Man made Global Warming. An alternative view.

Global warming has now been replaced by climate change. This change
of description is significant because in using it the claims made by the
global warming lobby can be expanded by that lobby to include not only
man made global warming but also changes in world weather, also said to
be man made.

I have become sceptical about man made global warming and man made
climate change. I set out below some matters for consideration. This is in
no way scientific. I cannot prove any of it. It is based upon what I have
seen and read. Either it will be persuasive or it will not. The reader must
decide. However, a limited search of the internet will corroborate what I
have said, if you take the trouble to do it.

1. The Atmosphere.

The increase of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) in the atmosphere is said to be

responsible for global warming. This is the main plank in the argument of
the global warming lobby.

The atmosphere consists of water vapour (90%), and various gases

including carbon dioxide. The amount of carbon dioxide contributed by
mankind is 0.12%. The percentage of carbon dioxide has increased in the
last 50 years or so from 240 parts per million to the present level of 380
parts per million. In the long distant past the amount of carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere has been as high as 1,800 parts per million. (Long before
humans stated to produce carbon dioxide).

Carbon dioxide is essential for human and animal and plant life on earth.
The following is an extract from, ”A Primer on Global Warming:
Dispelling CO2 Myths” by Dr Jay Lehr, Science Director of The
Heartlands Institute in the USA. The full article is shown in Appendix 2.

“CO2 is not a pollutant.

On the contrary, carbon dioxide makes crops and forests grow faster.
Satellite mapping shows the Earth has become about 6 percent greener
overall in the past two decades, with forests expanding into arid regions.
The Amazon rain forest was the biggest gainer, with two tons of
additional biomass per acre per year”.
So, we are asked to believe that manmade carbon dioxide, which is barely
one tenth of one percent of the atmosphere, is responsible for man made
global warming. Ask yourself if this is really likely.

2. Is there any actual warming?

I think we can all agree that there are natural fluctuations in the
temperature of the Earth from one year to the next. For example, the
summers of 1975 and 1976 were long and hot and dry. In 1975 this
weather lasted from spring until late summer and in 1976 from spring
until the end of August. Britain literally turned brown. I know. I was
there. Was this due to man made global warming? No, it was not, and
nobody claims that it was. It was due to a natural variation in climate and
because The Jet Stream (referred to later), another natural variation the
position of which changes from year to year, was further to the North
than usual.

It would be natural to expect some warming over the centuries because

the Earth is still emerging from the last Ice Age and from the mini ice age
that ended around 1,700 AD.

There may have been some warming in the last decade. I say may have
been because there is some doubt that the published temperature figures
are correct. Take, for example, The United States of America. This
country was once thought to be the place to start in examining reliable
temperature records going back at least 150 years. But recently doubt has
been cast about the reliability of these records because of the places
where temperature monitoring stations were situated. An American
scientist started to survey the positions where these monitoring stations
were situated. He found that most of the ones surveyed were in urban
areas and most of them were in quite unsuitable places next to air
conditioning units and in car parks and near other heat sources which
could not help but distort the records. The U.S. authorities tried to stop
this survey by refusing to provide information on where these stations
were situated. There was a court case and the court ordered the
information released under the Freedom of Information legislation. So,
the survey continues.

Even so, let us assume that there has been some warming over the last
decade. There is no evidence that any such warming is due to carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere or that it is man made. There is no evidence
that this is not part of a natural fluctuation.
There seems little doubt that cities are getting warmer by around 1 degree
Celsius over a century. This is man made, but it is to be expected. Cities
have grown enormously over the last century and more people means
more heat for a variety of reasons. This is known as the Urban Heat
Island effect. It is not a representative part of global warming. A survey
has been carried out in the U.S.A comparing temperature readings taken
from monitoring stations in urban areas with those in rural areas. The
results are startling. Those taken in urban areas show a small increase in
temperature (the Urban Heat Island effect) whereas those from the rural
areas shown no increases at all. None. Some show slight cooling. For
example, New York City shows a small increase over a century but
Albany in the north of New York State shows no increase at all.

3. Computer models versus empirical observational data.

The United Nations International Panel on Climate Change (I.P.C.C.) is

possibly the main advocate of man made global warming and climate
change. Its predictions are based on computer models which purport to
predict temperature levels a century ahead. Yet they will not allow the
raw data on which the computer models are allegedly based to be released
for scientific analysis. This is contrary to the usual way science works.
Normally, a scientist who promotes a particular theory publishes his or
her findings and the raw data upon which those findings are based so that
the theory can be subjected to peer review by other scientists. Either the
theory stands up to scientific scrutiny or it does not. If it does it becomes
part of settled science. If not, it is discarded. So responsible scientists are
very, very careful in their research and findings because they know these
will be subject to scientific scrutiny. So, what of the scientists who
promulgate theories but refuse to publish the raw data on which those
theories are based. Well, decide for yourselves.

There is great doubt, to say the least, that computer models can be used to
predict the climate one hundred years ahead. Yet, the man made global
warming theory depends on them. What you get out of a computer model
depends on what you put into it. The information can be manipulated or
just plain wrong.

So, the predictions about man made global warming and climate change
depend on computer models. They are not based on actual empirical
observational data, which is the only information a true scientist would
accept.
4. The University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit.

This is one of four main centres in the world for climate research and it
supplies, with the others, the climate information upon which the I.P.C.C.
predicts disaster and catastrophe fifty to one hundred years ahead. The
unit has received some $20 million dollars for its research. It has recently
been thoroughly discredited. A whistleblower who works for the unit has
released copies of thousands of e-mails generated by the unit over a
number of years. These show that the unit has manipulated the data to
conform to their theories.

The unit has consistently refused to publish or make available the raw
data on which its theories and computer models are based despite the fact
that legally this information should be made available under the Freedom
of Information Act in the UK. It has even tried to destroy e-mails which
incriminate them. This is a crime.

Don’t take my word for it. Read about it on the internet for yourselves.

5. The UK Meteorological Office.

The Meteorological Office has a link with the University of East Anglia
Climate Research Unit. It takes their data.

Recently, the Met. Office announced that it was going to release and
publish their own raw temperature data from places all over the world.
Great, I thought. Some light would be shone on the climate debate at last.
This information would be based on observed and recorded data and not
on computer models. But no.

The information has been published but the Met. Office has said that it
will take them three years to analyse the data. Now, like me, you may
wonder why the raw data has not already been analysed by the Met.
Office and how they can take a position on data which has not yet been
analysed.

This may be why they are unable to forecast the weather more than one
week ahead. The notion that they can predict the climate fifty to one
hundred years ahead would be hilarious if it were not so dangerous and
damaging. Does anyone remember them predicting that 2009 would be a
good summer? They predicted the summer would be a hot and dry,
“barbeque summer”. Do you think it was?
6. The Sun.

Hands up all those who think that the Sun might have a major effect on
the temperatures of the Earth.

Call me old fashioned, but I live in Spain and I know that when the Sun is
shining I am hot and when it is not I am not so hot.

Generally, there is little published science that supports any correlation

between sun activity and the temperature of the Earth. This does not
mean this is none, but simply that there is little scientific published work
that supports it. But wait. There is something. There is an article by
Stephen Wilde dated 21 May 2008 which says, inter alia, “Having
observed the apparent failure of the models with their speculative CO2
component and having seen the relative success of the solar and
astronomic influences at anticipating real world changes I have written
this article to draw attention to what I consider to be the underlying real
world process of global temperature change. Global temperature is
controlled quite precisely (although it is difficult to calculate) by solar
energy modulated by a number of overlapping and interlinked oceanic
cycles each operating on different time scales and being of varying
intensities, sometimes offsetting one another and sometimes
complementing one another. Any other single influence such as an
enhanced greenhouse effect from CO2 is just one of a plethora of other
potential but relatively minor influences which as often as not offset one
another and leave the solar/oceanic driver unchallenged in terms of
scale”.
Stephen Wilde is a Fellow of The Royal Meteorological Society and has
been since 1968. His full article, which is quite convincing, called “The
real link between solar energy, ocean cycles and global temperatures”,
can be read at www.climaterealists.com

So, is it likely that the sun (and other factors not including carbon
dioxide) affects the temperature of the Earth? Well, yes. Let’s go, for
once, with logic and common sense.

7. The Jet Stream.

Below is an explanation of the Jet Stream provided by the UK

Meteorological Office. I have included this to save time and to provide a
better explanation than I could give.
“Jet streams are narrow fast flowing "rivers" of air. They are formed by
temperature differences in the upper atmosphere, between the cold polar
air and the warm tropical air. This abrupt change in temperature causes a
large pressure difference, which forces the air to move.

In our latitude the jet stream is generally found at around 35,000 feet and
is called the Polar Front Jet Stream. The polar jet stream, as its name
implies, separates the cold polar air to the north and the warm sub-
tropical air to the south.

With the temperature contrast of these air masses greatest in the winter
time, the jet stream is stronger at this time of the year, reaching 300 miles
per hour (but have been measured at over 400 miles an hour in southwest
Scotland). Jet streams are typically thousands of miles long, hundreds of
miles wide and a few miles deep.

Entering and leaving a jet stream can be a turbulent time for any aircraft...

With these kinds of speeds you see why aeroplanes are so keen to use
them, saving both time and fuel, and therefore money. However, to
navigate in a jet stream is not as easy as you might think. Entering and
leaving a jet stream can be a turbulent time for any aircraft no matter how
big it is.

The strong winds along the jet stream generally blow from west to east
due to the rotation of the earth. That is why, especially in winter time,
flights from the USA often land early in this country as they are blown
along by these very strong winds. (Incidentally it is also the reason for
some "bumpy" rides with clear air turbulence). Planes never land early
going the other way.

Jet streams move north and south too, following the boundary between
warmer and colder air. These boundaries are also where weather fronts
generally develop, so when a front passes overhead, bringing wind and
rain, it is quite likely that a jet stream is passing undetected too.

The wind direction in the jet stream can change from the normal west to
east to almost north to south. This is one of the methods that the Earth
uses to transport excess heat from the equatorial regions towards the
poles, and in turn bring cold polar air southwards. It also helps to steer
our Atlantic weather depressions from their normal eastward movement.
At times it can even block their movements altogether. Jet streams can
strengthen up or even die out so.
Jet streams do play a more fundamental role in our weather.

Many years ago meteorologists thought that the rain bearing depressions
that invade us from the Atlantic, formed at the sea level and "grew" up
through the atmosphere. It now seems more likely that they start to form
around the jet streams and percolate downwards.

The winds in the jet stream do not necessarily blow at a constant speed or
in a straight line. Within this fast moving air there are accelerations and
decelerations as the air speeds up, slows down or in fact changes
direction. It is at these points in the atmosphere that high and low
pressures starts to form, and either moves quickly in the wind flow, or
develops into a bigger depression or anticyclone. These positive or
negative acceleration points are very important to the weather forecaster
and these occur at the entrance and exits of the jet stream.

Meteorologists used to spend a long time looking for them on the high
level weather maps. Now this task is performed by a computer. By
looking at a simple diagram of a jet stream it is possible to pick out the
areas below which a depression or anticyclone is most likely to form.

This is the fundamental way that forecasters use jet streams to try to
predict whether and where a rain-bearing depression will form, and if it
forms whether it will develop into a full blown storm which may cause
structural damage as it rushes in from the Atlantic, or whether it will just
be a little blip in the fine weather that rushes along at 60 miles per hour”.

The position of the Jet Stream has a major effect on weather in the
Northern Hemisphere and elsewhere. Generally, it brings bad weather to
countries below it. It is sometimes at higher latitudes and sometimes at
lower ones. The position of the Jet Stream is determined by atmospheric
pressure over the Azores in mid-atlantic. Higher pressure pushes the Jet
Stream further north and lower pressure allows it to be further south.
Whether atmospheric pressure over the Azores is high or low depends on
whether a large body of water along the west coast of South America is
warm or cold. Sounds bizarre does it not? But it is true.

For example, when the Jet Stream is further north the countries in
northern Europe do not get its bad weather and vice versa. This is the
reason why some countries like Spain get consistently good weather. The
Jet Stream rarely descends to that latitude.
So, shall we blame carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for some of the bad
weather or shall we blame the Jet Stream? You decide.

8. El Nino.

Again, I show below a copy of an article on this phenomenon. I know it is

long but I urge you to read it.

“The El Niño Effect

El Niño is a severe atmospheric and oceanic disturbance in the Pacific

Ocean that occurs every seven to fourteen years. It is called El Niño,
meaning “the Child”, because it usually appears near the Christmas
season. Warm surface waters flow from the central Pacific towards the
eastern Pacific, suppressing the cold, nutrient-rich upwelling of the
Humboldt Current off the coast of South America. This disturbance leads
to a fall in the number of plankton, wreaking havoc upon the entire ocean
food chain and devastating the fishing industry.
The influence of these currents also leads to a complete reversal of the
trade winds, bringing torrential rain, flooding, and mudslides to the
usually dry coastal areas of Peru and Ecuador. Another result is the
collapse of the monsoons in Asia, which can bring severe drought to
Indonesia and northern Australia. The phenomenon also causes severe
weather disturbances in other parts of the world, such as droughts in areas
of Africa and central North America.

Nature's Vicious Cycle (by National Geographic)

It rose out of the tropical Pacific in late 1997, bearing more energy than a
million Hiroshima bombs. By the time it had run its course eight months
later, the giant El Niño of 1997-98 had deranged weather patterns around
the world, killed an estimated 2,100 people, and caused at least 33 billion
[U.S.] dollars in property damage.
Peru was where it all began, but El Niño’s abnormal effects on the main
components of climate—sunshine, temperature, atmospheric pressure,
wind, humidity, precipitation, cloud formation, and ocean currents—
changed weather patterns across the equatorial Pacific and in turn around
the globe. Indonesia and surrounding regions suffered months of drought.
Forest fires burned furiously in Sumatra, Borneo, and Malaysia, forcing
drivers to use their headlights at noon. The haze traveled thousands of
miles to the west into the ordinarily sparkling air of the Maldive Islands,
limiting visibility to half a mile [0.8 kilometer] at times.
Temperatures reached 108°F [42°C] in Mongolia; Kenya’s rainfall was
40 inches [100 centimeters] above normal; central Europe suffered record
flooding that killed 55 in Poland and 60 in the Czech Republic; and
Madagascar was battered with monsoons and cyclones. In the U.S.
mudslides and flash floods flattened communities from California to
Mississippi, storms pounded the Gulf Coast, and tornadoes ripped
Florida.
By the time the debris settled and the collective misery was tallied, the
devastation had in some respects exceeded even that of the El Niño of
1982-83, which killed 2,000 worldwide and caused about 13 billion
dollars in damage.
And that’s not the end of it. It is not uncommon for an El Niño winter to
be followed by a La Niña one—where climate patterns and worldwide
effects are, for the most part, the opposite of those produced by El Niño.
Where there was flooding there is drought, where winter weather was
abnormally mild, it turns abnormally harsh. La Niñas have followed El
Niños three times in the past 15 years—after the 1982-83 event and after
those of 1986-87 and 1995. Signs of another La Niña began to show up
by June 1998.
Over the years, the appearance of La Niña has been less predictable than
that of El Niño, and fewer of its effects have been recorded. But both
patterns are now far better understood than ever before. That is because
the most recent El Niño will be the first to be remembered for more than
just a litany of disasters. The 1997-98 El Niño marked the first time in
human history that climate scientists were able to predict abnormal
flooding and droughts months in advance, allowing time for threatened
populations to prepare. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) first announced a possible El Niño as early as
April 1997; Australia and Japan followed a month later. By summer
detailed predictions were available for many regions”.

There is also a report from The World Health Organisation on El Nino.

“El Niño and its health impact

Every few years, an unusually warm current flows off the western coast
of South America. Its appearance after Christmas lead sailors in Peru to
christen it El Niño, the Christ-child in Spanish.
Like a child, it is sometimes unpredictable, and sometimes creates havoc.
In El Niño's case, it brings natural disasters such as storms, floods and
droughts and famine in far-flung parts of the world.
The term El Niño is nowadays used to refer to the periods of strong and
prolonged warm weather, which influence the climate worldwide. The
periods of the warm waters in eastern Pacific (El Niño) and periods of
cooler waters (La Niña) are accompanied by changes of air pressure in
the east and west Pacific: these are called the Southern Oscillation. The
whole cycle is now referred to as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
The effects of La Niña are generally less pronounced and tend to be the
opposite of those of El Niño.
• El Niño events occur irregularly, about every 2-7 years.
• They last from 12 to 18 months.
• The El Niño event begins with the weakening of the prevailing
winds in the Pacific and a shift in rainfall patterns.
• The events are associated with extreme weather (floods and
drought) in countries surrounding the Pacific and much further
afield.
• Prolonged dry periods may occur in South-east Asia, Southern
Africa and Northern Australia and heavy rainfall, sometimes with
flooding, in Peru and Ecuador.
• During a typical El Niño, the Asian monsoon usually weakens and
is pushed towards equator, often bringing summer drought to
north-west and central regions of India and heavy rainfall in the
north-east.
• The regions where El Niño has a strong effect on climate are those
with the least resources : southern Africa, parts of South America,
South-east Asia.
The number of people killed, injured or made homeless by natural
disasters is increasing alarmingly. This is partly due to population growth
and the concentration of population in high-risk areas like coastal zones
and cities. Their vulnerability to extreme weather conditions is also
increasing. For example:
• Large shanty towns with flimsy habitations are often located on
land subject to frequent flooding.
• In many areas the only places available to poor communities may
be marginal land with few natural defences against weather
extremes.
Large year–to-year fluctuations of natural disasters, some of which can be
explained by El Niño, are described as the El Niño disaster cycle.
• The risk of a natural disaster is highest in the years during and after
the appearance of El Niño and lowest in the years before.
• El Niño events 1982-83 and 1997-98, the most recent, were the
largest this century.
• El Niño is associated with death and disease, most of which result
from weather-related disasters such as floods and droughts.
• In 1997 Central Ecuador and Peru suffered rainfall more than 10
times normal, which caused flooding, extensive erosion and
 mudslides with loss of lives, destruction of homes and food
supplies.
• In the same year nearly 10% of all health facilities in Peru were
damaged.
• The 1991-92 El Niño brought the worst drought in southern Africa
this century, which affected nearly 100 million people.
• Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia suffered serious malaria epidemics after
heavy rainfall in 1983 El Niño. The epidemic in Ecuador was badly
exacerbated by displacement of population owing to the flooding.
• The most expensive natural disaster ever, Hurricane Andrew,
happened during the same 1991-92 El Niño although El Niño
usually reduces hurricane activity.
• During the 1997 El Niño droughts hit Malaysia, Indonesia and
Brazil, exacerbating the huge forest fires. Smoke inhalation from
these fires was a major public health problem in these countries,
with countless people visiting health facilities with respiratory
problems”.

Wow! The terrible destruction caused around the world by “deranged

weather” and storms, flooding, drought and famine in 1997/98 was
caused by El Nino and La Nina and not by carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere and global warming. I wonder if anyone told the I.P.C.C. and
the global warming lobby. I think I’ll send them an e-mail.

You may say that the 1997/98 El Nino was over ten years ago and what
about the present. Well, as stated above, El Nino occurs every 2 to 7
years and lasts from 12 to 18 months. It is almost always with us. It is a
question of extent.

9. Rising Sea Levels.

Below are part of an article by Dr Tim Ball and an article by William

Robert Johnston, both of which are self-explanatory.

“Sea Level Rise; A Major Non-existent Threat Exploited by

Alarmists by Tim Ball
Tuesday, July 7th 2009, 4:26 AM EDT
(Dr Tim Ball is former Professor of Climatology at the University of
Winnipeg).

Sea level has risen as the vast continental glaciers formed during the last
ice age melted. It was some 150 meters (490 feet) lower 18,000 years ago
and has risen since that time. The massive glaciers were built up by water
evaporating from the oceans and accumulating as snow on the land that
changed to ice. Melt began 18,000 years ago but most occurred from
15,000 to 8000 years ago and sea level rose at an average rate of 14 mm a
year. From 3000 to 100 years ago the rise was approximately 0.2 mm.
Now sea level rise is directly and simplistically linked to melting glaciers
and in turn linked to global warming.

Originally a grossly simplistic theory asked how much would sea level
rise if the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets melt completely; the total
water was then added to current sea level. The problem is much of the ice
is already in the ocean so won’t add to the level. In addition, water
expands by about 6% when it freezes so the space occupied by ice below
sea level will hold 6% more water. Similarly, ice above sea level will
produce 6% less water by volume. Then there are the adjustments the
land will make as the weight of the ice is removed. But all this is assumes
total melt and is unlikely for thousand of years if at all because the
average temperatures of both Greenland and Antarctica are below –20°C
(-4°F)”

“Facts and figures on sea level rise

by Wm. Robert Johnston
last updated 5 April 2002

Those that allege that climate change poses an imminent threat often cite
rising sea level and/or its indirect effects. Rising sea level is, of course,
said to result from rising global temperatures caused by man-made
emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases. This article will present
some facts and figures relating to the specific claims regarding sea level
rise.
The scientific facts regarding climate change in general should be pointed
out. The global warming hypothesis claims that man-made emissions of
carbon dioxide and other gases have caused global temperature to
increase in the 20th century and will cause further increase in the 21st
century, with abundant negative side effects. This hypothesis is not
supported by scientific observations. The 20th century temperature
increases largely occurred prior to the largest increase in atmospheric
carbon dioxide. The widely acclaimed temperature increases in the 1980s
and 1990s most likely are flawed readings affected by urban heat-island
effects: independent atmospheric readings show relatively constant global
temperatures for the past 50 years. Despite claims to the contrary, a
majority of scientists (both in general and in fields related to atmospheric
physics) do not accept the global warming hypothesis as fact.
Even though the claims of future sea level rise hinge on this hypothesis,
examination of these claims is useful to clarifying some popular
misconceptions.
The United Nations International Panel on Climate Change is an
international group of scientists, politicians, and others which have met
several times, each time producing a "consensus" statement regarding
predictions and proposed responses regarding climate change. The last
few statements are tied to the Kyoto Protocol treaty, which would
selectively restrict carbon dioxide emissions and other activities. The
politicized nature of this "scientific" conference has been addressed by
others; what follows are its claims regarding sea level rise.
The IPCC's 2001 report predicts that global average sea level will rise by
10 to 80 centimeters (median estimate 48 centimeters) by the year 2100.
This will result from thermal expansion of ocean waters, net melting of
glaciers, and net melting of polar icecaps. Predicted consequences include
coastal flooding, incursion of salt water into coastal freshwater supplies,
and a host of other effects. It might also be noted that environmental
organizations have extended these predictions. For example, the UCS and
ESA recently predicted sea level increases of up to 1 meter along the U.S.
Gulf Coast by combining IPCC predictions with ground subsistence
projections. By combining well-established effects with highly
questionable predictions, they prevent straightforward testing of their
predictions.
Currently there are 28,700,000 cubic kilometers of icecaps and glaciers in
the world. This includes grounded ice in Antarctica and Greenland;
floating ice shelves in the Arctic Ocean and seas near Antarctica; and
glaciers in various mountain regions of the world. This represents the
remaining unmelted ice from the last ice age, when total ice volume was
about 3 times greater (and world sea levels about 120 meters lower).
Calving of icebergs from floating ice sheets is periodically cited as an
indicator of climate change. Regardless of the cause, even the complete
melting of the ice sheets would have no effect on sea level. This is a
consequence of Archimedes' principle of buoyancy. The mass of floating
ice (above and below water both) is identical to the mass of the water
displaced. If the ice melts into water, its density decreases but is mass is
the same, and water level is unchanged. There are potential side effects to
large scale melting of ice sheets. One is a decreased reflectivity of the
Earth's surface; due to clouds and low sunlight angles near the poles the
consequences are minimized. Another is a change in ocean currents in the
Arctic Ocean.
Those that express concern over an increase in sea level make the implicit
assumption that the current stability in sea level is normal. Currently the
Earth is exiting a period of glaciation. As seen in the graph, rising sea
level has been the norm for the last 20,000 years, not the exception. The
average rate of sea level rise in this period was 60 centimeters per
century.

Fig. 1: Rate of sea level rise (in cm/century) vs. year (from 18000 BC to
2000 AD); derived from graph by Lambeck cited in IPCC's Climate
Change 2001

Consider the following: in the IPCC's predictions, 20% of the expected

sea level rise over the next century is due to net melting of continental ice
(outside Greenland and Antarctica). This would require that 20% of the
Earth's continental ice melt in the next century. This ice is the remnant of
the ice cover from the last ice age; what remains is 0.4% of the ice cover
at the last peak of glaciation. On one hand, for this ice to melt in the next
century would involve a rate of melting only one-fourth of the average
over the last 20,000 years. Probably more relevant is the fact that this ice
has apparently been hard to melt.
Limited data suggests that around the mid 1800s the rate of sea level rise
increased to about 15 centimeters per century. This rate has apparently
remained constant for the past 150 years; various tidal gauge
measurements during the last two decades give results comparable to this
rate. While some suggest a link between this and current man-made
carbon dioxide emissions, note the following: the observations suggest a
constant rate of sea level rise for the past 150 years, while rate of man-
made carbon dioxide emissions has increased over 100-fold.
Additionally, most of the cumulative rise in sea level preceded the
majority of cumulative carbon dioxide emissions. Global temperature
change and sea level rise do correlate with each other, but not with human
activities; thus it appears that both temperature and sea level are changing
principally due to natural phenomena.
Note that there are uncertainties even with these modern measurements of
sea level change. Tide gauge measurements for the past 150 years show
rising sea level at some locations and dropping sea level at others. The
primary factor is sinking and rising of the ground, respectively. The 15
cm per century sea level rise incorporates model-based adjustments for
these ground motions. Parts of Europe and North America are still rising
in adjustment to the removal of the ice sheets by melting over the past
several thousand years. Some sources question the accuracy of these sea
level rise rates because of limits in our understanding of this isostatic
rebound.
The IPCC predictions heavily depend on models that have limitations. It
is first necessary to model global climate change; these models make
assumptions regarding future increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide
and proceed to model global and regional changes in temperature,
precipitation, and other climatic factors. Models of sea level rise use these
results and further model mass-balance for the icecaps (considering
precipitation and melting) and thermal expansion of the oceans (requiring
modeling of changes in temperature-depth relations for the global
oceans). These models involve a high degree of uncertainty. The models
for temperature change fail miserably to predict temperature changes for
the last 20 years, yet their predictions for the next 100 years are still
assumed valid. Nearly all the models require "fudge" factors to correctly
simulate a steady state situation. The fact that the various models cited by
the IPCC give relatively consistent predictions does not reflect reliability;
the models have been adjusted to conform to each other, but fail to
conform to real world observations. When regional climate changes are
considered, the models give inconsistent and sometimes dramatically
contradictory results. Further, the models are modeling global carbon
dioxide balance, which is very poorly understood at this time. Sea-level
change models likewise attempt to model icecap mass balance, also
poorly constrained by current observations.
© 2001, 2002 by Wm. Robert Johnston.
Last modified 5 April 2002”.

