
can reduce noise, weight and costs

Compared with bronze, brass and porous metal bearings, VESPEL

bearings:
extend the life of other components by eliminating metal-to-metal
wear
withstand combinations of temperature, prssure and surface
velocity beyond the reach of unlubricated metals
resist creep and poundout
eliminate problems of lubricant loss in the presence of paper dust
or lint

Compared with other polymer bearings, VESPEL bearings:

perform at temperatures, pressures and surface velocities that
other plastics cannot survive
increase creep and poundout resistance
machine like brass and hold tighter tolerances

How to Choose a Bearing Material

PV LoadingA Prime Factor
in Material Selection

Determining Your PV
Requirements

PV is the product of load or pressure

(P) and sliding velocity (V). A plastic
bearing subjected to increasing PV
loading will eventually reach a point
of failure known as the PV limit. The
failure point is usually manifested by
an abrupt increase in the wear rate
of the bearing material.

1. First determine the static loading

per unit area (P) that the bearing
must withstand in operation.

As long as the mechanical strength

of the bearing material is not exceeded, the temperature of the bearing surface is generally the most
important factor in determining PV
limit. Therefore, anything that affects
surface temperaturecoefficient of
friction, thermal conductivity, lubrication, ambient temperature, running
clearance, hardness and surface finish
of mating materialswill also affect
the PV limit of the bearing.
The first step in evaluating a bearing material consists of determining
whether the PV limit of that material
will be exceeded in your application. It
is usually prudent to allow a generous
safety margin in determining PV limits,
because real operating conditions
often are more rigorous than experimental conditions.

For journal bearing configurations:

P = W/(d b)
P
W
d
b
N

=
=
=
=
=

pressure, psi (kg/cm2)

static load, lb (kg)
bearing surface ID, in. (cm)
bearing length, in. (cm)
rotation speed, rpm

For thrust bearing

configurations:
P = 4W/ (D2 d2)
P
W
d
D
N

=
=
=
=
=

pressure, psi (kg/cm2)

static load, lb (kg)
bearing surface ID, in. (cm)
bearing surface OD, in. (cm)
rotation speed, rpm

For either bearing configuration, pressure (P) should not exceed the
values shown here at room temperature:

Allowable Static Bearing Pressure

Composition
Fabrication
Process
P, psi
P, kg/cm2

SP-1
Direct
Mach. Formed
7,400
520

4,800
337

SP-21
Direct
Mach. Formed
6,600
464

SP-22

SP-211

Direct
Mach. Formed

Direct
Mach. Formed

4,900
345

6,000
422

3,700
260

5,400
380

4,000
281

2. Next, calculate the velocity (V) of the bearing relative to the mating
surface:
Journal Bearing

Thrust Bearing

Continuous Rotation

V = (DN)

V = (DMN)

Oscillatory Motion

V = (dN) ( /180)

V = (DMN) ( /180)

where:
N
=
DM =

=
V
=
3.

speed of rotation, rpm or cycles/min

(D + d)/2, in. (cm)
angle between limits of oscillation, degrees
surface velocity, in./min (cm/min)

Finally, calculate PV:

PV (psi-ft/min) = P (psi) V (in/min) / 12

or, in metric units:
PV (kg/cm2-m/sec) = P (kg/cm2) V (cm/min) / 6000

PV Limits of Unlubricated Bearing Materials

Table 1 shows the maximum PV limits for unlubricated VESPEL parts
and several other unlubricated bearing materials under conditions of
continuous motion. Properly lubricated VESPEL parts can withstand
approximately 1 million psi-ft/min.

