Centroids and Moments of Inertia

Q x = y d A = yA

Q y = x d A = xA

J =r2 dA

J = Ix + Iy

1 3
bh
12
1 3
I y' =
b h
12
1
I x = bh 3
3
1
I y = b3h
3

x
x
b

I = I + Ad 2
1
bh 3
36
1 3
Ix =
bh
12

I x' =

h
x

h/3

x
b

1
bh(b 2 + h 2 )
12

y
r
C

I y = x2 d A

I x' =

JC =

Ix = y2 dA

4r/3

x
x

8 4

I x' =
r
8 9
1
Ix = Iy = r4
8
1
JO = r4
4

y
Ix =Iy =

r
O

JO =

1
r4
4

1
r4
2

1-D Stress Components

=
max

P
A

3V
rectangle
=
2A

max

My
I

4V
solid circle
=
3A

VQ
It

2V
thin
A
tube

max =

=
q=

Tr
J

H VQ
=
x
I

y
1
c

where y is measured from the neutral axis and c is the half-height of the beam (c = h/2)

3V
Shear stress distribution in a rectangle: =
2A

1-D Deformations

Axial Deformation: =

PL
AE

Torsional Deformation: =

P( x)
dx
AE

TL
JG

T ( x)
dx
JG
0

Power in a circular shaft: P = 2 f T

Thermal Strain: T = (T )
Unrestrained Change in Length of Rod due to Temperature Change: T = (T )L
is the coefficient of thermal expansion and T is the change in temperature from a
reference temperature

Relationships Between Stress and Strain

1

x y z
E
E
E
1

y = x + y z
E
E
E
1

z = x y + z
E
E
E

x =

= z
x
x

(Defined for uniaxial

stress in the x-direction)

G==

E
2(1 + )

E
(1 + )(1 2 )

xy =
yz =
xz =

xy
G

yz
G

xz
G

x = ( + 2G ) x + y + z
y = x + ( + 2G ) y + z
z = x + y + ( + 2G ) z
Plane stress (z = yz = zx= 0) :
E
E
x +
y
2
1
1 2
E
E
x +
y
y =
2
1
1 2

x =

z =

+y)