MARA UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY

PERLIS CAMPUS

Faculty Architecture, Planning and Surveying

Department of Surveying Science and Geomatics
Diploma in Geomatic Science - AP 120
PROJECT REPORT

COURSE

Diploma in Geomatic Science

COURSE CODE

AP 120

SEMESTER

TITLE

TACHEOMETRY , SURVEY AND PLOTTING

LECTURER

PN. ROHAYU HARON NARASHID

MARKS

Name : SHUAILLIE BIN ROSLI

(2009632764)

SHAHRUL FAEZ BIN SHAHMIN

(2009691326)

ABDUL HAFIZ BIN MOHD ARIF

(2009827586)

HAMIM IRFAN BIN HAMIM ZAIRIN

(2009680074)

WILLIE ANAK LAGAN

(2009266974)

Date of Submission : 04 MAY 2010

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to Allah and Alhamdulillah for giving us the great mental and physical strength
also the time for us to complete our task.
Then, we would like to thank my lecturer, Puan Rohayu Haron Narashid for the valuable
advice and support she has given to us in the writing of this last report for this semester. She also
gives us a lot of encouragement and guidance.
After that, we want to wish thanks for supportive from our group, Hafiz, faez, Hamim,
Willie, and Ellie for their cooperation and commitment while doing this task.
Lastly, thanks also to our friends for their support and share their information. On this
task, it took a several weeks to finish up and Alhamdulillah, we finished this task very well.

TABLE OF CONTENT
NO

5
6

CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
TOPIC
OBJECTIVES
EQUIPMENT
INSTRUMENT
METHODOLOGY
PRE-SURVEY
SURVEYING PROCEDURE
POST SURVEY
DRAWING
PROCESSED DATA
DATA AND RESULT FOR TRAVERSING
CALCULATION OF LINEAR MISCLOSURE
DATA AND RESULT FOR LEVELLING
DETAILING DATA
CALCULATION OF TACHEOMETRY SURVEYING
RESULT
ENGINEERING PLAN DRAWING
ENDING
COMMENT
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
APPENDIX

PAGE NUMBER

21

23

30

INTRODUCTION
Tacheometry is an indirect method of distance measurement to get the horizontal and
vertical distance. Thus, the position(coordinate) and vertical(reduced level), of points on the
earth surface relatively to one another are determined simultaneously without using a chain or
tape or a separate levelling instrument.
The word of tacheometry is derived from the greek Tacns, meaning swift and metrot
meaning a measure or (quick measurement).
Distance measurement can be carried out rapidly since it is an indirect method even a
regular earth surfaces or any obstacle. Tacheometry surveying is divided into two systems:
Optical distance measurement (ODM)
Electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM)

In this task, we are asked to do the tacheometry by using Electronic Tacheometry. We can make
the Electronic tacheometry by using theodolite and EDM or by using total station. The method
by using theodolite and EDM is an old method to do. Nowadays, most surveyors use total station
to make the electronic tacheometry because it gives many benefits.
All total station will measure a slope distance, zenith(vertical) angle recorded by theodolite along
the line of sight to calculate the horizontal distance, horizontal and vertical distance can be
obtained without any calculation, data obtained will be recorded and processed in computer adn
reduced level(elevation) can be calculated.
Formula of electronic tacheometry:
RLt = RLi + Hi + V Ht
V = Lsin

TOPIC
- Tacheometry , survey and plotting

OBJECTIVES
To make reconnaissance survey at survey site.
To carry out horizontal control (traversing) of the control point.
To carry out vertical control (levelling) of the control point.
To collect the details of the survey site.
To compute and adjust the surveying data observations.
To produce the tacheometry surveying plan.

EQUIPMENTS
Levelling
Staff
Tripod
Total station
Prism
Pole with mini prism
Tape

1
1
3
1
2
1
1

INSTRUMENTS

Level instrument
-To take a reading from staff-

Staff
-The instrument have a value of height that level instrument have taken-

Tripod
-To place level instrument3

Total Station
-To get a bearing and distance-

Prism
-Total station must shot prism to get a bearing and distance-

Mini prism and Pole

-To get reading IS and get the bearing and distance-

Tape
-To measurement distance4

METHODOLOGY
1) Pre survey
-

The control points are determined to start the traverse after the reconnaissance is
done.

