CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY

4.1. Measure:
The study constructs used for the current study were adapted from extant literature.
Five-point Likert scales were used to measure long work hours, training, low wages, and
turnover intentions. The back-translation method was used to translate into Turkish all the
items in the survey instrument, which were originally in English. The scales used for the
current study ranged from 1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly agree.

4.2. Research Method:

Quantitative research was done by asking questionnaires to the community in the
Kyrenia District. A quantitative approach will be utilized.

4.3. Quantitative Research:

According to (Golafshani 2003)36 Quantitative research allows the researcher to
familiarize him/herself with the problem or concept to be studied, and perhaps generate
hypotheses to be tested. Quantitative research seeks to quantify the collected data for
analyzing, and find a final course of the action. It is based on statistics, the objects are large
number of respondents and it is structured. With the help of quantitative research method, it is
easy to have a clear and scientific view on the opinions by having them on questionnaires and
analyze with SPSS, and to interview one or some of the employees about their thoughts does
not present all employees opinions; moreover, it is not possible to interview every employee
individually.

4.4. Sampling Method:

Based on the initial measurement items selection, a self-administered questionnaire

was developed as an instrument to measure residents attitudes towards specific aspects of
casino gambling as a form of tourism development. A pilot questionnaire was employed to
ensure that the research instrument as a whole functioned and operated well. Respondents
were asked to rate the degree to which they agreed or disagreed about casino gambling on a 5point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree), which has a prominent
application in most investigations into attitudes and perceptions (Bryman, 2004; Mason &
Cheyne, 2000)37. More than 200 questionnaires were distributed by different informants who
were natives of Kyrenia, university graduates, and proficient in the Turkish language. 217
completed questionnaires were collected and used for the purpose of data analysis. In general
this method of sampling is not unusual in social research for exploring perceptions towards
the gaming and tourism industry in particular (Sparks & Pan, 2009)38. In order to properly
address the research questions of interest and to obtain the most representative sample
possible, it was decided to distribute questionnaires to the residents from the Kyrenia district.
The survey was to be representative of both females and males; people of various age group;
people from different income groups; people with different qualifications.

4.5. Data collection:

Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of research study. Incorrect data
collection can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. Data
collection methods for impact evaluation vary along a continuum. At the one end of this
continuum are quantitative methods and at the other end of the continuum are Qualitative
methods for data collection.