So, small increases in sea level are entirely due to natural factors and
have been ongoing for thousands of years. Over the last 20,000 years
there has been an average rise of 60 centimeters per 100 years (i.e. not 60
centimetres per year – 60 centimetres in 100 years).

Yet we are told all the time by the global warmists that sea ice is melting
at an alarming rate due to global warming and that this will cause sea
levels to rise so much that disasters will result all over the world
including the complete disappearance of small island nations. Al Gore
predicts an increase of 20 feet by the end of the century. But, hey, let’s
not allow the facts to get in the way of a good scare.

10. Melting Ice.

Of the world’s ice, 90% is in Antarctica, 6% is in Greenland and the

Himalayas and the Alps and the remaining 4% is at the North Pole in the
Arctic. Generally speaking, the ice in Antarctica is not melting; it is
getting thicker.

The Greenland and Himalayas and Alps ice is not melting except as it
always does due to temperature variations as between summer and
winter.

That leaves the remaining 4% at the North Pole. There has been some
melting in recent years but this is nothing new and relates to floating ice
and not land based ice. It is due to the natural variations in the climate of
the Earth and changes in the Arctic Ocean currents and not due to carbon
dioxide and global warming. It has happened before, for example, in 1939
when sailors were able to navigate the North West Passage along the
northern coast of Canada. There is evidence that over the last two years
there has been a recovery in the extent of floating sea ice. One is
bombarded almost daily by the media with pictures of arctic ice
collapsing into the sea with dire warnings that this will increase sea levels
with catastrophic consequences for many parts of the world. These claims
are false and alarmist. Even if the entire floating ice cap melted it would
not result in any increase in sea levels. This is because Archimedes
Principle says that the volume of anything floating in water is exactly the
same as the volume of water it displaces. So, even if all the ice were to
melt it would add nothing to sea levels because the volume of ice (both
above and below the sea level) is exactly the same as the volume of water
it has occupied. The density of the ice would change but not its volume.
So, think about this one example of where the global warming lobby
cannot be correct. The logic is inescapable.

11. The Polar Bears.

We are told that the population of polar bears in the arctic is declining
and that they are facing extinction due to melting arctic sea ice so that
they can no longer effectively hunt seals which are their main food
source. This is simply not true.
“Polar bear expert barred by global warmists – Daily Telegraph 27
June 2009.

Mitchell Taylor, who has studied the animals for 30

years, was told his views 'are extremely unhelpful’
, reveals Christopher Booker

According to the world’s leading expert on polar bears, their

numbers are higher than they were 30 years ago. Photo: AP

Over the coming days a curiously revealing event will be taking place in
Copenhagen. Top of the agenda at a meeting of the Polar Bear Specialist
Group (set up under the International Union for the Conservation of
Nature/Species Survival Commission) will be the need to produce a
suitably scary report on how polar bears are being threatened with
extinction by man-made global warming.

This is one of a steady drizzle of events planned to stoke up alarm in the

run-up to the UN's major conference on climate change in Copenhagen
next December. But one of the world's leading experts on polar bears has
been told to stay away from this week's meeting, specifically because his
views on global warming do not accord with those of the rest of the
group.

Dr Mitchell Taylor has been researching the status and management

of polar bears in Canada and around the Arctic Circle for 30 years,
as both an academic and a government employee. More than once
since 2006 he has made headlines by insisting that polar bear
numbers, far from decreasing, are much higher than they were 30
years ago. Of the 19 different bear populations, almost all are
increasing or at optimum levels, only two have for local reasons
modestly declined.

Dr Taylor agrees that the Arctic has been warming over the last 30 years.
But he ascribes this not to rising levels of CO2 – as is dictated by the
computer models of the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change and believed by his PBSG colleagues – but to currents bringing
warm water into the Arctic from the Pacific and the effect of winds
blowing in from the Bering Sea.

He has also observed, however, how the melting of Arctic ice,

supposedly threatening the survival of the bears, has rocketed to the top
of the warmists' agenda as their most iconic single cause. The famous
photograph of two bears standing forlornly on a melting iceberg was
produced thousands of times by Al Gore, the WWF and others as an
emblem of how the bears faced extinction – until last year the
photographer, Amanda Byrd, revealed that the bears, just off the
Alaska coast, were in no danger. Her picture had nothing to do with
global warming and was only taken because the wind-sculpted ice
they were standing on made such a striking image.

Dr Taylor had obtained funding to attend this week's meeting of the

PBSG, but this was voted down by its members because of his views on
global warming. The chairman, Dr Andy Derocher, a former university
pupil of Dr Taylor's, frankly explained in an email (which I was not sent
by Dr Taylor) that his rejection had nothing to do with his undoubted
expertise on polar bears: "it was the position you've taken on global
warming that brought opposition".

Dr Taylor was told that his views running "counter to human-induced

climate change are extremely unhelpful". His signing of the Manhattan
Declaration – a statement by 500 scientists that the causes of climate
change are not CO2 but natural, such as changes in the radiation of the
sun and ocean currents – was "inconsistent with the position taken by the
PBSG".

So, as the great Copenhagen bandwagon rolls on, stand by this week for
reports along the lines of "scientists say polar bears are threatened with
extinction by vanishing Arctic ice". But also check out Anthony Watt's
Watts Up With That website for the latest news of what is actually
happening in the Arctic. The average temperature at midsummer is
still below zero, the latest date that this has happened in 50 years of
record-keeping. After last year's recovery from its September 2007
low, this year's ice melt is likely to be substantially less than for some
time. The bears are doing fine”.

In the 1950’s the polar bear population was estimated at 5,000. In the
1960’s the population dropped due to over-hunting. When restrictions
were imposed on hunting in the early 1970’s the populations rebounded.
Today the populations have risen to 20,000 to 25,000.

You will not get this information from the global warming lobby. They
want you to think that polar bears are in peril. They brook no dissent.
Their minds are firmly made up to the exclusion of all else. Note above
that Dr Mitchell Taylor, a world expert on polar bears, was excluded from
the Polar Bear Specialist Group because of his views on global warming.

12. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation.

This phenomenon may well be a major force in climate change. However,

it is far too complicated for me to attempt to describe it.

See Appendix 3 - Global Warming as a Natural Response to Cloud

Changes Associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)
by Roy W. Spencer, Ph.D.
October 20, 2008 (updated December 29, 2008)

13. Carbon capture and storage.

There are plans, well under way, to prevent carbon dioxide gas from
escaping into the atmosphere by trapping it and then turning it into liquid
gas. Experimental plants have already been set up and are operating. This
is already big business and it will become bigger.

The plan, then, is to bury all this liquid gas underground. The liquid gas is
to be forced underground in huge mountains containing non-porous rock
at the upper levels and porous rock at lower levels so that once injected
the gas cannot escape. The cost of this will clearly be enormous and
someone is going to make a great deal of money out of it.

Can anyone see the absurdity of this? Huge amounts of money, time and
effort are to be expended to prevent a natural gas from escaping into the
atmosphere when there is not a shred of evidence that carbon dioxide is
responsible for global warming or climate change.
In addition, we see, even now, that the industrial nations of the world are
not really serious in their intention to limit the production of carbon
dioxide, despite their rigid adherence to the man made global warming
and climate change myths. They intend to go on producing it but will trap
it and bury it.

Another example of the intention of the industrial nation to go on

producing carbon dioxide is carbon credits. As I understand it, the
underdeveloped nations of the world will be awarded carbon credits
which they will probably not need because they are undeveloped and are
unlikely to produce their own carbon dioxide emissions. Then they will
be free to sell their carbon credits to the industrial nations which will use
them to go on producing more carbon dioxide of their own.

14. The Motive of the global warming and climate change lobby.

This is the most difficult topic to cover. When considering the arguments
put forward to challenge the theories and predictions of the warmists,
people ask what possible motives could most governments of the world
and The United Nations and large numbers of scientists and many
millions of people have to pursue an agenda so which is not supported by
the science and where there is absolutely no evidence that carbon dioxide
causes global warming and climate change and a dramatic rise in sea
levels. It is simply incredible, is it not? In other words, people do not
approach the matter in a balanced logical way and examine the arguments
on both sides. They simply accept what the global warming lobby says
because they think that most governments, scientists, etc, could not be
pursuing such a bogus agenda. It is unthinkable, isn’t it?

Well, I do not have the answer. Some say it gives governments control
over their populations. That it promotes fear. That it allows taxation. That
environment fanatics are intent on scaling back industrial production.
That it allow many scientists to get large money grants to pursue their
research. I do not know. I can only wonder at it.

15. The cost in money.

The money cost of pursuing the agenda of the warmists will be absolutely
enormous. Recently, the European Union has committed 6.5 billion euros
to the help developing nations overcome the effects of global warming
and climate change, of which 1.5 billion is to come from the United
Kingdom. They say that as much as 100 billion will be needed in due
course. And that is by the European Union alone. Wonder about how
much will be spent by all the other developed countries of the world.

Consider what such large amounts of money could be used for. To feed
the hungry. To provide clean water supplies. To provide medicines and
medical treatment. To eradicate disease. To provide education. To
provide proper housing. Etc. etc. etc.

But not to worry, they say. The funds to be made available will not affect
the money available for aid to the third world. I do not believe it. The
record of the first world in providing aid to the third world is already
lamentable. Tiny amounts are promised and much of this never gets there.

16. The cost to humanity.

If the objectives of the warmists are to be achieved the economies of the

developed world countries would have to be severely restricted, as would
those of the third world. In order to meet their carbon emission targets,
governments would have to severely limit their industries, the generation
of power supplies which there is no hope in hell of replacing by
renewable sources of energy, car production and use, transport, aviation,
defence, shipping etc. etc. etc. Standards of living would fall. Large
unemployment would result.

The third world would not be able to develope. They would not be able to
become richer with all the consequences this would bring in respect of
health, education, living standards, food production etc. etc. etc.

17. The climate sceptics.

There is nothing wrong with being a sceptic. Sceptic is not a dirty word
as it is to the warmists. It is quite respectable. It is what thinking people
are supposed to be. Sceptics are anathema to the warmists. They hate
them. They will not listen to them. They castigate them. Only a few days
ago, Gordon Brown, the British Prime Minister said on BBC news that
climate sceptics were, “flat earthers”. How absolutely appalling. My own
Prime Minister calls me, and millions like me, a flat earther simply
because I, and they, have a different but perfectly legitimate point of
view. To me, there is an irony in one of the actual flat earthers calling
climate sceptics flat earthers. But he is a warmist. He is firmly on the
bandwagon and he cannot get off without disastrous consequences. He is
totally committed. His mind is totally made up. He will not listen to any
alternative point of view on global warming and climate change however
persuasive that point of view may be.

Much is made of the fact that some 4,000 scientists have signed up to
man made global warming and climate change. This is not entirely
surprising because they make a good living from it and they get large
amounts of money in grants for their research.

However, there are many, many more scientists who are climate sceptics.
I have read that there are as many as 30,000. These are not “Loony
Tunes” scientists. They are perfectly respectable scientists working in the
fields of meteorology, climatology, physics, chemistry, mathematics,
biology etc.

The following is a copy of an open letter sent to the Secretary-General of

the United Nations signed by around 150 eminent scientists.

Open Letter to Secretary-General of United Nations

Wednesday, December 9th 2009, 2:07 AM EST
Co2sceptic (Site Admin)

Dear Secretary-General,

Climate change science is in a period of ‘negative discovery’ - the more

we learn about this exceptionally complex and rapidly evolving field the
more we realize how little we know. Truly, the science is NOT settled.

Therefore, there is no sound reason to impose expensive and restrictive

public policy decisions on the peoples of the Earth without first providing
convincing evidence that human activities are causing dangerous climate
change beyond that resulting from natural causes. Before any precipitate
action is taken, we must have solid observational data demonstrating that
recent changes in climate differ substantially from changes observed in
the past and are well in excess of normal variations caused by solar
cycles, ocean currents, changes in the Earth's orbital parameters and other
natural phenomena.

We the undersigned, being qualified in climate-related scientific

disciplines, challenge the UNFCCC and supporters of the United Nations
Climate Change Conference to produce convincing OBSERVATIONAL
EVIDENCE for their claims of dangerous human-caused global warming
and other changes in climate. Projections of possible future scenarios
from unproven computer models of climate are not acceptable substitutes
for real world data obtained through unbiased and rigorous scientific
investigation.

Specifically, we challenge supporters of the hypothesis of dangerous

human-caused climate change to demonstrate that:

Variations in global climate in the last hundred years are significantly

outside the natural range experienced in previous centuries;

Humanity’s emissions of carbon dioxide and other ‘greenhouse gases’

(GHG) are having a dangerous impact on global climate;

Computer-based models can meaningfully replicate the impact of all of

the natural factors that may significantly influence climate;

Sea levels are rising dangerously at a rate that has accelerated with
increasing human GHG emissions, thereby threatening small islands and
coastal communities;

The incidence of malaria is increasing due to recent climate changes;

Human society and natural ecosystems cannot adapt to foreseeable

climate change as they have done in the past;

Worldwide glacier retreat, and sea ice melting in Polar Regions , is

unusual and related to increases in human GHG emissions;

Polar bears and other Arctic and Antarctic wildlife are unable to adapt to
anticipated local climate change effects, independent of the causes of
those changes;

Hurricanes, other tropical cyclones and associated extreme weather

events are increasing in severity and frequency;
Data recorded by ground-based stations are a reliable indicator of surface
temperature trends.

It is not the responsibility of ‘climate realist’ scientists to prove that

dangerous human-caused climate change is not happening. Rather, it is
those who propose that it is, and promote the allocation of massive
investments to solve the supposed ‘problem’, who have the obligation to
convincingly demonstrate that recent climate change is not of mostly
natural origin and, if we do nothing, catastrophic change will ensue. To
date, this they have utterly failed to do so”.

The above is self explanatory. It is reproduced in full in Appendix 4

which contains a full list of the scientists who signed. Look at who they
are and the positions they hold.

You will note that they are asking for convincing observational evidence
not based on computer models but on factual raw observational data on
the matters listed. What could be more reasonable? If there is any such
evidence why would it not be released for scrutiny if there is nothing to
hide? Who could refuse such a reasonable request? But he will.

Why would any rational person take any notice of any organisation which
makes predictions which affect the entire world and its populations and
which refuses to support its position with actual evidence? This is science
turned on its head.

The Manhattan Declaration is similar to the above and was signed or

endorsed in 2008 by around a thousand scientists. The full declaration
and lists of endorsers is shown on Appendix 5. Again. Look at the names
and the positions they hold.

18. The Media including the BBC.

It is surprisingly easy to create mass hysteria if the media is with you and
very difficult to reverse it if they are not. Some years ago, a doctor in the
UK linked the triple vaccine MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) with
the incidence of autism in children. He maintained that the single
vaccines were safe but that the triple one was not. At the time, there had
been an increase in autism in children. He was believed, despite the fact
that medical scientist all over the world had said that there was no link
with autism and that the MMR vaccine was safe. The result was that
parents stopped having the MMR triple vaccine for their children and had
the single vaccine instead leaving out vaccination against measles. Who
could blame them? The number of children vaccinated against measles
fell dramatically and even now has reached only 70%. Measles can be a
killer and many more children are now dying from measles.

The same has happened with global warming/climate change. The media
is firmly in the warmist camp and has been for many years. As far as they
are concerned the matter is settled. They have convinced most of the
world. Their reporting is entirely one sided and no effort is made to
publish alternative points of view. They report climate change as a fact.
The science is never examined or challenged. Recently, the editors of 52
newspapers have signed a declaration stating that they support the global
warming and climate change lobby. I naively thought that newspapers
and other media were supposed to be fiercely independent and report the
news in a considered and balanced way. To be fair, there are some
exceptions. The Daily Telegraph in the UK is allowing its reporters to
investigate and report alternative points of view. Perhaps this is to be
expected from the newspaper that exposed the scandal of parliamentary
expenses.

Unfortunately, the BBC is one of the main culprits. They, too, are firmly
in the warmists camp and they report global warming/climate change as a
fact. Despite their enormous resources, they do not investigate alternative
views and they do not broadcast in a balanced way. I am tired of seeing,
on the BBC, pictures of glaciers collapsing into the sea coupled with dire
warnings of rising sea levels and pictures of “stranded” polar bears facing
extinction.

The BBC used to have an unparalleled reputation for honest reporting. At

one time, if you heard it or saw it on the BBC you knew it was true. Alas,
no more. This despite the fact that the BBC is a public service
broadcaster funded entirely from public funds. It should be fiercely
independent and report in a balanced non partisan way. It does not. Its
first duty should be to the public and not political expediency.

The BBC had the story of the leaked e-mails from the East Anglia
University Climate Research Unit a month before the news was leaked on
the internet. They have admitted so. They did nothing. They sat on the
story. In fact, the whistleblower who leaked the e-mails made the mistake
of sending them to the media first thinking, no doubt, that they would
publish the story. They did not and so he had to leak them again onto the
internet.

I do not know about you, but I find this very scary. Have we reached a
point where we cannot rely on the media for the truth and where we have
to get it from the internet?

19. The information available and bias.

I have to caution the reader against bias. Mine. Everyone has a bias
whether they admit it or not. Bias tends to cause you to look for
information whish supports or confirms your own point of view. I have
tried not to do this but it has been difficult. On the one hand I can find no
evidence which supports the global warming/climate change lobby. This
is because there appears, incredibly, not to be any. This is illustrated by
the fact that the I.P.C.C. continues to rely on computer models for its
predictions and will not publish any evidence supporting their case. Thus
the open letter by the scientists to the Secretary-General of the United
Nations. The University of East Anglia has refused to publish the raw
data upon which their computer models are based to the point where they
have destroyed documents and may face prosecution under The Freedom
of Information Act in the UK for failing to comply with the law by
destroying documents they have a legal obligation to release. Their
refusal to release information is completely against normal scientific
protocol. One must draw ones own conclusion as to why these bodies
refuse to release their data.

The information provided by some warmists is too ludicrous to take

seriously. For example, Al Gore says that sea levels will rise 20 feet by
the end of the century. Not even the I.P.C.C. makes that claim. I saw him
on CNN on 14 December and he said that all the ice in the world was
melting and that there were droughts and fires and all sorts of other
disasters all over the world as a result of global warming. Clearly, he has
never heard of El Nino. This man has won a Nobel Prize for his
utterances on global warming (worth over a million pounds) and has
made an absolute fortune from his book and after dinner speeches
peddling his nonsense.

On the other hand, I have found a wealth of information from global

warming sceptics which I have found very persuasive. The internet is full
of it. Thank God for the internet. I cannot reproduce it all here. If you are
interested you will have no trouble finding it yourselves. Either it will
convince you or it will not.

20. The good news.

The first bit of good news is that there is no man made global warming or
climate change. None. Absolutely none. In addition, I believe that the
balance of debate will eventually change, if only over time. As they say,
time will tell. I think that many governments and politicians are going to
look very foolish in only a few years time.

The second bit of good news is that the global warming and climate
change lobby will never achieve their objectives. Not because reason will
prevail but because the governments of the world will never agree to
those objectives and even if they did, those objectives will never be
achieved. Their progress to date has been lamentable. They have failed
even to limit carbon dioxide emissions to previous levels and they will
never succeed in limiting those emissions in the future. There will be too
much resistance from the developed world. For example, the huge
economies of the United States, India and China are driven by the
burning of coal. Those three countries alone will never abandon industrial
grown to limit carbon dioxide emissions however much they pay lip
service to it.

The bad news is that the man made catastrophe which is the global
warming and climate change lobby will continue a while yet before they
are eventually exposed. In the meantime they will continue to spread
alarm and fear and misery throughout the world and many billions will be
spent and wasted.

21. Review.

Anyone reading this is welcome to review it. I would welcome any

feedback whether positive or negative. If you agree with what I have said
and share my concerns then please feel free to pass it on. The more the
better. If not, consign it to the electronic waste bin but, please, only after
you have made enquiries yourself.

Elwyn Roberts. December 2009.

E-mail address:- elwyn@roberts.us.com

22. References.

If you want to read more about this topic (and you should) please go to
www.climaterealists.com which contains many, many articles on the
subject written by well respected scientists.

A must must read is, “Monckton-caught green-handed”.

23. Appendices.

Appendix 1. Global Warming: Natural or Manmade? Dr Roy Spencer.

Appendix 2. A Primer on Global Warming: Dispelling CO2 Myths. Dr
Jay Lehr.
Appendix 3. Global warming as a natural response to cloud changes
associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Dr Roy Spencer.
Appendix 4. Open letter to The Secretary-General of The United Nations.
Appendix 5. The Manhattan Declaration on Climate Change.

Appendix 1.

Global Warming: Natural or Manmade?

Dr Roy Spencer. Ph.D.
Dr Roy Spencer is a Meteorologist and Principal Research Scientist
at the University of Alabama-Huntsville. He was formerly a
Senior Scientist at NASA where he and Dr John Cristy received
NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal for their
global temperature monitoring work with satellites.

“Global warming” refers to the global-average temperature increase that

has been observed over the last one hundred years or more. But to many
politicians and the public, the term carries the implication that mankind is
responsible for that warming. This website describes evidence from my
group’s government-funded research that suggests global warming is
mostly natural, and that the climate system is quite insensitive to
humanity’s greenhouse gas emissions and aerosol pollution.

Believe it or not, very little research has ever been funded to search for
natural mechanisms of warming…it has simply been assumed that global
warming is manmade. This assumption is rather easy for scientists since
we do not have enough accurate global data for a long enough period of
time to see whether there are natural warming mechanisms at work.

The United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

claims that the only way they can get their computerized climate models
to produce the observed warming is with anthropogenic (human-caused)
pollution. But they’re not going to find something if they don’t search for
it. More than one scientist has asked me, “What else COULD it be?”
Well, the answer to that takes a little digging… and as I show, one
doesn’t have to dig very far.
But first let’s examine the basics of why so many scientists think global
warming is manmade. Earth’s atmosphere contains natural greenhouse
gases (mostly water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane) which act to
keep the lower layers of the atmosphere warmer than they otherwise
would be without those gases. Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation
— the radiant heat energy that the Earth naturally emits to outer space in
response to solar heating. Mankind’s burning of fossil fuels (mostly coal,
petroleum, and natural gas) releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
and this is believed to be enhancing the Earth’s natural greenhouse effect.
As of 2008, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was
about 40% to 45% higher than it was before the start of the industrial
revolution in the 1800’s.

It is interesting to note that, even though carbon dioxide is necessary for

life on Earth to exist, there is precious little of it in Earth’s atmosphere.
As of 2008, only 39 out of every 100,000 molecules of air were CO2, and
it will take mankind’s CO2 emissions 5 more years to increase that
number by 1, to 40.

The “Holy Grail”: Climate Sensitivity Figuring out how much past
warming is due to mankind, and how much more we can expect in the
future, depends upon something called “climate sensitivity”. This is the
temperature response of the Earth to a given amount of ‘radiative
forcing’, of which there are two kinds: a change in either the amount of
sunlight absorbed by the Earth, or in the infrared energy the Earth emits
to outer space.

The ‘consensus’ of opinion is that the Earth’s climate sensitivity is quite

high, and so warming of about 0.25 deg. C to 0.5 deg. C (about 0.5 deg. F
to 0.9 deg. F) every 10 years can be expected for as long as mankind
continues to use fossil fuels as our primary source of energy. NASA’s
James Hansen claims that climate sensitivity is very high, and that we
have already put too much extra CO2 in the atmosphere. Presumably this
is why he and Al Gore are campaigning for a moratorium on the
construction of any more coal-fired power plants in the U.S.

You would think that we’d know the Earth’s ‘climate sensitivity’ by now,
but it has been surprisingly difficult to determine. How atmospheric
processes like clouds and precipitation systems respond to warming is
critical, as they are either amplifying the warming, or reducing it. This
website currently concentrates on the response of clouds to warming, an
issue which I am now convinced the scientific community has totally
misinterpreted when they have measured natural, year-to-year
fluctuations in the climate system. As a result of that confusion, they have
the mistaken belief that climate sensitivity is high, when in fact the
satellite evidence suggests climate sensitivity is low.

The case for natural climate change I also present an analysis of the
Pacific Decadal Oscillation which shows that most climate change might
well be the result of….the climate system itself! Because small, chaotic
fluctuations in atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems can cause
small changes in global average cloudiness, this is all that is necessary to
cause climate change. You don’t need the sun, or any other ‘external’
influence (although these are also possible…but for now I’ll let others
work on that). It is simply what the climate system does. This is actually
quite easy for meteorologists to believe, since we understand how
complex weather processes are. Your local TV meteorologist is probably
a closet ’skeptic’ regarding mankind’s influence on climate.

Climate change — it happens, with or without our help.

Appendix 2.

A Primer on Global Warming: Dispelling CO2 Myths.

