There are several types of pollution, and while they may come from different sources and

have different consequences, understanding the basics about pollution can help
environmentally conscious individuals minimize their contribution to these dangers. In total,
there are nine recognized sources of pollution in the modern world. These sources of
pollution don't simply have a negative impact on the natural world, but they can have a
measurable effect on the health of human beings as well.
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Different Types of Pollution

Air Pollution
Air pollution is defined as any contamination of the atmosphere that disturbs the natural
composition and chemistry of the air. This can be in the form of particulate matter such as
dust or excessive gases like carbon dioxide or other vapors that cannot be effectively
removed through natural cycles, such as thecarbon cycle or the nitrogen cycle.
Air pollution comes from a wide variety of sources. Some of the most excessive sources
include:

Vehicle or manufacturing exhaust

Forest fires, volcanic eruptions, dry soil erosion, and other natural sources

Building construction or demolition

Depending on the concentration of air pollutants, several effects can be noticed. Smog
increases, higher rain acidity, crop depletion from inadequate oxygen, and higher rates of
asthma. Many scientists believe that global warming is also related to increased air pollution.

Water Pollution

Water pollution involves any contaminated water, whether from chemical, particulate, or
bacterial matter that degrades the water's quality and purity. Water pollution can occur in
oceans, rivers, lakes, and underground reservoirs, and as different water sources flow
together the pollution can spread.
Causes of water pollution include:

Increased sediment from soil erosion

Improper waste disposal and littering

Leaching of soil pollution into water supplies

Organic material decay in water supplies

The effects of water pollution include decreasing the quantity of drinkable water available,
lowering water supplies for crop irrigation, and impacting fish and wildlife populations that
require water of a certain purity for survival.
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Soil Pollution
Soil, or land pollution, is contamination of the soil that prevents natural growth and balance in
the land whether it is used for cultivation, habitation, or a wildlife preserve. Some soil

pollution, such as the creation of landfills, is deliberate, while much more is accidental and
can have widespread effects.
Soil pollution sources include:

Hazardous waste and sewage spills

Non-sustainable farming practices, such as the heavy use of inorganic pesticides

Strip mining, deforestation, and other destructive practices

Household dumping and littering

Soil contamination can lead to poor growth and reduced crop yields, loss of wildlife habitat,
water and visual pollution, soil erosion, and desertification.

Noise Pollution

Noise pollution refers to undesirable levels of noises caused by human activity that disrupt
the standard of living in the affected area. Noise pollution can come from:

Traffic

Airports

Railroads

Manufacturing plants

Construction or demolition

Concerts

Some noise pollution may be temporary while other sources are more permanent. Effects
may include hearing loss, wildlife disturbances, and a general degradation of lifestyle.

Radioactive Pollution
Radioactive pollution is rare but extremely detrimental, and even deadly, when it occurs.
Because of its intensity and the difficulty of reversing damage, there are strict government
regulations to control radioactive pollution.
Sources of radioactive contamination include:

Nuclear power plant accidents or leakage

Improper nuclear waste disposal

Uranium mining operations

Radiation pollution can cause birth defects, cancer, sterilization, and other health problems
for human and wildlife populations. It can also sterilize the soil and contribute to water and air
pollution.

Thermal Pollution

Thermal pollution is excess heat that creates undesirable effects over long periods of time.
The earth has a natural thermal cycle, but excessive temperature increases can be
considered a rare type of pollution with long term effects. Many types of thermal pollution are
confined to areas near their source, but multiple sources can have wider impacts over a
greater geographic area.
Thermal pollution may be caused by:

Power plants

Urban sprawl

Air pollution particulates that trap heat

Deforestation

Loss of temperature moderating water supplies

As temperatures increase, mild climatic changes may be observed, and wildlife populations
may be unable to recover from swift changes.

Light Pollution

Light pollution is the over illumination of an area that is considered obtrusive. Sources
include:

Large cities

Billboards and advertising

Nighttime sporting events and other nighttime entertainment

Light pollution makes it impossible to see stars, therefore interfering with astronomical
observation and personal enjoyment. If it is near residential areas, light pollution can also
degrade the quality of life for residents.

Visual Pollution
Visual pollution - eyesores - can be caused by other pollution or just by undesirable,
unattractive views. It may lower the quality of life in certain areas, or could impact property
values and personal enjoyment.
Sources of visual pollution include:

Power lines

Construction areas

Billboards and advertising

Neglected areas or objects such as polluted vacant fields or abandoned buildings

While visual pollution has few immediate health or environmental effects, what's causing the
eyesore can have detrimental affects.

