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Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk

University

SOC757 Contemporary Social Theory


&

SOC757a Seminar to Contemporary


Social Theory
Graduate program in Sociology, spring 2014

Teacher:
Type of course:
Credits:

Radim Marada
Seminar (2-4 hours a week)
10 & 5 ECTS

Regular classes:

Wednesday, 11:30am-1pm
room U34
Fridays, 1:30-8:00pm (irregular, see schedule below)
room U34

Additional classes:
Teachers office hours:
E-mail:

Tuesdays, 1:30-3pm (room 3.67)


marada@fss.muni.cz

Assistance:

Bc. Zuzana Rvszov reveszova.zuzana@gmail.com


Mgr. et Mgr. Gbor Olh
olah@fss.muni.cz

Annotation:
The course introduces students into major paradigmatic areas of
contemporary social theory and sociological research. It mainly builds on
reading and discussing texts by selected sociological classics of the second
half of the 20th century and by renowned authors who draw on, develop, and
modify the classical traditions today. Understanding continuities and
discontinuities in contemporary social thought is one important aim of the
course. Therefore it includes examples of older classical texts that inspire the
present-day theories either as assigned readings or as presentations given
by individual students. In the main part of the course we focus, among others,
upon links between the micro and macro levels of social research and
analysis. In this way, the empirical relevance of abstract sociological
concepts is to be brought to light. Selected prominent issues in contemporary
social theory will be, in turn, discussed within paradigmatic theoretical
contexts introduced throughout the course.

Requirements
The classes are intended as seminars, rather than lectures. Particular attention
will be paid to students capacity to understand, reproduce and interpret
theoretical concepts and paradigms in empirical terms. . Students work
consists in:
Intensive reading of assigned texts and active participation in the class
discussions.
For each class, students prepare position papers, in which they
summarize major arguments of each of the assigned texts, identify
possible contradictions or confusions, and formulate their questions.
During the semester, each student will give two individual presentations
(20 minutes long) on selected theoretical texts which are not part of the
assigned reading but closely related to it.
By mid of the semester (before the reading week), each student will
have chosen a topic for her or his final essay. This topic has to be
consulted with and approved by the course teacher. Final essay is the
major outcome of the Seminar (SOC757a), and has to be submitted
by the end of the examination period at the latest.
Occasionally, students will be confronted with short interim tests
(multiple choice questions). These tests wont be announced in
advance.
The CST (SOC757) course is concluded by an extensive final test
(multiple choice questions).
Final evaluation criteria:
SOC757
-

attendance and preparation (position papers) (10%)

activity in the class

(10%)

quality of the oral presentations

(10%)

excellence of the final essay

(20%)

points collected in the interim and final tests

(50%)

SOC757a
-

attendance and preparation (position papers) (10%)

activity in the class (%)

(20%)

quality of the oral presentations

(20%)

excellence of the final essay

(50%)

Schedule of classes
(Should any change occur in the assigned reading or in the sequence of
classes during the semester, students will be notified well ahead.)

BLOCK I: Theory as Method introduction


19. 2. 2014

1.

Introduction to the course

clarification of organizational issues: scheduling and overall


design of the course, rules of attendance and class discussions,
tasks and requirements, expectations of the teacher
the content and purpose of the course
recapitulation of the students sociological knowledge
acquired so far

Assigned readings:
o Sztompka, Piotr. 2004. Shaping Sociological Imagination: The
Importance of Theory. In: Alexander, J. C., Marx, G. T. & Williams,
C. L. [eds.] Self, Social Structure, and beliefs. Explorations in
Sociology. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press (pp. 254267). _13 pages
o Seidman, Steven. 1991. The End of Sociological Theory: The
Postmodern Hope. In: Sociological Theory, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Autumn,
1991), pp. 131-146. _15 pages
o Alexander, Jeffrey C. 1991. Sociological Theory and the Claim to
Reason: Why the End is Not in Sight. In: Sociological Theory, Vol.
9, No. 2 (Autumn, 1991), pp. 147-153. _7 pages
64 pages o Turner: 1-15, 281-295 _29 pages
26. 2. 2014

2.