TABLE IPV LIMIT GUIDELINES**

Material

Filler

SP-21
SP-22
SP-211

15% Graphite
40% Graphite
15% Graphite
10% PTFE
Unfilled
1525% Glass
25% Carbon
60% Bronze
Unfilled
PTFE
Unfilled

PTFE*
PTFE*
PTFE*
PTFE*
Nylon
Acetal

lb-ft
in2-min

Maximum
kg-m Contact Temperature
cm2-sec
F
C

300,000
300,000
100,000

107
107
36

740
740
500

393
393
260

1,800
12,500
20,000
18,500
4,000
7,500
3,500

0.64
4.5
7.1
6.6
1.4
2.7
1.2

500
500
500
500
300
250

260
260
260
260
217
201

* At 100 fpm.
** These guideline values are supplied for reference only. PV limits for any material
vary with different combinations of pressure and velocity as well as with other test
conditions. Consult manufacturers literature for detailed information.

Designing VESPEL Bearings

Effects of Surface
Temperature on Wear
Characteristics
PV is a very useful measure in
determining the suitability of a
material for a bearing application.
However, contact pressure and
sliding velocity alone do not
adequately characterize bearing
materials. Temperature, system
geometry and mating surface
material also play significant
roles in wear of bearings.
Of the factors just named,
temperature is generally the most
important, because it not only
affects the coefficient of friction
but also determines the usable
combinations of pressure and
sliding velocity, or PV. Wear
characteristics of VESPEL
bearings will be moderate even
at high PVs if sufficient cooling is
provided. Wear can be severe at
any PV if the ambient temperature is too high. The wear resistance of a VESPEL bearing
operating at a temperature below
its limit can be predicted from an
experimentally determined Wear
Factor. The wear factor is derived
from an equation relating the
volume of material removed by
wear in a given time per unit of
load and surface velocity.
v = KFVT
where:
V = wear volume, in3 (cm 3)
K = wear factor, in3-min/ft-lb-h
(cm3-min/m-kg-h)
F = supported load, lb (kg)
T = time, h
V = velocity, ft/min (m/sec)
For flat surfaces the equation is
modified so that:
X = KPVT
where:
X = wear depth, in. (cm)
P = pressure, psi (kg/cm2)

Wear Transition
Temperature
The wear rate of a plastic material operating in air is proportional
to the product of pressure and
velocity (PV) if the surface
temperature does not exceed a
critical value called Wear Transition Temperature. Above the
wear transition temperature, wear
increases dramatically. For SP
resins, the wear transition temperature is in the range 900 to
1000F (482 to 538C) in
vacuum or inert gases, and 700
to 750F (371 to 399C) in air.
As Figure 1 shows, the wear
factor of VESPEL bearings made
with SP-21 resin is essentially
constant over a wide range of
operating conditions, as long as
surface temperature does not
exceed the wear transition
temperature.
FIGURE 1
Wear Factor vs. Surface Temp for SP-21
vs. Carbon Steel Thrust Bearing Tester
No Lubrication PV of 1,000 to 500,000 lb/
in2 ft/min (310-155,000 N/cm 2 m/min)

Frictional Behavior
Temperature, pressure and velocity all affect the dynamic coefficient of
friction. Typical coefficients of friction for various SP polyimide compositions are shown in Table 2 below.
The coefficients of friction for filled SP compositions undergo a
transition at about 300F (149C), as shown in Figure 2. Below this
temperature the frictional behavior is similar to that of 66 nylon, but
above 300F (149C) the frictional forces drop sharply, and in the range
of 400 to 1000F (204 to 538C), the friction characteristics of SP
compositions remain independent of temperature. The friction transition
is not associated with wear transition. The magnitude of the transition,
and the wear rate below 300F (149C), are greatly reduced in SP-211.
The designer must allow for the higher frictional forces, resulting from
two separate phenomena, which may be present during start-up. One
is the transfer of a layer of SP polyimide resin/filler composition to the
mating surface and the second is the temperature transition for SP
polyimide resins. During restart, it may not be necessary under service
conditions to break in a new layer, but the temperature effect is reversible and will continue to operate at each restart.