Personal Pollution

Personal pollution is the contamination of one's body and lifestyle with detrimental actions.
This may include:

Excessive smoking, drinking or drug abuse

Emotional or physical abuse

Poor living conditions and habits

Poor personal attitudes

In some cases, personal pollution may be inflicted by caregivers, while in other cases it is
caused by voluntary actions. Taking positive steps in your life can help eliminate this and
other sources of pollution so you can lead a more productive, satisfying life.

Fighting Pollution
All types of pollution are interconnected. For example, light pollution requires energy to be
made, which means the electric plant needs to burn more fossil fuels to supply the electricity.
Those fossil fuels contribute to air pollution, which returns to the earth as acid rain and
increases water pollution. The cycle of pollution can go on indefinitely, but once you
understand the different pollution types, how they are created, and the effects they can have,
you can make personal lifestyle changes to combat poor conditions for yourself and others
around you.

In economics, inflation is a persistent increase in the general price level of goods and services in
[1]
an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys
fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation reflects a reduction in the purchasing
power per unit of money a loss of real value in the medium of exchange and unit of account
[2][3]
within the economy. A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized
[4]
percentage change in a general price index (normally theconsumer price index) over time.
Inflation's effects on an economy are various and can be simultaneously positive and negative.
Negative effects of inflation include an increase in the opportunity cost of holding money,
uncertainty over future inflation which may discourage investment and savings, and if inflation is
rapid enough, shortages of goods as consumers begin hoarding out of concern that prices will
increase in the future. Positive effects include ensuring that central banks can adjust real interest
[5]
rates (to mitigate recessions), and encouraging investment in non-monetary capital projects.
Economists generally believe that high rates of inflation and hyperinflation are caused by an
[6]
excessive growth of the money supply. However, money supply growth does not necessarily
cause inflation. Some economists maintain that under the conditions of a liquidity trap, large
[7][8]
monetary injections are like "pushing on a string".
Views on which factors determine low to
moderate rates of inflation are more varied. Low or moderate inflation may be attributed to
fluctuations in real demand for goods and services, or changes in available supplies such as
during scarcities, as well as to changes in the velocity of money supply measures; in particular
[9][10]
the MZM ("Money Zero Maturity") supply velocity.
However, the consensus view is that a long
sustained period of inflation is caused by money supply growing faster than the rate of economic
[11][12]
growth.
[13]

Today, most economists favor a low and steady rate of inflation. Low (as opposed to zero
or negative) inflation reduces the severity of economic recessions by enabling the labor market to
adjust more quickly in a downturn, and reduces the risk that a liquidity trapprevents monetary
[14]
policy from stabilizing the economy. The task of keeping the rate of inflation low and stable is
usually given tomonetary authorities. Generally, these monetary authorities are the central
banks that control monetary policy through the setting ofinterest rates, through open market
[
operations, and through the setting of banking reserve requirements.

Definition of 'Inflation'
The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is
rising, and, subsequently, purchasing power is falling. Central banks
attempt to stop severe inflation, along with severe deflation, in an
attempt to keep the excessive growth of prices to a minimum.

Definition: Inflation is the percentage change in the value of the Wholesale Price Index (WPI)
on a year-on year basis. It effectively measures the change in the prices of a basket of goods
and services in a year. In India, inflation is calculated by taking the WPI as base.

Formula for calculating Inflation=

(WPI in month of current year-WPI in same month of previous year)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X 100
WPI in same month of previous year
Description: Inflation occurs due to an imbalance between demand and supply of money,
changes in production and distribution cost or increase in taxes on products. When economy
experiences inflation, i.e. when the price level of goods and services rises, the value of
currency reduces. This means now each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services.
It has its worst impact on consumers. High prices of day-to-day goods make it difficult for
consumers to afford even the basic commodities in life. This leaves them with no choice but
to ask for higher incomes. Hence the government tries to keep inflation under control.
Contrary to its negative effects, a moderate level of inflation characterizes a good economy.
An inflation rate of 2 or 3% is beneficial for an economy as it encourages people to buy more
and borrow more, because during times of lower inflation, the level of interest rate also
remains low. Hence the government as well as the central bank always strive to achieve a
limited level of inflation.

The Advantages & Disadvantages of Internet

Cafes
By Jessica Ring, eHow Contributor

Share

Print this article

Cyber cafes provide public Internet access.