The old and the new rules of sociological method

social fact and sociological explanation(s)


causality in social world and in sociological explanation
social phenomena and the nature of relations between them
genetic and functional type of explanation
structure vs. agency
Homo Sociologicus as Homo Interpretans
Assigned readings:
o Durkheim, mile. 1982 (1895). The Rules of Sociological Method.
New York: Free Press. (Chapter 5) _28 pages
o Giddens, Anthony. 1994 (1976). New Rules of Sociological
Method. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. (Introduction, Conclusion) _21 pages
106 pages o Turner: 19-76 _57 pages

BLOCK II: Old-New Trends in Sociology


(With Durkheim against Durkheim)
5. 3. 2014

3.

Is sociology as science possible?

Action-Network Theory and Analytical sociology


Disappearance of the social in the lived world and its
preservation in sociology (the problem of realism)
The end of the social in sociology and its preservation in the
lived world (the problem with nominalism)
Analytical reification of the social world
Causal explanation in social sciences
Social mechanism vs. social machinery (cogs, wheels, fuel)
Assigned readings:
o Latour, Bruno. 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to
Actor-Network Theory. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. (pp.
141-156, 1-42, 159-164, 247-262) _85 pages
Latour, Bruno: The Politics of Explanation: An Alternative.
In S. Woolgar, Steve (ed.). Knowledge and Reflexivity: New
Frontiers in the Sociology of Knowledge. London: Sage. _22 pages
o
Hedstrm, Peter & Bearman, Peter. What Is Analytical Sociology
All About? An Introductory Essay. In: Hedstrm, Peter &
Bearman, Peter. 2009. The Oxford handbook of Analytical
Sociology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. (str. 3-23) _20 pages
177 pages o Turner: 141-194 _53 pages
7. 3. 2014 (Friday, 1:30-3:30pm)

Seminar 1 Individual presentations

Texts to be presented:
o
Seidman, Steven: The End of Sociological Theory: The
Postmodern Hope & Alexander, Jeffrey C.: Sociological Theory
and the Claim to Reason: Why the End is Not in Sight. In:
Sociological Theory, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Autumn, 1991), pp. 131-153. (21 pages)
o
Knorr Cetina, Karin: Sociality with Objects: Social Relations in
Postsocial Knowledge Societies. In: Theory, Culture and Society.
14(4), 1997. (34 pages)
o
Aakvaag, Gunnar C. Social Mechanisms and Grand Theories of
Modernity Worlds Apart? (manuscript) (24 pages)

12. 3. 2014

4.

Cultural sociology: The Strong Program, its sources and allies


What is and what is not cultural sociology
Phenomenology and symbolic interactionism
Representations: collective, social, cultural
Perception and apperception: frames, codes, schemes etc.
Assigned readings:

Alexander, Jeffrey C. & Smith, Philip: The Strong Program in


Cultural Sociology: Elements of a Structural Hermeneutics. In:
Alexander, Jeffrey C. 2003. The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural
Sociology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pp. 11-26) _15 pages
o
Schutz, Alfred. Foundations of a Theory of Inter-Subjective
Understanding. In: Schutz, Alfred. 1967. The Phenomenology of
the Social World. Boston, MA: Northwestern University Press, (pp.
97-138). _41 pages
Zerubavel, Eviatar. 1997. Social Mindscapes: An Invitation
to Cognitive Sociology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press. (pp. 68-80 Social Meanings) _12 pages
o
Turner: 199-232, 378-389 _44 pages
Individual presentation
o
Zerubavel, Eviatar. 1997. Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to
Cognitive Sociology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
(pp. 35-67 The Social gates of Consciousness & The Social
112 pages Division of the World) 32 pages
o

14. 3. 2014 (Friday, 4:00-8:00pm)