4 stations are established for the traversing.

2) Surveying procedure
-

Traverse is started at 2nd station and back bearing is set to the 1st station.

This step is repeated at 3rd and 4th and closed at 1st station.

At the 2nd week , the levelling is started from BM nearby HEA to the survey site and
returned back to the BM to close the levelling network.

This levelling is done to determine the reduced level at our control station.

At the 3rd week , Tacheometry survey(detailed survey) is proceed.

At the 1st station , 5 intermediate sights are taken to get the land profile at 1st station.

Horizontal bearing, distance, vertical bearing and slope distance are taken at every
intermediate sight.

Same step are followed for 2nd 3rd and 4th station to take the land profile for every
intermediate sight.

3) Post survey
- All data observations are collected to check the accuracy..
- The linear misclosure for our traverse is 1:8112.
- After checking the levelling data by using arithmetical checking , we found that our
levelling network is acceptable. After that, calculation is proceed to reduce the error
for every reduced level.
-

For tacheometry data , reduced level is calculated for all the intermediate sight.

4) Drawing
-At the end , plotting engineering survey plan for the survey site is produced.

PROCESSED DATA

CALCULATION LINEAR MISCLOSURE

=(0.006) + (-0.017)
146.25
= 1/0.000123266
=1:8112

DATA AND RESULT FOR TRANSFER OF HEIGHT USING THE LEVELING

TECHNIQUE
BACK

IS

1.355
1.387
3.23

FORWARD RISE

FALL

1.47
1.045

0.115

1.587
1.656
0.775
0.945
1.071
1.362
1.12
2.275

0.342
1.643
0.069
0.881

1.079
2.41
2.14
2.26
1.399

0.17
0.134
1.339
0.778
1.14
0.876

RL
34.187
34.072
34.414
36.057
35.488
36.869
36.699
36.565
35.226
34.448
33.308
34.184

DISTANCE ADJ
RL
34.187
20
34.0724
20
34.4148
7
36.0582
20.5
35.4892
20.5
36.8702
29
36.7002
8
35.5662
24
35.2276
22.5
34.45
29
33.3104
20
34.187

ARITHMETICAL CHECK
BACK SIGHT - FORE SIGHT
11.8 11.803
=0.003
RISE - FALL
3.742 3.745
=0.003
LAST RL FIRST RL
34.184 34.187
=0.003

ALLOWABLE
=12
=12
0
=5.635 mm
=0.006 m
MISCLOSURE
34.184 34.187
=0.003
Since 0.003 are located between 0.006 , this levelling network are accepted
Error adjusted = 0.003/7(number of station)
= 0.0004
10

REMARK
BM34.187
CP1
CP2
STN1
STN2
STN3
STN4
CP3
CP4
CP5
CP6
BM34.187

TABLE-ERROR DISTRIBUTION
BACK
1.355
1.387
3.23

IS

FORWARD
1.47
1.045

1.587
1.656
0.775
0.945
1.071
1.362
1.12
2.275

1.079
2.41
2.14
2.26
1.399

RL
34.187
34.072
34.414
36.057
35.488
36.869
36.699
36.565
35.226
34.448
33.308
34.184

11

+/-e(ADJ)
0.0004
0.0008
0.0012
0.0012
0.0012
0.0012
0.0012
0.0016
0.0020
0.0024
0.0028

ADJ RL
34.187
34.0724
34.4148
36.0582
35.4892
36.8702
36.7002
35.5662
35.2276
34.45
33.3104
34.187

REMARK
BM34.187
CP1
CP2
STN1
STN2
STN3
STN4
CP3
CP4
CP5
CP6
BM34.187

Calculation of tacheometry surveying

1) Station 1
V = L sin
=9.344 sin (90 91 56 27)
= -0 318

V = L sin
=4.005 sin (90 93 14 17)
= -0.226

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=36.058 + 1.154 0.318 1.32
=35.934