An Internet cafe is a business that provides public Internet, usually at a time-based

rate. Some cafes offer snacks or coffee. In Asia, Internet cafes are commonly set up
like computer labs and are geared toward high-speed gaming. In Western
countries, Internet cafes are areas that provide Wi-Fi to the public in addition to
some computer terminals. Many restaurants, coffee shops and public libraries offer
Wi-Fi and Internet service for free. Utilizing public Internet has its advantages and
disadvantages. Have a question? Get an answer from Online Tech Support now!

Other People Are Reading

Cyber Cafe Advantages & Disadvantages

Internet Cafe Business Tips

1. Privacy
o

The biggest concern for most PC users is privacy. Wi-Fi hotspots in most public areas
are unsecured, which means that others could potentially access information on your
computer. If you forget to log out of a public computer terminal, someone could
access your email or other sensitive accounts. On a physical level, the person next to
you in an Internet cafe can easily look over your shoulder. Internet cafes or public
terminals are not ideal for sensitive or work-related information.

Performance
o

Internet cafes geared toward gaming have high-performance computers. Most PC

games have much higher requirements than the average personal computer. If you
play the game at an Internet cafe, you will enjoy the game at its full optimization
without the burdensome cost of buying a special gaming PC. The Internet speed at
gaming cafes is also much faster than the average home Internet speed, which
reduces lag and timeouts from interrupted Internet connections.

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Cost
o

The cost of Internet at cyber cafes is relatively low and varies between countries.
Most places charge hourly, though some offer a one-time purchase fee. If you are
traveling, purchasing an hour at an Internet cafe to write home is significantly
cheaper than paying for a monthly satellite fee. As Wi-Fi grows in abundance, more
businesses are offering free Internet access to attract customers.

Comfort and Convenience

o

Most Internet cafes are not as comfortable as your own home. The cafe could be
crowded, smoky or have uncomfortable seats, making it difficult to patronize the cafe
for hours on end. Most Internet cafes in the West are not open 24 hours, which limits
your time for work or recreation. Downloads might be restricted to preserve
bandwidth.

Read more: http://www.ehow.com/info_8208732_advantages-disadvantages-internetcafes.html#ixzz2p8VzqU4D

Some students prefer to study alone. Others

prefer to study with a group of students.

claudio94

Jan 12, 2013, 02:02pm #1

Some students prefer to study alone. Others prefer to study with a group of students.
Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Students usually tend to study alone or with a group of friends. The ones that study
alone think that they have the chance to be more concentrated, and the ones that
study in pairs think that team work is essential for doing well in an exam. In my
opinion, i think that studying alone is a better option, and i have various reasons.
Firstly, studying alone, like many people think, means that you are more
concentrated. Many teenagers think that studying together will make it much more
entertaining and easier than studying alone. This is not true. Studying together can
take you to not concentrate, not learn, and even worse, not use your time wisely. If

you study by yourself, you can create your own study plan and organize yourself,
without having to waste time in making sure that everybody agrees with the plan.
Secondly, studying by yourself helps you become more independent and better
organized. Now, it is true though that when you get to a higher level of education,
like university, it is recomendable to sometimes study in pairs, since it helps gain
work as a team techinques. However, imagine a friend asks you a question
regarding what theyre studying. They ask you for your help, and you kindly help
your friend. The problem is that you are helping yes, but you are not helping yourself.
Studying alone means that nobody would be able to interrpupt you when you are
hitting the books.
In conclussion, i have had the oportunity to experience both worlds: studying with a
group of friends and studying alone. I must say that, when it comes to preparing for
an exam, i have gotten better grades when i had studied by myself then when i had
studied with friends. If you want to be organized, independent and smart, then you
know what to do. Independent studying is the best choice.

Compare between group study and studying alone?

In: The Difference Between [Edit categories]

Answer:
Some students prefer to study alone while others like to study as a group. I beleive the choice of a
student basically depends on his intellectual capabilites as well as his mind set. Personally both study
techniques work for me. I state a few reasons in support of this.
Firstly, the latter technique works for me, for subjects that involve problem solving or analytical
reasoning. As a group, different people will have different ideas and hence understanding the problem
becomes easier. Also, with many people around, problem solving will not be as hectic as when done
alone. As an advantage, peers of my study group have influenced my way of approach to certain type
of problems. On the contrary this can be a disadvantage and might make things more difficult for
certain students. This happens when peers are at a lower standard and degrade a student at a higher
standard.
Secondly, the earlier technique works for me when I have very little time before an exam. Self study is

the best for me at such times. I feel that anything that I learn on my own will be in memory longer
than anything that I learn from others. Of course, for others the contrary might be more effective.
Thus, the method of study varies among students. Their choice depends on their intellectual
capabilities and mind set. As for me, I choose the technique depending on the circumstances.