TABLE 2
Typical Coefficients of FrictionUnlubricated Thrust Bearing Test
MEASUREMENT
Conditions
British (SI) Units

COMPOSITION
SP-21
polyimide

SP-22
polyimide

SP-211
polyimide

Static

0.30

0.27

0.20

P
V

= 50 psi (0.34 MPa)

= 500 fpm (2.54 m/s)

0.24

0.20

0.21

P
V

= 100 psi (0.69 MPa)

= 100 fpm (0.51 m/s)

0.30

0.24

0.24

P
V

= 100 psi (0.69 MPa)

= 300 fpm (1.52 m/s)

0.28

0.21

0.20

P
V

= 100 psi (0.69 MPa)

= 1000 fpm (5.08 m/s)

0.12

0.09

0.08

FIGURE 2
Wear Factor and Friction Coefficient for Unlubricated Operation Against
Mild Carbon Steel

Mating Material and Surface Finish

The wear performance of VESPEL parts can be substantially
affected by the hardness of the mating material and its surface finish.
Unlubricated bearing wear rates can be reduced by increasing the
hardness and decreasing the roughness of the mating surface. In
general, a ground surface finish on the mating material is preferable
to a turned surface. A fine polishing operation is often beneficial. The
finishing operation should be in the same direction as the bearing
motion relative to the mating surface.
Aluminum and zinc are not good mating surfaces for plastic bearings
because the softness of these materials can lead to rapid wear. If used,
aluminum should be hardened or, preferably, anodized. Die-cast aluminum with high silica content is very abrasive to VESPEL. Chrome
plating is not necessary and may cause greater wear than a polished
steel surface. The porosity of the chrome tends to micro-machine the
VESPEL surface. In general, the metal surface should be as hard and
smooth as is practical.
Plastic is not a good mating material for VESPEL bearings and, if
used, should be limited to low PV conditions. The softness of a plastic
mating surface can lead to high wear. In addition, since plastics are
relatively poor thermal conductors, plastic-to-plastic bearing interfaces
run hotter than plastic-to-metal interfaces, so metal plastic bearing
systems have higher PV limits than plastic-plastic bearing systems.
Figure 3 illustrates the effects of mating material hardness and finish
on wear performance.

FIGURE 3
Effect of Mating Material Hardness on Wear
Thrust Bearing Tester No Lubrication

Lubrication and
Other Bearing Design
Considerations
When determining whether
bearings need to be lubricated,
the following points should be
considered:
A one-time lubrication, consisting of an initial greasing or use of
dry lubricant, generally reduces
break-in wear and improves
overall wear resistance.
Lubrication of bearings can
increase the PV limit by reducing
coefficient of friction and helping
to remove wear debris. Circulation of the lubricant can further
increase the PV limit by cooling
the bearing.
Lubrication with a chemically
compatible fluid to wet VESPEL
bearings will reduce both friction
and wear rates. The amount of
reduction increases with increasing fluid film thickness, which in
turn increases with fluid viscosity
and surface velocity, and decreases with increasing bearing
pressure. Application geometry
will also affect the reduction of
friction. Even thin film lubricants
can reduce dry wear rates by a
factor of 10 or more. Thick films,
which cause complete separation
of the solid mating surfaces, can
theoretically reduce wear to
negligible proportions.

Unlubricated bearings should

have surface grooves to carry
wear debris out of the interface.
In lubricated systems the grooves
can help increase the supply of
lubricant. The effect of grooving
on bearing pressure should be
considered.
Because it does not wet SP
resin, water is not an effective
thin film or boundary lubricant for
VESPEL bearings. In fact, water
can adversely affect the wear rate
of dry VESPEL bearings. However, periodic contamination by
casual water should not cause
any problems.
Purging an unlubricated
VESPEL bearing with nitrogen
gas can reduce wear rates to
less than 20% of the corresponding rate in air. In addition, operation in nitrogen can increase the
wear transition temperature by
at least 100F (56C) above the
value in air.
For applications in dirty
environments, sealing or purging should be considered for
prevention of bearing surface
contamination.