Written By: Jay Lehr, Ph.D.
Published In: Environment & Climate News > July 2009
Publication date: 07/01/2009
Publisher: The Heartlands Institute

The scientific facts clearly show carbon dioxide is a good thing, not
something we should fear.

CO2 is not a pollutant.

On the contrary, carbon dioxide makes crops and forests grow faster.
Satellite mapping shows the Earth has become about 6 percent greener
overall in the past two decades, with forests expanding into arid regions.
The Amazon rain forest was the biggest gainer, with two tons of
additional biomass per acre per year.
Certainly climate change does not help every region equally, but careful
studies predict overall benefits—fewer storms, more rain, better crop
yields, longer growing seasons, milder winters, and lower heating costs in
colder climates. The news is certainly not bad and on balance may be
rather good.
CO2 is merely a trace atmospheric gas.
The world will laugh when we finally understand the pursuit of economic
ruin in the name of saving the planet from carbon dioxide has been a
terrible joke. It is an unarguable fact that the portion of the Earth’s
greenhouse gas envelope contributed by man is barely one-tenth of 1
percent of the total.
Do the numbers yourself. Carbon dioxide is no more than 4 percent of the
greenhouse gas envelope—with water vapor being more than 90 percent,
followed by methane and sulfur and nitrous oxides. Of that 4 percent,
man contributes a little more than 3 percent. Three percent of 4 percent is
0.12 percent, and for that we are sentencing people to numerous
damaging economic impacts.

Added CO2 increments have less effect.

The effect of additional carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is limited
because CO2 absorbs only certain wavelengths of radiant energy. As the
radiation in that particular wavelength band is used up, the amount left
for absorption by more of the gas is reduced.
A simple analogy is to consider drawing a curtain across a window. Much
of the light will be shut out, but some will still get through. Add a second
curtain to the first, and most of the remaining light will be excluded. A
point will quickly be reached however, where adding more curtains has a
negligible effect, because there is no light left to stop.
This is the case with the absorption of energy as more carbon dioxide is
added to the atmosphere.

Anthropogenic warming hasn’t happened.

If greenhouse gases were responsible for global temperature increases in
recent decades, atmospheric physics require that higher levels of our
atmosphere would show greater warming than lower levels. This did not
happen during the 1978-1998 period of 0.3 degrees Celsius warming.

Warming precedes CO2 increases.

A full 900,000 years of ice core temperature records and carbon dioxide
content records show CO2 increases follow increases in Earth’s
temperature instead of leading them. This makes sense because the
oceans are the primary source of CO2, and they hold more CO2 when
cool than when warm. Warming causes the oceans to release more CO2.
Jay Lehr, Ph.D. (jlehr@heartland.org) is science director of The
Heartland Institute.
 Appendix 3.

Global Warming as a Natural Response to Cloud

Changes Associated with the Pacific Decadal
Oscillation (PDO)
by Roy W. Spencer, Ph.D.

October 20, 2008 (updated December 29, 2008)

Dr Roy Spencer is a Meteorologist and Principal

Research Scientist at the University of Alabama-
Huntsville. He was formerly a Senior Scientist at
NASA where he and Dr John Cristy received
NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement
Medal for their global temperature monitoring
work with satellites.
ABSTRACT

A simple climate model forced by satellite-observed changes in the

Earth’s radiative budget associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation is
shown to mimic the major features of global average temperature change
during the 20th Century – including three-quarters of the warming trend.
A mostly-natural source of global warming is also consistent with
mounting observational evidence that the climate system is much less
sensitive to carbon dioxide emissions than the IPCC’s climate models
simulate.

1. INTRODUCTION

The main arguments for global warming being manmade go something

like this: “What else COULD it be? After all, we know that increasing
carbon dioxide concentrations are sufficient to explain recent warming, so
what’s the point of looking for any other cause?”

But for those who have followed my writings and publications in the last
18 months (e.g. Spencer et al., 2007; Spencer, 2008), you know that we
are finding satellite evidence that the climate system is much less
sensitive to greenhouse gas emissions than the U.N.’s Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) climate models suggest that it is.
And if that is true, then mankind’s CO2 emissions are not strong enough
to have caused the global warming we’ve seen over the last 100 years.

To show that we are not the only researchers who have documented
evidence contradicting the IPCC models on the subject of climate
sensitivity, I made the following figure (Fig. 1) to contrast the IPCC-
projected warming from a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide with
the warming that would result if the climate sensitivity is as low as
implied by various kinds of observational evidence.

Fig. 1. Projected warming (assumed here to occur by 2100) from a

doubling of atmospheric CO2 from the IPCC climate models versus from
various observational indicators.

The dashed line in Fig. 1 comes from our recent apples-to-apples

comparison between satellite-based feedback estimates and IPCC model-
diagnosed feedbacks, all computed from 5-year periods (see Fig. 2). In
that comparison, there were NO five year periods from ANY of the IPCC
model simulations which produced a feedback parameter with as low a
climate sensitivity as that found in the satellite data.
Fig. 2. Frequency histogram of total (reflected solar plus emitted
infrared)feedback parameters computed from all possible 5 year periods
in transient forcing experiments in 18 climate models tracked by the
IPCC, versus the same calculation from Aqua CERES and NOAA-15
AMSU channel 5 satellite data.

The discrepancy between the models and observations seen in Figs. 1 and
2 is stark. If the sensitivity of the climate system is as low as some of
these observational results suggest, then the IPCC models are grossly in
error, and we have little to fear from manmade global warming. [I am
told that the 1.1 deg. C sensitivity of Schwartz (2007) has more recently
been revised upward to 1.9 deg. C.]

But it also means that the radiative forcing caused by increasing

atmospheric concentrations of CO2 is not sufficient to cause PAST
warming, either. So, this then leaves a critical unanswered question: What
has caused the warming seen over the last 100 years or so?

Here I present new evidence that most of the warming could be the result
of a natural cycle in cloud cover forced by a well-known mode of natural
climate variability: the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). While the
PDO is primarily a geographic rearrangement in atmospheric and oceanic
circulation patterns in the North Pacific, it is well known that such
regional changes can also influence weather patterns over much larger
areas, for instance North America or the entire Northern Hemisphere
(which is, by the way, the region over which the vast majority of global
warming has occurred).

The IPCC has simply ASSUMED that these natural fluctuations in

weather patterns do not cause climate change. But all it would take is a
small change in global average (or Northern Hemispheric average)
cloudiness to cause global warming. Unfortunately, our global
observations of cloudiness have not been complete or accurate enough to
document such a change…until recently.

2. A SIMPLE MODEL OF NATURAL GLOBAL WARMING

As Joe D’Aleo, Don Easterbrook, and others have pointed out for years,
the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) has experienced phase shifts that
have coincidently been associated with the major periods of warming and
cooling in the 20th Century. As can be seen in the following figure, the
pre-1940 warming coincided with the positive phase of the PDO; then, a
slight cooling until the late 1970s coincided with a negative phase of the
PDO; and finally, the warming since the 1970s has once again coincided
with the positive phase of the PDO.
Fig. 3. Five-year running averages in (a) global-average surface
temperature, and (b) the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index during
1900-2000.

Others have noted that the warming in the 1920s and 1930s led to media
reports of decreasing sea ice cover, Arctic and Greenland temperatures
just as warm as today, and the opening up of the Northwest Passage in
1939 and 1940.

Since this timing between the phase of the PDO and periods of warming
and associated climate change seems like more than mere coincidence, I
asked the rather obvious question: What if this known mode of natural
climate variability (the PDO) caused a small fluctuation in global-average
cloud cover?

Such a cloud change would cause the climate system to go through

natural fluctuations in average temperature for extended periods of time.
The IPCC simply assumes that this kind of natural cloud variability does
not exist, and that the Earth stays in a perpetual state of radiative balance
that has only been recently disrupted by mankind’s greenhouse gas
emissions.

This is an assumption that many of us meteorologists find simplistic and

dubious, at best. Spencer and Braswell (2008) showed theoretically that
daily random variations in cloudiness can actually cause substantial
decadal time-scale variability on ocean temperatures. This is not a new
finding, as it was also demonstrated over 30 years ago (Hasselman, 1976)
and is related to the fact that the ocean, due to its large heat capacity,
retains a ‘memory’ of past changes in the Earth’s radiative budget for a
very long time.

So, what if those chaotic variations in cloud cover occurred on time

scales longer than days… yearly, or 30 years (like with the PDO), or 100
years? Might such internally-generated climate change even explain
events like the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age?

I used a very simple energy balance climate model, previously suggested

to us by Isaac Held and Piers Forster, to investigate the possibility that
the PDO could have caused some of the climate change over the last
century. In this model I ran many thousands of combinations of assumed:
(1) ocean depth (through which heat is mixed on multi-decadal to
centennial time scales), (2) climate sensitivity, and (3) cloud cover
variations directly proportional to the PDO index values.

In effect, I asked the model to show me what combinations of those

model parameters yielded a temperature history approximately like that
seen during 1900-2000. And here’s an average of all of the simulations
that came close to the observed temperature record:
Fig. 4. A simple energy balance model driven by cloud changes
associated with the PDO can explain most of the major features of global-
average temperature fluctuations during the 20th Century. The best model
fits had assumed ocean mixing depths around 800 meters, and feedback
parameters of around 3 Watts per square meter per degree C.

The “PDO-only” (dashed) curve in Fig. 4 indeed mimics the main

features of the behavior of global mean temperatures during the 20th
Century — including three-quarters of the warming trend. If I include the
CO2 and other forcings during the 20th Century complied by James
Hansen with the PDO-forced cloud changes (solid line labeled
PDO+CO2), then the fit to observed temperatures is even closer.

Now, the average PDO forcing that was required by the model for the two
curves in Fig. 4 ranged from 1.7 to 2.0 Watts per square meter per PDO
index value. In other words, for each unit of the PDO index, 1.7 to 2.0
Watts per square meter of extra heating was required during the positive
phase of the PDO, and that much cooling during the negative phase of the
PDO.

But what evidence do we have that any such cloud-induced changes in

the Earth’s radiative budget are actually associated with the PDO? I
address that question in the next section.

3. SATELLITE EVIDENCE OF RADIATIVE FORCING CAUSED

BY THE PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION
To see whether there is any observational evidence that the PDO has
associated changes in global-average cloudiness, I used NASA Terra
satellite measurements of reflected solar (shortwave, SW) and emitted
infrared (longwave, LW) radiative fluxes over the global oceans from the
CERES instrument during 2000-2005, and compared them to recent
variations in the PDO index. The results can be seen in the following
figure:

Fig. 5. Three-month running averages of (a) the PDO index during 2000-
2005, and (b) corresponding CERES-measured anomalies in the global
ocean average radiative budget, with and without the feedback
component removed (see Fig. 6). The smooth curves are 2nd order
polynomial fits to the data.

But before a comparison to the PDO can be made, one must recognize
that the total radiative flux measured by CERES is a combination of
forcing AND feedback (e.g. Gregory et al., 2002; Forster and Gregory,
2006). So, we first must estimate and remove the feedback component to
better isolate any radiative forcing potentially associated with the PDO.

As Spencer and Braswell (2008b) have shown with a simple model, the
radiative feedback signature in globally-averaged radiative flux-versus-
temperature data is always highly correlated, while the time-varying
radiative forcing signature of internal climate fluctuations is uncorrelated
because the forcing and temperature response are always 90 degrees out
of phase. This allows some measure of identification and separation of
the two signals.

The following figure shows what I call “feedback stripes” associated with
intraseasonal fluctuations in the climate system. The corresponding
feedback estimate (line slope) of 8.3 Watts per square meter per degree C
was then used together with three-month anomalies in tropospheric
temperature from AMSU channel 5 remove the estimated feedback signal
from the radiative flux data to get the “forcing-only” curve in Fig. 5b.
(Check out this for a more complete treatment of the signature of
feedback…including evidence that this behavior also exists in the IPCC
climate models themselves.)

Fig. 6. Three-month running averages of global oceanic CERES radiative

flux changes versus tropospheric temperature changes (from AMSU
channel 5, see Christy et al., 2003) for the time period in Fig. 5. The
average feedback estimate (see sloped lines) was then used together with
the AMSU5 data to estimate and remove the feedback component from
the CERES radiative fluxes, leaving the radiative forcing shown in Fig.
4b.

[NOTE: This feedback estimate does not necessarily represent long-term

climate sensitivity (which in this case would be very low, 0.44 deg. C for
a doubling of CO2); it is instead the feedback occurring on intraseasonal
and interannual time scales which is merely being removed to isolate the
forcing signal. This is the same technique employed by Forster and
Taylor (2006) to isolate the signal of radiative forcing in 20 climate
models tracked by the IPCC.]

When the feedback is removed, we see a good match in Fig. 5 between

the low-frequency behavior of the PDO and the radiative forcing (which
is presumably due to cloud fluctuations associated with the PDO).
Second-order polynomials were fit to the time series in Fig. 5 and
compared to each other to arrive at the PDO-scaling factor of 1.9 Watts
per square meter per PDO index value.

Another way to show the data is shown in Fig. 7, where yearly averages
of the PDO index and CERES-inferred radiative forcing are plotted
against one another. The dashed line represents what the simple model
‘chose’ for a relationship, and the solid line is fitted to the actual satellite
data.
Fig. 7. As in Fig. 5, but now yearly averages of the PDO index plotted
against CERES- and AMSU5-inferred radiative forcing, and updated
through August 2007.

Thus, these recent satellite measurements – even though they span only
7.5 years — support the Pacific Decadal Oscillation as a potential major
player in global warming and climate change. It will also be interesting to
see where the satellite data averages for 2008 lie in Fig. 7, as the average
PDO value for 2008 was lower than any of the previous years.

It is important to point out that, in this exercise, the PDO itself is not an
index of temperature; it is an index of radiative forcing which drives the
time rate of change of temperature. This answers the question I frequently
get, “Couldn’t the PDO be caused by the temperature changes, rather than
the other way around?”. The answer is “no”, because the forcing occurs
before the temperature change (by 90 degrees of phase for sinusoidal
forcing, if you know what that means). This explains why the history of
the PDO index in Fig. 2 does not ‘look like’ the temperature history. The
PDO index is instead directly related to the change in temperature with
time, not the temperature per se. (And, if you can understand this point,
you are doing better than the single peer reviewer of my article on this
subject who told Geophysical Research Letters to reject my paper
submitted for publication.)

4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

The evidence continues to mount that the IPCC models are too sensitive,
and therefore produce too much global warming. If climate sensitivity is
indeed considerably less than the IPCC claims it to be, then increasing
CO2 alone can not explain recent global warming. The evidence
presented here suggests that most of that warming might well have been
caused by cloud changes associated with a natural mode of climate
variability: the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.

The IPCC has simply assumed that mechanisms of climate change like
that addressed here do not exist. But that assumption is quite arbitrary
and, as shown here, very likely wrong. My use of only PDO-forced
variations in the Earth’s radiative energy budget to explain three-quarters
of the global warming trend is no less ‘biased’ than the IPCC’s use of
carbon dioxide to explain global warming without accounting for natural
climate variability. If any IPCC scientists would like to dispute that
claim, please e-mail me at roy.spencer (at) nsstc.uah.edu. (two months
later, as of late December, 2008, I’ve still not received a response.)

It should be noted that the entire modern satellite era started in 1979, just
2 years after the PDO switched to its positive phase during the ‘Great
Climate Shift’ of 1977. Thus, our satellite data records are necessarily
biased toward conditions existing during the positive phase of the PDO,
and might not correspond to ‘normal’ climate conditions. Indeed there
might not be any such thing as ‘normal’ climate conditions.

If the PDO has recently entered into a new, negative phase, then we can
expect that global average temperatures, which haven’t risen for at least
seven years now, could actually start to fall in the coming years. The
recovery of Arctic sea ice now underway might be an early sign that this
is indeed happening. The next few years of satellite data might provide
some very interesting insights into whether the Pacific Decadal
Oscillation is indeed a major force in climate change.

Appendix 4.

Open Letter to Secretary-General of United Nations

Wednesday, December 9th 2009, 2:07 AM EST
Co2sceptic (Site Admin)
Dear Secretary-General,

Climate change science is in a period of ‘negative discovery’ - the more

we learn about this exceptionally complex and rapidly evolving field the
more we realize how little we know. Truly, the science is NOT settled.

Therefore, there is no sound reason to impose expensive and restrictive

public policy decisions on the peoples of the Earth without first providing
convincing evidence that human activities are causing dangerous climate
change beyond that resulting from natural causes. Before any precipitate
action is taken, we must have solid observational data demonstrating that
recent changes in climate differ substantially from changes observed in
the past and are well in excess of normal variations caused by solar
cycles, ocean currents, changes in the Earth's orbital parameters and other
natural phenomena.
We the undersigned, being qualified in climate-related scientific
disciplines, challenge the UNFCCC and supporters of the United Nations
Climate Change Conference to produce convincing OBSERVATIONAL
EVIDENCE for their claims of dangerous human-caused global warming
and other changes in climate. Projections of possible future scenarios
from unproven computer models of climate are not acceptable substitutes
for real world data obtained through unbiased and rigorous scientific
investigation.

Specifically, we challenge supporters of the hypothesis of dangerous

human-caused climate change to demonstrate that:

Variations in global climate in the last hundred years are significantly

outside the natural range experienced in previous centuries;

Humanity’s emissions of carbon dioxide and other ‘greenhouse gases’

(GHG) are having a dangerous impact on global climate;

Computer-based models can meaningfully replicate the impact of all of

the natural factors that may significantly influence climate;

Sea levels are rising dangerously at a rate that has accelerated with
increasing human GHG emissions, thereby threatening small islands and
coastal communities;

The incidence of malaria is increasing due to recent climate changes;

Human society and natural ecosystems cannot adapt to foreseeable

climate change as they have done in the past;

Worldwide glacier retreat, and sea ice melting in Polar Regions , is

unusual and related to increases in human GHG emissions;

Polar bears and other Arctic and Antarctic wildlife are unable to adapt to
anticipated local climate change effects, independent of the causes of
those changes;

Hurricanes, other tropical cyclones and associated extreme weather

events are increasing in severity and frequency;
Data recorded by ground-based stations are a reliable indicator of surface
temperature trends.
It is not the responsibility of ‘climate realist’ scientists to prove that
dangerous human-caused climate change is not happening. Rather, it is
those who propose that it is, and promote the allocation of massive
investments to solve the supposed ‘problem’, who have the obligation to
convincingly demonstrate that recent climate change is not of mostly
natural origin and, if we do nothing, catastrophic change will ensue. To
date, this they have utterly failed to do so.

Signed by:

Habibullo I. Abdussamatov, Dr. Sci., mathematician and astrophysicist,

Head of the Russian-Ukrainian Astrometria project on the board of the
Russian segment of the ISS, Head of Space Research Laboratory at the
Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.
Petersburg, Russia
Göran Ahlgren, docent organisk kemi, general secretary of the Stockholm
Initiative, Professor of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm, Sweden
Syun-Ichi Akasofu, PhD, Professor of Physics, Emeritus and Founding
Director, International Arctic Research Center of the University of
Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A.
J.R. Alexander, Professor Emeritus, Dept. of Civil Engineering,
University of Pretoria, South Africa; Member, UN Scientific and
Technical Committee on Natural Disasters, 1994-2000, Pretoria, South
Africa.
Jock Allison, PhD, ONZM, formerly Ministry of Agriculture Regional
Research Director, Dunedin, New Zealand
Bjarne Andresen, PhD, dr. scient, physicist, published and presents on the
impossibility of a "global temperature", Professor, The Niels Bohr
Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Timothy F. Ball, PhD, environmental consultant and former climatology
professor, University of Winnipeg, Member, Science Advisory Board,
ICSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Douglas W. Barr, BS (Meteorology, University of Chicago), BS and MS
(Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota), Barr Engineering Co.
(environmental issues and water resources), Minnesota, U.S.A.
Romuald Bartnik, PhD (Organic Chemistry), Professor Emeritus, Former
chairman of the Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, climate
work in cooperation with Department of Hydrology and Geological
Museum, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Colin Barton, B.Sc., PhD, Earth Science, Principal research scientist
(retd), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
(CSIRO), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Joe Bastardi, BSc, (Meteorology, Pennsylvania State), meteorologist,
State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Ernst-Georg Beck, Dipl. Biol. (University of Freiburg), Biologist,
Freiburg, Germany
David Bellamy, OBE, English botanist, author, broadcaster,
environmental campaigner, Hon. Professor of Botany (Geography),
University of Nottingham, Hon. Prof. Faculty of Engineering and
Physical Systems, Central Queensland University, Hon. Prof. of Adult
and Continuing Education, University of Durham, United Nations
Environment Program Global 500 Award Winner, Dutch Order of The
Golden Ark, Bishop Auckland County, Durham, U.K.
M. I. Bhat, Professor & Head, Department of Geology & Geophysics,
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
Ian R. Bock, BSc, PhD, DSc, Biological sciences (retired), Ringkobing,
Denmark
Sonja A. Boehmer-Christiansen, PhD, Reader Emeritus, Dept. of
Geography, Hull University, Editor - Energy&Environment, Multi-
Science (www.multi-science.co.uk), Hull, United Kingdom
Atholl Sutherland Brown, PhD (Geology, Princeton University),
Regional Geology, Tectonics and Mineral Deposits, Victoria, British
Columbia, Canada
Stephen C. Brown, PhD (Environmental Science, State University of
New York), District Agriculture Agent, Assistant Professor, University of
Alaska Fairbanks, Ground Penetrating Radar Glacier research, Palmer,
Alaska, U.S.A.
James Buckee, D.Phil. (Oxon), focus on stellar atmospheres, Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
Dan Carruthers, M.Sc., Arctic Animal Behavioural Ecologist, wildlife
biology consultant specializing in animal ecology in Arctic and Subarctic
regions, Alberta, Canada
Robert M. Carter, PhD, Professor, Marine Geophysical Laboratory,
James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
Dr. Arthur V. Chadwick, PhD, Geologist, dendrochronology (analyzing
tree rings to determine past climate) lecturing, Southwestern Adventist
University, Keene, Texas, U.S.A.
George V. Chilingar, PhD, Member, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow President, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, U.S.A.
Section, Emeritus Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Ian D. Clark, PhD, Professor (isotope hydrogeology and
paleoclimatology), Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Charles A. Clough, BS (Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology), MS (Atmospheric Science, Texas Tech University), former
(to 2006) Chief of the US Army Atmospheric Effects Team at Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Maryland; now residing in Bel Air, Maryland, U.S.A.
Paul Copper, BSc, MSc, PhD, DIC, FRSC, Professor Emeritus,
Department of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University Sudbury, Ontario,
Canada
Piers Corbyn, MSc (Physics (Imperial College London)), ARCS, FRAS,
FRMetS, astrophysicist (Queen Mary College, London), consultant,
founder WeatherAction long range forecasters, London, United Kingdom
Allan Cortese, meteorological researcher and spotter for the National
Weather Service, retired computer professional, Billerica, Massachusetts,
U.S.A.
Richard S. Courtney, PhD, energy and environmental consultant, IPCC
expert reviewer, Falmouth, Cornwall, United Kingdom
Susan Crockford, PhD (Zoology/Evolutionary Biology/Archaeozoology),
Adjunct Professor (Anthropology/Faculty of Graduate Studies),
University of Victoria, Victoria, British Colombia, Canada
Claude Culross, PhD (Organic Chemistry), retired, Baton Rouge,
Louisiana, U.S.A.
Joseph D’Aleo, BS, MS (Meteorology, University of Wisconsin),
Doctoral Studies (NYU), Executive Director - ICECAP (International
Climate and Environmental Change Assessment Project), Fellow of the
AMS, College Professor Climatology/Meteorology, First Director of
Meteorology The Weather Channel, Hudson, New Hampshire, U.S.A.
Chris R. de Freitas, PhD, Climate Scientist, School of Environment, The
University of Auckland, New Zealand
Willem de Lange, MSc (Hons), DPhil (Computer and Earth Sciences),
Senior Lecturer in Earth and Ocean Sciences, Waikato University,
Hamilton, New Zealand
James DeMeo, PhD (University of Kansas 1986, Earth/Climate Science),
now in Private Research, Ashland, Oregon, U.S.A.
David Deming, PhD (Geophysics), Associate Professor, College of Arts
and Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
James E Dent; B.Sc., FCIWEM, C.Met, FRMetS, C.Env., Independent
Consultant, Member of WMO OPACHE Group on Flood Warning,
Hadleigh, Suffolk, England
Robert W. Durrenberger, PhD, former Arizona State Climatologist and
President of the American Association of State Climatologists, Professor
Emeritus of Geography, Arizona State University; Sun City, Arizona,
U.S.A.
Don J. Easterbrook, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Geology, Western
Washington, University, Bellingham, Washington, U.S.A.
Per Engene, MSc, Biologist, Bø i Telemark, Norway, Co-author The
Climate. Science and Politics (2009)
Robert H. Essenhigh, PhD, E.G. Bailey Professor of Energy Conversion,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus,
Ohio, U.S.A.
David Evans, PhD (EE), MSc (Stat), MSc (EE), MA (Math), BE (EE),
BSc, mathematician, carbon accountant and modeler, computer and
electrical engineer and head of 'Science Speak', Scientific Advisory Panel
member - Australian Climate Science Coalition, Perth, Western Australia,
Australia
Sören Floderus, PhD (Physical Geography (Uppsala University)), coastal-
environment specialization, Copenhagen, Denmark
Louis Fowler, BS (Mathematics), MA (Physics), 33 years in
environmental measurements (Ambient Air Quality Measurements),
Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
Stewart Franks, PhD, Professor, Hydroclimatologist, University of
Newcastle, Australia
Gordon Fulks, PhD (Physics, University of Chicago), cosmic radiation,
solar wind, electromagnetic and geophysical phenomena, Corbett,
Oregon, U.S.A.
R. W. Gauldie, PhD, Research Professor, Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics
and Planetology, School of Ocean Earth Sciences and Technology,
University of Hawai'i at Manoa (Retired), U.S.A.
David G. Gee, Professor of Geology (Emeritus), Department of Earth
Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavagen 16, Uppsala, Sweden
Lee C. Gerhard, PhD, Senior Scientist Emeritus, University of Kansas,
past director and state geologist, Kansas Geological Survey, U.S.A.
Gerhard Gerlich, Dr.rer.nat. (Mathematical Physics:
Magnetohydrodynamics) habil. (Real Measure Manifolds), Professor,
Institut für Mathematische Physik, Technische Universität Carolo-
Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, Co-author of
“Falsification Of The Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within The
Frame Of Physics”, Int.J.Mod.Phys.,2009
Albrecht Glatzle, PhD, ScAgr, Agro-Biologist and Gerente ejecutivo,
Tropical pasture research and land use management, Director científico
de INTTAS, Loma Plata, Paraguay
Fred Goldberg, PhD, Adj Professor, Royal Institute of Technology
(Mech, Eng.), Secretary General KTH International Climate Seminar
2006 and Climate analyst and member of NIPCC, Lidingö, Sweden
Wayne Goodfellow, PhD (Earth Science), Ocean Evolution,
Paleoenvironments, Adjunct Professor, Senior Research Scientist,
University of Ottawa, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada
Thomas B. Gray, MS, Meteorology, Retired, USAF, Yachats, Oregon,
U.S.A.
Vincent Gray, PhD, New Zealand Climate Coalition, expert reviewer for
the IPCC, author of The Greenhouse Delusion: A Critique of Climate
Change 2001, Wellington, New Zealand
William M. Gray, PhD, Professor Emeritus, Dept. of Atmospheric
Science, Colorado State University, Head of the Tropical Meteorology
Project, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A.
Kenneth P. Green, M.Sc. (Biology, University of San Diego) and a
Doctorate in Environmental Science and Engineering from the University
of California at Los Angeles, Resident Scholar, American Enterprise
Institute, Washington, DC, U.S.A.
Charles B. Hammons, PhD (Applied Mathematics), systems/software
engineering, modeling & simulation, design, Consultant, Coyle,
Oklahoma, U.S.A.
William Happer, PhD, Cyrus Fogg Bracket Professor of Physics (research
focus is interaction of light and matter, a key mechanism for global
warming and cooling), Princeton University; Former Director, Office of
Energy Research (now Office of Science), US Department of Energy
(supervised climate change research), Member - National Academy of
Sciences of the USA, American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
American Philosophical Society; Princeton, NJ, USA.
Howard Hayden, PhD, Emeritus Professor (Physics), University of
Connecticut, The Energy Advocate, Connecticut, U.S.A.
Ross Hays, Atmospheric Scientist, NASA Columbia Scientific Balloon
Facility, Palestine, Texas, U.S.A.
James A. Heimbach, Jr., BA Physics (Franklin and Marshall College),
Master's and PhD in Meteorology (Oklahoma University), Prof. Emeritus
of Atmospheric Sciences (University of North Carolina at Asheville),
Springvale, Maine, U.S.A.
Ole Humlum, PhD, Professor, Department of Physical Geography,
Institute of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Craig D. Idso, PhD, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Center for
the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, Tempe, Arizona,
U.S.A.
Sherwood B. Idso, PhD, President, Center for the Study of Carbon
Dioxide and Global Change, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A.
Terri Jackson, MSc MPhil., Director, Independent Climate Research
Group, Northern Ireland and London (Founder of the Energy Group at the
Institute of Physics, London), U.K.
Albert F. Jacobs, Geol.Drs., P. Geol., Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Zbigniew Jaworowski, PhD, DSc, professor of natural sciences, Senior
Science Adviser of Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection,
researcher on ice core CO2 records, Warsaw, Poland.
Terrell Johnson, B.S. (Zoology), M.S. (Wildlife & Range Resources, Air
& Water Quality), Principal Environmental Engineer, Certified Wildlife
Biologist, Green River, Wyoming, U.S.A.
Bill Kappel, BS (Physical Science-Geology), BS (Meteorology), Storm
Analysis, Climatology, Operation Forecasting, Vice President/Senior
Meteorologist, Applied Weather Associates, LLC, University of
Colorado, Colorado Springs, U.S.A.
Wibjörn Karlén, MSc (quaternary sciences), PhD (physical geography),
Professor emeritus, Stockholm University, Department of Social and
Economic Geography, Geografiska Annaler Ser. A, Uppsala, Sweden
Olavi Kärner, Ph.D., Extraordinary Research Associate; Dept. of
Atmospheric Physics, Tartu Observatory, Toravere, Estonia
David Kear, PhD, FRSNZ, CMG, geologist, former Director-General of
NZ Dept. of Scientific & Industrial Research, Whakatane, Bay of Plenty,
New Zealand
Madhav L. Khandekar, PhD, consultant meteorologist, (former) Research
Scientist, Environment Canada, Editor "Climate Research” (03-05),
Editorial Board Member "Natural Hazards, IPCC Expert Reviewer 2007,
Unionville, Ontario, Canada
Leonid F. Khilyuk, PhD, Science Secretary, Russian Academy of Natural
Sciences, Professor of Engineering, University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
William Kininmonth MSc, MAdmin, former head of Australia’s National
Climate Centre and a consultant to the World Meteorological
organization’s Commission for Climatology, Kew, Victoria, Australia
Gary Kubat, BS (Atmospheric Science), MS (Atmospheric Science),
professional meteorologist last 18 years, O'Fallon, Illinois, U.S.A.
Roar Larsen, Dr.ing.(PhD), Chief Scientist, SINTEF (Trondheim,
Norway), Adjunct Professor, Norwegian University of Science and
Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Douglas Leahey, PhD, meteorologist and air-quality consultant, President
- Friends of Science, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Jay Lehr, BEng (Princeton), PhD (environmental science and ground
water hydrology), Science Director, The Heartland Institute, Chicago,
Illinois, U.S.A.
Edward Liebsch, BS (Earth Science & Chemistry), MS (Meteorology,
Pennsylvania State University), Senior Air Quality Scientist, HDR Inc.,
Maple Grove, MN, U.S.A.
Dr. Richard S. Lindzen, Alfred P. Sloan professor of meteorology, Dept.
of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Peter Link, BS, MS, PhD (Geology, Climatology),
Geol/Paleoclimatology, retired, Active in Geol-paleoclimatology, Tulsa
University and Industry, Evergreen, Colorado, U.S.A.
Anthony R. Lupo, Ph.D., Professor of Atmospheric Science, Department
of Soil, Environmental, and Atmospheric Science, University of
Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Horst Malberg, PhD, former director of Institute of Meteorology, Free
University of Berlin, Germany
Björn Malmgren, PhD, Professor Emeritus in Marine Geology,
Paleoclimate Science, Goteborg University, retired, Norrtälje, Sweden
Fred Michel, PhD, Director, Institute of Environmental Sciences,
Associate Professor of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada
Ferenc Mark Miskolczi, PhD, atmospheric physicist, formerly of NASA's
Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, U.S.A.
Asmunn Moene, PhD, MSc (Meteorology), former head of the
Forecasting Centre, Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Cdr. M. R. Morgan, PhD, FRMetS, climate consultant, former Director in
marine meteorology policy and planning in DND Canada, NATO and
World Meteorological Organization and later a research scientist in
global climatology at Exeter University, UK, now residing in Dartmouth,
Nova Scotia, Canada
Nils-Axel Mörner, PhD (Sea Level Changes and Climate), Emeritus
Professor of Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics, Stockholm University,
Stockholm, Sweden
Robert Neff, M.S. (Meteorology, St Louis University), Weather Officer,
USAF; Contractor support to NASA Meteorology Satellites, Retired,
Camp Springs, Maryland, U.S.A.
John Nicol, PhD, Physics, (Retired) James Cook University, Chairman -
Australian Climate Science Coalition, Brisbane, Australia
Ingemar Nordin, PhD, professor in philosophy of science (including a
focus on "Climate research, philosophical and sociological aspects of a
politicised research area"), Linköpings University, Sweden.
David Nowell, M.Sc., Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society,
former chairman of the NATO Meteorological Group, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada
James J. O'Brien, PhD, Emeritus Professor, Meteorology and
Oceanography, Florida State University, Florida, U.S.A.
Peter Oliver, BSc (Geology), BSc (Hons, Geochemistry & Geophysics),
MSc (Geochemistry), PhD (Geology), specialized in NZ quaternary
glaciations, Geochemistry and Paleomagnetism, previously research
scientist for the NZ Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,
Upper Hutt, New Zealand
Cliff Ollier, D.Sc., Professor Emeritus (School of Earth and
Environment), Research Fellow, University of Western Australia,
Nedlands, W.A., Australia
Garth W. Paltridge, BSc Hons (Qld), MSc, PhD (Melb), DSc (Qld),
Emeritus Professor, Honorary Research Fellow and former Director of
the Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of
Tasmania, Hobart, Visiting Fellow, RSBS, ANU, Canberra, ACT,
Australia
R. Timothy Patterson, PhD, Professor, Dept. of Earth Sciences
(paleoclimatology), Carleton University, Chair - International Climate
Science Coalition, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Alfred H. Pekarek, PhD, Associate Professor of Geology, Earth and
Atmospheric Sciences Department, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud,
Minnesota, U.S.A.
Ian Plimer, PhD, Professor of Mining Geology, The University of
Adelaide; Emeritus Professor of Earth Sciences, The University of
Melbourne, Australia
Daniel Joseph Pounder, BS (Meteorology, University of Oklahoma), MS
(Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign);
Weather Forecasting, Meteorologist, WILL AM/FM/TV, the public
broadcasting station of the University of Illinois, Urbana, U.S.A.
Brian Pratt, PhD, Professor of Geology (Sedimentology), University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Harry N.A. Priem, PhD, Professor (retired) Utrecht University, isotope
and planetary geology, Past-President Royal Netherlands Society of
Geology and Mining, former President of the Royal Geological and
Mining Society of the Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Tom Quirk, MSc (Melbourne), D Phil, MA (Oxford), SMP (Harvard),
Member of the Scientific Advisory Panel of the Australian Climate
Science Coalition, Member Board Institute of Public Affairs, Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia
George A. Reilly, PhD (Geology), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Robert G. Roper, PhD, DSc (University of Adelaide, South Australia),
Emeritus Professor of Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.
Arthur Rorsch, PhD, Emeritus Professor, Molecular Genetics, Leiden
University, retired member board Netherlands Organization Applied
Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
Curt Rose, BA, MA (University of Western Ontario), MA, PhD (Clark
University), Professor Emeritus, Department of Environmental Studies
and Geography, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Rob Scagel, MSc (forest microclimate specialist), Principal Consultant -
Pacific Phytometric Consultants, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
Clive Schaupmeyer, B.Sc., M.Sc., Professional Agrologist (awarded an
Alberta "Distinguished Agrologist"), 40 years of weather and climate
studies with respect to crops, Coaldale, Alberta, Canada
Bruce Schwoegler, BS (Meteorology and Naval Science, University of
Wisconsin-Madison), Chief Technology Officer, MySky
Communications Inc, meteorologist, science writer and principal/co-
founder of MySky, Lakeville, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
John Shade, BS (Physics), MS (Atmospheric Physics), MS (Applied
Statistics), Industrial Statistics Consultant, GDP, Dunfermline, Scotland,
United Kingdom
Gary Sharp, PhD, Center for Climate/Ocean Resources Study, Salinas,
California, U.S.A.
Thomas P. Sheahen, PhD (Physics, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology), specialist in renewable energy, research and publication
(Applied Optics) in modeling and measurement of absorption of infrared
radiation by atmospheric CO2, Oakland, Maryland, U.S.A.
Paavo Siitam, M.Sc., agronomist and chemist, Cobourg, Ontario, Canada
L. Graham Smith, PhD, Associate Professor of Geography, specialising
in Resource Management, University of Western Ontario, London,
Ontario, Canada.
Roy W. Spencer, PhD, climatologist, Principal Research Scientist, Earth
System Science Center, The University of Alabama, Huntsville,
Alabama, U.S.A.
Walter Starck, PhD (Biological Oceanography), marine biologist
(specialization in coral reefs and fisheries), author, photographer,
Townsville, Australia
Peter Stilbs, TeknD, Professor of Physical Chemistry, Research Leader,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of
Technology (KTH), member of American Chemical Society and life
member of American Physical Society, Chair of "Global Warming -
Scientific Controversies in Climate Variability", International seminar
meeting at KTH, 2006, Stockholm, Sweden
Arlin Super, PhD (Meteorology), former Professor of Meteorology at
Montana State University, retired Research Meteorologist, U.S. Bureau
of Reclamation, Saint Cloud, Minnesota, U.S.A.
George H. Taylor, B.A. (Mathematics, U.C. Santa Barbara), M.S.
(Meteorology, University of Utah), Certified Consulting Meteorologist,
Applied Climate Services, LLC, Former State Climatologist (Oregon),
President, American Association of State Climatologists (1998-2000),
Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A.
Mitchell Taylor, PhD, Biologist (Polar Bear Specialist), Wildlife
Research Section, Department of Environment, Igloolik, Nunavut,
Canada
Hendrik Tennekes, PhD, former director of research, Royal Netherlands
Meteorological Institute, Arnhem, The Netherlands
Frank Tipler, PhD, Professor of Mathematical Physics, astrophysics,
Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A.
Edward M. Tomlinson, MS (Meteorology), Ph.D. (Meteorology,
University of Utah), President, Applied Weather Associates, LLC (leader
in extreme rainfall storm analyses), 21 years US Air Force in
meteorology (Air Weather Service), Monument, Colorado, U.S.A.
Ralf D. Tscheuschner, Dr.rer.nat. (Theoretical physics: Quantum
Theory), Freelance Lecturer and Researcher in Physics and Applied
Informatics, Hamburg, Germany. Co-author of “Falsification of The
Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within The Frame Of Physics,
Int.J.Mod.Phys. 2009
Gerrit J. van der Lingen, PhD (Utrecht University), geologist and
paleoclimatologist, climate change consultant, Geoscience Research and
Investigations, Christchurch, New Zealand
A.J. (Tom) van Loon, PhD, Professor of Geology (Quaternary Geology),
Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland; former President of the
European Association of Science Editors
Gösta Walin, PhD in Theoretical physics, Professor emeritus in
oceanography, Earth Science Center, Göteborg University, Göteborg,
Sweden
Neil Waterhouse, PhD (Physics, Thermal, Precise Temperature
Measurement), retired, National Research Council, Bell Northern
Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Anthony Watts, 25-year broadcast meteorology veteran and currently
chief meteorologist for KPAY-AM radio. In 1987, he founded ItWorks,
which supplies custom weather stations, Internet servers, weather
graphics content, and broadcast video equipment. In 2007, Watts founded
SurfaceStations.org, a Web site devoted to photographing and
documenting the quality of weather stations across the U.S., U.S.A.
Charles L. Wax, PhD (physical geography: climatology, LSU), State
Climatologist – Mississippi, past President of the American Association
of State Climatologists, Professor, Department of Geosciences,
Mississippi State University, U.S.A.
James Weeg, BS (Geology), MS (Environmental Science), Professional
Geologist/hydrologist, Advent Environmental Inc, Mt. Pleasant, South
Carolina, U.S.A.
Forese-Carlo Wezel, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Stratigraphy (global and
Mediterranean geology, mass biotic extinctions and paleoclimatology),
University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
Boris Winterhalter, PhD, senior marine researcher (retired), Geological
Survey of Finland, former adjunct professor in marine geology,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
David E. Wojick, PhD, PE, energy and environmental consultant,
Technical Advisory Board member - Climate Science Coalition of
America, Star Tannery, Virginia, U.S.A.
Raphael Wust, PhD, Adj Sen. Lecturer, Marine Geology/Sedimentology,
James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
Stan Zlochen, BS (Atmospheric Science), MS (Atmospheric Science),
USAF (retired), Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A.
Dr. Bob Zybach, PhD (Oregon State University (OSU), Environmental
Sciences Program), MAIS (OSU, Forest Ecology, Cultural Anthropology,
Historical Archaeology), BS (OSU College of Forestry), President, NW
Maps Co., Program Manager, Oregon Websites and Watersheds Project,
Inc., Cottage Grove, Oregon, U.S.A.
Source Link: copenhagenclimatechallenge.org

Appendix 5.

“THE MANHATTAN DECLARATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

“Global warming” is not a global crisis

We, the scientists and researchers in climate and related fields,

economists, policymakers, and business leaders, assembled at Times
Square, New York City, participating in the 2008 International
Conference on Climate Change,

Resolving that scientific questions should be evaluated solely by the

scientific method;

Affirming that global climate has always changed and always will,
independent of the actions of humans, and that carbon dioxide (CO2) is
not a pollutant but rather a necessity for all life;

Recognising that the causes and extent of recently-observed climatic

change are the subject of intense debates in the climate science
community and that oft-repeated assertions of a supposed ‘consensus’
among climate experts are false;

Affirming that attempts by governments to legislate costly regulations on

industry and individual citizens to encourage CO2 emission reduction
will slow development while having no appreciable impact on the future
trajectory of global climate change. Such policies will markedly diminish
future prosperity and so reduce the ability of societies to adapt to
inevitable climate change, thereby increasing, not decreasing human
suffering;

Noting that warmer weather is generally less harmful to life on Earth than
colder:

Hereby declare:

That current plans to restrict anthropogenic CO2 emissions are a

dangerous misallocation of intellectual capital and resources that should
be dedicated to solving humanity’s real and serious problems.

That there is no convincing evidence that CO2 emissions from modern

industrial activity has in the past, is now, or will in the future cause
catastrophic climate change.

That attempts by governments to inflict taxes and costly regulations on

industry and individual citizens with the aim of reducing emissions of
CO2 will pointlessly curtail the prosperity of the West and progress of
developing nations without affecting climate.

That adaptation as needed is massively more cost-effective than any

attempted mitigation, and that a focus on such mitigation will divert the
attention and resources of governments away from addressing the real
problems of their peoples.

That human-caused climate change is not a global crisis.

Now, therefore, we recommend –

That world leaders reject the views expressed by the United Nations
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as well as popular, but
misguided works such as “An Inconvenient Truth”.
That all taxes, regulations, and other interventions intended to reduce
emissions of CO2 be abandoned forthwith.

Agreed at New York, 4 March 2008”.