One common thing every student has to do is that they need to study
hard to pass the exams, and they also have many different styles
of studying. Some students prefer to study alone while others prefer
study in group. I completely agree that group study is the best studying
style because of some significantly important as clarified in the following
essay.
First, study group is more effective than study alone. If you study by
yourself, you will always see your material from the same aspect.
Study group are the perfect places to find new perspective. When you
listen and ask question, you will soon start noticing a wide variety of
different viewpoints on the same idea. Moreover, students in study
group can generally learn faster than studying alone. For instance,
some part of the textbook that seems completely confusing to you could
be quite clear to other students.
Second, study group brings for us more motivation. In study group, you
always have someone to discuss the topic with when you find the
topic tedious. Studying for yourself is not enough, you have to help
other members in group, and you will understand the lessons clearly.
Furthermore, if studying alone, you might fell disappointed when not
comprehend the lessons or get low marks. However, the members in
group will share your problems. Seeing your friends study hard and get
high marks is also the motivation to encourage you.
Third, study group helps us change some bad habits. Studying in group
that means you are the member of small organization, and you have to
follow the rule of group. For example, you always get up late, but you
must get up earlier because you cannot waste the time of the other
members in group.
Those who disapprove studying in group would argue that study group

wastes more time because you will chat or joke with others.
However, groups often study in quite place such as library, so you
cannot make noises. Almost groups also have a flexible schedule of
studying and relaxing.
During the college years, each student develops his or her own
particular study methods. By joining a study group, you will have
opportunity to learn more effective, have more motivations, and also
change some bad habits. Depending on the members and atmosphere,
study group can be either help a student grow or can pull a student
down. Remember that all groups are not created equal, so you should
choose carefully and decide what your suitable studying style is.

There is an increasing trend around the world to have a small family rather than a
large family. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of having a small
family rather than a large family?
Over the past decades birth rates have steadily declined. Consequently, the says of
nuclear families have diminish all over the world. This easy I will discuss the
advantages and shortcomings of smaller family sizes.
As small family can benefit children and parents and make it easier to find sufficient
resources for a family. Children can enjoy their parents full attention instead of
sharing it with multiple siblings. Additionally, I an family with less children sibling
rivalry is less likely to be a problem among children. Parents can spend more time
with the individual child and the childs favourite activities. Caring for a large family
can be stressful mad exhausting. Parents of a small family should therefore be more
relaxed and patient. Lastly, fewer children mean the family budget is more likely to
leave room for some extras, like holidays or separate bedrooms for each child.
On the other hand, there are also some downsides for all family members of a small
family. Children can end become spoilt and less responsible than their peer growing
in large families. Being an only child is often associated with egoism and less
developed social skills. Parents will focus all their expectations on fewer children.
This will heighten pressure to succeed on the individual child. Moreover, it might be
simpler for parents to raise multiple children as siblings learn from each other and
play together. In a large family every member can contribute is domestic duties are
shared. Also, some common family activities, such as outdoor games, are probably
more fun with a larger family.
All in all, there are positive and negative aspects of having a smaller family. As

family sizes are decreasing most people to believe the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages significantly.

I grew up in a big family and it was really good, I have 7 brothers and two sisters and
my parents, so there were lots of people around and I think a big family is good.
You're never lonely and there's always someone to hang around with or play with or
do something with and lots of things to share, in addition you learn some good
values being patient and cooperative.
What is better between having big or small family? Is depends on the age of the
person. I think it is valuable for any kid to have brothers and sisters, to share your
thinking, interesting, and your special memories, someone you can trust, and
feedback your faults.
On The other hand, it is better to just have a very small family especially for parents,
maybe just one or two children because things are so expensive and it's just really
hard to raise a big family nowadays.
In conclusion, and as I have a big family, I prefer to have small one consist of one or
two kids with my wife and I. So I can take care of them more and focus of their
education and lives.

[I stress opinion because I would never presume to recommend that my feelings

are good guidelines for anyone else in something as personal as family size,
right?