The frictional behavior of a

bearing system using thin film
lubrication is determined by the
properties of the bearing material
as well as by the properties of the
lubricant. Frictional behavior is
determined exclusively by the
lubricant properties with thick
film lubrication.

Proportions
Journal Bearings: For optimum
performance of VESPEL journal
bearing, l /d (length/diameter)
ratios in the order of 1/2 to 3/2 are
suggested. If a long bearing is
required, consider using two
bearings with a gap between
them. Smaller values of l /d will
result in:
more efficient debris removal
less sensitivity to shaft deflection and misalignment
better heat dissipation
cost advantages due to lower
fabrication costs

Running Clearances for

Journal Bearings
Although VESPEL bearings have
much lower coefficients of thermal
expansion than most plastics,
minimal running clearances are
required. Normal operating clearances for VESPEL journal bearings
are from 0.3% to 0.5% of shaft
diameter, depending on the application. In general, heavier loads
require larger clearances. Closer
running clearances can be engineered by slotting the bearing to
allow for circumferential thermal
expansion.
Use the following formula to
determine VESPEL bearing design
inside diameter adjusted for thermal
expansion of the bearing system:
Bearing design ID = shaft diameter at room temperature +
change in shaft diameter due to
temperature change + operating
clearance of shaft + change in
the bearing wall thickness due to
temperature change in housing
diameter due to temperature.

Thrust Bearings: For optimum

performance of VESPEL thrust
bearings, it is best not to exceed
a ratio of outside to inside diameter (D/d) of 2. Ratios greater
than 2 can cause overheating at
the outside edge, and problems
may arise from lack of flatness
and from trapped wear debris.

ID = D(1+ ST1+C)+2t SpT2 dBT3

where:
d
D

= housing diameter
= shaft diameter at ambient
temperature
C
= shaft operating clearance,
percent of shaft diameter
S = coefficient of expansion of
shaft material
Sp = coefficient of thermal
expansion of VESPEL bearing
t
= VESPEL bearing wall
thickness
T1 = temperature rise for the shaft
T2 = temperature rise for the
bearing
T3 = temperature rise for the
housing
B = coefficient of expansion of
bore material

Running clearances for VESPEL

bearings usually do not have to be
adjusted for moisture, because SP
polyimides absorb very little moisture. See the brochure Properties
of VESPEL Parts and Shapes, for
moisture absorption curves.

10

TABLE 3Coefficient of Thermal Expansion ( )

Composition
Fabrication
Process

SP-1

SP-21

SP-22

SP-211

Direct
Mach. Formed

Direct
Mach. Formed

Direct
Mach. Formed

Direct
Mach. Formed

,
106 in/in/F

30

28

27

23

21

15

30

23

,
106 cm/cm/C

54

50

49

41

38

27

54

41

Wall Thickness for Journal Bearings

VESPEL journal bearing walls should be as thin as possible, because
thin walls:
improve dissipation of frictional heat
reduce running clearance variations resulting from thermal- and
moisture-related dimensional changes
reduce distortion under high loading
For most applications, the typical wall thickness for VESPEL bearings
ranges from 0.06 in. to 0.125 in. (1.5 to 3.2 mm).

Installation of Journal Bearings

VESPEL journal bearings can be installed either mechanically or with
adhesive.
To press fit VESPEL bearings into metal, the suggested practice is to
use a low-interference fit. After it is pressed into place, the bore of the
bearing will be reduced by 90% of the calculated diametral interference,
which will result in a small compressive load in the bearing wall. A
typical interference fit is 0.5%, but press-fit interference should be
adjusted to the needs of the application.
VESPEL parts can be used with most commercial adhesives. The
VESPEL Adhesives Bulletin discusses selection of adhesives, surface
preparation and other considerations. With any adhesive, it is important
to follow the manufacturers recommendations for best results.

