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HS/OCT 2009/ANP105

UNIVERSIT! TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

COURSE CODE

ANP105

EXAMINATION

OCTOBER 2009

TIME

3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.

This question paper consists of two (2) parts :

2.

Answer ALL questions from all two (2) parts.

PART A (100 Questions)

PART B (40 Questions)

i) Answer PART A in the Multiple Choice Objective Answer Sheet,

ii) Answer PART B in the Multiple True/False Answer Sheet.
3.

Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4.

Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
i) the Question Paper
ii) an Multiple Choice Objective Answer Sheet - provided by the Faculty
iii) an Multiple True/False Answer Sheet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 29 printed pages
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PART A

HS/OCT2009/ANP105

(100 marks)

Answer ALL questions.

Choose the MOST appropriate answer for each question.

1. The right iliac of the abdominopelvic region is inferior to the

A.
B.
C.
D.

region.

left hypochondriac
left epigastric
right hypochondriac
right hypogastric

2. The position of the heart relative to the structures around is described as

A.
B.
C.
D.

lateral to the lungs.

posterior to the vertebral column.
inferior to the diaphragm.
deep to the sternum.

3. The subdivisions of the dorsal cavity include the

A.
B.
C.
D.

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

abdominal and pelvic cavities
cranial and spinal cavities
pleural and pericardial cavities

4. In a negative feedback system,

A.
B.
C.
D.

input is always maintained at a constant.

input serves no useful purpose.
output is partially put back into the system.
output is always maintained at a constant.

5. The
A.
B.
C.
D.

systems control homeostasis.

integumentary and nervous

nervous and endocrine
endocrine and cardiovascular
urinary and respiratory

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6. The sum of all chemical reactions in the body is termed

A.
B.
C.
D.

homeostasis
physiology
dynamic feedback
metabolism

7. Gas is exchanged in the alveoli by a process of

A. simple diffusion
B. active transport
C. facilitated diffusion
D. filtration

8. Where do the energy-releasing chemical reactions take place in the mitochondria?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Matrix.
Inner membrane folds.
Outer membrane.
Outer compartment.

9. The cholesterol in the cell membrane

A. helps to make the membrane more rigid.
B. helps to make the membrane more fluid.
C. assists in cell recognition by the immune system.
D. allows carbohydrates to pass through the membrane.

10. Which of the following sequences is CORRECT?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Translation
Translation
Transcription
Transcription

protein synthesis transcription.

transcription protein synthesis.
protein synthesis translation.
translation protein synthesis.

11. Protein synthesis occurs at the

A.
B.
C.
D.

outer membrane mitochondria

inner membrane of the nucleus
ribosome of rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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12. Adenine always pairs with

A.
B.
C.
D.

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, and cytosine always pairs with

thyamine, guanine
guanine, thyamine
cytosine, guanine
thyamine, adenine

13. In a human somatic cell with a diploid number of 46, how many chromatids can be
found at that stage in the mitotic cycle when the spindle fibers appear?
A. 23
B. 46

C. 69
D. 92

14. Histology is the study of

A.
B.
C.
D.

cells and membranes.

skin.
organs and organ systems.
Tissues.

15. What is the function of serous membranes?

A. To
B. To
C. To
D. To

prevent fluid loss from an organ

reduce friction between internal organs
circulate blood around the organ
conserve heat within the organ

16. A structure composed of two or more tissues is termed a (an).

A.
B.
C.
D.

organ
serous membrane
complex tissue
organ system

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17. The "basic unit of life" is

A.
B.
C.
D.

the atom
water
the cell
the chemical level of organization

18. Which of the following pairs of epithelial tissue and location is INCORRECTLY
matched?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Simple ciliated columnar epithelium lining the uterine tubes

Transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder
Pseudostratified epithelium lining the oral cavity
Simple cuboidal epithelium lining pancreatic ducts

19. Which of the following epithelial types is MISMATCHED with its function?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Simple epithelium diffusion.

Stratified epithelium protection.
Squamose epithelium transportation.
Cuboidal epithelium absorption.