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=36.058 + 1.154 0.226 1.32
=36.029

V = L sin
=10.522 sin (90 100 44 00)
= -1.96

V = L sin
=12.66 sin (90 97 50 12)
= -1.726

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=36.058 + 1.154 1.96 1.32
=34.292

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=36.058 + 1.154 1.726 1.32
=35.934

V = L sin
=17.612 sin (90 95 44 09)
= -1.76
RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=36.058 + 1.154 1.76 1.32
=34.492

17

2) Station 2
V = L sin
=18.980 sin (90 95 30 47)
= -1. 823

V = L sin
=19.200 sin (90 95 27 39)
= -1.827

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=35.489 + 1.402 1.823 1.32
=33.748

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=35.489 + 1.402 1.827 1.32
=33.744

V = L sin
=14.494 sin (90 95 05 53)
= -1.288

V = L sin
=19.266 sin (90 95 50 04)
= -1.958

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=35.489 + 1.402 1.288 1.32
=34.283

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=35.489 + 1.402 1.958 1.32
=33.613

V = L sin
=29.513 sin (90 93 03 57)
= -1.578
RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=35.489 + 1.402 1.578 1.32
=33.993

18

3) Station 3
V = L sin
=6.208 sin (90 106 31 42)
= -1. 766

V = L sin
=15.686 sin (90 95 59 18)
= -1.636

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=36. 870 + 1.54 1.766 1.32
=35.324

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=36.870 + 1.54 1.636 1.32
=35.454

V = L sin
=10.674 sin (90 99 31 03)
= -1.765

V = L sin
=10.915 sin (90 96 33 50)
= -1.248

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=36.870 + 1.45 1.765 1.32
=35.325

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=36.870 + 1.45 1.248 1.32
=35.842

V = L sin
=10.385 sin (90 99 38 50)
= -1.740
RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=36.870 + 1.45 1.740 1.32
=35.350

19

4) Station 4
V = L sin
=9.574 sin (90 96 01 43)
= -1.006

V = L sin
=5.597 sin (90 97 59 28)
= -0.778

RL = RLi + Hi V Ht
=36. 7 + 1.5 1.006 1.32
=35.874

RL = Rli + Hi V Ht
=36.7 + 1.5 0.778 1.32
=36.102

V = L sin
=21.358 sin (90 92 43 54)
= -1.018

V = L sin
=11.972 sin (90 90 30 40)
= -0.107

RL = Rli + Hi V Ht
=36.7 + 1.5 1.018 1.32
=35.862

RL = Rli + Hi V Ht
=36.7 + 1.5 0.107 1.32
=36.773

V = L sin
=29.505 sin (90 89 29 24)
= 0.263
RL = Rli + Hi V Ht
=36.7 + 1.5 0.263 1.32
=37.143

20

RESULT

21

ENDING
COMMENTS
ABDUL HAFIZ BIN MOHD ARIF (2009827586)
Thankfully I have managed to finish this task with all my group members. I really appreciate
with their help, without them I would not be able to finish this task in the given time. From this
task it gives me a lot of information and I managed to improve my skills for handling the
instruments. From this task also, it has teach me how to perform the tacheometry concept and do
it correctly.
STUDENT NAME
SHAHRUL FAEZ BIN
SHAHMIN (2009691326)

HAMIM IRFAN BIN HAMIM

ZAIRIN (2009680074)

SHUAILLIE BIN ROSLI

(2009632764)

WILLIE ANAK LAGAN

(2009266974)

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT

23

SCORE
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

SHAHRUL FAEZ BIN SHAHMIN (2009691326)

From this task, I have learned many things to improve my skills and also my attitude. Without
these two things I would not able to perform this task. Communication with my group members
is something that really important because without it, i am very sure that this tacheometry task
could not be done in the given time. From this task also, it has prepared me for my future and
there are no reason why I cannot perform after this. Thank you.
STUDENT NAME
ABDUL HAFIZ BIN MOHD
ARIF (2009827586)