ENDORSERS OF THE DECLARATION PRESENT AT THE

CONFERENCE IN NEW YORK CITY
The following endorsers of The Manhattan Declaration on Climate
Change were physically present at the 2008 International Conference on
Climate Change, which took place in New York City on March 2 - 4,
2008 at the Marriott New York Marquis Times Square Hotel:
1. David Archibald, BSc (Geology), CEO, Summa Development,
Perth, Australia
2. Bob Armstrong, MA, MS (Mathematical Psychophysics,
Northwestern University), computer language consultant, Community of
Science, ww.CoS.com, Woodland Park, Colorado, U.S.A.
3. J. Scott Armstrong, Professor of Marketing, The Wharton School,
University of Pennsylvania, Founder of the International Journal of
Forecasting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
4. Ron Arnold, Executive Vice President, Center for the Defense of
Free Enterprise, Bellevue, Washington, U.S.A.
5. Leon Ashby, Mt Gambier, South Australia, Australia
6. Dennis T. Avery, Economist, Senior Fellow, Director of the Center
for Global Food Issues, Hudson Institute, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
7. Timothy F. Ball, PhD, environmental consultant and former
climatology professor - University of Winnipeg, Chair, Natural
Resources Stewardship Project, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
8. E. Calvin Beisner, PhD, founder and national spokesman, Cornwall
Alliance for the Stewardship of Creation, serves on the pastoral staff of
Holy Trinity Presbyterian Church, Broward County, Florida, U.S.A.
9. Paul Berkowitz, BSEE/MSEE, Telecommunications R&D,
President, Berkowitz Professional Services, Little Silver, New Jersey,
U.S.A.
10. Tom Borelli, PhD, Portfolio Manager, Free Enterprise Action
Fund, Eastchester, New York, U.S.A.
11. William M. Briggs, PhD., Statistical Consultant (specializing in
accuracy of forecasts and climate variability), U.S.A.
12. Stephen Brown, PhD (Environmental Science, State University of
New York), Ground Penetrating Radar Glacier research, District
Agriculture Agent Cooperative Extension Service University of Alaska,
Fairbanks Mat-Su District Office Palmer; Alaska Agriculture Extension
Agent/Researcher, National Center for Policy Analysis, Alaska, U.S.A.
13. H. Sterling Burnett, PhD, Senior Fellow, National Center for
Policy Analysis, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.
14. Robert M. Carter, PhD, Professor, Marine Geophysical Laboratory,
James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
15. John Chadbourne, PhD, Environmental Engineer, Essroc Cement
Corp, Italcementi Group, Nazareth, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
16. Paul Chesser, Director, Climate Strategies Watch, C/O, John Locke
Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A.
17. David Christensen, BA (Math.), MBA (Intl. Econ.), PE
(Mechanical), and PE (Control System); Corporate Planner, Estimator,
(Retired), Sr. Member of Engineering staff, Bechtel International, San
Francisco, California, U.S.A.
18. David W. Christensen, BA (Math/Physics, UCSB (University of
California, Santa Barbara)), MBA (Intl. Econ.), PE (Mechanical and
Control Systems), Bechtel Engineering Corporation (retired), Salisbury,
Maryland, U.S.A
19. Michael Coffman, PhD, (ecosysytems analysis and climate
change), CEO of Sovereignty International, President of Environmental
Perspectives, Inc., Bangor, Maine, U.S.A..
20. John Coleman, Founder, The Weather Channel, Weather Anchor,
KUSI-TV, San Diego, California, U.S.A.
21. Piers Corbyn, ARCS, FRAS, FRMetS, astrophysicist (Queen Mary
College, London), consultant, owner of Weather Action long range
forecasters, degree in Physics (Imperial College London), England
22. Roy Cordato, PhD, Vice President for Research, Resident Scholar
of the John Locke Foundation, former Senior Economist at the Institute
for Research on the Economics of Taxation (IRET), Washington, D.C.,
U.S.A.
23. Richard S. Courtney, PhD, energy and environmental consultant,
IPCC expert reviewer, Falmouth, Cornwall, United Kingdom
24. Joseph D’Aleo, MS, Meteorologist and Climatologist (retired),
Executive Director, ICECAP (International Climate and Environmental
Change Assessment Project), Hudson, New Hampshire, U.S.A.
25. David Douglass, PhD, Professor of Physics, University of
Rochester, New York, U.S.A.
26. Paul Driessen, BA (Geology and Field Ecology), LLB
(environment and natural resource law), Senior policy advisor, Congress
of Racial Equality, Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise, Committee
For A Constructive Tomorrow, Fairfax, Virginia, U.S.A.
27. Terry Dunleavy, MBE, JP, Founding Chairman, International
Climate Science Coalition, North Shore City, New Zealand
28. John Dale Dunn, MD, JD, Medical Officer, Brown County
Sherriff's Office, civilian physician, Carl R. Darnall Army Medical
Center, Fort Hood, Texas, U.S.A.
29. Myron Ebell, MSc, Director, Energy & Global Warming Policy,
Competitive Enterprise Institute, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
30. Michael J. Economides, PhD, Professor, Cullen College of
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
31. Michael X.Y. Feng, Associate Professor of Economics, Cathay
Institute for Public Affairs, Beijing, China
32. Maria Uaudia Ferragni, Events Manager, Istituto Bruno Leoni,
Torino, Italy
33. David Fiore, Logos Forensics Club, Senior Software Engineer,
New York, New York, U.S.A.
34. Viv Forbes, Chairman, Carbon Sense Coalition, Sheep and Cattle
Grazier, Soil Scientist and Mining Consultant, Rosewood, Queensland,
Australia
35. Michael R. Fox, PhD, Nuclear Scientist (retired), consultant,
member (American Nuclear Society, Health Physics Society, and the
Radiochemistry Society), Richland, Washington, U.S.A.
36. Peter Friedman, PhD, Member, American Geophysical Union,
Assistant professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Massachusetts, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
37. Edgar Gärtner, Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies (DEA, en Ecologie
appliquée, Redaktionsbüro), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
38. William Gilles, BS (Management of Information Sciences), MBA,
National Director, Collegians For A Constructive Tomorrow (CFACT),
St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.
39. Tom W. Glaser, BA, MA (U.S. History, Florida International
University), Master of International Management (American Graduate
School of International Management), Social Studies Teacher, (Hialeah-
Miami Lakes Senior High School, Miami-Dade County Public Schools),
Adjunct Professor, Nova Southeastern University, Oakland Park, Florida,
U.S.A.
40. Fred Goldberg, PhD, Adj Professor, Royal Institute of Technology
(Mechanical Engineering), Secretary General KTH International Climate
Seminar 2006 and Climate analyst, Stockholm, Sweden
41. Stanley B. Goldenberg, Research Meteorologist, NOAA,
AOML/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.
42. Alan M. Gottlieb, BS (Nuclear Engineering, University of
Tennessee), President, Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise,
Bellevue, Washington, U.S.A.
43. Allan Gotthelf, PhD, Visiting Professor of History and Philosophy
of Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
44. Vincent Gray, PhD, New Zealand Climate Coalition, expert
reviewer for the IPCC, author of The Greenhouse Delusion: A Critique of
Climate Change 2001, Wellington, New Zealand
45. William M. Gray, PhD, Professor Emeritus (Dept. of Atmospheric
Science), Colorado State University, Head of the Tropical Meteorology
Project, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A.
46. Kesten C. Green, PhD, Business and Economic Forecasting Unit,
Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
47. Kirtland C. Griffin, Quality Engineer, Guilford, Connecticut,
U.S.A.
48. Kenneth Haapala, MS (Economics), Economic Modeling, Energy
Economics, (Self Employed), Fairfax, Virginia, U.S.A.
49. Lars B. Hagen, BSME, MSEE, Engineer (retired, large computing
systems development engineer), educator, math and science courses,
Moneta, Virginia, U.S.A.
50. David Hann, State Senator, Eden Prairie, Minnesota, U.S.A.
51. Tom Harris, B. Eng., M. Eng. (Mech.), Executive Director,
International Climate Science Coalition, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
52. Howard Hayden, PhD, Emeritus Professor (Physics), University of
Connecticut, The Energy Advocate, Pueblo West, Colorado, U.S.A.
53. Laurence Hecht, BS, Dipl (Universal Ecological Academy,
Moscow), Editor-in-Chief, 21st Century Science & Technology
Magazine, Leesburg, Virginia, U.S.A.
54. Peter M. Holle, MBAdmin (University of Wisconsin at Madison),
President, Frontier Center for Public Policy, Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada
55. Art Horn, Meteorologist (honors, Lyndon State College,
Lyndonville, Vermont), operator, The Art of Weather, operator, The Art
of Weather, U.S.A.
56. Craig D. Idso, PhD, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the
Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, Tempe,
Arizona, U.S.A.
57. Andrei Illarionov, PhD, Senior Fellow, Center for Global Liberty
and Prosperity, U.S.A., founder and director of the Institute of Economic
Analysis, Russia
58. Don Irvine, Chairman, Accuracy In Media, Washington, D.C.,
U.S.A.
59. Zbigniew Jaworowski, PhD, physicist, Senior Science Advisor of
the Scientific Council of Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection,
Warsaw, Poland
60. Kelvin Kemm, MSc, PhD (Nuclear Physics), Business Strategy
Consultant and Nuclear Power policy developer, CEO, Stratek Business
Strategy Consultants, Pretoria, South Africa
61. Madhav L. Khandekar, PhD, consultant meteorologist, (former)
Research Scientist, Environment Canada, Editor "Climate Research” (03-
05), Editorial Board Member "Natural Hazards, IPCC Expert Reviewer
2007, Unionville, Ontario, Canada
62. William Kininmonth MSc, MAdmin, former head of Australia’s
National Climate Centre and a consultant to the World Meteorological
organization’s Commission for Climatology, Kew, Victoria, Australia
63. Theodore J. Kowalyshyn, MD (Hahnemann University,
Philadelphia), B.Sc. (Mining Engineering), semi-retired physician
working in internal medicine and formerly in hematology and oncology,
Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
64. Martin Krause, PhD (economics, ESEADE Graduate School),
Buenos Aires, Argentina
65. Hans H.J. Labohm, PhD, economist, former advisor to the
executive board, Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands Institute of
International Relations), Leimuiden, The Netherlands
66. George Landrith, LLB, adjunct professor at the George Mason
School of Law, President, Frontiers of Freedom Institute (FF.org),
Fairfax, Virginia, U.S.A.
67. Brian Lavelle, Attorney (University of Virginia School of Law),
The Van Winkle Law Firm, Asheville, North Carolina, U.S.A.
68. Simon Lee, The Lion Rock Institute, Hong Kong, China
69. David R. Legates, PhD, Director, Center for Climatic Research,
University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, U.S.A.
70. Jay Lehr, BEng (Princeton), PhD (environmental science and
ground water hydrology), Science Director, The Heartland Institute,
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
71. John Liljegren, Law Degree, JD (University of California,
Berkeley), Chief Operating Officer, Mastery Learning Institute (network
of Arthur Academy Charter Schools), Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.
72. Floy Lilley, BS, JD, Adjunct Faculty, Ludwig von Mises Institute,
Auburn, Alabama, U.S.A.
73. Michael Limburg, Engineer, deputy press-speaker of Europäisches
Institut für Klima & Energie (EIKE - European Institute for Climate &
Energy), Groß Glienicke, Germany
74. Bob Long, B.E. (Electrical, University of Queensland), Diploma of
Computer Science, Electrical Engineer; Computer Scientist, author of the
1988 booklet "Greenhouse Hokum", Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
75. Howard Maccabee, PhD, MD, President, Doctors for Disaster
Preparedness, Alamo, California, U.S.A.
76. Jennifer Marohasy, BSc, PhD, Biologist, Writer, Senior Fellow,
Institute of Public Affairs, Director, Australian Environment Foundation,
Sydney, Australia
77. Jim Martin, President of 60 Plus Association, Arlington, Virginia,
U.S.A.
78. Ian C. McClintok, New South Wales Farmers Association, New
South Wales, Australia
79. Owen McShane, Resource Economist, Centre for Resource
Management Studies, New Zealand; policy panel of the New Zealand
Climate Science Coalition
80. Amos Meyer, Theoretical Physics, Applied Mathematics,
Mathematical Modeling, Chief Scientist, Westport, Connecticut, U.S.A.
81. Steven J. Milloy, BA (Natural Sciences, Johns Hopkins
University), Master of Health Sciences (Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins
University School of Hygiene and Public Health), Juris Doctorate
(University of Baltimore), Master of Laws (Georgetown University Law
Center), Portfolio Manager, Free Enterprise Action Fund, Founder and
Publisher, JunkScience.com, Potomac, Maryland, U.S.A.
82. Ferenc Mark Miskolczi, PhD, atmospheric physicist, formerly of
NASA's Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, U.S.A.
83. Christopher Monckton, Viscount of Brenchley, Chief Policy
Advisor, Science and Public Policy Institute, Quantification of Climate
Sensitivity, Carie, Rannoch, Scotland
84. Paul E. Morris, MD (retired), Oakland, California, U.S.A.
85. Todd Nesbit, PhD (economics), Assistant Professor of Economics,
Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, Erie, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
86. Muriel Newman, Doctor of [Mathematics] Education (EdD,
Rutgers University), BSc (Auckland, NZ), New Zealand Centre for
Political Research, former Member of Parliament (NZ), WHANGAREI,
New Zealand
87. Marita Noon, Executive Director, Citizens' Alliance for
Responsible Energy (CARE), Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.
88. James J. O'Brien, PhD, Emeritus Professor, Meteorology and
Oceanography, Florida State University, Florida, U.S.A.
89. Alan P. Patarga, Secretary, Federazione Ambiente Agricoltura,
Instituto Bruno Leoni, Italy
90. R. Timothy Patterson, PhD, Professor & Director, Ottawa-Carleton
Geoscience Center, Department of Earth Sciences (paleoclimatology),
Carleton University, Chair - International Climate Science Coalition,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
91. Faelton C. Perkins Jr., MA (Metallurgical Engineering), President
(retired), The Henry Perkins Co,. A Meehanite Foundry, Bridgewater,
Maryland, U.S.A.
92. James Poesl, MS (Environmental Policy Studies), BS
(Environmental Studies), Certificate (Environmental Management and
Infrastructure), Senior Environmental Policy Analyst, Decisive Action
LLC, Freehold, New Jersey, U.S.A.
93. Belinda Rankin, Vice President of External Relations, Frontiers of
Freedom Institute (FF.org), Fairfax, Virginia, U.S.A.
94. Malcolm Roberts, BE (U of Qld), MBA (U of Chicago), Chartered
Engineer (UK); Fellow AICD, Fellow ASQ, Director, IMC - International
Montessori Council, U.S.A.; Director - Catalyst For Corporate
Performance Pty Ltd., Brisbane, Australia
95. Craig Rucker, MPA, Executive Director and environmental policy
expert, Committee For A Constructive Tomorrow (CFACT),
Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A.
96. James Rust, PhD (Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University), MEng
(Nuclear, MIT), BSc (Chemical, Purdue), Retired professor, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
97. Ronald J. Rychlak, JD, Professor of Law and Associate Dean for
Academic Affairs, University of Mississippi School of Law, Oxford,
Mississippi, U.S.A.
98. Paul Saunders, MS (Chemical Engineering, Lehigh University), BS
(University of Massachusetts), Semiconductor & Opto-electronic Device
Manufacturing, Retired Senior Engineer (Process, Quality Control &
Calibration), AT&T-Western Electric, Lucent Technologies, Agere
Systems, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
99. Richard A. Schulman, M.A. (Columbia University), M.A. (New
York University), Retired technology consultant, New York, U.S.A.
100. Peter K. Seldin, New Canaan, Connecticut, USA
101. S. Fred Singer, PhD, Professor Emeritus (Environmental Sciences),
University of Virginia, former director, U.S. Weather Satellite Service,
Science and Environmental Policy Project, Charlottesville, Virginia,
U.S.A.
102. Douglas Southgate, PhD, Professor of Agricultural, Environmental
and Development Economics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,
U.S.A.
103. Roy W. Spencer, PhD, climatologist, Principal Research Scientist,
Earth System Science Center, The University of Alabama, Huntsville,
Alabama, U.S.A.
104. Paul Spite, BAgrig, BSc (Environmental Design, Ball State
University, Muncie), President, AFD Consulting (full service
architectural firm), Cookeville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
105. Carlo Stagnaro, Eng, Director, Department Energy and
Environment (environment/energy economics), Istituto Bruno Leoni,
Torino, Italy
106. Wojciech J. Szalecki, PhD (Organic Chemistry), senior scientist,
formerly University of Lodz, Poland, and University of Colorado, now in
Eugene, Oregon, U.S.A.
107. Mitchell Taylor, PhD, Biologist (Polar Bear Specialist), Wildlife
Research Section, Department of Environment, Igloolik, Nunavut,
Canada
108. George H. Taylor, Certified Consulting Meteorologist, Former
State Climatologist (Oregon), Past President, American Association of
State Climatologists, Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A.
109. Ms. Maggie Thauerskold, economist, freelance writer,
Helsingborg, Sweden
110. Holger Thuss, PhD (history), CFACT, Jena, Germany
111. Margaret Tse, PhD, CEO, Instituto Liberdade (Brazialian 'Think
Tank'), Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
112. Anthony Watts, ItWorks/IntelliWeather, Founder, surfacestation
s.org, Chico, California, U.S.A.
113. Gerd-Rainer Weber, PhD, Consulting Meteorologist, Essen,
Germany
114. Steven J. Welcenbach, BS (Chemistry, University of Wisconsin),
Chemist, Environmental and Waste Project, Owner and President,
Alchemical Ventures, Inc, majority owner and President, Third Coast
Courier Inc, Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

QUALIFIED ENDORSERS NOT AT CONFERENCE

The following individuals, all well-trained in science and technology or

climate change-related economics and policy, have allowed their names
to be listed as endorsing the Manhattan Declaration on Climate Change:

1. Bernard Abrams, MA (Natural Sciences, University of

Cambridge), Cheltenham, United Kingdom
2. Amesh A. Adalja, MD, Fellow, Division of Infectious Diseases,
University of Pittsburgh, Butler, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
3. Hal Adams, MSc (Geophysics, University of Kentucky), 33 years
geophysicist, Katy, Texas, U.S.A.
4. Larry D. Agenbroad, Emeritus Professor of Geology & Quaternary
Studies, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, U.S.A.,
Director, Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, Hot Springs, South Dakota,
U.S.A.
5. Göran Ahlgren, PhD (Organic Chemistry), Consultant, CEO,
Stockholm, Sweden
6. Don Aitkin, PhD, Professor, social scientist, retired Vice-
Chancellor and President, University of Canberra, now residing in
Yarralumla, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
7. Syun-Ichi Akasofu, PhD, Professor of Physics, Emeritus and
Founding Director, International Arctic Research Center of the University
of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A.
8. Bruce Alexander, BSc (Geology, University of Alberta), geology,
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
9. William J. R. Alexander PrEng, Professor Emeritus, Department
of Civil and Biosystems Engineering, University of Pretoria, Honorary
Fellow, South African Institution of Civil Engineering, South Africa
10. Derek Alker, BA (Hons. Geography), Quality Assurance,
Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
11. Jim Allard, MS (Electrical Engineering, Audio Signal Processing),
CEO, Allard Designs Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
12. Donald Anderson, PhD, Physical Chemist, Manager, Software
North LLC, Anchorage, Alaska, U.S.A.
13. Sheal L. Anderson, BS (Forest Mgt., Washington State University),
MBA (Forest Industries Mgt., University of Oregon), Forest & Wood
Products Management, Anderson & Associates, Inc., Consulting Forester,
retired, Port Ludlow, Washington, U.S.A.
14. Bjarne Andresen, PhD, physicist, Professor, The Niels Bohr
Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
15. Lance Appleby, Dipl. (Computer Science), Software Development
Consultant, previously Environment Canada (EC) Upper Air Technician
and Surface Observer in the High Arctic, now an EC volunteer climate
recorder, Okotoks, Alberta, Canada
16. Mike Arthur, B.Sc. (Geology), M.Sc., D.I.C. Geophysics, M.Sc.
(Reservoir Evaluation & Management (Petroleum Geoengineering)),
Geophysicist, Dalgety Bay, Dunfermline, Fife, U.K.
17. David Atlan, PhD, CEO, PhenoSystems, Molecular Genetics
Software, Brussels, Belgium
18. Robert Austin, BSc, Professional Engineer, Owner - Austin
Engineering, London, Ontario, Canada
19. Hartmut Bachman, author ("The lie of the climate catastrophe –
Manipulated angst as device for control”, ISBN 978-3-8280-2604-9),
Hamburg, Germany
20. Roger Baekeland, BSc.Eng. (Geology, University of Manitoba),
Member of Friends of Science, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
21. Daniel Baker, BS (Computer Science), Telecommunications Tech,
NOC Level 2, Otelco, Bangor, Maine, U.S.A.
22. John W. Bales, BA, MA, PhD (Mathematics, Modeling), Professor,
Tuskegee University, Waverly, Alabama, U.S.A.
23. Eugene Balfour, BSc (Kinesiology), IT Personnel Recruiter, Senior
Recruiter, Asset Computer Personnel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
24. Peter Ballantyne, PhD (Engineering, Electronics, University of
Cambridge); VP R&D, Bell Laboratories (retired), Leamington Spa,
United Kingdom
25. Gregory J. Balle, B.E., MSc., PhD (Joint Aerospace Engineering
and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics), Pukekohe, New Zealand
26. Kent Barker, BSC (Mechanical Engineering), Product Design &
Development, Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.A.
27. John Barnard, PhD (Physics), Health Physics, Radiation Protection,
Director Research & Technology, Acsion Industries, Pinawa, Manitoba,
Canada
28. Keith Barnes, MS (Physics), Aerospace, Sr. Technical Specialist,
Northfield, Minnesota, U.S.A.
29. David L. Barss BSc (Hon. Geology), Professional Geologist
(APEGGA), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
30. Romuald Bartnik, PhD (Organic Chemistry), Professor Emeritus,
University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
31. Colin Barton, PhD (Earth Science), former Principal Research
Scientist, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
(CSIRO), Melbourne, Australia
32. Don Basso, BSc (Geology), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
33. Joe Bastardi, BSc, (Meteorology, Pennsylvania State),
meteorologist, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
34. Matthew Bastardi, BSc (Meteorology, Texas A and M University),
Florida, U.S.A.
35. Steve Bauke, BSc (Geology), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
36. Gerald Bayne, BA, BEng, Aircraft servo mechanics and
electronics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
37. John Stanley Beard, MA., BSc, D.Phil (Oxon), Australia
38. Ernst-Georg Beck, Dipl. Biol., Biologist, Dept. Biotechnology and
Nutrition Science, Merian-Schule, Freiburg, Germany
39. Gary Beckstrom, BS (Physics, Utah State University 1989),
Research and Health Physics, United States Navy, Ridgecrest, California,
U.S.A.
40. Pieter I. Bekker, BSc (agriculture), BSc Hon, MSc, PhD, Research
and Development, Director (retired), South Africa
41. Donald L. Bell, PE, BS (Engineering Technology, Murray State
University), Chief Engineer, KenAmerican Resources, Inc., Central City,
Kentucky, U.S.A.
42. Trent Bell, MSc, Science Teacher, West Hill Secondary School,
Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada
43. David Bellamy, OBE, English botanist, author, broadcaster,
environmental campaigner, Hon. Professor of Botany (Geography),
University of Nottingham, Hon. Prof. Faculty of Engineering and
Physical Systems, Central Queensland University, Hon. Prof. of Adult
and Continuing Education, University of Durham, United Nations
Environment Program Global 500 Award Winner, Dutch Order of The
Golden Ark, Bishop Auckland County, Durham, U.K.
44. Desmond Benfield, C.Chem, MRSC, retired, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
45. William R. Bennett, BS, MS, M (AAM), Ms (AAM), Director for
The Kentucky Science Teachers' Association, Professor of Chemistry and
Microbiology, St, Catherine College and The University of Kentucky, St.
Catherine, Kentucky, U.S.A.
46. Walter Benstead, BS (Honors Geology), Geoscientist, Professional
consultant, Benstead Geological Services Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada
47. Dingo Bernatchez, CO2 Emission Control, Huntingdon Institute
for Global Dynamics, Huntington, Quebec, Canada
48. Andre Bernier, Meteorologist, WJW-TV, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
49. Sally Bernier, Meteorologist, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
50. Edwin Berry, PhD (Atmospheric Physics, University of Nevada),
Climate Physics, LLC, Bigfork, Montanna, U.S.A.
51. Jennifer Christine Bevan, Geologist and university science
museum senior curator, Perth, Australia
52. Glenn C. Van Bever, Esq., BS (Civil Engineering, University of
Kentucky), BS (Mining Engineering, University of Kentucky), Doctorate
of Juris (University of Kentucky), General Counsel, Murray Energy
Corporation and Subsidiary Companies, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A.
53. M.I. Bhat, Professor (Tectonics, Department of Geology &
Geophysics, University of Kashmir), Sprinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
54. Peter V. Bias, PhD (Economics), economics and applied statistics,
Professor of Economics, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, Florida,
U.S.A.
55. Michael Biggs, BSc (Honours), retired, Chesterfield, Berbyshire,
United Kingdom
56. Paul Biggs, BSc (Hons. Biological Sciences), CR United Kingdom
Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston,
Birmingham, United Kingdom
57. Henry Blanter, BEng (Elect), Master degree (Control), Energy
Management, Oztech Intelligent Systems p/l, Sydney, New South Wales,
Australia
58. John Blanton, MSEE, Electrical Engineer, Senior Engineer,
Motorola, Santa Clara, California, U.S.A.
59. Tom Blanton, PhD, Tectonophysics, Consultant, Blanton
Associates, Larkspur, Colorado, U.S.A.
60. John Blaylock, Computer Scientist, Computer Simulations,
(retired), Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico,
U.S.A.
61. John Blethen, PhD (Physics) , Nuclear Physicist, Ely, Nevada,
U.S.A.
62. Frederick Bobiasz, B.Eng., LLB, LLM, Law, retired, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada
63. Ian Bock, BSc, PhD, DSc, Biological sciences (retired),
Ringkobing, Denmark
64. Sonja A. Boehmer-Christiansen, PhD, Reader, Dept. of Geography,
University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
65. Scott Boman, B.Sc., MA (Physics, Western Michigan University),
Professor, Macomb Community College and Wayne Community College
District, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.
66. Frederick Bopp, PhD (Geology), Environmental Consulting,
Owner, Earth Quest, Downingtown, Pennsylvania. U.S.A.
67. Bruce Borders, PhD, Forest Biometrics, Professor, Warnell School
of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia, U.S.A.
68. Christoph C. Borel, PhD, Electrical & Computer Engineer,
Callaway, Ohio, U.S.A.
69. Clyde I. Borrell, PE, BS (Civil Engineering, University of
Colorado); Manager of Engineering, The Ohio Valley Coal Company,
Alledonia, Ohio, U.S.A.
70. Lynne Bourque, BA (Environmental Science), MS (Engineering,
Environmental Studies), Littleton, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
71. Stephen Bourque, BSEE, MSEE; Senior Electrical Engineer,
Object Engineering, Littleton, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
72. Albert Boykiw, M.B.A., P.ENG, Energy Specialist, President,
Boykiw & Company, Alberta, Canada
73. Charles Bradley, BS (Math, Physics), MSCS, MBA, retired
software engineer, Acton, Massachusettes, U.S.A.
74. John Brand, MS (IST), Information Technology, ISSE, George
Washington University, Ashburn, Virginia, U.S.A.
75. Jim Brasher, MS (Geology, Texas A&M), Member of AAPG,
Technical Lead for Middle East/North Africa Business Development for
ConocoPhillips, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
76. Ian Brasslett, BS (Physics), Telecommunications, Network
Operations, University of Maine, Bangor, U.S.A.
77. Phillip Bratby, BSc, PhD, Energy consultancy, Tiverton, Devon,
England, United Kingdom
78. James Brennand, MIEEE, Electrical Engineering, Ex Electrical
Manager, IPSCO, retired, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
79. Bill Brent, BSc (Electrical Engineering), Technical Writer,
Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.
80. John Brignell, BSc (Eng.), PhD, Professor Emeritus of Industrial
Instrumentation, University of Southampton, Southampton, United
Kingdom
81. John Brodie, BASc., MASc. (Metallurgical), P.Eng., Director
Environmental Affairs, British Columbia Railway Co., Surrey, BC,
Canada
82. James Brooks, BS, PhD, Geophysics, Adelaide, Australia
83. John W. Brosnahan, Vanderpool, Texas, U.S.A., Research
Physicist (Atmospheric Remote Sensing), atmospheric science
consultant, founder of Signal Hill Research, LLC., former President of
Alpha/Power, Inc., founder of LaSalle Research Inc., founder of Tycho
Technology Inc.
84. Atholl Sutherland Brown, PhD (Geology, Princeton University),
Regional geology, tectonics and mineral deposits, Victoria, British
Columbia, Canada
85. Douglas Alan Brown, PE (Engineering and Management), Douglas
A Brown Consultants, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
86. Terry Brown, BSc, Chemical Engineering, partner, ParCon
Consulting, Marblehead, Maryland, U.S.A.
87. Reid A. Bryson, Ph.D., D.Sc., D.Engr., Senior Scientist, Center for
Climatic Research Emeritus Prof. of Meteorology, of Geography, and of
Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin,
U.S.A.
88. James Buckee, PhD (astrophysics), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
89. Dave Bufalo, Professional Engineer (Civil Engineering, retired),
Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.
90. Bruce Bullough, BS (Chemical Engineering), chemical process
design, pollution controls systems design, Cottage Grove, Minnesota,
U.S.A.
91. Ronald L. Burdette, BS (Mining Engineering, West Virginia
University), Manager of Engineering and Chief Engineer, American
Energy Corporation, Beallsville, Ohio, U.S.A.
92. Frank Bures, Professional Engineer - Electronics, High Power
Computing, Supercomputing, Manager, Electronics & Computing
Facility, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
93. Tony Burns, BE Chem Eng (Hon 1), PhD Chem Eng (Gas
Diffusion), Q-Skills, U.S.A.
94. Roger Burtner, PhD (Harvard University), MS (Stanford
University), Former National Science Foundation Fellow, Fellow
Geological Society of America, research geologist/geochemist,
Consulting geologist, former research scientist, Chevron Oil Field
Research Co, R. L. Burtner & Associates, Fullerton, California, U.S.A.
95. Everett Burts, PhD (Biological Science), Insect pest management,
Professor (retired), Washington State University, Wenatchee,
Washington, U.S.A.
96. Thomas P. Byrne, Ph.D., Engineering, Investment, retired,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
97. Fred V. Byther, B.S. (Geology), Vice President of Exploration and
a co-founder of Oracle Resources Ltd, Dallas, Texas
98. Patrick D. Caldwell, MS, geology, writer, Quailwood Associates,
Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
99. Jorge Calvache, M.Sc. (Geosciences), Houston, TX, U.S.A.
100. Thomas Calvert, B.Sc. (Mech Eng.), P. Eng., retired, Oakville,
Ontario, Canada
101. Mark Campbell, PhD (Chemical Physics, Johns Hopkins
University, 1987), gas phase kinetics, United States Naval Academy,
Annapolis, Maryland, U.S.A.
102. Nels Carlson, P.Geol., CEO Energy Venture Inc, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
103. Jeff H. Carlton, BS (Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of
Technology); Manager, Longwall Equipment, American Energy
Corporation, Beallsville, Ohio, U.S.A.
104. Craig Carmichael, B.Sc., D.C., Internet Provider, Owner,
silonet.ca, Port Hope, Ontario, Canada
105. David Carr, BSc (Electrical Engineering), Bristol, United Kingdom
106. Dan Carruthers, M.Sc., wildlife biology consultant specializing in
animal ecology in Arctic and Subarctic regions, Alberta, Canada
107. Seymour Caruthers, Engineer, Nuclear Science, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada
108. Richard Ceen, BS (Electronic Engineering), BS (Physical
Oceanography), FIMarEST, MIET, Marine Engineering, Liquid Gas
Transportation, Technical Director, Seatechnik Ltd., Hawarden, United
Kingdom
109. David Chabot, Software Engineer, Québec, Québec, Canada
110. John Chapman, BSc, FCIM, P.Eng, Geology and Mining, Business
Principal, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
111. Alan Cheetham, M.A.Sc., Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
112. Peter Cherniavsky, BEng (Mechanical, UBC), past President and
Chairman, BC Sugar Refining Co., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
113. Michael N. Chernoff, P. Geol. (Alberta) and a P.Eng. (BC), 50
years working geologist, West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
114. George V. Chilingar, PhD, Professor, Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering of Engineering, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
115. Dr. Toma Christian, PhD, Physicist (retired), Essen, Germany
116. Jens Ole Christiansen, Diplom Engeneer, Strategic planning,
Bankdata, Fredericia, Denmark
117. Ian D. Clark, PhD, Professor (isotope hydrogeology and
paleoclimatology), Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
118. James Clarke, BS (Meteorology), TV-Meteorologist, WZVN-TV,
Ft. Myers, Florida, U.S.A.
119. Robert Clay, BS (Earth Sciences/Geology), Natural Gas
Exploration, Penn State University, West Mifflin, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
120. Charles A. Clough, BS (Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology), MS (Atmospheric Science, Texas Tech University), former
(to 2006) Chief of the US Army Atmospheric Effects Team at Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Maryland; now residing in Bel Air, Maryland, U.S.A.
121. Michael Clover, PhD (experimental nuclear physics); Computer
Simulation, Senior Scientist, Science Applications International Corp.,
San Diego, California, U.S.A.
122. Kevin R. Coffman, BS (Geology), Geologist, Vice-President
Exploration, Protégé Energy, LLC E&P Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
U.S.A.
123. Jeremy Colman, BS, PhD, Perth, Western Australia
124. Martin Coniglio, Meteorologist, KUSA-TV, Denver, Colorado,
U.S.A.
125. Jeremy Cooke, BSc, MSc, MBA, Internet Technology, Dublin,
Ireland
126. Denis Cooper, BSc. Dphil, Chemistry, Maidenhead, Berkshire,
United Kingdom
127. Ted Cooper, B.A. (Geology,), M.B.A., retired, Powell River,
British Colombia, Canada
128. Paul Copper, BSc, MSc, PhD, DIC, FRSC, Professor Emeritus,
Department of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University Sudbury, Ontario,
Canada
129. Allan Cortese, meteorological researcher and spotter for the
National Weather Service, retired computer professional, Billerica,
Massachusetts, U.S.A.
130. Gerry Crawford, PhD (Engineering), P.Eng., Mississauga, Ontario,
Canada
131. William Crawford, B.Sc. P.Eng., Metallurgical Engineering,
retired, Cobourg, Ontario, Canada
132. Susan Crockford, PhD (Zoology/Evolutionary
Biology/Archaeozoology), Adjunct Professor (Anthropology/Faculty of
Graduate Studies), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Colombia,
Canada
133. Edmund M. Cudworth, MBA, MS (Physics), electrochemistry,
CEO, Electrolytic Technologies Corp, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.
134. Claude Culross, PhD (Organic Chemistry), retired, Baton Rouge,
Louisiana, U.S.A.
135. Lester Currie, MSc (Geology), retired, Pender Island, British
Columbia, Canada
136. Dalcio K. Dacol, PhD (physics, University of California at
Berkeley), physicist at the US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington,
D.C., U.S.A.
137. Dave Dahl, BSc (Meteorology, Florida State University), Chief
Meteorologist, 5 EYEWITNESS NEWS/KSTP-TV, Saint Paul,
Minnesota, U.S.A.
138. Richard Dale, MA (Cantab), Natural Sciences (Geology), St
Columb Major, Cornwall, United Kingdom
139. Ronald Arthur Davidson, BSc, MD, MPH, ABPM (AM), CD,
National Security Infrastructure Partnership, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
140. Tom Davidson, PhD ABD (Chemical Physics), Hazardous
Materials, Chemist, Defense Logistics Agency, Richmond, Virginia,
U.S.A.
141. Terry Davis, BSc, MComm, Sydney, Australia
142. José Carlos de Almeida Azevedo, PhD (Physics, MIT), Consulting,
former President, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
143. Willem De Lange, PhD, MSc(Hons), Dphil (Computer and Earth
Sciences), Senior Lecturer in Earth and Ocean Sciences, Waikato
University, Hamilton, New Zealand
144. John Daniel Defoe, BA (Physical Geography, Sunny, Buffalo),
Electrical Engineer, Lexmark, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A.
145. David C. DeGagne, BSc, C.E.T, Vice President Corporate
Development, Noise Solutions Inc, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
146. James DeMeo, Ph.D. (University of Kansas, Geography, Climate,
Environmental Science), retired University Professor, now in Private
Research, Ashland, Oregon, U.S.A.
147. David Deming, PhD (Geophysics), Associate Professor, College of
Arts and Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
148. Paolo DePetrillo, MD, BS (Biology), MD, Private equity, General
Partner, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
149. Roger Dewhurst, M.App.Sc, Environmental Geology, Geologist,
Auckland, New Zealand
150. Robin Dobos, PhD, Animal Science, modelling, Armidale, New
South Wales, Australia
151. Drew Dodd, BS (Mechanical Engineering), Manager, Process
Research and Development, Corning, Inc., Hickory, North Carolina,
U.S.A.
152. Charles Dougherty, B. Eng. (Mechanical Engineering - South
Dakota School of Mines and Technology), Engineering Manager
(retired), E I DuPont DeNemours and Co Inc, Pennsylvania, currently
residing in Garnet Valley, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
153. Floyd Doughty, MS (University of Florida), Houston, Texas,
U.S.A.
154. Jonathan Drake, BSc (Hons. Physics), Geological Exploration
Instrumentation, Senior Electronics Physicist, Loughborough, United
Kingdom
155. Alan Drew, PhD (Physics), Leverhulme Fellow in Molecular and
Materials Physics, University of London, London, United Kingdom
156. Seymour Dubroff, Doctor of Medicine (retired), Chevy Chase,
Maryland, U.S.A.
157. Mark Duchamp, Renewable Energy Manager, Iberica 2000, Partida
La Sella, Spain
158. Geoffrey Duffy, DEng, PhD, BSc, ASTC Dip, Professor of
Chemical Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New
Zealand
159. Jonathan DuHamel, BS (Geological Engineering) MS (Geology),
Mineral Exploration & Development, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A.
160. Michael Dunn, BS, MS, MAA (aeronautics & astronautics),
defense industry, system engineer, The Boeing Company, Seattle,
Washington, U.S.A.
161. Robert Durrenberger, PhD, former Arizona State Climatologist and
President of the American Association of State Climatologists, Professor
Emeritus of Geography, Arizona State University; Sun City, Arizona,
U.S.A..
162. Freeman J. Dyson, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Physics, Institute
for Advanced Studies, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A.
163. Don J. Easterbrook, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Geology, Western
Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, U.S.A.
164. Roderick Eaton, MBA, DMS, FIET (UK), Consultant Energy
Industry Analyst, Fellow of the Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Melksham, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
165. Timothy J. Eddy, BS (Electrical Engineering Technology,
Fairmont State College), Mine Manager and Superintendent, American
Energy Corporation, Beallsville, Ohio, U.S.A.
166. Geoffrey Edwards, BSc Hons, Retired, Bromsgrove, United
Kingdom
167. Theo Eichten, PhD; Managing Director, Yoshihiro Tsunemi,
Ismaning, Munich, Germany
168. John Elliot, BSc (Chemistry and Geology), M Sc (Geology,
University of Auckland), Diploma in Geoscience (mineral economics,
Macquarie University, NSW), Anzeco Pty. Limited, mineral exploration
consulting services, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
169. Lance Endersbee (deceased, October 1, 2009) , AO, Emeritus
Professor, former Dean of Engineering and Pro-Vice Chancellor of
Monasy University, Past President - Engineers Australia, Frankston,
Victoria, Australia
170. Per Engene, PhD, Biologist, Valenvegen, Norway
171. Todd Erickson, BS (Computer Science), Software Systems
Consulting, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.
172. Robert H. Essenhigh, PhD, E.G. Bailey Professor of Energy
Conversion, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
173. David Evans, PhD (EE), MSc (Stat), MSc (EE), MA (Math), BE
(EE), BSc, mathematician, carbon accountant, computer and electrical
engineer and head of 'Science Speak', Perth, Western Australia, Australia
174. Gordon Evans, BS (Meteorology, Texas A&M University), MS
(Soil Science, Texas A&M University), 30 yrs as environmental
consultant on natural earth systems and processes and industrial
pollution, including management of several advanced atmospheric
modeling and measurement projects, Environmental Manager, The Texas
A&M University System, College Station, Texas, U.S.A.
175. Thomas Arnold Percy Eyre, CD, MSc, NavE, MCSSE, PEng,
Consulting Engineer, Climatology, The P Sub H Systems Group of
Companies, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
176. Gerald D. Fankhauser, AS (Electronic Technology), BS
(Engineering Technology, Franklin University), Chief Electrical
Engineer, The Ohio Valley Coal Company, Alledonia, Ohio, U.S.A.
177. Oscar Fann, College Degree, Media (television), Chief
Meteorologist, WTVY-TV (CBS), Dothan, Alabama, U.S.A.
178. Donald W. Farley, P.Eng, M.Eng. (Water Resources Engineering
& Hydrology), Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
179. Michael Farris, BS (Mechanical Engineering), Mechanical
Integrity of Pressure Equipment, McNeese State University, The
Woodlands, Texas, U.S.A.
180. Julie Fasano, Professor, Anatomy & Physiology and Biology,
Germanna Community College, Fredericksburg, Virginia, U.S.A.
181. Christopher K. Fay, DPhil (Oxford), Information Technology,
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
182. John Ferguson, BSc, PhD. ARCST, DipHE, Ceng, Computer
Control Systems & Mathematical Modelling (retired), Berwick, United
Kingdom
183. Tammy Ferguson, PhD (Microbiology/Immunology), Molecular
Biology, Danville, Virginia, U.S.A.
184. Bob Fernley, HNC Engineering (Mechanical and Production),
Mechanical Engineering, retired, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
185. Eduardo Ferreyra, Founder, Climate Researcher and Web Master -
Argentinean Foundation for a Scientific Ecology, Córdoba, Argentina
186. Karel Ferus, BSc, Market Research, VP Information Technology,
Matrix Research Limited, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
187. Charles Festel, BS, Web Program Manager, US Department of
Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boston,
Massachusetts, U.S.A.
188. David Fieghen, Professional Engineer, Independent Program
Consultant, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
189. Tony Finn, BSc ,PhD, Chemistry Research and Development, CEO
(commercial organization), Sunderland, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom
190. David John Finney, BTech, MRSC, C Chemistry, Food
Technologist & Ice Chemist, Unilever PLC Senior Scientist (retired),
Tauranga, New Zealand
191. Robin Flockton, President SD&G Certified Forest Owners Inc. and
Glengarry Public Affairs Forum, Apple Hill, Ontario, Canada
192. Arthur Lloyd Flood, BSc (Geological Engineering, University of
Saskatchewan), Director and Treasurer, Friends of Science, Director,
Owner CEL (an international private exploration company), Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
193. Charles Folland, BSc, Soil Scientist, Abbotsham, Bideford, Devon,
United Kingdom
194. Gordon Ford, BSc, PEng, Natural Resources, Mining (retired), Salt
Spring Island, Britixh Columbia, Canada
195. John R. Forrelli, B. Eng. (mining engineering, West Virginia
University), Vice President, Engineering, The Ohio Valley Coal
Company, Alledonia, Ohio, U.S.A.
196. Derek Foster, BS, Technical Publications, retired, Nottingham,
United Kingdom
197. Robert Jacomb Foster, BE (Adelaide University),
palaeoclimatologist and energy economist, Director Lavoisier Group;
past Councillor Royal Society of Victoria and Victorian Institute of
Marine Science, Melbourne, Australia
198. Louis Fowler, BS (Mathematics), MA (Physics), 33 years in
environmental measurements (Ambient Air Quality Measurements),
Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
199. Frans Franken, MSc, Mechanical Engineering, Turbines, Energy,
Technical University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
200. Stephen Frazier, PhD (Chemistry), General Chemistry, Technical
Director, TekQuest Industries, Sanford, Florida, U.S.A.
201. Peter Freeburg, BS (Mechanical/Ocean Engineering, graduate
study in turbulence modeling), Project Manager, North Kingstown,
Rhode Island, U.S.A.
202. George Freedman, Doctorate, Dentistry, Professor, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
203. James Freeman, BSc (Operations Research and Computer
Analysis), Pilot, Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A.
204. John A. Freeman, Jr., Medical Doctor, Radiology, Private Practice,
Venice, Florida, U.S.A.
205. Norm Froman, BS (Geology), MS (Geostatics), President –
Geotechnologies Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A.
206. Stan Frost, BSc (Engineering Physics), Radiation & Environmental
Protection, Safety, Former VP, Environment & Safety, Cameco Corp.;
Current chairman - Saskatchewan Radiation Health & Safety Committee,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
207. Gordon Fulks, PhD (Physics, University of Chicago), cosmic
radiation, solar wind, electromagnetic and geophysical phenomena,
Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.
208. Kenton Fuller, BS, M.EngSc (Environmental Engineering),
MRACI (Member The Royal Australian Chemical Institute Inc.),
Chartered Chemist, Chemical Industry Assoc, CEO, retired, Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia
209. Brian Gallagher, Engineer, MBA, Consultant, Pointe Claire,
Québec, Canada
210. Maureen T. Gallagher, PhD, (Geology, Micropaleontology),
Consultant, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
211. Michel Ganivet, PhD, Energy, Vice Président, Société Française
D'énergie Nucléaire, Aix en Provence, France
212. Rigoberto Garcia, MC, Climate Change and Urban Sustainability,
Doctorate Student, El Colegio de México, México City, DF, México
213. Marc Garrett, BS (Electrical Engineering), MBA, Computer
Science, Qualtiy King, Bellport, New York, U.S.A.
214. George Gaskin, BSc (Eng), retired, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
215. Roger F. Gay, MSBE (Master of Science in Bioengineering, Texas
A&M University), Stockholm, Sweden (US citizen)
216. Mr. Keith Gelling, PhD (Physics), Hong Kong, China
217. Lee C. Gerhard, PhD, Senior Scientist Emeritus, University of
Kansas, past director and state geologist, Kansas Geological Survey,
U.S.A.
218. Gerhard Gerlich, Professor, Dr. rer. nat. Dipl.Phys., Mathematical
Physics, Universitätsprofessor a. D., Inst. f. Math. Physik der TU
Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
219. David Ghen, MS/Physics/PSU, Underwater Acoustics, VP/Chief
Scientist (retired), Analysis & Technology/Engineering Technology
Center, Mystic, Connecticut, U.S.A.
220. Emma Gibbs, PhD, Neuroscientist, Director, International Climate
Science Coalition, London, United Kingdom/New Zealand
221. R. Perry Glaister, PhD (Geology, Northwestern University,
Illinois), B.Sc. (Geology), Research Scientist (retired), Esso Resources
Canada Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada
222. Albrecht Glatzle, PhD, ScAgr, Agro-Biologist and Gerente
ejecutivo, Tropical pasture research and land use management, INTTAS,
Asunción, Paraguay
223. Ken Godard, PhD (Chemical Engineer), retired, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
224. Harry Goff, B.Sc. (Hons), MBA, Dip Ag, Grad Dip OSH,
Environmental Manager, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
225. Michael Goguen, Engineering Technology, RF & Fibre Optics
Calibration, Senior Metrologist, Anritsu, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
226. Indur M. Goklany, PhD (Electrical Eng, Michigan State
University), climate policy analyst, Vienna, Virginia, U.S.A.
227. Wayne Goodfellow, PhD (Earth Science), Ocean Evolution,
Paleoenvironments, Adjunct Professor, Senior Research Scientist,
University of Ottawa, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada
228. Elizabeth Goodnough, BS, (Geological Engineering),
Environmental Engineering, Director of Regulatory Affairs, Western
Fuels-Wyoming, Inc., Gillette, Wyoming, U.S.A.
229. Al Gordon, PEng, GR Petrology Consultants Inc, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
230. Matt Gose, Geologist, Energy Exploration, VP Exploration,
Retamco Operating, Red Lodge, Montana, U.S.A.
231. Roger Graves, Ph.D. (Physics), Software development, President,
Davion Systems Ltd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
232. David Gray, PhD (Electrical Engineering, Stanford University),
Electromagnetic Wave Transmission (in Atmosphere, and fiber),