20. A(An)
gland is an exocrine gland in which the entire secretory cell with enclosed
secretion is discharged.
A.
B.
C.
D.

apocrine
merocrine
endocrine
holocrine

21. Which of the following statements concerning collagen is FALSE?

A.
B.
C.
D.

It is the most common protein in the body.

It resembles microscopic ropes.
It is strong and flexible.
It is very elastic and capable of stretching.

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22. Of the 11 organ systems, the only one that can be observed from the surface of the
body is the
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

lymphatic
muscular
integumentary
endocrine

23. The cell of the stratum

A.
B.
C.
D.

are keratinized and dead.

basale
granulosum
spinosum
corneum

24. Which part of the hair contains the pigment that gives colour to it present?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Cuticle.
Cortex.
Medulla.
In all the parts.

25. Arrange the following events that occur in wound healing in the CORRECT sequence.
I.
II.
III.
IV.

Clot forms.
Scab develops.
Wound fills with blood.
Granulation tissue develops.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Ill, I, II, IV.

II, III, I, IV.
Ill, I, IV, II.
I, III, IV, II.

26. Most body odour is the result of bacterial metabolism of secretions produced by
glands.
A.
B.
C.
D.

ceruminous
apocrine
merocrine
sebaceous

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27. Which of the following pairings is CORRECT?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Stratum
Stratum
Stratum
Stratum

granulosum keratohyalin.
basale
keratin.
lucidum blood vessels.
corneum melanoytes.

28. Bone develops from spindle-shaped cells called

periosteum.
A.
B.
C.
D.

that are found beneath the

osteoprogenitor cell
osteocyte
osteoblast
osteolast

29. All of the following are examples of facial bones EXCEPT the
A.
B.
C.
D.

glenoid fossa
sphenoid bone
zygomatic bone
mandible

30. The second cervical vertebra is called the

A.
B.
C.
D.

false vertebra
atlas
axis
clavicle

31. All of the following statements about bone growth are false EXCEPT:
A.
B.
C.
D.

Appositional growth results in increased bone length.

Most growth in long bones results from interstitial growth.
Endochondral growth in long bones occur at the epiphyseal plate.
In the epiphyseal plate, osteoblasts degenerate to form chondrocytes.

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32. The presence of the

A.
B.
C.
D.

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is visible as a dark line in an X-ray film of a growing bone.

diaphysis.
medullary cavity.
epiphyseal disk.
articular cartilage.

33. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.
B.
C.
D.

The cervical curvature develops before birth.

The adult vertebral column has three curvatures.
Scoliosis is the term applied to normal curvature of the spine.
Exaggerated thoracic curvature of the spine is called kyphosis.

34. The layer of connective tissue that separates the muscle tissue into small sections is
called the
.
A. aponeuroses
B.epimysium
C. perimysium
D.endomysium

35. The neuron release its neurotransmitter into the

junction
A.
B.
C.
D.

at the neuromuscular

motor end plate.

cytoplasm of the muscle cell.
cisternae.
synaptic cleft.

36. The biceps femoris is one hamstring muscle located on the back of the thigh. What is
the other hamstring muscle?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Adductor magnus.
Semitendinosus.
Gluteus maximus.
Quadriceps femoris.

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37. Which of the following muscles move the shoulder girdle?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Trapezius
Platysmus
Massetor
Pectoralis major

38. The following factors affect the strength of muscle contraction.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Strength of the stimulus.

Duration of stimulus
Time of the day it is stimulated
The person applying the stimulus

39. Which of the following regarding the striated muscle fiber is MISMATCHED?
A.
B.
C.
D.

I band
A band
Z disk
M line

contains only actin.

contains only myosin.
structure between adjacent sarcomeres.
middle of the H zone.

40. During cardiac muscle contraction, the

A.
B.
C.
D.

actin filaments shorten.

myosin filaments shorten.
A band becomes narrower.
Z lines move closer together.

41. Which of the following would occur if a neuron were experienced stimulated
simultaneously at both ends
A. Summation would occur when the action the action potentials met in the middle,
resulting in a larger action potential.
B. The action potentials would pass in the middle and travel to the opposite ends.
C. The action potentials would stop meet in the middle.
D. The action potentials would meet in the middle and then be propagated back to their
starting point.

