BOOKIPREEMPLOYMENT

Santosvs.EmployeesCompensationCommission
The ECC as the agency tasked with implementing the social justice mandate guaranteed by the
Constitution,shouldbemoreliberalinresolvingcompensationclaimsofemployeesespeciallywherethereissome
basisinthefactsforinferringaworkconnectiontothecauseofdeath.
NationalSugarRefineriesCorporationvs.NLRC
WhiletheConstitutioniscommittedtothepolicyofsocialjusticeandtheprotectionoftheworkingclass,
itshouldnotbesupposedtateverylabordisputewillbeautomaticallydecidedinfavoroflabor.Managementalso
hasitsownrights,whichareentitledtorespectandenforcementintheinterestofsimplefairplay.
Chavezvs.BontoPerez
Oneoftheanguishedcriesinoursocietytodayisthatwhileourlawsappeartoprotectthepoor,their
interpretationissometimesantipoor.
Darvinvs.CourtofAppeals
Bythemselves,procuringapassport,airlineticketsandforeignvisaforanotherindividual,withoutmore,
canhardlyqualifyasrecruitmentactivities.Asidefromthetestimonyofprivaterespondent,thereisnothingtoshow
thataccusedappellantengagedinrecruitmentactivities.
SalazarvsAchacoso
TheSecretary ofLabor,notbeingajudge,maynolongerissuesearch orarrest warrants.Hence,the
authoritiesmustgothroughthejudicialprocess.Thegeneralrule,basedonourConstitutionisthatonlyjudges,and
noother,whomayissuewarrants.Theexceptionisincasesofdeportationofillegalandundesirablealiens.Article
38(c)oftheLaborCodesdeclaredunconstitutionalandnullandvoid.
PacificConsultantsInternationalAsiaInc.vs.Schonfield
TheDOLEmayissueanalienemploymentpermitbasedonlyonthefollowing:
(1) Compliancebytheapplicantandhisemployerwiththerequirements
(2) ReportoftheBureauDirectorastotheavailabilityornonavailabilityofanypersoninthePhilippines
whoiscompetentandwillingtodothejobforwhichtheservicesoftheapplicantaredesired
(3) Hisassessmentastowhetherornottheemploymentoftheapplicantwillredoundtothenational
interest
(4) AdmissibilityofthealienascertifiedbytheCommissiononImmigrationandDeportation
(5) TherecommendationoftheBoardofInvestmentsorotherappropriategovernmentagenciesifthe
applicantwillbeemployedinpreferredareasofinvestmentsorinaccordancewiththeimperative
economicdevelopment
BOOKIIHUMANRESOURCESANDDEVELOPMENTPROGRAM
Bernardoetalvs.NLRCandFarEastBankandTrustCompany
TheMagnaCartaforDisabledPersonsmandatesthataqualifieddisabledemployeeshouldbegiventhe
sametermsandconditionsofemploymentasaqualifiedablebodiedperson.SincetheMagnaCartaaccordsthem

therightsofqualifiedablebodiedpersons,theyarethuscoveredbyArticle280oftheLConRegularandCasual
Employment

