IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM)

e-ISSN: 2278-5728, p-ISSN: 2319-765X. Volume 11, Issue 1 Ver. 1 (Jan - Feb. 2015), PP 83-86
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Hardy-Steklov operator on two exponent Lorentz spaces

for non-decreasing functions
Arun Pal Singh
Department of Mathematics, Dyal Singh College (University of Delhi)
Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110 003, INDIA
Email: arunps12@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: In this paper, we obtain the characterization on pair of weights v and w so that the Hardy-Steklov

a ( x ) f ( t ) dt
b( x)

operator

Lvp,q (0, ) to Lrw,s (0, ) for 0 < p, q, r, s < .

is bounded from

2010 AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: 26D10, 26D15.

Keywords: Hardy-Steklov operator, Lorentz spaces, non-decreasing.
I.
By a weight function
take

Introduction

u defined on (0,) we mean a non-negative locally integrable measurable function. We

M0 M0 ((0, ), u( x)dx) to be the set of functions which are measurable, non-negative and finite a.e. on

(0,) with respect to the measure u( x)dx . Then the distribution function uf of f M0 is given by

uf (t ) : = {x(0,) : f ( x )>t}u( x)dx, t 0.

The non-increasing rearrangement

f u* of f with respect to du (x) is defined as

fu* ( y) : = inf {t : uf (t ) y}, y 0.

For 0 < p < , 0 < q , the two exponent Lorentz spaces

p ,q
Lv

q 1/p * q dt
[t
f v (t )]

t
: = 0 p
1/p f * ( t ) ,
t
sup
v

t >0

Lvp,q (0, ) consist of f M0 for which

1/q
,

0< q <

(1)

q =

is finite.
In this paper, we characterize the weights

Tf

Lrw, s

v and w for which a constant C > 0 exists such that

C f

p ,q ,
Lv

f 0

(2)

where T is the Hardy-Steklov operator defined as

(Tf )( x) =

b( x)

a( x)

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11118386

f (t ) dt.

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Hardy-Steklov operator on two exponent Lorentz spaces for non-decreasing functions

The functions a = a( x) and b = b( x) in (3) are strictly increasing and differentiable on (0,) .
Also, they satisfy

a(0) = b(0) = 0; a() = b() = and a( x) < b( x) for 0 < x < .

1

Clearly, a and b exist, and are strictly increasing and differentiable. The constant
different bounds for different appearances.

II.

C attains

Lemmas

Lemma 1. We have

Lrv, s

1/s
s 1 v
s/r

st [ f (t )] dt ,
= 0
sup t [vf (t )]1/r ,

t >0

0<s<
(4)

s = .

Proof. Applying the change of variable y = f (t ) to the R.H.S. of (1) and integrating by parts we
v

get the lemma.

Lemma 2. If f is nonnegative and non-decreasing, then
s

s
Lrv, s

s
= f s ( x) v(t )dt r v( x)dx.
x

r 0

Proof. We obtain the above equality by evaluating the two iterated integrals of st

(5)
s

s 1

s 1
h r ( x )v ( x )
r

over the set {( x, t ) ; 0 < t < f ( x), 0 < x} , so that we have

s

0 0

s 1
s 1
st s 1 h r ( x)v( x) dt dx = st s 1 h r ( x)v( x) dx dt ,
0 x (t )
r
r

f ( x)

where x(t ) = sup{x : f ( x) t} for a fixed t , and h( x) =

(6)

x v(t )dt.

Integrating with respect to t first, the L.H.S. of (6) gives us the R.H.S. of (5). Further
s

s/r

s r 1
= [v{x : f ( x) > t}]r = [v (t )] r .
r =
h
(
x
)
v
(
x
)
dx
=
h
(
x
(
t
))
v
(
s
)
ds

f
x (t )

r x (t )

Hence the lemma now follows in view of Lemma 1.

III.

Main Results

Theorem 1. Let 0 < p, q, r , s < be such that 1 < q s < . Let T be the Hardy-Steklov operator
given in (3) with functions a and b satisfying the conditions given thereat. Also, we assume that a( x) < b( x)
for x (0,). Then the inequality
1/s

s
*s s/r dx
0 [Tf ( x)]w x

x
r
DOI: 10.9790/5728-11118386

1/q

q *
dx
C
[ f v ( x)]q x q/p
x
0 p

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Hardy-Steklov operator on two exponent Lorentz spaces for non-decreasing functions

holds for all nonnegative non-decreasing functions f if and only if
1/s

s
s x

1
r

sup t y w( z )dz w( y )dy

0 <t < x < r

a ( x ) <b ( t )

1/q

1 q

1
b (t )

v( z )dz v( y ) dy
a ( x ) y

< .

(8)

Proof. Using differentiation under the integral sign, the condition a( x) < b( x) for x (0,) ensures
that Tf is nonnegative and non-decreasing. Consequently, by Lemma 2, the inequality (7) is equivalent to
1/s

s
b ( x )

f (t )dt W ( x)dx
0
a( x)

1/q

C f q ( x) V ( x)dx
0

(9)

1
1
q
s
p
r
v( x).
where W ( x) = w( z )dz w( x) and V ( x) = v( z )dz

p x
r x

Thus it suffices to show that (9) holds if and only if (8) holds. The result now follows in view of
Theorem 3.11 [2].
Similarly, in view of Theorem 2.5 [1], by making simple calculations, we may obtain the following:
Theorem 2. Let 0 < p, q, r , s < be such that 0 < s < q,1 < q < . Let T be the Hardy-Steklov
operator given in (3) with functions a and b satisfying the conditions given thereat. Also, we assume that
a( x) < b( x) for x (0,). Then the inequality (7) holds for all nonnegative non-decreasing functions f
if and only if
1/l

b1(a(t )[a

s/r

(t ) b s/r ( x)]l/p [ x q/p t q/p ]l/p

1
q

v( y )dy p v( x)dx (t )dt

p x

<

and
1/l

1
a 1(b(t )) s/r
q
p
s/r
l/p q/p
q/p l/p

[a ( x) b (t )] [t x ] v( y )dy v( x)dx (t )dt

p x
0 t

where

< ,

1 1 1 1 1 1
= , = , and is the normalizing function as defined in [3].
r q p l s q

Remark. The condition a( x) < b( x) for x (0,) cannot be relaxed since otherwise the monotonicity of

Tf would be on stake. For example, consider the functions

10

a( x) =
10 x 9 ,

x 9( 2 1) ,
10

0 x < 10
10 x < 20
x 20

and
DOI: 10.9790/5728-11118386

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Hardy-Steklov operator on two exponent Lorentz spaces for non-decreasing functions

10 10 x ,

b( x ) =
x
99 ,

10

10 10 x 99( 2 1) ,

0 x < 10
10 x < 20
x 20.

a and b satisfy all the aforementioned conditions, except that, we have a( x) > b( x) for
10 x < 20 .

Note that

Acknowledgement
This work was supported in part by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), INDIA.

References
[1].

H.P.Heinig and G.J. Sinnamon, Mapping properties of integral averaging operators, Studia Math., 129(1998), 157-177.

[2].

A. Kufner and L.E. Persson, Weighted Inequalites of Hardy Type, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, Singapore, 2003.

[3].

E. Sawyer, Weighted Lebesgue and Lorentz norm inequalites for the Hardy operator, Trans. of Amer. Math. Soc., Vol. 281(1984),
329-337 .

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