]
I think that 'only children' have a tough time learning to socialize with other
kids. I have of course known several 'only children,' many of whom are
delightfully sociable, but many of whom seem truly comfortable only with
adults or by themselves. Being with other kids in day care would help, but
that still isn't the same as learning the full-time give-and-take of living with
siblings. This extends also to big age gaps between siblings. My dad was 16
when his only sibling (a sister) was born; both considered themselves (from a
practical standpoint) to be 'only' children.
Beyond that, I think the ideal family size is defined only by the parents' ability
to pay and by their willingness to nurture. Some of these huge families that
you occasionally read about (they're almost regimented, in order to prepare
meals, etc.) still seem able to raise kids who feel cared for as individuals. My
hat's off to those parents--I don't think I'd have the energy to spend with
each child, but maybe you gradually find it as the brood increases.
My hypothetically ideal family would depend totally on luck for its creation. I
have fraternal twin daughters, and I have seen how wonderful life is for
them. I'm sure that this isn't a blanket statement for all fraternal twins, but
my two have always been each other's best friend. As babies, they slept in

the same crib; when they were toddlers, we took one side down on each of
our two cribs and pushed them together to create one 'king-size' crib, so they
still slept together. In this way, bedtime literally never produced tears;
putting them in bed was not putting them in solitary confinement. During the
day, they never needed to rely on Mom or Dad as their playmate--yes, we
played with them (a bunch!), but they had each other when grown-up
business (like cooking and cleaning) had to take precedence for us. Also,
because they are fraternal (though there are always a few people who say
they can't tell them apart, which bugs the girls a lot), they clearly have their
own unique look, personality, identity. SO, my ideal family would consist of
two sets of same-sex fraternal twins, girls first (to break the parents in and to
help rein in the boys later), followed maybe 3-4 years later by a set of
fraternal twin boys. Since we're speaking of the hypothetically ideal, I don't
have to worry about the possibility of (for example) the two boys hating each
other, right? They certainly wouldn't have to share interests or be alike in
personality; I'd just want them to have that wonderful closeness that I see in
my daughters now.
Enough rambling. I enjoyed that--thanks for asking the question!
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bond! ;-)

Pam_I_Am 79 months ago

Answer from autumn00:0)

4 people found this helpful

For me, a smaller family.

I am lucky enough to have a son and a daughter, two years apart. I dont think that
I would have had the patience for more children, and that is the way it has worked
out. My daughter always wanted a little sister...she has many cousins who are
younger and that works for me. I do see other larger families, however, and see that
it works for them, just more people. I am one of five children (middle child) and
seemed to have made it okay.
I think it is a matter of want for some, religious reasons for certain ones, and OOPS!
for others. I can say I am perfectly happy with my family; I believe my husband
would have liked to have more, but it didnt happen. For us, we have been able to

travel to many different places, and do many things because we are a unit of four. If
there were more of us, that may not have been possible. Money does play a big
factor in many peoples decisions on whether or not to have more children. It costs a
lot of $$ to raise a child these days!
I see that big families have a lot of fun - my parents had friends who had ten kids
and I always loved to go to their house for cookouts and just visit (they lived on the
ocean - the money thing came into play here). But if you dont have a schedule or a
plan for how things should get done in the house, then it could be chaotic (their
house was a MESS constantly - and they had a maid!).
Now that my kids are teens, I keep thinking how I would have handled another
teenager in the fray here. Wow. I dont think I could have. Like I said, I have
patience for two, and sometimes that wears very thin...so, my small family works
just great for me/us.

Sources: my life
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autumn00:0) 79 months ago

Answer from zootedmalish

3 people found this helpful

a smaller family for me

a smaller family for me is better because i think there is more closeness when there
are less people, i know it sounds weird but its true. Both my parents are the only
children and then they had my brother and me..we had 4 people in our family no
aunts uncles or cousins, only a grandpa and i realized that the children are closer
with their parents when they have no siblings. My dad and my grandpa are super
close and i am very close to my parents. My boyfriend has 7 brothers and sisters and
i see the difference in their family bond they are not as close they dont talk as often
and they dont pay attention to each other,as oppose to my family we have dinner
together once a week and we try to speak on the phone everyday. I guess it sounds
stupid but when you have such a small family you cherish it alot because thats all
you have. I'm sure there are big families out there that are all very close i just think
that its more rare than smaller families. I even told mu boyfriend that i only want to

have 1 child, which is good because my brother already had a daughter and our
family is already expanding, the next generation in our family will have aunts,uncles
and cousins and i cant wait to see what it will be like at christmas in 10 years from
now i am very excited
zootedmalish 79 months ago