Seminar 2 Individual presentations


Assigned readings (all):
Zerubavel, Eviatar. 1997. Social Mindscapes: An Invitation
to Cognitive Sociology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press. (pp. 81-99 Social Memories)
Alexander, J. C. & Mast, J.: Introduction: symbolic action
in theory and practice: the cultural pragmatics of symbolic
action In: Alexander, J. C. & Giesen, B. & Mast, J. L. [eds.]
2006. Social Performance: Symbolic Action, Cultural
Pragmatics, and Ritual. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.
Texts to be presented:
o
Alexander, J. C.: Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity. In:
Alexander, Jeffrey C. 2003. The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural
Sociology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (22 pages)
o
Smelser, Neil J.: Psychological Trauma and Cultural Trauma. In:
Alexander, Jeffrey C. 2003. The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural
Sociology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (28 pages)
o
Alexander, J. C.: Cultural pragmatics: social performance
between ritual and strategy. In: Alexander, J. C. & Giesen, B. &
Mast, J. L. [eds.] 2006. Social Performance: Symbolic Action,
Cultural Pragmatics, and Ritual. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press. (41 pages)
o
Alexander, Jeffrey C. 2007. Iconic consciousness: the material
feeling of meaning. In: Environment and Planning D: Society and
Space, volume 26. (12 pages)

BLOCK III: Modernity disenchanted and re-enchanted


19. 3. 2014

5.

Elementary Forms of Collectivization


Fin-de-sicle and de-modernization of modernity

Continuity in discontinuity
Collective effervescence and collective emotions
From ritual to performance
From emblems to icons
General sociological theory of religion
Assigned readings:
o Durkheim, mile. 1965 (1912). The Elementary Forms of Religious
Life. New York: Free Press. (Book II, chapter 7: pp. 235-272) _37 pages
o Durkheim, mile. 1965 (1912). The Elementary Forms of Religious
72 pages Life. New York: Free Press. (Conclusion) _35 pages
21. 3. 2014 (Friday, 4:00-8:00pm)

Seminar 3 Individual presentations I


Texts to be presented:
o Geertz, Clifford. Religion As a Cultural System In: Geertz,
Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York, NY: Basic
Books.
o Giesen, Bernhard: Performing the Sacred: a Durkheimian
perspective on the performative turn in the social sciences. In:
Alexander, J. C. & Giesen, B. & Mast, J. L. [eds.] 2006. Social
Performance: Symbolic Action, Cultural Pragmatics, and Ritual.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. (35 pages)
o
Bell, Daniel. 1976. Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. (selected
chapters) (38 pages)
o
Sennett, Richard. 2006. The Culture of the New Capitalism. New
Haven, CT: Yale University Press (pp. 1-83+) (83+pages)
Discussion of the seminar project (final essay) topics
26. 3. 2014

6.

Protestant Ethics and its Erosion

Ontology and methodology: empirical fact as a function of


question
Substructure and superstructure
The problem of motivation of social action: incentives vs.
rationalizations
Unintended effect of action
Building a sociological argument
First metaphor: steel shell (iron cage) vs. liquid modernity
Sociological analyses of capitalism as culture (from Weber to
Boltanski and Chiapello): transformation of the capitalist spirit
and the role of critique

Assigned readings:
o Weber, Max. 2002 (1905). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of
Capitalism. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers. (pp. 3-50, 103-125) _70 pages
o Boltanski, Luc & Chiapello, Eve. The New Spirit of Capitalism
96 pages (conference paper) _26 pages

2. 4. 2014

7.

Reading week (no classes)

During the reading week, students will study the following text:
Wagner, Peter. 1994. A Sociology of Modernity: Liberty and Discipline.
Routledge: London. _240 pages
While reading the text, pay specific attention to the following issues:
The concept of modernization: the origins of modernity and its evolution
(3 stages)
Major characteristics of the three stages/modes of modernity (in what
do they differ from one another)
i. The character of major institutions and the nature of
authority
ii. The experience of collective belonging (class and class
conflict, nation, ethnicity, etc.)
iii. Bases and formations of social identities and self-identities
Respective changes in the sociological conceptualization of modernity
The dialectics of emancipation and disciplination in modern times

BLOCK IV: Modernity and its Critiques


9. 4. 2014

8.