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42. Postsynaptic inhibition is produce by

A. depolarization of postsynaptic membrane
B. long term potential
C. axoaxonic synapse
D. hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane

43. Neurons that have several dendrites and one axon are known as
A. neurofibrilar nodes
B. bipolar neurons
C. multipolar neurons
D. unipolar neurons

44. Regarding the synapses,

A. the synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one
neuron to another.
B. electrical synapse allow transmission of electrical signals from 1 neuron to another
through the gap junction.
C. the presynaptic neuron contains receptors located on the cell membrane.
D. neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons of cells.

45. The correct number of pairs of cervical nerves is

A.
B.
C.
D.

eight
twelve
one
five

46. Areas of gray matter in the spinal cord are called

A.
B.
C.
D.

horns
ependymal cells
tracts
astrocytes

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57. The layer of the heart that forms a smooth, protective lining of the heart chambers and
valves is the
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
parietal pericardium

58. The

A.
B.
C.
D.

has the thickest wall because it pumps blood to the

right atrium; systemic circuit

right ventricle; lungs
left atrium; lungs
left ventricle; systemic circuit

59. A unique venous system, called the

, carries blood directly from the
intestines to the liver for processing rather than directly into the inferior vena cava.
A.
B.
C.
D.

hepatic portal system

superior mesenteric vein
saphenous vein
gonadal vein

60. Which of the following statements describe the characteristics of the veins?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Valves are present in the lumen.

Smooth muscle layer is thinner than that of the artery.
Endothelium is thicker than that of the artery.
Veins always carry blood that is low in oxygen.

61. All the statements described the circulatory system are true EXCEPT
A. Blood aids in regulating the body temperature.
B. Pericardium is the double-walled membranous covering that protects the heart.
C. The coronary arteries originate from the base of the brachiocephalic artery close to
the aorta.
D. The auricles of the heart have thicker walls than then ventricles.

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62. The arteries that transport deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the
lungs to release carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen are the
.
A. renal arteries
B. subclavian arteries
C. pulmonary arteries
D. coronary arteries

63. T cells provide the

response

A. humoral immune
B. cellular immune
C. inherited immune
D. progressive immune

64. In allergies, allergens stimulate the production of

causing them to release allergy mediators.
A.
B.
C.
D.

antibodies that bind to mast cells,

IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG

65. What is the importance of tonsils in the body's defences?

A. They contain ciliated cells that move trapped pathogens from the breathing
passages.
B. They are needed for T cell maturation.
C. They help destroy microbes that are inhaled or ingested.
D. They are needed for B cell maturation.
66. When stimulated, the cells that destroy cells infected by viruses, some tumour cells, and
cells of a transplant are
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

B cells
plasma cells
helper T-cells
cytotoxic (killer) T-cells

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47. Which of the following is true of resting membrane potential?

A. Membrane permeability to Na+ ions changes.
B. Na+ ions rush into the cell.
C. Membrane potential changes from negative to positive inside the cell.
D. Resting membrane potential is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump

48. The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system does all of the following
EXCEPT:
A.
B.
C.
D.

Speeds up digestion so glucose is available to skeletal muscles.

Conducts impulses through the trunk ganglia.
Speeds up heart rate.
Speeds up respiratory rate.

49. Protein and peptide hormones carry out their function by

A. entering into the nucleus of a cell and changing the expression of a gene.
B. binding with a suitable membrane receptor of the cell and initiating cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (cAMP) activity.
C. stimulating the synthesis of glycogen.
D. increasing the blood pressure.
50. Which of the following major processes is NOT controlled by hormones?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Body movement coordination.

Maintaining electrolyte balance.
Regulating cellular metabolism.
Growth and development.

51. Under normal conditions, hormonal concentrations in blood are USUALLY regulated by

A.
B.
C.
D.

positive feedback mechanisms

negative feedback mechanisms
neurological control
hypothalamic control

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52. A cell's hormonal sensitivities are determined by the

A.
B.
C.
D.

chemical nature of the hormone.

quantity of circulating hormone.
thickness of the cell membrane.
presence or absence of appropriate receptors.

53. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the

A.
B.
C.
D.

of the hypothalamus.

chromaffin cells
paraventricular neurons
supraoptic neurons
parafollicular cells

54. Red blood cell formation is stimulated by the hormone

A. serotonin which is produced in the pancreas in response to decreased production
of carbon dioxide.
B. heparin which is produced in the liver in response to accumulation of carbon
dioxide.
C. erythropoietin which is produced in the kidneys in response to decreased oxygen
supply.
D. thrombopoietin which is produced in the bone marrow in response to increased
oxygen supply.

55. Blood returning from the lungs enters the heart through the
A.
B.
C.
D.

pulmonary semilunar valve

mitral valve
right ventricle
left atrium

56. During ventricular systole the

A.
B.
C.
D.

atria are contracting

atrioventricular (AV) valves are closed
pressure inside the ventricles is less than in the atria
mitral valve is closed

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67. Immunity that can be acquired naturally, such as when we are exposed to a bacterial
or viral infection, or that can be acquired artificially, such as when we receive a vaccine,
is known as
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

congenital immunity
antigen presentation
active immunity
passive immunity

68. The main collecting duct of the lymphatic system is the left lymphatic duct, also
known as the
.
A. jugular trunk
B. trabeculae
C. subclavian artery
D. thoracic duct

69. Tears from the lacrimal gland and saliva contain an enzyme that destroys
bacteria; this enzyme is
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Chyle
lysosomes
lysozyme
monokines

70. Special lymphatic vessels that absorb fats and transport them from the digestive
tract to the blood are called
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

lacteals T
Villi F
chyle F
Peyer's patches F

71. The respiratory membrane is composed of

A.
B.
C.
D.

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs.

alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basal lamina.
respiratory bronchiole, alveolar sac and capillary walls.
alveolar sac, alveolar and capillary walls and their basal lamina.

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72. The purpose of the hilus along the medial surface of the lung at the level of the
branching primary bronchi is to
A.
B.
C.
D.

mark the line of separation between the two bronchi.

provide access for entry to pulmonary vessels and nerves.
prevent foreign particles from entering the trachea.
provide space for the location of the heart.

73. The presence of sufficient surfactant in the alveoli is to prevent alveoli collapse by
A.
B.
C.
D.

74.

humidifying the air before it enters.

warming the air before it enters.
reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid.
protecting the alveolar surface from dehydration.

remove foreign particles from the pulmonary alveoli.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Kupffer cells
Pulmonary reticulocytes
Alveolar type II cells
Alveolar macrophages

75. The paranasal sinuses include the

A.
B.
C.
D.

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary.

nasolacrimal, ethmoid, maxillary and temporal.
sphenoid, parietal, frontal and ethmoid.
maxillary, temporal, frontal and sphenoid .

76. Whenever a person cries, his/her nose runs because the

the nose.
A.
B.
C.
D.

drains tears into

paranasal sinus
lacrimal glands
nasolacrimal ducts
Wharten's ducts

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77. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A.
B.
C.
D.

In whispering, the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Thin and slack vocal cords produce higher pitch sounds.
During swallowing, the epiglottis is depressed to cover the glottis.
Testosterone secretion influences laryngeal development during puberty.

78. Which of the following force favors filtration?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure.

Capsular hydrostatic pressure.
Glomerular capillary osmotic pressure.
Capsular osmatic pressure.

79. Which structure is last to be involved in the sequence of urine flow?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Ureter.
Kidney.
Bladder.
Urethra.

80. The structure which receives the filtrate from the glomerulus is the
A.
B.
C.
D.

proximal convoluted tubule

distal convoluted tubule
Bowmen capsule
Loop of Henle

81. The juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney is composed of

A.
B.
C.
D.

podocytes and juxtaglomerular cells

juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa
the macula densa and the filtration membrane
juxtaglomerular cells and the filtration membrane

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82. If the following hypothetical conditions exist in a nephron, what is the NET filtration
pressure?
Glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg
Blood colloidal osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg
Capsular hydrostatic pressure =10 mmHg
A.
B.
C.
D.