Assistant Professor Engineering, Messiah College, Grantham,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
233. Mark Gray, B.Sc. (University of Waterloo), Information
Technology, President, Ethix Consulting Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada
234. Thomas B. Gray, MS, Meteorology, retired, USAF, Yachats,
Oregon, U.S.A.
235. Wayne Greer, MD, STAEDTLER (NZ) LTD, Auckland, New
Zealand
236. Ken Gregory, P.Eng., BA (Applied Science - Mechanical
Engineering, University of British Columbia), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
237. Brad Griffeth, BS (Atmospheric Science), transportation
forecasting, Grand Forks, North Dakota, U.S.A.
238. George E. Grimshaw, B. Eng. (mining engineering, Pennsylvania
State University), Preparation Engineer, The Ohio Valley Coal Company,
Alledonia, Ohio, U.S.A.
239. Arne W. Gronhaug, Cand. Real (MSc equivalent, University of
Oslo), consulting geologist (retired), Norwegian Road Research
Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
240. Christopher Gross, BA (Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics),
Computer Technology and Meteorology, Data Center Administrator,
West Babylon, New York, U.S.A.
241. Luigi Guarino, MS (Aerospace Engineer), Singapore City,
Singapore
242. Trevor Gunter, BA, BSc, MEd (Information Technology), Grad.
Dip Ed, Education, Network Manager, Denison College, Bathurst, New
South Wales, Australia
243. Amlan Gupta, B. Eng. (Mech), MBA, President, CG2
NanoCoatings Inc., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
244. Alois Haas, PhD, DSc., Professor Emeritus, nuclear chemistry,
University of Zurich, President - Swiss Society Paracelsus, Switzerland
245. Luther Haave, BSc (Physics, University of Alberta), 40 years
working in broadcast engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
246. Magnus Hagelstam, Engineer, IT, Self-employed, Sjundea, Finland
247. Robert Hagerty, PhD (University of California at Berkeley),
Aerospace Engineering and Applied Physics, Reaction Engineering,
Senior Engineering Associate, Major Chemical Company, La Porte,
Texas, U.S.A.
248. Kevin Haidl, BSc. (Chemistry, University of British Columbia),
BA (Philosophy, University of British Columbia), software developer,
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
249. Dave Haisell, BSc, PAg, Education, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada
250. Mark Hall, PhD, Engineer, Senior Mechanical Engineer,
Midlothian, Texas, U.S.A.
251. Matthew M. Hammer, Geophysicist, Corpus Christi, Texas, U.S.A.
252. Charles Hammons, PhD (Applied Mathematics), systems/software
engineering, modeling & simulation, design, Consultant, Coyle,
Oklahoma, U.S.A.
253. Chris Hanning, MD, Sleep Medicine, University of Hospitals of
Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
254. Ted Hanbury, M.Eng., Nuclear Design, retired, Burlington,
Ontario, Canada
255. Alan Hannaford, Chartered Structural Engineer, Institution of
Structural Engineers, Exeter, Devonshire, United Kingdom
256. Douglas Hansen, BS (Geology), MS (Mining Eng.), Global Air
Pollution, retired, Bellevue, Washington, U.S.A.
257. John Harper, BS (Chemical Engineering), Seal Beach, California,
U.S.A.
258. Raymond Harper, C.Eng, M.I.C.E., M.I.H.T., Local Authority,
retired, Swindon, United Kingdom
259. Robert Harrell, BS (Chemical Engineering), Environment Mgr,
retired, GA. Institute of Technology, Brevard, North Carolina, U.S.A.
260. Peter Harris, retired engineer, Eumundi, Queensland, Australia
261. Ted Harris, B Eng. (Civil, McGill University, Montreal), retired,
Ottawa, Canada
262. James Harris, B.Sc. (Electrical Engineering), Video Specialist,
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
263. Ian Hart, Engineer, Lancashire, United Kingdom
264. René Hartman, Bachelor in Electrics/Electronics, ICT, owner
HAC-Maarssen, Maarssen, The Netherlands
265. John Hathway, BS (Chem. Eng.), Oil & Gas, Chief Process
Consultant, Inst. Of Chemical Engineers, Perth, Western Australia,
Australia,
266. Anthony Hawes, BSc (Agriculture), agriculture, Owner/Director
Ag Biotech Australia P/L, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
267. Michael Haylen, BA, Masters (Environmental Studies),
Environmental Earth Science, New South Wales, Australia
268. Ross Hays, Atmospheric Scientist, NASA Columbia Scientific
Balloon Facility, Palestine, Texas, U.S.A.
269. David Heath, Master of Engineering, Consulting, President,
Summerland, British Columbia, Canada
270. D. Hebert, PhD, Faculty for Chemistry and Physics, Institut fur
Angewandte Physik, Freiberg, Germany
271. Wilfried Heck, Dipl. Ingenieur, Elektrotechnik, Darmstadt,
Germany
272. Roy A. Heidelbach, BS (Mining Engineering, West Virginia
University); Assistant Vice President, Operations, The Ohio Valley Coal
Company, Alledonia, Ohio, U.S.A.
273. Werner Heilmann, PhD, Research and Development,
Pharmaceutical Industry, Wuppertal, Germany
274. Allen M. Heinrich, MS (Geology), Consultant, Petrolific
Exploration, Castle Rock, Colorado, U.S.A.
275. Kurt Helin, M.Sc., Engineering, Self-employed, Victoria, British
Columbia, Canada
276. Peter Heller, PhD (Astrophysics), Consultant, Lehrte,
Niedersachsen, Germany,
277. Roger Helmer, BA, MA (Mathematics, Cambridge University),
MEP (British Conservative Member of the European Parliament (sits on
the "Temporary Committee on Climate Change"), Brussels, Belgium
278. Roy Henriksen, BS (Natural Science, University of Minnesota),
Science Teacher (retired), School District 59 Peace River South, Dawson
Creek, British Columbia, Canada
279. Svend-Erik Hendriksen, Nobel Peace Prize recipient 1988,
Greenland Art Review (GLAR), weather observer (Danish
Meteorological Institute (DMI)), Kangerlussuaq, Greenland
280. Thomas Heuse, Geologist, Dr. rer. nat., Regional Geology,
Research Assistant, Geological Survey of Thuringia, Jena/Weimar,
Thuringia, Germany
281. Malcolm Heymer, BS (Civil Engineering), MS (Transportation
Engineering, Leeds University, England), Dereham, Norfolk, England,
United Kingdom
282. David W. Hibbs, BS (Mining Engineering), Master of Mining
Engineering (University of Kentucky), Director, Engineering, Utah
American Energy Inc., Price, Utah, U.S.A.
283. Acle Hicks, BS, MS (Physics, University of California, Los
Angeles), Laser Technology, Engineering Director, Coherent Laser, Inc,
retired, Cupertino, California U.S.A.
284. Hug Hienz, PhD, (Chemistry, University of Mainz, Germany),
former Professor of Organic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry,
Germany
285. Charles Higley, PhD (Biochemistry), Science teacher, Wheeling,
West Virginia, U.S.A.
286. Paul B. Hill, BS (Civil Engineering, University of Illinois);
President and Chief Executive Officer, Utah American Energy, Inc.,
Price, Utah, U.S.A.
287. Dale Hill, MS (Nuclear Chemistry, OSU), Inertial Confinement
Fusion, Scientist V, General Atomics, San Diego, California, U.S.A.
288. Ian Hilliar, MB, BS, General Medicine, GP Sanctuary Point, New
South Wales, Australia
289. Ted Hinds, BS (Engineering Science), MS (Atmospheric Science),
PhD (Physical Ecology, U. Washington, Seattle), Quantitative empirical
analyses regarding climatological, meteorological, and ecological
responses to environmental stresses, consultant for USA EPA research on
global climate change program. Senior Research Scientist, retired, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, U.S.A.
290. Edward L. Hinton, MSE (Master of Science in Engineering),
software, Engineer, Manchester, New Hampshire, U.S.A.
291. Louis Hissink M.Sc. M.A.I.G., Editor, AIG News and Consulting
Geologist, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
292. Mark Hladik, Geophysicist, Consultant, Casper, Wyoming, U.S.A.
293. Jeffrey Hoback, BS (Mechanical Engineering), Information
Technology, Engineer, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
294. James Hofmann, MD, BS (Biology), Anesthesiology, Assistant
Professor, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, U.S.A.
295. Geoffrey Holah, PhD (Physics, University of Reading), (retired),
Formerly solid state physics, infrared physics and measurement of
atmospheric temperature from satellites, (1967 to 1973). Reading
University, Heriot-Watt University, Emory University, Georgia Tech.
Northampton, Northamptonshire, United Kingdom
296. Martin Hoppe, PhD (Chemistry), Fusion Energy Research,
Scientist VII, General Atomics, San Diego, California, U.S.A.
297. Jason Hoskin, BS (Cell and Molecular Biology, University of
Nevada, Las Vegas), MS (Experimental and Molecular Pathology,
University Southern California, Texas Tech University) Lubbock, Texas,
U.S.A.
298. Jonathan House, BSc (Computer Science), Medical IT, Director,
Amirsys, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.
299. Stanley M. Howard, PhD (Metallurgical Engineering (chemical
processing focus)), Professor of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering,
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South
Dakota, U.S.A.
300. Steven Howard, BS (Engineering Science), MS (Electrical
Engineering), business computer systems developer, Burlington,
Massachusetts, U.S.A.
301. Dave Howard, Electronics Engineering, Industrial
Communications, President, Nexus Technologies Group, Spruce Grove,
Alberta, Canada
302. James F. Howard, PhD (Geology), Environmental Consulting
(retired), Owensboro, Kentucky, U.S.A.
303. Bill Howell, Bachelor of Applied Science (Chemical Engineering,
University of Calgary), Master of Applied Science (Chemical
Engineering, University of Ottawa), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
304. Alexander Hrin, Graduate Student (Applied Physics, Colorado
School of Mines), Golden, Colorado, U.S.A.
305. William Hudnall, BS (Civil Engineering), BS (Petroleum
Engineering), Juris Doctor, Attorney, Self Employed, Kansas City,
Missouri, U.S.A.
306. Warwick S. Hughes, MSc Hon. (University of Auckland, New
Zealand), geologist (retired), Canberra, Australia
307. Ole Humlum, PhD, Physical Geography, Professor, University of
Oslo, Norway
308. Paul Huntbourne, BSc (Hons, Geology), IT Modelling, London,
United Kingdom
309. Mark A. Hurt, MD, Creve Coeur, Missouri, U.S.A.
310. Clayton Hunt, BSc (Geography/Geology), retired Oil and Gas
Analytical Laboratory, Breton, Alberta, Canada
311. Paul Huntbourne, BSc (Hon. Geology), IT Modeling, London,
United Kingdom
312. Alan Hunter, RPF (Registered Professional Forester), Quesnel,
British Colombia, Canada
313. John Hunter, FCOptom, Optometrist, Practice Owner, Aerospace,
Senior Engineer, Bombardier, Inc., Leeds, United Kingdom,
314. P. Michael Hutchins, BS (Pure Math), MS (Computer Science,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Carlisle, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
315. Sherwood B. Idso, PhD, President, Center for the Study of Carbon
Dioxide and Global Change, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A.
316. Elizabeth Innes, PhD, Scientist, Senior Chemist, Health Canada,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
317. Steve Hynek, BS (Meteorology), Air Quality, Air Quality Analyst,
Dairyland Power Cooperative, La Crosse, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
318. Colin Jack, BSEE, Director of Engineering, Dixie Escalante REA,
St. George, Utah, U.S.A.
319. Barrie Jackson, Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering,
Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
320. Derryck Jackson, owner, certified green hydro-electric plants (4),
President, Executive House Power Corp., Victoria, British Columbia,
Canada
321. Albert F. Jacobs, MS, P.Geology, retired geologist, co-founder
Friends of Science, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
322. Mark Jancin, BA (Geology), environmental consultant, State
College, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
323. Richard Jaworski, BSc, MSc, DIC, Geology, Consultant, London,
United Kingdom
324. Dennis Jensen, BS (Applied Physics) RMIT, MSc (Melbourne),
PhD (Monash), Physics, Materials Science, Defence Analysis, Previously
Research Scientist (CSIRO and DSTO), Member of Parliament, Perth,
Western Australia, Australia
325. Jorgen Jensen, MS (Civil/Structural), Consulting Engineer,
President, Villholth Jensen & Assoc. Ltd., North Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada
326. Marc Jeric, MS, PhD (University of California, Los Angeles),
Engineering, retired, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.A.
327. David Jezeph, BS, MS, Water Resources, Chief, UN Regional
Commission, retired, Bangkok, Thailand
328. Kendall Johnson, PhD (Physics), Infrared Calibration Engineer,
Space Synamics Laboratory, North Logan, Utah, U.S.A.
329. Rick Johnson, MS (Economics), Government Policy, Senior
Economist, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
330. Simon Johnson, M.Sc., Geologist, Company Director, Auckland,
New Zealand
331. Terrell Johnson, BS (Zoology), MS (Wildlife & Range Resources),
Air & Water Quality, Principal Environmental Engineer, Green River,
Wyoming, U.S.A.
332. Clifford Johnson, MSc, Geology, retired, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
333. Andrew Johnson, B.E.Sc. (Civil), M.Eng. (Structural), MBA,
Consulting Engineering (Structural Engineer), Senior Structural Engineer
& Senior Project Lead, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
334. Marion K. Jones, Consulting Petroleum Geologist, Billings,
Montana, U.S.A.
335. Lloyd Jones, BSc, IT Consulting Practice, West Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada
336. Solans Filella José, Geologist (University of Barcelona),
Barcelona, Spain
337. William Junga, PhD (Economics), Economic Forecasting,
Economist, Bill Junga Economics, Waterbury, Connecticut, U.S.A.
338. Bjorn Justnes, BSc, MSc, Electronic Design, Oslo, Norway
339. Adri Kalisvaart, MSEE (electrical), engineer, car engine pressure
transducer specialist, Lincoln, Rhode Island, U.S.A.
340. Charles R. Kaluger, Chief Engineer and Manager of
Transportation, The Ohio Valley Coal Company, Alledonia, Ohio, U.S.A.
341. Bill Kappel, BS (Physical Science-Geology), BS (Meteorology),
Storm Analysis, Climatology, Operation Forecasting, Vice
President/Senior Meteorologist for Applied Weather Associates, LLC,
University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, U.S.A.
342. Erik Kari, BS (Industrial Technology), Director of Operations,
Ramsey, Minnesota, U.S.A.
343. Wibjörn Karlén, PhD, Emeritus Professor, Department of Physical
Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Stockholm,
Sweden
344. Joel M. Kauffman, PhD (Organic Chemistry, M.I.T.), Professor of
Chemistry Emeritus, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
345. Donald Kautz, PhD (Engineering Safety), MPH, MBA, MS,
Industrial Hygiene Safety Officer, Arizona Department of Health
Services, Phoenix, U.S.A.
346. David Kear, PhD, FRSNZ, CMG, geologist, former Director-
General of NZ Dept. of Scientific & Industrial Research, Whakatane, Bay
of Plenty, New Zealand
347. Harald Kehl, PD Dr. rer. nat., Ecosystem Analysis, Lecturer,
Researcher, Berlin, Germany
348. Ray Kester, BSc (Engineering), Masters (Engineering),
Kincardine, Ontario, Canada
349. Leonid Khilyuk, PhD, Professor of Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
350. Diane Kidd, BSc (Hons, Biochemistry), Pharmaceutical, Minster-
on-Sea, Kent, United Kingdom
351. Jack B. King, EE (University of Detroit), Systems Integrator,
President, King Associates, Irvine, California, U.S.A.
352. Robert E. Kissick, BS (Agronomy, Kansas State University),
retired, Lindsborg, Kansas, U.S.A.
353. Kevin Klimek, BS (Biology, University of Michigan), MD
(University of Michigan), Anesthesiologist, Northville, Michigan, U.S.A.
354. Klaus Knüpffer, Dipl (Meteorology), Meteorologist, weather
forecasting, Company Manager, METEO SERVICE w.r. GmBH, Berllin,
Germany
355. Dietrich E. Koelle, PhD, Systems Engineering Consultant
(Paleoclimate, Climate Cycles), Ottobrunn, Germany
356. Jan J.H. Kop, MSc, Ceng, FICE (Civil Engineer Fellow of the
Institution of Civil Engineers), Emeritus Professor of Sanitary
Engineering, TechnicalUniversity Delft, The Netherlands
357. R.W.J. Kouffeld, PhD, Emeritus Professor - Energy Conversion,
Technical University Delft, Driebergen, The Netherlands
358. James Kramer, MS (Physics, University of Wisconsin), Computer
Software Development Consultant, Nobilo Technology, Albany, Oregon,
U.S.A.
359. Gerhard Kramm, Dr. rer. nat. (Meteorology), Theoretical
Meteorology, Research Faculty, Geophysical Institute, University of
Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A.
360. Wayne Kraus, PhD (Chemical Engineering), Mathematical
Simulation, Kraus Consulting Inc, Littleton, Colorado, U.S.A.
361. Gary Kubat, BS (Atmospheric Science), MS (Atmospheric
Science), professional meteorologist last 18 years, O\'Fallon, Illinois,
U.S.A.
362. Robert P. Kudlawiec, PE, BS (Mining Engineering, Pennsylvania
State University), MBA (Wheeling University), Manager Environmental
Compliance, Ohio American Energy Inc, Wheeling, West Virginia,
U.S.A.
363. Joseph Kunc, PhD, Molecular Physics, Professor, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, U.S.A.
364. James Kurtz, PhD (Inorganic Chemistry, Syracuse University),
Postdoctoral (Chemical Kinetics, Purdue University), Industrial Research
and Development, Idaho Falls, Idaho, U.S.A.
365. Victor Kutcher, BS, MBA, DDS, DPerio, Dentistry, Burlington,
Ontario, Canada
366. Olav M. Kvalheim, Professor, Department of Chemistry, Univ. of
Bergen, Bergen, Norway
367. Cornelis Kwantes, retired mining/petroleum engineer (Technical
University, Delft, The Netherlands), Dordogne, France
368. Nicholas Kydonieus, MS (Chemical Engineering); Chemical
Engineering Research, retired, West Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A.
369. Kathleen R. Lack, Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Barnardsville,
North Carolina, U.S.A.
370. Richard Lafford, AS Met, Pilot, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics,
Rochester, New York, U.S.A.
371. Erwin Lalik, PhD (crystallography), materials science and
heterogeous catalysis, Instutute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry,
Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland
372. Edwin D. Lane, BS (Mechanical Engineering, University of
Missouri at Rolla/Missouri); Vice President, Sales, The American Coal
Sales Company, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A.
373. Roar Larsen, Dr.ing.(PhD), Chief scientist, and adjunct professor,
Chemical Engineering, SINTEF and the Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
374. Rune B. Larsen, PhD (Geology, Geochemistry), Associate
Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),
Trondheim, Norway
375. Geoffery Larsen, BSc, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
376. Ryan Lavelle, BEng (Hons), Financial Services, London, United
Kingdom
377. Carol Law, MS (Geochemistry), International Oil and Gas
Exploration, Manager, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
378. Ross D. Lawrence, BASc (Geological Engineering), P.Eng,
Principal Consultant, Watts, Griffis & McOuat, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
379. Rod Lawry, BSc (Met) RMIT, Process Design & Management,
Project Manager, SDF P/L, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
380. The Rt. Hon. Lord Lawson of Blaby, economist; Chairman of the
Central Europe Trust; former Chancellor of the Exchequer, United
Kingdom
381. James Lea, PhD (Mechanical Engineering), Energy, Consultant,
former head of Petroleum Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock
Texas, U.S.A.
382. Douglas Leahey, PhD, meteorologist and air-quality consultant,
President - Friends of Science, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
383. Lee Morrison, BE (Geol), Geologist and engineer, retired Member
of Parliament, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
384. James Lee, BASc. P.Eng, Oil Industry, retired, Mississauga,
Ontario, Canada
385. Donald Leenknegt, Master of Physics, Bierbeek-Lovenjoel,
Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
386. Daniel A. LePage, BSc (Biology, University of Saskatchewan),
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
387. Peter C. LePort, MD, Fountain Valley, California, U.S.A.
388. Barry E. Lerner, BS, MA, DPM, JD, Rye, New York, U.S.A.
389. Marcel Leroux, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Climatology,
University of Lyon, former director of Laboratory of Climatology, Risks
and Environment, France
390. John Levings, BS (Geology/Geophysics, University of Tasmania),
The Gap, Queensland, Australia
391. John David Lewis, PhD, Research Scholar in History and Classics,
Social Philosophy and Policy center, Bowling Green State University,
Bowling Green, Ohio, U.S.A.
392. Bryan Leyland, M.Sc., FIEE, FIMechE, FIPENZ, MRSNZ,
consulting engineer (power), Secretary - International Climate Science
Coalition, Auckland, New Zealand
393. Tom Lidkea, BASc, MASc, Environmental Engineering, retired,
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
394. Edward Liebsch, MS (Meteorology, Pennsylvania State
University), BA (Earth Science & Chemistry, St. Cloud State University),
Air Quality, Meteorology, Senior Air Quality Scientist, HDR, Inc.,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A.
395. Brian Likewise, BS (Architectural Engineering, WY PE 11068),
Civil Engineer, Gillette, Wyoming, U.S.A.
396. Alan Limmer, PhD (Chemistry), Fellow, New Zealand Institute of
Chemists, Hastings, New Zealand
397. Jeff Limón, MS (Electrical Engineering), Technology, Patent
Agent, Hewlett-Packard, Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A.
398. William Lindqvist, PhD, consulting Geologist and Company
Director, Tiburon, California, U.S.A.
399. George M. Lindsay, BSc, PhD (Metal Physics), Kinross, Scotland
400. Peter Link, BS, MS, PhD (Geology, Climatology),
Geol/Paleoclimatology, retired, Active in Geol-paleoclimatology, Tulsa
University and Industry, Evergreen, Colorado, U.S.A.
401. Endel Lippmaa, Prof.Dr.habil (Physics, Chemistry), Chairman -
Energy Council of the Estonian Academy of Science, Tallinn, Estonia
402. Travis Littlechilds, PhD (Geology), MSc (Environmental
Sciences), Geomorphography, Climate Patterns, The British Columbia
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
403. John Llewellyn, Meteorology, Airport Meteorologist, NOAA NWS
(USWB), retired, Ellensburg, WA, U.S.A.
404. Edward Lockhart, Earth and Biological Scientist, Research and
Consultation, San Luis Obispo, California, U.S.A.
405. Keith Lockitch, PhD (Physics, University of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee), Science and Environmental Policy, Resident Fellow, Ayn
Rand Institute, Irvine, California, U.S.A.
406. William Loughry, BS (Geology), sinkhole investigation, private
engineering firm, Tampa, Florida, U.S.A.
407. Jean Ludovicy, Ingénieur, Airline pilot (retired), Cotignac,
Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, France
408. Eddy Lumpit, Environmental Earth Scientist, New South Wales,
Australia
409. Gary Lund, PhD (Inorganic Chemistry), R&D, Staff Scientist,
Autoliv, North America, Malad City, Idaho, U.S.A.
410. Anthony R. Lupo, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Atmospheric
Science, Department of Soil, Environmental, and Atmospheric Science,
University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
411. Robert Lupone, Electrical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering,
Biomed. Tech., Hospital of St. Raphael, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A.
412. Heinz Lycklama, PhD (Nuclear Physics), Arlington, Washington,
U.S.A.
413. Richard Mackey, PhD, Statistician, author of papers about the role
of the Sun in the Earth's climate dynamics and biographer of Rhodes W.
Fairbridge, Canberra, Australia
414. Alex MacMillan, PhD, Economics, Professor, Queen's School of
Business & St. Lawrence College, retired, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
415. Allan M.R. MacRae, BS, M. Eng., P. Eng., Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
416. Edward J. Mahoney, MS, MEd., Director of Astronomy, Hyatt
Regency Maui, Lahaina, Hawaii, U.S.A.
417. Horst Malberg, PhD, former director of Institute of Meteorology,
Free University of Berlin, Germany
418. Björn Malmgren, PhD, University Professor, Paleoclimate Science,
retired, Lerum, Sweden
419. Emmanuel Malterre, B. Eng., Professional Geophysicist
(APEGGA), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
420. John Marshall, Dip. Geosci (Open), retired, Horncastle,
Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
421. Scott Marshall, BS (Computer Science - University of New South
Wales), Sydney, Australia
422. Vegard Martinsen, Cand. Scient. (MS equivalent), Education,
Senior adviser Institution, Vox City, Oslo, Norway
423. Fred Mathis, BSEE, MSCE, San Jose, California, U.S.A.
424. Shlomo Mayman, S. M. (Nuc. Eng.) M.I.T., Information
Technology, Consultant, Mayman Associates, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
425. Malcolm W. MacArthur, PhD, Csci, Biophysics, Senior Research
Fellow (retired), Carloway, United Kingdom
426. Malcolm McClure, geologist, Fellow of the Geological Society of
London, London, United Kingdom
427. Robert G. McCrossan, PhD, P. Geol. (APEGGA), Petroleum
Geologist, Member of FOS, Cochrane, Alberta, Canada
428. Joshua, McCurry, BEng, Embedded Systems, Digital Technology
International, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
429. Jim McGregor-Dawson, Fellow of RMIT (Geology), Consultant
Geologist, FAusIMM (CP), FSEG, FAAG, MSME, MGSAust,
MGSAmer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
430. Les McDonald, RP Bio; Senior Impact Assessment Biologist, BC
Environmental Protection (retired); Consulting Aquatic Biologist,
Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada
431. David McEwen, BS E.E., Electronic Service, R.D.O., V.B.
Electronics, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
432. Alister McFarquhar, PhD (international economy, Downing
College), Cambridge, United Kingdom
433. Bob McGuire, BA, MSc (University of Montana); retired
professional geologist, member of Friends of Science, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
434. John McLean, Post-graduate Diploma of Computer Studies, B.
Arch., Climate Data Analyst, Computer scientist, Melbourne, Australia
435. Donald McMaster, B. Eng. (Electrical), specializing in Electrical
Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical Power and Energy Systems,
Patents, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
436. Stephen McNicholas, B.Eng, Manufacturing, Engineer, Dublin,
Ireland
437. Leslie McPherson, BSc Chemistry, Retired, Fleet, United Kingdom
438. Ian L McQueen, BS, MEngSc, Chemical Engineer, Glenwood,
New Brunswick, Canada
439. Rob Meleon, PhD, biochemist, CSO Pepscan, Lelystad, The
Netherlands
440. Eberhard Menzel, PhD, Professor of Electronics and Sensors,
Electronics, Gas Sensors, Spectroscopy, Rector, University of Applied
Sciences and Arts Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
441. Fred Michel, PhD, Director, Institute of Environmental Sciences,
Associate Professor of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada
442. Jean-Luc Migue, PhD (Economics), Economic Research, Senior
Fellow, Fraser Institute, Québec, Quebec, Canada
443. Andrew Miklosik, P.Eng., BSc (Mechanical Engineering,
University of Toronto), (retired), Member, Friends of Science, Oshawa,
Ontario, Canada
444. Dusan Milatovic, BS; Senior Software Engineer, Navigation
Systems, Offshore Systems Ltd., Burnaby, British Colombia, Canada
445. David Miller, MS (Geology), Syracuse University, Syracuse, New
York, U.S.A.
446. Frank Milne, PhD, Professor, Dept. of Economics, Queen's
University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
447. Barun S. Mitra, engineering degrees: B.Tech. and PG Diploma,
Director, Liberty Institute, focuses on public policy research, advocacy
and awareness, New Delhi, India
448. Asmunn Moene, PhD, MSc (Meteorology), former head of the
Forecasting Centre, Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
449. H. Michael "Mike" Mogil, Certified Consulting Meteorologist
(three decades with NOAA), weather educator and science writer, How
the Weatherworks, Naples, Florida, U.S.A.
450. Gregory B. Mohl, PhD, Geologist, G.B. Mohl Oil and Gas Inc.,
Red Lodge, Montana 59068
451. Michael Monce, PhD (Physics), Atomic/Molecular; energy and
environment, Prof. Physics, Connecticut College, New London,
Connecticut, U.S.A.
452. Des Moore, LLB (Melbourne University), BSc (Economics
(Hons), London School of Economics), Director - Institute for Private
Enterprise, life member of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute,
former Deputy Secretary, Treasury, Government of Australia, Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia
453. M. R. Morgan, PhD, Cdr., FRMS, climate consultant, former
meteorology advisor to the World Meteorological Organization.
Previously research scientist in climatology at University of Exeter, U.K,
now residing in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
454. Tom Moriarty, MS (Physics), Renewable Energy - Photovoltaics,
Senior Scientist, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden,
Colorado, U.S.A.
455. Mark E. Mormino, BS (Mining Engineering, University of
Missouri), Chief Engineer, The American Coal Company, Galatia,
Illinois, U.S.A.
456. Nils-Axel Mörner, PhD (Sea Level Changes and Climate),
Emeritus Professor of Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics, Stockholm
University, Stockholm, Sweden
457. Daryl Morse, B.A.Sc. (Electrical Engineering), P.Eng. Coquitlam,
British Columbia, Canada
458. Luboš Motl, PhD, Physicist, former Harvard string theorist,
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
459. Philip Moy, AB (Engineering Sciences, Dartmouth College), BE
(Thayer School of Engineering), JD, Intellectual Property Attorney,
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
460. R. John Muench, MS (Chemistry), Associate Professor, Heartland
Community College, Normal, Illinois, U.S.A.
461. Ralph Mullinger, BA (Economics and Philosophy, Rice
University), MA (Business Economics, Wharton School, University of
Pennsylvania), Energy Economist, Findlay, Ohio, U.S.A.
462. Gregory Murphy, Graduate of the US Naval Nuclear Power
Program, Independent Researcher and Assistant Editor of 21st Century
Science and Technology Magazine, Leesburg, Virginia, U.S.A.
463. Jonathan R. Murray, BS (Geology, West Virginia University),
Senior Geologist, The Ohio Valley Coal Company, Alledonia, Ohio,
U.S.A.
464. Robert E. Murray, PE, B. Eng. (mining engineering, West Virginia
University), AMP (Harvard University); Chairman, President and Chief
Executive Officer, Murray Energy Corporation and Subsidiary
Companies, Pepper Pike, Ohio, U.S.A.
465. Robert Edward Murray, B Eng. (mining engineering, West
Virginia University), MBA (Ohio State University), Vice President,
Business Development and External Affairs, Murray Energy Corporation
and Subsidiary Companies, Pepper Pike, Ohio, U.S.A.
466. Ryan M. Murray, B Eng. (mining engineering, West Virginia
University), MBA (Ohio State University); Vice President, Operations,
Murray Energy Corporation and Subsidiary Companies, Alledonia, Ohio,
U.S.A.
467. Warren Nance, MS (Genetics), retired Geneticist, USDA, Gulfport,
Mississippi, U.S.A.
468. Robert Neff, MS (Meteorology, St Louis University), Weather
Officer, USAF, Contractor support to NASA Meteorology Satellites,
retired, Camp Springs, Maryland, U.S.A.
469. Thomas Nelson, MSc (Electrical and Electronics Engineering),
North Oaks, Minnesota, U.S.A.
470. John Nicol, BSc (University of Queensland), PhD (James Cook
University); Chairman, Australia Chapter of the ICSC, Radio Physics and
High Resolution Optical Spectroscopy, former Senior Lecturer of Physics
at James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; now residing in
Brisbane, Australia
471. Joanne Nova, BSc (Hons, Microbiology, University of Western