HAMIM IRFAN BIN HAMIM

ZAIRIN (2009680074)

SHUAILLIE BIN ROSLI

(2009632764)

WILLIE ANAK LAGAN

(2009266974)

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT

24

SCORE
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

HAMIM IRFAN BIN HAMIM ZAIRIN (2009680074)

Alhamdulillah and thanks to Allah for giving me the strength while doing this task. From this
task also I have fully understood about the tacheometry concept with the help from my group
members and definitely from my lecturer, Puan Rohayu. From this task also, it has teach me how
to perform the tacheometry task do it correctly. Once again thank you for those that have helped
me during this task.
STUDENT NAME
SHAHRUL FAEZ BIN
SHAHMIN (2009691326)

ABDUL HAFIZ BIN MOHD

ARIF (2009827586)

SHUAILLIE BIN ROSLI

(2009632764)

WILLIE ANAK LAGAN

(2009266974)

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT

25

SCORE
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

SHUAILLIE BIN ROSLI (2009632764)

Pleasure is the word to show my feeling about this levelling work. Skill is the only thing I have
managed to improve and it is pleasure to me. Communication with my group members is
something that really important because without it, surely this tacheometry tast could not be done
in the given time.
STUDENT NAME
SHAHRUL FAEZ BIN
SHAHMIN (2009691326)

HAMIM IRFAN BIN HAMIM

ZAIRIN (2009680074)

ABDUL HAFIZ BIN MOHD

ARIF (2009827586)

WILLIE ANAK LAGAN

(2009266974)

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT

26

SCORE
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

WILLIE ANAK LAGAN (2009266974)

Thank you is the word that has given me the strength to complete this task. From this task, it has
taught me how to perform the tacheometry task and do it correctly. Adventure is my favourite
thing which is really important to know and I am definitely did it with my pleasure.
STUDENT NAME
SHAHRUL FAEZ BIN
SHAHMIN (2009691326)

HAMIM IRFAN BIN HAMIM

ZAIRIN (2009680074)

SHUAILLIE BIN ROSLI

(2009632764)

ABDUL HAFIZ BIN MOHD

ARIF (2009827586)

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT
ATTENDANCE
CONTRIBUTION TO FIELD
CONTRIBUTION TO
REPORT

27

SCORE
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

GROUPING COMMENT
In our opinion,the practical that we have done not take much time.This is because we have
planning about what we will do before come to the site.It is very important for any survayer to
done that.Every member in this group are really take their responsible and take this opportunity
to learn and improve their skills.The handout that have given early by lecturer we used it as a
guidelines for the next steps.Briefing from lecturer also play an important role because without
it, certain things that we cannot understand can be explained by the lecturer.
NEW THINGS THAT WE HAVE LEARNT

How to perform the Taheometry

The tacheometry instrument and the way to handle it
How to get the reading
How to perform the tacheometry concept using electronic tacheometry
The skill that needed for tacheometry task.

SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF PRACTICAL TASK

Make the task on the evening not on the noon so the students can do it properly.
Separate the practical and the theory learning for example practical on Saturday and
theory learning on Tuesday so the students can focus more on the one thing.
Give more time for the practical task so the students can do it properly without rushing.
Lecturer should give briefing clearly and make the students fully understood.

28

CONCLUSION
Firstly we thank to god for gives the strength to us to finish this practical. From this practical,
many things we have learned. This is because the tacheometry combined all the surveying
aspects included traversing and levelling. This practical also adventure but with patient we
managed to face it excellently. For example, we have to face hot day and raining day. On the hot
day, the instrument could not function properly, it would give many different reading even it is at
the same target. We also have learned about how to get land profile from tacheometry practical.
The structure of our land flat so it reduce the probability of disturbance while doing this
practical. Lastly, we are very happy doing this practical.
REFERENCES
-Puan Rohayu Harun Narashid
-Practical Handout

29

APPENDIX

30