BOOKIIICONDITIONSOFEMPLOYMENT
AutoBusTransportSystemsInc.vs.Bautista
Thedefinitionofafieldpersonnelisnotmerelyconcernedwiththelocationwheretheemployeeregularly
performshisduties,butalsowiththefactthattheemployeesperformanceisunsupervisedbytheemployer.Field
personnelarethosewhoregularlyperformtheirdutiesawayfromtheprincipalplaceofbusinessoftheemployer
andwhoseactual hoursofworkinthefieldcannot bedeterminedwithreasonable certainty. BusDrivers and
ConductorsarenotFieldPersonnel
MercidarFishingCorporationvs.NLRC
FishermenarenotFieldPersonnel.Inthecaseatbar,duringtheentirecourseoftheirfishingvoyage,
fishermenemployedbypetitionerhavenochoicebuttoremainonboarditsvessel.Althoughtheyperformnon
agriculturalworkawayfrompetitionersbusinessoffices,thefactremainsthatthroughoutthedurationoftheirwork
theyareundertheeffectivecontrolandsupervisionofpetitionerthroughthevesselspatronormaster.
UniversityofPangasinanFacultyUnionvs.NLRC
The no work, no pay principle does not apply in the instant case. It is clear from the law that it
contemplatesanoworksituationwheretheemployeesvoluntarilyabsentthemselves.Petitioners,inthecaseatbar,
certainlydonot,advoluntatemabsentthemselvesduringsemestralbreaks.Rather,theyareconstrainedtotake
mandatoryleavefromwork.Surelyitwasnottheintentionoftheframersofthelawtoallowemployerstowithhold
employeebenefitsbythesimpleexpedientofunilaterallyimposingnoworkdaysandconsequentlyavoiding
compliancewiththemandateofthelawforthosedays.
PhilippineAirlinesInc.vsNLRC
Theeighthourworkperioddoesnotincludethemealbreak.Nowhereinthelawmayitbeinferredthat
employeesmusttaketheirmealswithinthecompanypremises.Employeesarenotprohibitedformgoingoutofthe
premisesaslongastheyreturntotheirpostsontime.Privaterespondentsactofgoinghometotakehisdinnerdoes
notconstituteabandonment.
Legahivs.NLRC
Realisticallyspeaking,aseaman,bytheverynatureofhisjob,staysonboardashiporvesselbeyondthe
regulareighthourworkschedule.Fortheemployertogivehimovertimepayfortheextrahourswhenhemightbe
sleepingorattendingtohispersonal choresorevenjustlullingawayhistimewouldbeextremelyunfairand
unreasonable.Itcouldnothavebeenthepurposeofourlawtorequiretheiremployerstopaythemovertimeeven
whentheyarenotactuallyworking.
Thecorrectcriterionindeterminingwhetherornotsailorsareentitledtoovertimepayisnot,therefore,
whethertheywereonboardandcannotleaveshipbeyondtheregulareightworkinghoursaday,butwhetherthey
actuallyrenderedserviceinexcessofsaidnumberofhours.
AsianTransmissionCorporationvs.CourtofAppeals

PertainstotheDOLEBulletinrecognizingtwoholidaysinonedayemployeesareentitledto200%of
theirbasicwageonApril9,1993,GoodFridayandArawngKagitingan.Althoughtheworkerisforcedtotakea
rest,heearnswhatheshouldearn,thatis,hisholidaypay.
TheLaborCodeaffordsaworkertheenjoymentoftenpaidregularholidays.Theprovisionismandatory,
regardlessofwhetheranemployeeispaidonamonthlyoradailybasis.Unlikeabonus,whichisamanagement
prerogative, holiday pay is a statutory benefit demandable under the law. Since the worker is entitled to the
enjoymentoftenpaidregularholidays,thefactthattwoholidaysfallonthesamedayshouldnotoperatetoreduce
toninethetenholidaypaybenefits.
Onlyanemployeewhoworksonthedayimmediatelyprecedingorafteraregularholidayshallbeentitled
toholidaypay.
JoseRizalCollegevs.NLRC
Petitionerisexemptedformpayinghourlypaidfacultymemberstheirpayforregularholidays,whetherthe
samebeduringtheregularsemestersoftheschoolyearorduringsemestral,Christmas,orHolyWeekvacations.
However,petitioneristopaysaidfacultymemberstheirregularhourlyrateondaysdeclaredasspecialholidaysor
for some reason classes are called off or shortened for the hours they are supposed to have taught, whether
extensionsofclassdaysbeorderedornot.Incaseofextensionssaidfacultymembersshalllikewisebepaidtheir
hourlyratesshouldtheyteachduringsaidextensions.
SevillaTradingCovs.Semana
A company practice favorable to the employees had indeed been established and the payments made
pursuantthereto,ripenedintobenefitsenjoyedbythem.Andanybenefitandsupplementbeingenjoyedbythe
employeescannotbereduced,diminished,discontinuedoreliminatedbytheemployer.
ManilaJockeyClubEmployeesLaborUnionvs.ManilaJockeyClub
Respondentwasnotobligedtoallowallitsemployeestorenderovertimeworkeverydayforthewhole
year,butonlythoseemployeeswhoseserviceswereneededaftertheirregularworkinghoursandonlyuponthe
instruction of management. The overtime pay was not given to each employee consistently, deliberately, and
unconditionally,butasacompensationforadditionalservicesrendered.Thus,overtimepaydoesnotfallwithinthe
benefitsofArticle100oftheLConprohibitionagainstdiminutionofbenefits.
Babasetalvs.LorenzoShippingCorporation
Laboronlycontracting,aprohibitedact,isanarrangementwherethecontractormerelyrecruitsorplaces
workerstoperformajobforaprincipal.Ontheotherhand,permissiblejobcontractingorsubcontractingrefersto
an arrangement whereby a principal agrees to put out or farm out with the contractor or subcontractor the
performanceorcompletionofaspecificjob.
Conditionsforlegitimatejobcontracting:
(1) Contractorcarriesonadistinctandindependent businessandundertakesthecontract workonhis
account,underhisownresponsibility,freefromthecontrolanddirectionoftheprincipal
(2) Contractorhassubstantialcapitalorinvestment
(3) Agreementbetweentheprincipalandcontractorassuresthecontractualemployeesentitlementtoall
laborandoccupationalsafetyandhealthstandards,etc.
FiveJTaxivsNLRC
Art114oftheLaborCodeonDepositsforlossordamagedoesnotapplytoorpermitdepositstodefray
anydeficiencywhichthetaxidrivermayincurintheremittanceofhisboundary.