Australia), Grad Cer. (Sci Comm, Australian National University,
Canberra, Australia), Director, ScienceSpeak, Science presenter on TV,
radio, and professional conference keynote speaker, Perth, Western
Australia, Australia
472. David Nowell, M.Sc., Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society,
former chairman of the NATO Meteorological Group, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada
473. Lon O'Bannon III, BS (Geology, University of Missouri), Natural
Resourses, Computer Information, Missouri State Department of Natural
Resourses, Jefferson City, Missouri, U.S.A.
474. Frank O'Callaghan, Bachelor of Engineering, retired, Port
McNicoll, Ontario, Canada
475. Steven James O'Connor, BSc (Geology), C Geol., FGS,
professional stratigrapher, Wellington, New Zealand
476. Peter Oliver, BS, MS, PhD, FGA, Geology, Geochemistry,
Paleomagnetism, Research Scientist, retired, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
477. Cliff Ollier, PhD, Professor Emeritus (Geology), Research Fellow,
University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
478. Peter Olson, Professional Engineer, Langley, British, Canada
479. Girma Orssengo, BTech, MASc, PhD, Engineering, Perth, Western
Australia, Australia
480. Curtis Osgood, BS (Meteorology, Lyndon State College),
Consulting Meteorologist, Forecaster/Consultant, Granby, Massachusetts,
U.S.A.
481. Jorgen Overgaard, MSc (Forestry), Forest Management (retired),
Brunbury, Western Australia, Australia
482. Robert Overland, B.A.Sc., Professional Engineer, Principal,
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
483. Milton Page, BE (Civil), P Eng, retired, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada
484. Pat Palmer, MAgrSc (agronomy), pollution control expert (sources
and effects on health), retired from Crop Research Division, DSIR,
Christchurch, New Zealand
485. Pan Pantziarka, BEng (Hon), PhD, Mathematical modelling and
software development, London, United Kingdom
486. George Papadakis, BSc (Physics), MBA, MSc (Marketing),
Business Executive, Athens, Greece
487. Ron Parker, BA (Physics, University of North Carolina), Flat
Rock, North Carolina, U.S.A.
488. Donald Parkes, PhD, BA (Hons), MA, retired Professor Human
Ecology, Australia and Japan
489. Benjamin Paterson, BS, Chemical Engineering (Northwestern
University), Professional Engineer, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A.
490. Arthur M. Patterson, BASc, P. Eng. (Geological Engineer), a
founder of Friends of Science, Calgary, Canada
491. John Pawley, Master Applied Science, Professional Engineer,
retired, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
492. Simon Peacock, BSc (Hons), MSc, PhD, Air Pollution, Newcastle
University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
493. Richard Pearson, MSCE, Engineering Consulting, Vice President,
Private Company, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.
494. James A. Peden, Atmospheric Physicist, Webmaster, Middlebury
Networks, Vermont, U.S.A.
495. Al Pekarek, PhD, Associate Professor of Geology, Earth and
Atmospheric Sciences Dept., St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud,
Minnesota, U.S.A
496. Paul Pekarek, MS Aerospace Science, BS Geography, Certificate
International Relations, Major (USAF, Retired), Minnesota U.S.A.
497. Ray Perkins, BSc (Applied Chemistry), Analytical Instrumentation,
Cambridge, United Kingdom
498. Mark Peters, BS (Computer Science), Principal Software Engineer,
Woodland Hills, California, U.S.A.
499. Ralph Peters, Nuclear engineering, (General Atomics, retired), La
Jolla, California, U.S.A.
500. Adam Peterson, BS (Mechanical Engineering, University of
Wisconsin-Platteville), Design Project Engineer, ITW Engineered
Fasteners, Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
501. Beverley J. Pfeffer, B.Eng., (Geology), P.Geol, (professional
geologist), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
502. Patrick Phillips, Metallurgical Engineer, MBA (Finance), Minerals
& Energy, Golden, Colorado, U.S.A.
503. Stanley T. Piasecki, BS (Electrical Engineering, Southern Illinois
University), Vice President, Operations, OhioAmerican Energy, Inc.,
Wheeling, West Virginia, U.S.A.
504. Stanley Pietrewicz, BSME, BSMa, MSCSE, engineering and
teaching, MGP, Scotsdale, Arizona, U.S.A.
505. Michael Pizolato, BSc (Computer Science), Information
Technology, Allentown, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
506. Ian Plimer, PhD, Professor of Mining Geology, The University of
Adelaide; Emeritus Professor of Earth Sciences, The University of
Melbourne, Australia
507. Randy Pochel, geologist (independent), Huntsville, Alabama,
U.S.A.
508. Andy Pollaehne, MS (Geosciences), science teacher, Huntington,
Utah, U.S.A.
509. Gerrit Jan Pompe, BSc (Electronics), RN (Registered Nurse),
Macquarrie Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
510. Henry Popoff, BS (Civil Engineering), retired, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
511. Michael Porter, Professional Engineer, Principal Consultant, Porter
McGuffie, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A.
512. Daniel Joseph Pounder, BS (Meteorology, University of
Oklahoma), MS (Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois in Urbana-
Champaign); Weather Forecasting, Meteorologist, WILL AM/FM/TV,
the public broadcasting station of the University of Illinois, Urbana,
U.S.A.
513. Patrick Powell, BS (Meteorology/Physical Geography, Western
Illinois University), AMS Board of Broadcast Meteorology, CBM, Chief
Meteorologist, WLUK-TV, Green Bay, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
514. John D. Power, BA (Mechanical Engineering), Consulting
Engineer, Longview, Washington, U.S.A.
515. Phil Powers, Power Engineering Degree, Mechanical Engineering,
Start-up engineer, Bechtel Corp, Rockdale, Texas, U.S.A.
516. Brian Pratt, PhD, Professor of Geology (Sedimentology),
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
517. Harry N.A. Priem, PhD, Professor (retired) Utrecht University,
isotope and planetary geology, Past-President Royal Netherlands Society
of Geology and Mining, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
518. Terry Quigley, Master of Information Systems (MIS, Swinburne
University), ICT Consultant, Program Management Office, ICT
Applications Development and Services Organisation, Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia
519. R. Quon, BS (Biochemistry), Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
520. Edward L. Rademacher, Jr, MSc (Engineering Science),
Professional Engineer / Chemical Engineer, removal of pollutants from
combustion offgas, Centennial, Colorado, U.S.A.
521. Harold H. Ramsey, ME (Stevens Institute of Technology),
Guilford, Connecticut, U.S.A.
522. Don Rathgeber, PhD (Chemical Engineering), retired, Red Deer,
Alberta, Canada
523. Mike Rea, BS, Medicine, Chairman, IDEA Group, Cranfield, Beds,
United Kingdom
524. Jennifer Reeves, MBA, Engineer, Student of Climate Issues,
Telecommunications, Network Engineer II, Embarq Corp., Mansfield,
Ohio, U.S.A.
525. George A. Reilly, PhD (Geology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor), Economic Geology, Geochemistry, retired, Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada
526. Steven Reilly, BScF, MBA, Energy Industry, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
527. George Reinhart III, PhD, PE (Environmental Engineering), Civil
and Environmental Engineering, Project Engineer, Consulting Firm,
Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A.
528. Henriques Renato, PhD, Geology, Auxiliary Professor, University
of Minho, Braga, Braga, Portugal
529. Robert Reynolds, BASc (Engineering), Computer Business,
Operations Manager, Oakville, Ontario, Canada
530. Max Rheese, Executive Director, Australian Environment
Foundation, Canberra, Australia
531. Richard Rhodes, BS (Horticulture), Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A.
532. Carl G. Ribbing, PhD, Department of Engineering Sciences,
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
533. Robert (Bob) Richardson, BSc (Physics, Maths - Sydney
University), BE (Civil), Newport, New South Wales, Australia
534. Rolf Riehm, Dipl.-Ing (natural science and mechanical
engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany), retired,
Hettenleidelheim, Germany
535. Jack Riley, MEng, Communications, Victoria, British Columbia,
Canada
536. Christine Roberts, BS (Materials Engineering, Virginia Tech),
MBA (University of Chicago Graduate School of Business), Brisbane,
Australia
537. J.A.L. Robertson, B.A., M.A. (Nat.Sci./Physics), F.R.S.C., nuclear-
energy consultant, 2005 Education & Communication Award, Canadian
Nuclear Society/Canadian Nuclear Association, Deep River, Ontario,
Canada
538. Richard B. Robertson, P. Eng., B. Sc., C.E., Comox, British
Columbia, Canada
539. Jacques Robin, PhD, Computer Science Professor, Universidade
Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
540. Art Robinson, PhD (Chemistry), founder and Professor of
Chemistry, Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine, Cave Junction,
Oregon, U.S.A.
541. Robert Robinson, BS (Mechanical Engineering), Manufacturing,
CEO/Founder, Kaivac Inc, Hamilton, Ohio, U.S.A.
542. J.T. Rogers, PhD, FCAE, F.C.S.M.E., P.Eng., nuclear engineer,
energy analyst, Adjunct Research Professor and Professor Emeritus,
Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
543. Steven Rogers, BA (Physics), Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
544. Robert G. Roper, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Atmospheric
Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.
545. Arthur Rorsch, PhD, Emeritus Professor, Molecular Genetics,
Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
546. Curt Rose, BA, MA (University of Western Ontario), MA, PhD
(Clark University), Professor Emeritus, Department of Environmental
Studies and Geography, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Quebec,
Canada
547. Robert Roseman, Meteorology & Climatology, TV Meteorologist,
Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.
548. William Rosenfeld, DDS, periodontist (retired), Charleston, West
Virginia, U.S.A.
549. Kenn Rosin, BS (C.E.), MS, P.Eng., Transportation Engineering,
Manager of Transportation, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
550. Gabriel Roth, M.A., B.Sc.(Eng.), M.I.C.E., M.C.I.T., Research
Fellow of the Independent Institute, Civil Engineer and Transport
Economist, Chevy Chase, Maryland, U.S.A.
551. Roy Roth, PhD (Chemistry), MIT, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,
U.S.A.
552. David Rouse, MA Law Cantab, Climate analysis and lecturing,
Eco-nomics Nordic, Copenhagen, Denmark
553. Walden Roush, MS (Physics), Senior Engineer (retired), IBM,
formerly flight and ground school instructor (including weather), East
Fishkill, New York, U.S.A.
554. Ken Ruckstuhl, BS (Geology, LSU), Environmental Consulting,
Environmental Management Services, Inc, Brandon, Mississippi, U.S.A.
555. Kenneth Rundt, PhD, Bio-Technology, Manager, Turku, Finland
556. Herbert Runkle, BA (Petroleum Engineering, Ohio State U), Civil
Engineering, Environmental Science, Division Leader, US Gov.,
Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.
557. Gerry Runolfson, BSC., Chairman, Elkon Products Inc., Concrete
Construction, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
558. Michael Ryan, MSc, Computer Science, Redmond, Washington,
U.S.A.
559. Robert Sabo, MD, Nephrology, Med Director McMinnville
Dialysis, NRA McMinnville, McMinnville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
560. Robert W. Sandidge, BS (Electrical Engineering, Western
Kentucky University), President and General Manager, KenAmerican
Resources, Inc., Central City, Kentucky, U.S.A.
561. Paul Sandor, BASc, MD, Neuropsychiatry, Associate Professor,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
562. Bamunuarachchi Saranapala, BSc (Engineering), Management
Consultant, Sole Trader, Pinner, Middlesex, United Kingdom
563. Stephen Savoie, BS (Geology) Petroleum Geology, Senior
Geologist, Traverse City, Michigan, U.S.A.
564. Richard Sawyer, BS, Engineering Consultant, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
565. Rob Scagel, MSc (forest microclimate specialist), Principal
Consultant - Pacific Phytometric Consultants, Surrey, British Columbia,
Canada
566. Carl Schaftenaar, BA (Geology, Hope College), MS (Geophysics,
Texas A&M University), Great Basin Exploration Consultants Inc.,
Lakewood, Colorado, U.S.A.
567. Clive Schaupmeyer, M.Sc., P.Ag. , Coaldale, Alberta, Canada
568. Tore Scherstén, MD, PhD, Professor of Surgery, University of
Gothenburg, member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences and
previous Secretary General of the Swedish Medical Research Council,
Gothenburg, Sweden
569. Eric Schmidt, PhD (Materials Science and Engineering),
Steelmaking, Energy Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
570. Chris Schoneveld, MSc (Structural Geology), PhD (Geology),
retired exploration geologist and geophysicist, Australia and France
571. Bruce Schwoegler, BS (Meteorology and Naval Science,
University of Wisconsin-Madison), Chief Technology Officer, MySky
Communications Inc, meteorologist, science writer and principal/co-
founder of MySky, Lakeville, Massachusetts, U.S.A. .
572. David Scott, BSc, PGCE, DMS, MIET, Management Consultant
(retired), The Institution of Engineering and Technology, Lymington,
Hampshire, United Kingdom
573. Ken Scott, BS (Computer Science), Engineering, HighPoint, North
Carolina, U.S.A.
574. Angus Scott-Fleming, AB (Geology), MS (Geophysics), MBA,
Computer Science, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A.
575. Malcolm Sedgman, Bachelor of Dental Science (Melbourne),
General Dentistry (retired), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
576. Tom V. Segalstad, PhD (Geology/Geochemistry), Head of the
Geological Museum and Associate Professor of Resource and
Environmental Geology, University of Oslo, Norway
577. Milos Setek, Meteorologist/Statistician, Senior Scientist, Bureau of
Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia
578. K. Seunarine, BEng, PhD, Biophotonics, Post Doc, University of
Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
579. John Shade, BS (Physics), MS (Atmospheric Physics), MS
(Applied Statistics), Industrial Statistics Consultant, GDP, Dunfermline,
United Kingdom
580. Gary Sharp, PhD, Scientific Director, Center for Climate/Ocean
Resources Study, Salinas, California, U.S.A.
581. Thomas P. Sheahen, PhD (physics, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology), specialist in energy sciences, notably renewable energy,
Oakland, Maryland, U.S.A.
582. Vedat Shehu, Prof. Dr. Eng., Geologist, Engineering Geology,
Tectonics, Geoingineering, Sharon, Massachusetts, U.S.A. and Professor
"Geoingineering Research Unit" in Tirana, Albania
583. Wayne Shepheard, M.Sc., Petroleum Geology, Independent
Consultant, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
584. Richard F. Shepherd, ARCS (Mathematics), PhD, DIC (high
energy physics), FIMA (numerical analysis), FBCS (director of
computing centre, retired), Pembroke, United Kingdom
585. Geoff Shorten, BS, Laboratory Information, Director, LabWare,
Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
586. Larry Shultis, BS (Chemistry, Mathematics), Number Theory,
retired, Fontana, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
587. Russell W. Shurts, BSc (Engineering Chemistry), MSc
(Accounting, University of Colorado), CFO, Colorado Container
Corporation (Denver, Colorado), Centennial, Colorado, U.S.A.
588. Paavo Siitam, M.Sc., agronomist and chemist, Cobourg, Ontario,
Canada
589. Joseph Silverman, Fellow APS, ANS, Professor Emeritus of
Nuclear Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Dept., University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, U.S.A.
590. David Simpson, BS, Mineral Exploration, retired, Sydney, New
South Wales, Australia
591. Ronald Skoog, BSCS, MSSE, Computer Science, Santa Rosa,
California, U.S.A.
592. Andrew Smith, BSc (Geology, University of Wisconsin-Madison),
Duncanville, Texas, U.S.A.
593. Derek Smith, PhD, former Professor, Engineering Faculty of
Queen Mary College, London University, Great Malvern, United
Kingdom
594. L. Graham Smith, PhD, Associate Professor in Geography,
specialising in Resource Management, University of Western Ontario,
London, Ontario, Canada.
595. William F. Smyth, Ph.D., Computer Science, Emeritus Professor,
McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
596. Kevin Snodgrass, BS, Mathematics, Physics, Computer Science,
Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A.
597. Jan-Erik Solheim, Professor of Astrophysics, Institute of
Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
598. Henry Solomon, BA (Computer Science), retired Network
Architect, Merrill Lynch, New York, New York, U.S.A.
599. Raymond John Soper, BSc (Mineral Technology, Otago
University), MBA (University of New South Wales), mining engineer
(retired), Cammerary, New South Wales, Australia
600. Oleg G. Sorokhtin, PhD, Director of Ocean Laboratory, Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
601. Richard Sparks, BS Wildlife Management, MBA, Tree Farmer,
Construction Administration, Claims Analyst, Foster, Rhode Island,
U.S.A.
602. Archie Speirs, BSc (Engineering), Power Generation, Co-director,
Energy Institute, Riding Mill, Northumberland, United Kingdom
603. Adam Spong, BSc (Biology), BA (Chemistry), Graduate Student
Department of Pharmacology (Southern Illinois University School of
Medicine), Springfield, Illinois, U.S.A.
604. T. J. ("Jim") Sprott, PhD, OBE, MSc, FNZIC, consulting chemist,
forensic scientist, Auckland, New Zealand
605. Darrick Stallings, PE (Petroleum Engineering), Artesia, New
Mexico, U.S.A.
606. Mark Stansell, BSEET (DeVry Institute of Technology, Columbus,
Ohio), MSEE (Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California),
Professional Pilot, LCDR USN (ret), Apex, North Carolina, U.S.A.
607. Walter Starck, PhD (marine science), marine biologist
(specialization in coral reefs and fisheries with 1000 dives from northern
Cape York to the Capricorn group), author, photographer, Townsville,
Australia
608. Glen Stedham, BSc; LLB, Lawyer, retired, Coquitlam, British
Columbia, Canada
609. Gerhard Stehlik, Dr.rer.nat. Chemist, Industry, Senior Expert,
Hanau, Germany
610. Peter Stella, BS (Mechnical Engineering, University of
Massachusett Lowell), Critical Facilties Power Systems, General Electric,
Lytle Creek , California, U.S.A.
611. Clive Stevens, BS, MSc, D.I.C. FR Meteorogical Society, Weather
Forecasting (since 1971), Private Companies around the world, Baku,
Azerbaijan
612. Craig Stevens, BA (Biology), MD, Physician, Salt Lake City, Utah,
U.S.A.
613. Roger Stevens, BA (Physics), Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
614. William Dale Stevens, BA, MSc. (Neuroscience), PhD
(Neuropsychology, University of Toronto); Postdoctoral Research Fellow
(Neuroscience, Harvard University), Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
615. Peter Stilbs, TeknD, Professor of Physical Chemistry, Research
Leader, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH (Royal
Institute of Technology), Stockholm, Sweden
616. Robert Stringer, Dip Metallurgy BSC, Research, retired, CSIRO,
Yungaburra, Queensland, Australia
617. Arlin Super, PhD (Meteorology), Weather Modification, retired
Research Meteorologist, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Saint Cloud,
Minnesota, U.S.A.
618. John K. Sutherland, PhD (Geology), retired, Health Physicist,
Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
619. Frank Szabo, M.Sc. (Earth Science), Geologist, President, CKS
Energy Ltd, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
620. Judy Szikora, MSc Computer Science, Software Development,
President, Apprisant Technologies Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada
621. Joseph Tamashasky, BSEE, MSEE; Engineer (retired), Lucent
Technology, New Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
622. Jose Luis Tapia, economist, Instituto de Libre Empresa (ILE),
Lima, Peru
623. Daryl L Taylor, BS (Physics), M. Ed (Instructional Technology),
Science Teacher (Physics), Greenwich High School, NASA Astrophysics
Educator Ambassador, PAEMST '96, IEOTY '03, Greenwich High
School, Naugatuck, Connecticut, U.S.A.
624. Gordon Taylor, PhD (Eng), BSc (Hons Eng), Transportation,
Institute Civil Engineers, Institute Mechanical Engineers, Institute
Engineering and Technology, London, United Kingdom
625. Larry Taylor, PhD (Chemistry), West Chester, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A.
626. Malcolm Taylor, Dip ES (Climatology and Hydrology
specialization), Power Systems Analyst, Otago, New Zealand
627. Mike W. Taylor, PE (Registered Professional Engineer, Texas,
U.S.A.), Principal and Petroleum Engineer, Lone Star Land & Energy,
LLC, Highland Village, Texas, U.S.A.
628. Dean Teja, Degrees in Engineering and Finance, Finance/Taxation,
Senior Manager, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
629. Dick Thoenes, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering,
Eindhoven University of Technology, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
630. Paul Thomas, MASc (Electrical, Mechanical), Aerospace/Fuels
Conservation, General Manager, North Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
631. Mr. Alexander Thompson, Honours BSc (Geology), Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada
632. Jeremy Thornton, BE (Mech.) – MIPENZ – CPEng – IntPE,
Engineering Director, Auckland, New Zealand
633. Wolfgang Thüne, PhD, Dipl.-Met., Senior Meteorologist and
Sociologist, Oppenheim, Germany
634. Melinda Tilley, FGA GG, County Councillor, Cabinet Member,
Oxford County Council, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
635. Derek Tipp, Councillor, serves on the District Council
Environment Review Panel, New Forest, Honours degree in applied
chemistry, previously a research chemist and teacher, Hampshire,
Southampton, United Kingdom
636. Frank Tipler, Professor of Mathematical Physics, Astrophysics,
Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A.
637. Greg Toomey, BS, Business Intelligence, Computer Consultant,
Skura Corporation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
638. Göran Tullberg, Civilingenjör i Kemi (equivalent to Masters of
Chemical Engineering), currently teacher of Environmental Protection
Engineering and Organic Chemistry at University in Växjö; Falsterbo,
Sweden
639. James R. Turner, BS (Mining Engineering/Geology, West Virginia
University), BS (Computer Engineering), Executive MBA; Director,
Financial Services and Information Technology, Murray Energy
Corporation and Subsidiary Companies, Powhatan Point, Ohio, U.S.A.
640. Stu Turner, PhD (Engineering), BS (Physics), Human Space Flight,
Senior Systems Engineer, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.
641. Albert Tuttle, Research Scientist, Re-entry Physics, Team Leader,
AVCO Everette Research Lab, retired, Everett, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
642. Paula Tyroler, PhD (Chemical Eng), Metallurgy, retired,
Waubaushene, Ontario, Canada
643. Richard Ulven, BS (Agricultural Science), Hawley, Minnesota,
U.S.A.
644. Erwin Unger, BSc (Geology/Geophysics), 35 years Professional
Geophysicist, Carseland, Alberta, Canada
645. Brian G. Valentine, PhD, PE (Chem.), Technology Manager -
Industrial Energy Efficiency, Adjunct Associate Professor of Engineering
Science, University of Maryland at College Park, Dept. of Energy,
Washington D.C., U.S.A.
646. Glenn C. Van Bever, Esq., BS (Civil Engineering, University of
Kentucky), BS (Mining Engineering, University of Kentucky), Doctorate
of Juris (University of Kentucky), General Counsel, Murray Energy
Corporation and Subsidiary Companies, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A.
647. Gerrit J. van der Lingen, PhD, geologist and paleoclimatologist,
climate change consultant, Geoscience Research and Investigations,
Christchurch, New Zealand
648. Derick van Heerden, DPhil, IT consultant, Cape Town, South
Africa
649. Roderick W. Van Koughnet, BS (Geology), MS (Geology
(Geophysics), Wright State University), Senior Geoscientist, L&M
Petroleum, Wellington, New Zealand
650. John Van Krimpen, BApp Sci Mathematics (Stats Econometrics
and Comp Sci, Queensland University of Technology), Australia.
651. J.P. van Wolfswinkel, ir. (Mechanical Engineering, Delft
University), Bennebroek, The Netherlands
652. Tony van Wouw, B.Sc. P.Eng. (Electrical Engineering), President,
Exotek Systems, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
653. Brigitte VanVliet-Lanoe, State Doctorate, Europe, Senior Scientist,
CNRS, Plouzane, France
654. Anna Vayaki, PhD (Physics, University of Ioannina, Greece),
Director of Research (retired) High Energy Physics, Nuclear Physics
Institute, National Research Center Demokritos, Attiki, Greece, now
residing in Athens, Greece
655. Joseph Velasquez, Environmental Remediation/Regulatory
Compliance, Environmental Scientist, Accelerated Waste Solutions,
Rigby, Idaho, US.A.
656. Hans Verbeek, BA (Biology), Delft, The Netherlands
657. Jack Verduyn, general BA in Science, "40 year student of climate
and weather as a commercial pilot", RCAF and Air Canada, Milton,
Ontario, Canada
658. Gösta Walin, Professor, i oceanografi, Earth Science Center,
Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
659. Gary Walker, BSc (Honors Geology), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
660. Len Walker, BE, PhD (Cantab), Civil Engineer, civil engineer,
Melbourne, Australia
661. Patricia Walker, BSc Ag, High River, Alberta, Canada
662. Sergio Wanderley, Computer Science Bacharel, IT, Support
Analyst, Unochapeco, Chapeco, SC, Brazil
663. Stori Wann, BSc, Electrical Engineer, Texas A&M University,
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A.
664. Stephen Ward, BS (Elec. Eng.), Building Environments, Business
Development, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
665. Peter Warlow, BA (Hon. Math and Physics), retired, Brentwood,
Essex, United Kingdom
666. Randy Washburn, BS (Physics, University of Texas),
Microelectronic Information Tech, Senior IT Specialist, Arlington, Texas,
U.S.A.
667. David P. Washinsky, BS (Mining Engineering, Pennsylvania State
University), Honors Degree (Mineral Economics, Rand Afrikaans
University), Business Development and Project Engineer, The Ohio
Valley Coal Company, Alledonia, Ohio, U.S.A.
668. Neil Waterhouse, PhD (Physics, Thermal, Electronic Properties of
Materials, Precise Temperature Measurement), retired, National research
Council, Bell Northern Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
669. James Waters, BS (Electrical Engineering), Liquid
chromotography, Founder - Waters Corp, Framingham, Massachusetts,
U.S.A.
670. Thorpe Watson, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., Metallurgical Engineer,
retired, Teck Cominco, Trail, British Columbia, Canada
671. Tom Watts, B.Sc., MBA, P. Eng, retired, Caledon, Ontario, Canada
672. David Weatherell, BS (Computer Engineering), MS (Electrical
Engineering), senior software engineer, Rochester, New York, U.S.A.
673. Bob Webster, BS (Mathematics), Systems Analysis & Modeling,
retired, Vero Beach, Florida, U.S.A.
674. Jack Wedel, BS (Geography), Arctic Hydrology, retired,
Environment Canada, Keewatin, Ontario, Canada
675. James Weeg, BS (Geology), MS (Env. Science), Professional
Geologist, Hydrologist, Associate Professor, Environmental Geology,
Geologist Advent Environmental Inc., Mount Pleasant, South Carolina,
U.S.A.
676. Mark Weingarth, BVSc, Veterinary Surgeon and IT consultant,
Shellharbour, New South Wales, Australia
677. Rich Weiss, BSc (Meteorology, Valparaiso University),
Meteorologist, Supervisor of Meteorology, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
678. Garth Wenck, BE, BEcon. BA, Civil Engineering, CEO, Brisbane,
Queensland, Australia
679. Eric Westphal, PhD (Physics, California Institute of Technology),
Finance, Portfolio Manager Institution, Koch Industries, Houston, Texas,
U.S.A.
680. Forese-Carlo Wezel, Professor of Stratigraphy (global and
Mediterranean geology, mass biotic extinctions and paleoclimatology),
University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
681. William Whitney, PEng (Mechanical Engineering), St. Albert,
Alberta, Canada
682. King Wiemann, AB (Physics), MS (The Pennsylvania State
University, Acoustics), Finance, Manager of ICE, BAE Systems Inc,
Vestal, New York, U.S.A.
683. Otto H. Wildgruber, Engineer (electrical), Dormitz, Bavaria,
Germany
684. Chris Wilkins, BS (Agric.), Agronomy, Perth, Western Australia,
Australia
685. Stephan Wilksch, PhD (Professor of Production & Logistics
Management, Innovation and Technology Management, FHTW Berlin,
University of Applied Sciences), Berlin, Germany
686. Robert Wille, MS (Computer Science), VP Software Engineering,
Footnote.com, Lindon, Utah, U.S.A.
687. Thomas Smith Williams III, BS (Chemical Engineering, Virginia
Tech), Glen Allen, Virginia, U.S.A.
688. David Willis, MEng (Canterbury, New Zealand), MBA (Massey
New Zealand), retired project manager of power station engineering and
environmental investigations, Electricity Corporation of New Zealand,
Lower Hutt, New Zealand
689. David Wilson, BSc (Chemical Engineering), Reay, Caithness,
United Kingdom
690. Art Winckers, MSc (Mining Engineering), Mineral Processing
Consultant, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
691. John Wincott, BA, BSc, MBA, PhD, Academic (retired), Perth,
Western Australia, Australia
692. Edward Winsa, MS (Engineering Science), International Space
Station Microgravity Science, Project Manager and Project Scientist,
NASA Glenn R.C. (retired), Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
693. Boris Winterhalter, PhD, senior marine researcher (retired),
Geological Survey of Finland, former professor in marine geology,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
694. John Wintemute, BSCE, Consultant, Mission Viejo, California,
U.S.A.
695. Bruno Wiskel, BSc (Honours Geology), P.Geol., President and
CEO Mr. V's Field & Forest Inc., Colinton, Alberta, Canada
696. Jason D. Witt, Esq., BS (Mining Engineering), Doctorate of
Jurisprudence (West Virginia University), General Counsel, Murray
Energy Corporation and Subsidiary Companies, Alledonia, Ohio, U.S.A.
697. David E. Wojick, PhD, P.Eng., energy consultant, Star Tannery,
Virginia, U.S.A.
698. Alexander Wood, BS (Meteorology), Winter Haven, Florida,
U.S.A.
699. Arnold Woodruff, M.Sc.(Atmospheric Physics,
U.C.W.Aberystwyth), B.Sc.(Physics, Durham), Terrestrial & Spaceborne
Exploration Geophysics, Consultant Geophysicist, Woodruff Exploration
& Production Ltd., Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
700. Peter Wrenshall, MSc (Geography, Meteorology), New
Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
701. Bin Wu, PhD (candidate, Electrical Engineering), Semiconductor
Devices, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, U.S.A.
702. Chris Yakymyshyn, PhD, MS, BS (EE/Physics), Instrumentation,
Vice President Technology, FieldMetrics Inc., Seminole, Florida, U.S.A.
703. Gary A Young, MS, MBA, Naval Captain (retired), General
Manager, Colorado Springs Technology Center of Hewlett Packard
(retired), Research Associate, The Independence Institute writing on
Energy Policy, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A.
704. Roger Young, BS, MS, D.I.C. F.G.S., Geophysics, Geophysical
Consultant, Bedford, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
705. Josef Zboril, MSc. (Chemistry), Board Member, Confederation of
Industry, Prague, Czech Republic
706. A. Zichichi, PhD, President of the World Federation of Scientists,
Geneva, Switzerland; Emeritus Professor of Advanced Physics,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
707. Stan Zlochen, MS (Atmospheric Science), USAF (retired), Omaha,
Nebraska, U.S.A.