11

Sample Design Problem

Solution (British Units)

Assume that:

VESPEL bearings are being

considered for a blender dryer
with the following requirements:

1. Check temperature limit.

Limiting surface temperature of
SP-21 polyimide in air is 740F,
so unless PV is very high, the
surface temperature should rise
less than the 215F difference
between 525F and 740F.

the contact surface reaches

100F higher than the dryer
temperature, but:

Two bearings on a 1.5 in. (38

mm) shaft must support 4000 lb
(1814 kg), at temperatures
ranging from 70F to 525F
(21C to 274C).
Maximum bearing length is
1.5 in. (38 mm) and maximum
allowable running clearance hot
or cold is 0.015 in. (0.38 mm).
To prevent product contamination, the bearings cannot be
lubricated and they must operate
without service 40 hours per
week for 3 years.
The blender-dryer shaft rotates
intermittently, 5% on and 95% off,
at 20 rpm.

Will VESPEL bearings meet

these requirements? Refer to the
table PV LIMIT GUIDELINES,
under PV Limits of Unlubricated
Materials for temperature and PV
limits.

2. Check PV.
Calculate bearing pressure:
P =

2000 lb (per bearing)

F
=
1.5 in 1.5 in
LD

= 890 psi

Calculate shaft Speed:

1.5 in 20 rpm
V = DN =

12 in/ft

= 7.9 fpm

Calculate PV:
PV = 800 psi 7.9 fpm
= 7040 psi-fpm

At this low PV, SP-21 polyimide

will operate in its mild wear
regime, so PV will not limit,
especially considering the intermittent operation.
3. Check wear resistance.
Calculate running time:
40 hrs 52 wks

3 yrs
wk
yr
= 312 hours

T = .05

Radial wear = wear factor

PV running time =
in min

33 1010
ft lb hr
7040 psi-fpm 312 hrs = 0.0073 in

This wear is less than the

maximum allowable operating
clearance. If the difference is
enough to accommodate thermal
expansion, then VESPEL Parts
will meet the requirements.
4. Design-Determine Room
Temperature Clearance.
At this point, experience and
judgment play a big role, and one
can only approximate a solution.
Experience dictates that the shaft,
bearing surface, bearing OD and
housing will all reach different
operating temperatures.

12

the bearing body average

temperature is only 50F
higher than the dryer, while:
the housing remains at room
temperature and restrains the
bearing securely, so:
the bearing will expand
inward when the temperature
rises, and
the shaft will expand outward.
With these assumptions, initial
room temperature clearance, C4,
can be determined with the
following equation:
C4 = D ( sT1 + C) + 2t sT2
D
s

= shaft diameter
= coefficient of thermal
expansion for shaft material
= 6 10-6 in/in/F

= operating clearance,
usually 0.001 in/in

t
= bearing wall thickness
s = coefficient of thermal
expansion for bearing =
24 106 in/in/F
T1 = temperature rise for shaft
T2 = temperature rise for bearing

If one picks a wall thickness of

1
/16 in
C4 = 1.5[(6 106)(625 70) + .001]+
(2 .0625 24 104)(575 70)
= 1.5 (.0043) + .0015
= .00645 + .0015
= .008 in

5. Check maximum clearance.

Initial clearance plus wear after
3 years will then be 0.008 + 0.007
= 0.015 in which just meets the
stated requirements.
Thus, VESPEL bearings do
meet the requirements to operate
without lubrication in this elevated
temperature situation.
If you encounter expansion
problems, slot the bearing.