Structural critique: modernity as matrix

- Social construction and sociological reconstruction


- Autonomy vs. alienation: conditions and barriers of emancipation
- Recognition vs. reification: conditions and barriers of sociability
- The problem of authenticity
Assigned readings:
o Wagner, Peter. 1994. A Sociology of Modernity: Liberty and
Discipline. Routledge: London. (see the reading week)
o Marx, Karl. The Fetishism of Commodities. In: Marx, Karl. 2000.
Selected writings [edited by David McLellan]. Oxford, UK: Oxford
University Press. _9 pages
o Horkheimer, Max. (1937). Traditional and Critical Theory. In:
Horkheimer, Max. 2002. Critical Theory: Selected Essays. New York,
NY: The Continuum Publishing Company (str. 187-254) _77 pages
118 pages o Turner: 124-139, 321-338 (may be changed) _32 pages
11. 4. 2014 (Friday, 3:15-4:45pm; room U44)

9.

Cultural critique: sociological diagnoses of societal ills

- From anxiety through opportunism to narcissism


- Personality culture social environment
- Clinical and pathological narcissism
- The formation of concepts in social sciences
Assigned readings:
o Lasch, Christopher: The Narcissistic Personality of Our Time a
The Socialization of Reproduction and the Collapse of
Authority. In: Lasch, Christopher. 1979. The Culture of Narcissism:
American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations. New York:
W.W. Norton & Company. (str. 31-51, 154-186) _52 pages
o Riesman, David. Lonely Crowd (first two chapters) _65 pages

159 pages o Turner: 251-278, 477-492

_42 pages

16. 4. 2014 and/or 18. 4. 2014

Seminar 4 individual presentations of the seminar projects


23. 4. 2014 and/or 25. 4. 2014

Seminar 5 individual presentations of the seminar projects


30. 4. 2014

10.

Modernization as social differentiation: the problem of


social-cultural inclusion

Assigned readings:
o Parsons, Talcott. 1971. The System of Modern Societies.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, inc. (pp. 51-121) _70 pages

o Marx, Karl. On the Jewish Question. In: Marx, Karl. 2000.


Selected writings [edited by David McLellan]. Oxford, UK: Oxford
University Press. _24 pages
o Alexander, Jeffrey C.: Core Solidarity, Ethnic Outgroup, and
Social Differentiation. In: Alexander, Jeffrey C. 1988. Action and
its Environments. Toward a New Synthesis. New York: Columbia
University Press. _22 pages
133 pages o Turner: 106-123 _17 pages

BLOCK V: Modern Forms of Collective Socialization


2. 5. 2014 (Friday, 1:30-4:00pm)

11.

Modern corporeality and collective identity: ethnicity and


sexuality

Assigned readings:
o Brubaker, Rogers & Loveman, Mara & Stamatov, Peter: Ethnicity
as Cognition. In: Theory and Society, 33, 2004 (str. 31-64) _33 pages
o Taylor, Charles. TBA
o Foucault, Michel. 1980. The History of Sexuality, vol. 1. New York:
Vintage. _164 pages
211 pages o Turner: 124-138 _14 pages
7. 5. 2014

12.

Class and generation: models of sociological inquiry

Assigned readings:
o Bourdieu, Pierre. 1990. The Logic of Practice. Stanford, CA:
Stanford University Press. (pp. 52-65, 112-133) 13 + 21 = 34 pages
o Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the
Judgement of Taste. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
(pp. 97-168, 466-484) 71 + 18 = 89 pages
o Mannheim, Karl. 1964. The Problem of Generations. In: Essays on
the Sociology of Knowledge. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
(pp. 276-320) _44 pages
191 pages o Turner: 83-102 _19 pages
14. 5. 2014

13.