30 mmHg.
50 mmHg.
90 mmHg.
110 mmHg.

83. Autoregulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of

A.
B.
C.
D.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion

dilation of afferent and efferent arterioles
constriction of afferent and efferent arterioles
dilation of afferent arterioles and constriction of efferent arterioles

84. Puan Biba is 70 years old and all her wisdom teeth have been removed. On each side of
her lower jaw, one canine and one molar are missing. What would the dental formula for
her lower jaw be?
A.
B

2-1-2-3
2-1-2-2

C. 2 - 0 - 2 - 1
D.

2-0-1-1

85. Which of the following statements regarding swallowing is TRUE?

A.
B.
C.
D.

The voluntary phase begins in the mouth.

In the pharyngeal phase, food is moved from the mouth into the pharynx.
The uvula rises during the esophageal phase.
Peristalsis occurs in all phases of swallowing.

86. Due to hepatic action, a comparison of blood entering and leaving the liver shows that
blood leaving the liver contains
A.
B.
C.
D.

more glucose and amino acids.

less fatty acids and ingested toxic substances.
more nutrients and waste material.
less nutrients and waste material.

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87. Gastrocolic reflexes

A.
B.
C.
D.

empty the stomach.

release gastric secretions into the stomach.
cause mass movements of the colon in response to food in the stomach.
lead to churning contractions in the intestine in response to food in the stomach.

88. Peyer's patches are characteristic of the

A.
B.
C.
D.

stomach
jejunum
ileum
colon

89. The prominent function of the large intestine epithelial cells in all animals is to
A.
B.
C.
D.

absorb water.
secrete water.
absorb glucose.
secrete bilirubin.

90. The formation of the male sex cells, or sperm, is called

A.
B.
C.
D.

spermatogenesis
oogenolysis
oogenesis
spermatolysis

91. Following ovulation, the egg cell must be fertilized within

A.
B.
C.
D.

3 to 8 hours
24 to 48 hours
12 to 24 hours
48 to 72 hours

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92. Once the sperm penetrates the egg, the fertilized egg is now called a
A.
B.
C.
D.

zygote
blastocyte
fetus
embryo

93.The paired glands found in the upper pelvic cavity, one on each side of the
uterus, are known as the female gonads, or
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

ovaries
mammary gland
corpus luteum
graafian follicles

94.The formation of the female sex cells or eggs occurs in the ovaries and is called
A.
B.
C.
D.

ovulation.
spermatogenesis.
menses.
oogenesis.

95. The first menstrual period is called

A.
B.
C.
D.

menarche
menses
climacteric
ovulation

96. The area of the female reproductive system that is homologous to the male scrotum is
the
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

clitoris
labia minora
labia majora
Bartholin's gland

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6. Epithelial tissue
A.
B.
C.
D.

that line the respiratory tract is keratinized.

gives rise to sebaceous glands of the scalp.
can be resistant to harmful metabolites.
that line the urinary tract contains enteroendocrine cells.

7. Older persons are more sensitive to sun exposure and more likely to experience
sunburn because with age
A. skin thickness decreases.
B. glandular activity declines.
C. melanocyte activity declines.
D. vitamin D3 production declines.

8. In the skin A.
B.
C.
D.

the hypodermis is below the epidermis.

sebaceous glands are always associated with the hair follicle.
eccrine sweat glands are found mainly in the axilla and groin.
the cuticle of the nail consists mainly of stratum coneum.

9. The following set(s) of structure and function is/are MISMATCHED.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Periosteum covers the outer surface of bones.

Osteoblast produces bone matrix.
Osteocyte secretes collagenase.
Osteoclast functions in bone remodeling.

10. The following set(s) of bone type and the corresponding example is/are CORRECT.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Flat bone scapula.

Long bone calcaneum.
Short bone phalanx.
Irregular atlas.

11. These muscles move the shoulder girdle.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Trapezius
Platysmus
Massetor
Pectoralis major

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12. The following factors affect the strength of muscle contraction.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Strength of the stimulus.

