LinearKinematics

DescribingObjectsinLinearMotion

Objectives
Distinguishbetweenlinear,angular,andgeneral
motion
Definedistancetraveledanddisplacementand
distinguishbetweenthetwo
Defineaveragespeedandaveragevelocityand
distinguishbetweenthetwo
Defineinstantaneousspeedandinstantaneous
velocity
Defineaverageacceleration

Objectives
Defineinstantaneousacceleration
Nametheunitsofmeasurementfordistance
traveledanddisplacement,speedandvelocity,
and
acceleration
Usetheequationsofprojectilemotionto
determinetheverticalorhorizontalpositionofa
projectile
giventheinitialvelocitiesandtime

Motion
Motionisachangeinanobject'sposition
relativetoagivenobserverduringacertain
changeintime
Motionisrelative:
motionofanyobjectofinterestdependsonthe
pointofviewoftheobserver

Motion
Movementofanobject couldbeclassified as
Linear
Angular
both(general)

Motion
LinearMotion (TRANSLATION)
allpointsonabodyorobjectmove:
thesame distance
inthesamedirection
atthe sametime

rectilinear or curvilinear translation.

Motion
Rectilineartranslation
allpointsonabodyorobjectmoveina straight
line
thedirectionofmotion doesnot change
theorientationoftheobjectdoesnotchange
allpointsontheobjectmovethesame
distance

Motion
Rectlineartranslation

Motion
Curvilineartranslation
allpointsonabodyorobjectmoveina curved
line
thedirectionofmotion constantlychange
theorientationoftheobjectdoesnotchange
allpointsontheobjectmovethesame
distance

Motion
Curvilineartranslation

Motion
Rectilinearandcurvilineartranslation:

Motion
AngularMotion (Rotation)
allpointsonabodyorobjectmove incircles(or
partsofcircles)aboutthesamefixed centralline
oraxis

Motion
GeneralMotion
combinationoftranslationalandangularmotion
Runningandwalking:trunkmovesinlinear
motionasa resultofrotarymotionsofindividual
segmentsofextremities

LinearKinematics
Position
isdefinedaslocationin space
Location couldbeidentifiedrelativetoagiven
(chosen)referenceobject(frameofreference)

Cartesian coordinatesystem

LinearKinematics
Position

Distancetraveled andDisplacement
Distancetraveled
measureofthe lengthofthepath (trajectory)
followedby theobjectwhosemotionisbeing
described
scalar physicalquantity(i.e.ithasnodirection).The
symbolusedis s,theunitofmeasureismeter(m)

Distancetraveled andDisplacement
Displacement
istheshortestdistanceinthespecificdirectionfrom
theinitialtothefinalpositionofabodysmotion
Vectorwithboththelengthanddirection
Theunitofmeasureismetre (m)andthesymbol
usedis d or r

Distancetraveled andDisplacement

Distancetraveled andDisplacement

SpeedandVelocity
Speed
rateof motion (therateofdistancetraveled)
Scalar

Velocity
rateofmotioninaspecificdirection(therateof
displacement)
Vector
hasamagnitude (number)andadirection
associatedwithit

SpeedandVelocity
Averagespeed
distancetraveled dividedbythetimeittookto
travelthatdistance

averagespeed
l distancetraveled
t timetakenorchangeoftime

SpeedandVelocity
12thIAAFWorldChampionshipsinAthleticsinBerlinin 2009,themens100mdash
waswonbyUsainBolt (9.58s).The secondplacefinisher,TysonGayfinishedin9.71s

SpeedandVelocity
12thIAAFWorldChampionshipsinAthleticsinBerlinin 2009,themens100mdash
waswonbyUsainBolt (9.58s).The secondplacefinisher,TysonGayfinishedin9.71s

SpeedandVelocity
Averagevelocity
displacementdividedbythetimeittooktotravel
thatdistance

averagevelocity
displacement
t timetakenorchangeoftime

SpeedandVelocity
Instantaneous velocity
Velocityatagivenmoment(instantintime)

Instantaneousvelocity

Acceleration
Acceleration
Rateofchangeinvelocity
Anobjectacceleratesifthemagnitude ordirection
ofitsvelocitychanges

Whenanobjectspeedsup,slows down,starts,
stops,orchangesdirection, itisaccelerating

Acceleration
Averageacceleration
Changeinvelocitydividedbythetimeittookfor
thatvelocity changetotakeplace

averageacceleration
finalvelocity
initalvelocity

Changeinvelocity

t timetakenorchangeoftime

Acceleration
Instantaneous acceleration
Accelerationatinstantintime

Instantaneousvelocity

Acceleration

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion
Uniformacceleration
Itoccurswhenthenetexternalforceacting on
anobjectisconstantandunchanging

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion
Verticalmotionoftheprojectile
Projectile:
objectthathasbeen projectedintotheairor
droppedandisactedononlyby theforcesof
gravityandairresistance
IFairresistanceistosmall(neglidgible)theonly
forcethatactontheobjectisGRAVITYforce

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion
Verticalmotionoftheprojectile
=

=const

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion
Verticalmotionoftheprojectile

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion
Verticalmotionoftheprojectile

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion
Verticalmotionoftheprojectile

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion
Horizontalmotionoftheprojectile

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion
Horizontalmotionoftheprojectile

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion
Horizontalmotionoftheprojectile

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion
CombinedHorizontalandVerticalMotionsof
theprojectile
Horizontalandverticalmotionoftheprojectile
areindependentofeachother

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion
CombinedHorizontalandVerticalMotionsof
theprojectile

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion
CombinedHorizontalandVerticalMotionsof
theprojectile

UniformAcceleration andProjectile
Motion