Social science as management of uncertainty: the nature of


objectivity of the sociological inquiry
Assigned readings:
o Weber, Max: texts TBA

o Turner: str. 551-563

_12 pages

Literature:
o
o
o

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Alexander, Jeffrey C. 1988. Action and its Environments. Toward a New


Synthesis. New York: Columbia University Press.
Alexander, Jeffrey C. 2003. The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural
Sociology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Alexander, J. C., Marx, G. T. & Williams, C. L. [eds.] 2004. Self, Social
Structure, and beliefs. Explorations in Sociology. Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press.
Alexander, J.C. & Giesen, B. & Mast, J. L. 2006. Social Performance:
Symbolic Action, Cultural Pragmatics, and Ritual. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press.
Alexander, Jeffrey C. & Bartmanski, Dominik & Giesen, Bernhard. 2012.
Iconic Power: Materiality and meaning in Social Life. New York, NY:
Palgrave/MacMillan.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture.
London: SAGE Publications
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of
Taste. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1990. The Logic of Practice. Stanford, CA: Stanford
University Press.
Brubaker, Rogers & Cooper, Frederick. 2000. Beyond Identity. In: Theory
and Society. 29/2000.
Brubaker, Rogers & Loveman, Mara & Stamatov, Peter: Ethnicity as
Cognition. In: Theory and Society, 33, 2004
Corsten, Michael. 2004. The Time of Generations. In: Time and Society,
Vol. 8(2)
Durkheim, mile. 1982 (1895). The Rules of Sociological Method. New York:
Free Press.
Durkheim, mile. 1965 (1912). The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New
York: Free Press.
Eyerman, Ron & Turner, Bryan S. 1998. Outline of a Theory of
Generations. In: European Journal of Social Theory. 1; 91 (pp. 91-106)
Foucault, Michel. 1980. The History of Sexuality, vol. 1. New York: Vintage.
Giddens, Anthony. 1994 (1976). New Rules of Sociological Method.
Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Giddens, Anthony. 1986. The Constitution of Society. Cambridge, UK:
Polity Press.
Goffman, Erving. 1986. Frame Analysis. Boston: Northeastern University
Press.
Hedstrm, Peter & Bearman, Peter. The Oxford Handbook of Analytical
Sociology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Lasch, Christopher. 1979. The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an
Age of Diminishing Expectations. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Latour, Bruno. 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to ActorNetwork Theory. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Mannheim, Karl. 1964. The Problem of Generations. In: Essays on the


Sociology of Knowledge. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Marx, Karl. 2000. Selected writings [edited by David McLellan]. Oxford,
UK: Oxford University Press.
Parsons, Talcott. 1971. The System of Modern Societies. Englewood Cliffs,
NJ: Prentice-Hall, inc.
Taylor, Charles. 1994. Multiculturalism: examining the politics of
recognition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Wagner, Peter. 1994. A Sociology of Modernity: Liberty and Discipline.
Routledge: London.
Weber, Max. 2002. The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism.
Oxford: Blackwell.
Zerubavel, Eviatar. 1997. Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to Cognitive
Sociology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Zerubavel, Eviatar. 1985. Hidden Rhythms: schedules and calendars in
social life. University of California Press.
Zerubavel, Eviatar. 1993. The Fine Line: Making Distinctions in Everyday
Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Turner, Bryan. 2009. New Blackwell Companion to Social Theory. Oxford,
UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

Literature for individual presentations


First presentations:
o

o
o

Latour, Bruno: The Politics of Explanation: An Alternative. In S.