MeycauayanCollegevs.Drilon
Havingenteredintoanagreementwithitsemployees,anemployermaynotbeallowedtorenegeonits
obligation under a CBA should at the same time, the law grant the employees the same or better terms and
conditions of employment. Employee benefits derived from law are exclusive of benefits arrived at through
negotiationandagreementunlessotherwiseprovidedbytheagreementitselforbylaw.
BrokenshireMemorialHospitalInc.vs.MinisterofLaborandEmployment
UnderArticle129,theRDorauthorizedofficersofDOLEhasjurisdictionoverclaimsforrecoveryof
wages,simplemoneyclaimsandotherbenefits,providedtheybefiledbyanemployeeorpersonemployedin
domesticorhouseholdservice,andthefollowingrequisitesmustoccur:
(1) Claimmustarisefromemployeremployeerelationship
(2) Claimantisnolongeremployedandfoesnotseekreinstatement
(3) AggregatemoneyclaimofeachemployeedoesnotexceedP5,000
IntheabsenceofanyofthethreerequisitestheLaborArbitershaveexclusiveoriginaljurisdictionoverall
claims arising from employeremployee relations, other than the claims for employees compensation, social
security,medicareandmaternitybenefits.
DuncanAssociationofDetailmanPTGWOvs.GlaxoWellcomePhilippinesInc.
Apolicyprohibitinganemployeefromhavingarelationshipwithanemployeeofacompetitorcompanyis
avalidexerciseofmanagementprerogative.Glaxohasarighttoguarditstradesecrets,etc,andprotectitsinterests
againstthepossibilitythatacompetitorcompanywillgainaccesstoitssecretsandprocedures.Relationshipsofthat
naturemightcompromisetheinterestofthecompany.
From its employee handbook, it is clear that Glaxo does not impose an absolute prohibition against
relationships between its employees and those of competitor companies. Its employees are free to cultivate
relationshipsandmarrypersonsoftheirownchoosing.Whatthecompanymerelyseekstoavoidisconflictof
interestbetweentheemployeeandthecompanythatmayariseoutofsuchrelationship.Suchassailedpolicy,which
formspartofrespondentsCodeofConductanditscontractswithitsemployees,signedbyTecson,wasmade
knowntohimpriortohisemployment.
MaltovsPeople
Thesweethearttheoryisnotadefenseagainstchildabuse.Itappliesinactsoflasciviousnessandrape,
feloniescommittedagainstorwithouttheconsentofthevictim.Itoperatesonthetheorythatthesexualactis
consensual.Achildispresumedbylawtobeincapableofgivingrationalconsenttoanylasciviousactorsexual
intercourse.