Solution (SI Units)

1. Check temperature limit.
Limiting surface temperature of
SP-21 polyimide in air is 666K,
so unless PV is very high, the
surface temperature should rise
less than the 119K difference
between 547K and 666K.
2. Check PV.
Calculate bearing pressure:
F
P =
=
LD

8900N (per bearing)

.038 m .038 m

= 6160 kPa

Calculate shaft Speed:

V = DN = .038 m 20 rpm
= 2.39 m/min

Calculate PV:
PV = 6136 kPa 2.41 m/min
= 14,720 kPa-m/min

At this low PV, SP-21 polyimide

will operate in its mild wear
regime, so PV will not limit,
especially considering the intermittent operation.
3. Check wear resistance.
Calculate running time:
T = .05 40 hrs 52 wks 3 yrs
wk
yr
= 312 hours
Radial wear = wear factor
PV running time =
cm3min
40 109

m N hr
kPa m
14,720

min
m2
312 hrs 104
cm2
= .0184 cm

This wear is less than the

maximum allowable operating
clearance. If the difference is
enough to accommodate thermal
expansion, then VESPEL Parts
will meet the requirements.
4. Design-Determine Room
Temperature Clearance.
At this point, experience and
judgment play a big role, and one
can only approximate a solution.
Experience dictates that the shaft,
bearing surface, bearing OD and

housing will all reach different

operating temperatures.
Assume that:
the contact surface reaches
56K higher than the dryer
temperature, but:
the bearing body average
temperature is only 28K
higher than the dryer, while:
the housing remains at room
temperature and restrains the
bearing securely, so:
the bearing will expand
inward when the temperature
rises, and
the shaft will expand outward.
With these assumptions, initial
room temperature clearance, Cd,
can be determined with the
following equation:
Cd = D ( sT1 + C) +2t sT2
D
s

= shaft diameter
= coefficient of thermal
expansion for shaft material
= 10.8 10-6 m/m/K

= operating clearance,
usually .001 cm/cm

t
= bearing wall thickness
s = coefficient of thermal
expansion for bearing =
43 106 m/m/K
T1 = temperature rise for shaft
T2 = temperature rise for bearing

If one picks a wall thickness of

.159 cm:
Cd = 3.8[(10.8 106)(602294) + 0.01]
+ (2 .159 43 104) (575 294)
= 3.8 (.0043) + .0038
= .0163 + .0038
= .020 cm

5. Check maximum clearance.

Initial clearance plus wear after
3 years will then be 0.20 + 0.18 =
0.38 mm which just meets the
stated requirements.
Thus, VESPEL bearings do
meet the requirements to operate
without lubrication in this elevated
temperature situation.
If you encounter expansion
problems, slot the bearing.

13

The earlier you

THINK VESPEL,
the more cost-effective
your total design
can be
The engineers and sales staff at
DuPonts VESPEL Division are
ready to help you make the best
use of the superior performance
of VESPEL parts. Just write to the
VESPEL Sales Office nearest
you, or call your VESPEL Sales
Engineer. In the US, you can also
call our Customer Service line at
800-222-VESP.
DuPont Company
VESPEL Parts Marketing Section
Wilmington, DE 19898

More information on the benefits and properties

of VESPEL parts is available in these brochures:
Introduction to VESPEL Parts
(E-61486)
Summary of Typical Properties
(E-61477)
VESPEL Shapes: Machining Stock of SP Polyimide
(E-61482)
Using VESPEL Seal Rings
Design Considerations and Technical Data
(E-73911)
VESPEL and Radiation. A Guide for Users
(E-73910)

This information is offered without charge as part of the DuPont Companys service to its customers, but
DuPont cannot guarantee that favorable results will be obtained from the use of such data. It is intended for
use by persons having technical skill, at their discretion and risk. DuPont warrants only that the material
itself does not infringe the claims of any United States patent; but no license is implied nor is any further
patent warranty made.

In the United States

DuPont Company
Fabricated Products Department
VESPEL Parts Marketing Section
Wilmington, DE 19898
Telephone (800) 222-VESP

In Europe
DuPont de Nemours International SA
Fabricated Products Department
Antoon Spinoystraat 6
B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium
Telephone (015) 4014 11

In the Far East

DuPontJapan Ltd.
Fabricated Products Department
Kowa Building No. 2
11-39 Akasaka 1-chome
Minato-ku
Tokyo 107, Japan
Telephone: 03-585-5511

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E-61500 5/88

Printed in U.S.A.