Woolgar, Steve (ed.). Knowledge and Reflexivity: New Frontiers in
the Sociology of Knowledge. London: Sage.
Knorr Cetina, Karin: Sociality with Objects: Social Relations in
Postsocial Knowledge Societies. In: Theory, Culture and Society.
14(4), 1997.
Aakvaag, Gunnar C. Social Mechanisms and Grand Theories of
Modernity Worlds Apart? (manuscript)
Hedstrm, Peter: Social Mechanisms and Explanatory Theory.
In: Hedstrm, Peter. 2005. Dissecting the Social. On the Principles
of Analytical Sociology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Press.
Elster, Jon: Introduction: the two problems of social order. In:
Elster, Jon. 1989. The Cement of Society. A Study of Social Order.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Elster, Jon. 1989. Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. (str. 3-29, 91-123)
Zerubavel, Eviatar. 1997. Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to
Cognitive Sociology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
(pp. 35-67 The Social gates of Consciousness & The Social
Division of the World)
Zerubavel, Eviatar. 1997. Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to
Cognitive Sociology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
(pp. 81-99 Social Memories)
Coser, Lewis A.: Introduction. Maurice Halbwachs. In:
Halbwachs, Maurice. 1992. On Collective Memory. Chicago, Il:
The University of Chicago Press.
Alexander, J. C.: Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity. In:
Alexander, Jeffrey C. 2003. The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural
Sociology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Smelser, Neil J.: Psychological Trauma and Cultural Trauma. In:
Alexander, Jeffrey C. 2003. The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural
Sociology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Alexander, J. C. & Mast, J.: Introduction: symbolic action in
theory and practice: the cultural pragmatics of symbolic action
In: Alexander, J. C. & Giesen, B. & Mast, J. L. [eds.] 2006. Social
Performance: Symbolic Action, Cultural Pragmatics, and Ritual.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Giesen, Bernhard: Performing the Sacred: a Durkheimian
perspective on the performative turn in the social sciences. In:

o
o

Alexander, J. C. & Giesen, B. & Mast, J. L. [eds.] 2006. Social


Performance: Symbolic Action, Cultural Pragmatics, and Ritual.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Alexander, J. C.: Cultural pragmatics: social performance
between ritual and strategy. In: Alexander, J. C. & Giesen, B. &
Mast, J. L. [eds.] 2006. Social Performance: Symbolic Action,
Cultural Pragmatics, and Ritual. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.
Alexander, Jeffrey C. 2007. Iconic consciousness: the material
feeling of meaning. In: Environment and Planning D: Society and
Space, volume 26.
Alexander, Jeffrey C. 2008. Iconic Experience in Art and Life
Surface/Depth Beginning with Giacomettis Standing Woman.
In: Theory, Culture & Society, volume 25(5).
Geertz, Clifford: Religion As a Cultural System. In: Geertz,
Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York, NY: Basic
Books.
Geertz, Clifford: Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory
of Culture. In: Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of
Cultures. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Goffman, Erving. 1986. Frame Analysis. Boston: Northeastern
University Press. (str. 560-576, 21-82)
Moscovici, Serge. 2000. Social Representations: Explorations in
Social Psychology. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. (str. 18-54, 54-77)

Second presentations (will be extended):


o Bell, Daniel. 1976. Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. ()
o Boltanski, Luc & Chiapello, Eve. 2005. The New Spirit of Capitalism.
New York: Verso. (pp. 3-22, 57-99)
o Sennett, Richard. 2006. The Culture of the New Capitalism. New
Haven, CT: Yale University Press (pp. 1-83+)
o Brubaker, Rogers & Cooper, Frederick. 2000. Beyond Identity. In:
Theory and Society. 29/2000. (str. 1-47)
o Fenton, Steve. 2010. Ethnicity. Cambridge, UK: Polity. (pp. 1-50)
o Fenton, Steve. 2010. Ethnicity. Cambridge, UK: Polity. (pp. 51-114)
o Gans, Herbert J. 1979. Symbolic ethnicity: The future of ethnic
groups and cultures in America. In: Ethnic and Racial Studies,
2:1.
o Corsten, Michael. 2004. The Time of Generations. In: Time and
Society, Vol. 8(2) (pp. 249-272)

o Eyerman, Ron & Turner, Bryan S. 1998. Outline of a Theory of


Generations. In: European Journal of Social Theory. 1; 91 (pp. 91106)
o Giesen, Bernhard.
o Nora, Pierre: Generations.

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