NAME : ARGA

ESSA P
NO
CLASS

: 24
: XI S2

GLOBAL WARNING

Global Warming or Global Warming is the process of increasing the average

temperature of the atmosphere, oceans and the Earth's land.
Global average temperature at Earth's surface has risen 0.74 C 0:18
(1:33 0:32 F) during the last hundred years. Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that "most of the increase in global
average temperatures since the mid-20th century most likely caused by
increased concentrations of greenhouse gases due to human activities" [1]
via the greenhouse effect. These basic conclusions have been advanced by
at least 30 scientific and academic bodies, including all the national science
academies of the G8 nations. However, there are still some scientists who
disagree with some conclusions that the IPCC noted.
Climate models referenced by the IPCC projects show global surface
temperature will rise 1.1 to 6.4 C (2.0 to 11.5 F) between 1990 and 2100.
[1] The difference in estimates was caused by the use of different scenarios
of greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gases in the future, as well as
models of different climate sensitivities. Although most studies have focused
on the period up to 2100, warming and lautdiperkirakan water level rise will
continue for more than a thousand years even if greenhouse gas emission
levels have been stable. [1] This reflects the large heat capacity of the
oceans.
Increasing global temperatures are expected to lead to other changes such
as rising sea levels, increased intensity of extreme weather phenomena, [2]
and changes in the number and pattern of precipitation. Consequences of
global warming is another character of agricultural output, loss of glaciers,
and the extinction of various animal species.
Some of the things the scientists are still doubtful about the amount of
warming predicted to occur in the future, and how warming and the changes
that occur will vary from one region to another. Until now, there are still
political and public debate in the world about what, if any, action should be

taken to reduce or reverse further warming or to adapt to the consequences

that exist. Most of the governments of the world's countries have signed and
ratified the Kyoto Protocol, which leads to reduction of emissions of
greenhouse gases.overheating in the process of annual average temperature
of the earth that began around 1900 as a result of the industrial revolution
(Industry Revolution) in the UK and other European countries followed. The
Industrial Revolution itself that resulted in various developed countries in the
world today. So, now advanced negara2 who blamed as the cause of global
warming due to carbon exhaust gas discharged to the industrial activities
that become tulantg back the advanced economies.
Warming itself occurs due to the presence of greenhouse gases such as
carbon dioksica (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane gas and so on.
These gases cause the greenhouse effect (Greenhouse Effect) in the earth's
atmosphere so that the hot sun most of the trapped in the Earth's
atmosphere, which in turn resulted in rising average air temperature of the
earth.
Short-term impact of global warming are rising sea levels (due to melting of
ice at the poles), expansion of the wilderness and climate change / anomaly
of weather and season, as happened in Indonesia. But long-term impact is
estimated to modern ice age (freezing of the earth).
Melting of ice, in addition to the impact of global warming, as well as the
ozone hole over Antarctica, due to decomposition of ozone gas
(Chlorofluorocarbons / CFCs) that break down ozone (O3) into oxygen (O2)
and O elements, so that ozone is supposed to ward off the sun UV rays ,
lamngsung penetrate the earth. Ozone hole is not the dominant cause of
global warming, but the cause of the melting of polar ice that exacerbated
the existence of global warming. Sebernarya Causes of global warming is
greenhouse gases.The increased frequency and intensity of floods caused by
the random occurrence of the rainfall pattern and the short rainy season
while the very high rainfall (extreme events).
Another possibility is a result of backwater effects from coastal to inland
areas. The frequency and intensity of floods predicted nine times greater in
the next decade where the 80% increase in flooding occurred in South and
Southeast Asia (including Indonesia) with the inundation area reaches 2
million square miles.
Increasing the volume of water in coastal areas will provide the cumulative
effect if the sea level rise and increased frequency and intensity of rainfall
occurred in the same period.

Sea-level rise in addition to resulting changes in ocean currents in coastal

areas also caused damage to the mangrove ecosystem, which currently only
has a very worrying condition. Area of mangrove forests in Indonesia has
declined from 5,209,543 ha (1982) decreased to 3.2357 million ha (1987)
and decreased again to 2,496,185 ha (1993). In a period of 10 years (19821993), has been a reduction of mangrove forests 50% of the total area of
the original. If the existence of mangroves can not be maintained anymore,
so: coastal erosion will often occur in the absence of anchoring waves,
pollution of the river to the sea will rise due to the absence of filtering
pollutants, and aquaculture farming zones would be threatened by itself.

NAME : ARGA
ESSA P
NO
CLASS

: 24
: XI S2

Lion, The King of the Jungle

Leo or lion is one of four big cats in the Panthera genus, and members of the Felidae family.
With a few males exceeding 250 kg (550 lb) weight, it is the second largest living cat after the
tiger. Wild lions currently exist in Sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia with a population of remaining
critical in Gir Forest National Park in India, having disappeared from North Africa and Western
Asia in historic times. Until the late Pleistocene, about 10,000 years ago, the lion is the most
widespread land mammal after humans great. They are found in most of Africa, in Eurasia from
western Europe to India, and in America from the Yukon to Peru.
Lion Species
Lions are carnivorous mammals that come from the family Felidae. They are geographically
distributed in mostly sub-Saharan east and southern Africa but can also be found in zoos
internationally, India and some parts of Asia . The population of these vulnerable animals has
dramatically decreased in the past few decades with no solid reason as to why. It is thought that
clashes with humans and habitat loss may be a possibility, but to help further preserve and
monitor these creatures, they are usually kept within reserves and parks. Only eight sub species

are recognized today and there is a small range of hybrids with lions mating with tigers, jaguars
or leopards to create unique creatures. This is discouraged and only initiated at zoos.
Lion Manes
These kings of the jungle can weigh between 250 and 550 pounds, depending on sex and age and
can grow up to be 14 years old in the wild and over the age of 20 years old in captivity. They
become capable at hunting at the age of two and are fully grown after 5 or 6 years. Male lions are
distinguishable for their impressive manes, which signifies their masculinity and reflects their
health. The darker and thicker the mane, the healthier the lion. It allows the lions to appear
stronger and frightening to warn off enemies, particularly humans, and appeals to lionesses that
are scientifically proven to mate more with lions with thick and dark manes. Lions with no
manes are either genetically inbred or have been castrated.

White Lion
The legendary white lion was once thought to be a figment of one's imagination until less than
fifty years ago, when white lion cubs were discovered. This is due a recessive gene and they are
not albino as they do have pigmentation in vital parts such as they eye, paw and lip. Their
condition is called leucism meaning they only have pigmentation loss in the skin and fur. There
are less than fifty white lions in the world.
Man Eaters
Some lions have been known to eat humans however this is thought to only have been done by
those who are suffering injuries and disabilities that make it difficult for them to hunt natural
prey thus pursuing humans as they are weaker and easier to capture. Several other theories
include wanting to defend itself. Another is that their natural habitat is unavailable and not
wanting to starve, they attack humans. The thought that lions are predatory towards humans has
created ignorance and increased the amount of hunting by encouraging the extermination of
these creatures. Humans have taken over territories once belonging to lions and by forcing them
to leave their natural home has further demolished their habitat and lifestyle, leaving them to
suffer and destruct. Lions are now listed as being a vulnerable species and their population is
now irreversibly decreased.