Duration of stimulus
Time of the day it is stimulated
The person applying the stimulus

13. The pediatrician explains that the neonate cannot suckle properly because of the
following poorly developed muscles.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Buccinator
Masseter
Zygomaticus
Orbicularis oris

14. The sodium-potassium pump,

A.
B.
C.
D.

pumps three sodium ions outside the cell and two potassium ions inside.
pumps two sodium ions outside the cell and three potassium ions inside.
pumps three sodium ions inside the cell and two potassium ions outside.
pumps two sodium ions inside the cell and three potassium ions outside.

15. Postsynaptic inhibition is produced by

A.
B.
C.
D.

depolarization of postsynaptic membrane.

long term potential.
axoaxonic synapse.
hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.

16. Regarding generation of action potentials

A. During the depolarization phase, the negative membrane potential becomes less
negative, reach zero and then becomes positive.
B. During the repolarization phase, the membrane potential is restored to the resting
state of -70Mv.
C. When repolarization phase begins, Na+ channel inactivation gates close and K+
channels open.
D. During resting state all voltage - gated Na+ and K+ channels are closed.

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97. The thin fold of highly vascularized tissue that partially closes the distal end of the
vagina is known as the
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

veneris
hymen
labia minora
fourchette

98. Which of the following represents the connection between the placenta and the embryo?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Umbilical cord.
Amnion.
Placenta.
Capillary beds.

99. Labor cannot take place until all of this hormone's effects are diminished.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Relaxin.
Estrogen.
Progesterone.
Inhibin.

lOO.Which of the following is a principle hormone that releases milk into the mammary ducts?
A. Prolactin.
B. Relaxin.
C. Oxytocin.
D. Gonodotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).

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PART B

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(40 marks)

Answer ALL questions.

Multiple TRUE/FALSE questions.

1. Proteins in the plasma membrane

A.
B.
C.
D.

serve as carriers.
help to form pores.
aid in cell movement.
aid in cell-to-cell recognition.

2. Mitochondria contain
A.
B.
C.
D.

ribosomes.
a number of genes.
mitochondrial deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA).
enzymes in the matrix.

3. Regarding ribose nucleic acid (RNA),

A.
B.
C.
D.

ribosomal RNA is synthesized at the golgi bodies

there is a specific type of messenger RNA (mRNA) for each amino acid.
transfer RNA (tRNA) is always attached to the rough endoplasmic recticulum.
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA play a role in protein synthesis.

4. The Krebs cycle/tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle

A. does not form any carbon dioxide.
B. begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid.
C. combines carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid.
D. directly produces most of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the catabolism
glucose.

5. Cells are united by

A.
B.
C.
D.

of

to form tissues.

desmosomes
intermediate junctions
tight junctions
terminal junctions

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17. The symptoms of Type I diabetes mellitus include

A.
B.
C.
D.

polyuria.
polyphagia.
pyuria.
polydipsia.

18. Oxytocin
A.
B.
C.
D.

functions in the "milk let-down"reflex.

stimulates the smooth muscle contraction in the walls of the prostate gland.
helps to maintain and complete normal labor and childbirth.
stimulates the development of the mammary gland and the production of milk.

19. If one parent has type A blood and one parent has type B blood, what blood type is
possible for their child?
A.
B.
C.
D.

AB
A
B
O

20. Regarding the chamber of the heart, the

A. inside of the heart is divided into four chambers that receive blood from various parts
of the body.
B. two upper chambers are called the right ventricle and the left ventricle.
C. two ventricle are separated from one another by an internal, interventricular septum.
D. lower two chambers are called the right atrium and the left atrium.

21. Regarding the clotting mechanism;

A.
B.
C.
D.

aruptured blood vessel attracts thromboplastin to the site of injury.

the damaged tissue release thrombocytes.
thrombin causes soluble fibrinogen, to be converted into insoluble fibrin.
fibrin forms the thread of the clot.

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22. The following statements described the characteristics of the veins.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Valves are present in the lumen

Smooth muscle layer is thinner than that of the artery
Endothelium is thicker than that of the artery
Veins always carry blood low in oxygen

23. The following statements describe the circulatory system.

A. Blood aids in regulating the body temperature.
B. Pericardium is the double-walled membranous covering that protects the heart.
C. The coronary arteries originate from the base of the brachiocephalic artery close to
the aorta.
D. The auricles of the heart have thicker walls than then ventricles.

