aa a"yen ning '9 "enw Stairway (only) to Heaven? The Usage of Elevators on Shabbat irosenfeld@Iss.ora Based on R. Michael Broyde & R. Howard Jachter, The Use of Elevators and Escalators on Shabbat and Yom Tov; Journal of Halacha & Contemporary Society; R. Chayim Halperin, Ma‘aliot b'Shabbat Pilui Nishmat Dr. Phillip Bloch, Alter ben Yitzchak HaKohen I. Elevators in socio-cultural context A. Nick Paumgarten, Up & Then Down; New Yorker, 4/21/08 1. The rise of cities and urban life . Safety and risk factors, cultural acceptance B. Elizabeth A. Harris, For Jewish Sabbath, Elevators Do All the Work; New York ‘Times, 3/6/12 1. Jewish life in NYC, UES & UWS - buildings we know; Real Estate perks 2. Difference of Israeli milieu and America - interaction of n29n pva C. Dominic Pettman, Working Around God: Technology, the Pace of Life, and the Shabbos Elevator; The Atlantic, 6/14/14 D. Alan Dundes, Shabbat Elevator and Other Sabbath Subterfuges: An Unorthodox Essay on Circumventing Custom and Jewish Character; Rowman & Littlefield, Oxford: 2002 1. MNYP TMT NW, fetishization of legal repression and communal bonding over ritualistic circumvention, Folkloristic outlook, basic misunderstandings. IL. Four (that are two) Basic Approaches to Using an Elevator on Shabbat A. R. Yitzchak Weisz, Resp. Minchat Yitzchak; 3:60 1, Additional weight causes motor to draw more current/work harder. 2. What about pushing the buttons? Incandescent vs. LED, gen. elec. issues. B. R. Ya’akov Breisch, Resp. Chelkat Ya‘akou; 3:137 2. “What's the difference between horizontal or vertical” - 91N7 PTY a. Beitzah 25b - carried on a chair is forbidden. b. R. Yitzchak Schmelkes, Resp. Beit Yitzchak; 2:30 i, Trolley or subway not in spirit of Shabbat C._R. Yosef Henkin, Kol Kite Hagaon Harav Henkin; 2:59 1. Elevator, not passenger is doing the work. 2. R. Moshe Feinstein, Resp. Iggerot Moshe; OC 2:80 concurs, so long as no 1239 T"nN issues persist. (to be discussed) D. R. Yehuda Unterman, Resp. Shevet Yehuda; p. 20 1. Same rationale. 29 Nwyn from Chafetz Chayim.SEK AN 5% a Hebe Falaaen ,"Ieéeor Hste; 0 20" DL Weave ees eae sy anann SREY SY Hs Paes Mees (egy Sas Sow TENS Ts, Pow ne eiowre a am 22 pw oun pat RAPa Re Seed nome enw mywa Msye nba ove yi RP or mucha paste fap 93 woIsY NN 23 po Tony ARN CenP) MD 22 annaD DPR A TD OR wR TMM APE BE Binee one wpEes Dee Yd wa TATA. opty yp Psy ea TET np mp yO yy ATT ot were Be am mh eva oe peigna Dene we ony. 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If one has forgotten to remove it, one may, nonethe- loss, open the doar on Shabbath or Yom Tov, aslong ass the bell is not electrically operated. 49, a, Ibis forbidden to use an elevator on Shabbath or Yor. ‘Tov, unless all ofthe following conditions ave fulfilled: 1) the elevator operntes automatically, thatistosay it ‘goes up and down by itself at fixed intervals or continuously, levator stops by itself at the required floors, yhether by way of pressing buttons or otherwise; the doors open and cloge eutomatically, likewise without the need for any human interference, 4) no probibited actis involved in ent the elevator. (ee paragraph 63 bolo b. 1) There are some wha permit the use of an elevator only for ascending, and not for descending, even 1a) when all the above conditions are fulfilled or ') when the elevator is being operated by a none ‘Tow for his own purposes. 2) Their reasons are outlined in paragraph 60) ere are, however, eminent authorities who allow! 0 of an elevator (subject to the above conditions) even for descending. . One should nat touch the electrically operated door of aan elevator, either with one's hand or with one's body, shen it is about to close. (See paragraph 63 below.) . Ttis highly advisable ta publish, on every floor of the Housoheoping and Domest Facilities 2353, jons_on the use of the Yorn Tov, in order to avoid Shabbath or Yorn Tov stem from the way in which ‘most modern elevators operate. 2) The weight of the passengers can 18) cause the elevator to descend more quiclly and )) affect the amount of current passing through the motor, 3) Ibis argued that a’ use of an elevator for descending (subject to the conditions set out in paragraph 49a), 51. a, It is not permitted ta benefit from the transgression of ‘a dew who is operating an elevator on Sabbath or ‘Yor ‘Tov. , For the use of an elevator operated by a nonJew on Shabbath and Yorn Tov, see Chapter 90, paragraph bi. [BRCALATONS, AUTOMATIC BOOKS AND COMBINATION 90S 52.a.One may uso automatic escalators and moving sidewalke (pavements) that operate continuously orat fixed interval, b, One may not use them if they are put into motion by one's approach, 59, a. Itis prohibited, both on Shabbath and on Yom Tb, to pass through an electrically operated automatic door which is opened 1) by means of a photo-lectrie call or 2) when one treads on the floor in front of it. 1348)