24. Special lymphatic vessels that absorb fat and transport them from the digestive tract to
the blood are called
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

lacteals
villi
chyle
Peyer's patches

25. When plasma moves out of the capillaries and into the spaces between tissue cells, it is
called
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

chime
Peyer's patches
interstitial fluid
chyle

26. The following are statements that describe the anatomy

the lymphatic system.

and physiology

of

A. The right lymphatic and thoracic ducts drain about an equal area of the body.
B. Breathing helps facilitate return of lymph by creating a positive pressure in the
thoracic cavity.
C. Macrophages are specialized lymphocytes that engulf foreign particles.
D. B lymphocytes are particularly effective against fungi, parasites and viral infections.

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27. The following statements described the characteristics of the spleen.

A.
B.
C.
D.

It is the largest mass of lymphatic tissue.

It is found in the right upper corner of the abdominal cavity.
The spleen phagocytizes bacteria and worn-out platelets and red blood cells.
The spleen produces lymphocytes and plasma cells.

28. The following statements describe the anatomy and function of the lungs.
A.
B.
C.
D.

The respiratory bronchioles divide into a number of alveolar ducts.

The actual exchange of respiratory gases occurs across the alveoli.
Gases diffuse through only a layer of columnar cells of the alveolus.
The inner surface of the alveolus is coated with lipoproteins called surfactant.

29. Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

A. carbonic acid.
B. bicarbonate ions.
C. carboxyhemoglobin.
D. carbaminohemoglobin.

30. Concerning the micturition reflex;

A. it is initiated by the stretching of the bladder wall.
B. efferent signals are sent to the bladder by sympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerve.
C. afferent signals are conducted to the lumbar segments of the spinal cord by the
pelvic nerves.
D. it usually produces a series of contractions of the urinary bladder.

31. The following statements describe the external anatomy of the kidneys.
A. The kidneys are paired organs, reddish in colour, and are present in the thoracic
cavity.
B. The left kidney is slightly lower than the right.
C. Hilum is a notch where the ureter leaves the kidney.
D. The function of adipose capsule is to protect the kidney from blows.

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32. The following statements describe the blood supply of the kidneys.
A.
B.
C.
D.

About 1200 mL of blood passes through the kidneys every minute.

The renal artery divides into branches called the interlobar arteries.
Each afferent arteriole takes blood away from the Bowman's glomerular capsule.
The peritubular capillaries reunite to form an interlobular vein.

33. The following statements describe the anatomy of stomach.

A. The pylorus surrounds the gastroesophageal sphincter.
B. The fundus is the rounded portion above and to the left of the cardia.
C. Below the fundus, the largest portion of the stomach is the body.
D. When there is much food in the stomach, the rugae becomes more conspicuous.

34. Pak Bobo has a disease that causes a large portion of his gastric mucosa to atrophy
resulting in less secretion by the gastric glands. As a result of this condition, he may be
expected to suffer from
A.
B.
C.
D.

protein malnutrition.
diarrhea.
dehydration.
pernicious anemia.

35. An obstruction of the cystic duct would result in

A.
B.
C.
D.

jaundice.
an inability to digest proteins.
increased fat in the chime.
an inability to absorb water soluble vitamins.

36. The tip, or head, of the penis is called the

A.
B.
C.
D.

glans penis
fourchette
urethra
fundus

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37. The doughnut-shaped gland that surrounds the superior portion of the male urethra just
below the bladder is the
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

spermatic cord
urethra
prostate gland
epididymis

38. Seminal fluid, a mixture of sperm cells and the secretions of the seminal vesicles,
the prostate, and the bulbourethral glands, is also called
.
A.
B.
C.
D.

raphe
spermatogonia
ectoderm
semen

39. If a child has B blood, and the mother has B blood, what is the possible genotype of the
father?
A.
B.
C.
D.

B
O
AB
A

40. Fertilization normally occurs within which structure?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Ovary
Fallopian tube
Ovarian ligament
Vagina

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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