An insiders look

at Greenpeace
collaborations in forest
regions around the world

www.greenpeace.ca

Forest
Solutions

Forest Solutions

An insiders look at Greenpeace collaborations

in forest regions around the world

Author: Stephanie Goodwin

Editors: Richard Brooks, Catharine Grant, Shane Moffatt, Eduardo Sousa, Nicolas Mainville
Published by Greenpeace Canada
March 2014
ISBN 978-0-9877581-3-2

Greenpeace is an independent, nonprofit, global campaigning organization that uses peaceful,

creative confrontation to expose global environmental problems and their causes. We challenge
government and industry to halt harmful practices. We negotiate solutions, conduct scientific
research, introduce clean alternatives, and educate and engage the public.

www.greenpeace.ca
33 Cecil Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1N1
454 Laurier East, 3rd floor, Montral, Quebec, H2J 1E7
1726 Commercial Drive, Vancouver, British Columbia V5N 4A3
6238 104 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 2K9
1 800 320-7183

Credits
Cover photo: Markus Mauthe/Greenpeace / Page 4: Map Global Forest Watch / Page 6: Map Global Forest
Watch, Forest Markus Mauthe/Greenpeace / Page 7: 2006 Announcement Jeremiah Armstrong / Page 8: Map
Global Forest Watch, Forest Andrew Male/Greenpeace / Page 9: Terrace Bay Mill: Andrew Male/Greenpeace /
Page 10: Map Grand Council of the Crees, Teepee & Cree elders Jrmie Legrain / Page 12: Children in
Canoe - Will Rose/Greenpeace, Map Global Forest Watch, Oil Palm John Novis/Greenpeace / Page 13:
Tiger Paul Hilton/Greenpeace / Page 14: Map Global Forest Watch, Soy Plantation Karla Gachet Panos/
Greenpeace / Page 15: Soy Moratorium Rodrigo Baleia/Greenpeace / Page 16: 2008 Great Bear Roundtable
Jens Wieting / Page 17: 2013 Great Bear Roundtable Oliver Salge/Greenpeace / Page 18: Big Trees - Camille
Eriksson, Clearcuts Garth Lenz / Page 19: Woodpile Gordon Welters/Greenpeace / Page 20: FSC wood Paul
Langrock / Page 21: First Nations canoe Stephanie Goodwin/Greenpeace / Page 22: Greenpeace with Brazilian
indigenous leaders David Cleary

table of contents
Introduction /p.4
Pathway to Solutions /p.5
Role of customers in forest solutions /p.5
Forest Solutions /p.6
Forest Laggards /p.18
Conclusion /p.22
Endnotes /p.23

FOREST SOLUTIONS

Greenpeace Forest
Solutions
For customers and investors of Canadian logging companies, the Greenpeace Forest
Solutions Bulletin provides an insiders look at Greenpeace collaborations with forest
products companies that are producing on-the-ground change that the marketplace
is demanding, can rely on and reward. If you are investigating greener products,
developing or strengthening a procurement policy, or seeking real-time collaborative
solutions this publication provides you with concrete examples that translate to
business stability and a secure supply chain.

GREENPEACE FOREST COLLABORATIONS WORLDWIDE

Role of customers in achieving

solutions for "Endangered Forests"

PATHWAY FOR SOLUTIONS

Greenpeace has a minimum standard for
collaboration. With the urgency of species loss
and climate change, we collectively do not have
the time to engage in processes that do not
achieve meaningful tangible results. Our standard
includes upholding measurable and transparent
commitments, strong work plans and active
cooperation. The following specific steps for
achieving lasting forest solutions allow regional
flexibility and are what we believe any operator
should be able and want to achieve.3

Intact forests are critical for the conservation of biodiversity,

mitigation of and adaptation to climate change, and the
preservation of essential ecological services such as water
and air filtration.1 Healthy forests are also a key component
to resilient communities and sustainable economies,
including a stable supply of forest products. With less than
20% of the planets original forests remaining, protecting
these Endangered Forest areas is one of the most
pressing environmental challenges facing us today.2
While a model for forest protection that yields on-the-ground
results does not exist in all forest ecosystems and supply
areas, successful models of collaboration do exist across
many jurisdictions. Partnerships led by Greenpeace, such as
the Great Bear Rainforest Agreements, the Soy Moratorium
in the Brazilian Amazon Biome and the Golden AgriResources Agreement in Indonesia, are delivering lasting
solutions for forests.
Forest products customers have been, and continue to be,
a key part of these solutions for forests and to the creation
of a sustainable supply of conflict free forest products.
As we address the threats to Endangered Forests,
Greenpeace invites logging companies and their
customers to work collaboratively within meaningful
timeframes to secure their protection while supporting
sustainable economic development. Only together can
we create solutions that meet the interests of the forest,
communities and the marketplace.

Suspend logging in Endangered Forest areas

to create space for conservation planning

Seek out First Nations conservation

proposals, recognize Rights and Title,
respect internationally recognized rights
to consent

Collaborate with stakeholders on robust

conservation and protected areas plans
that achieve ecosystem resilience based
on leading independent science

Share and seek approval from aboriginal

and provincial governments

Implement plan recommendations on

the ground

Achieve legal implementation of

recommendations and FSC verification

Recommended steps
for customers

Develop or review
current procurement
policy, ensuring
it effectively
meets ecological
requirements,
respects indigenous
Rights and Title
and is time bound
and measurable.
Greenpeace
has expertise to
assist those in the
development stage.

Examine your supply

chain to identify
products from
Endangered Forest
areas and other
excluded products.
Stop purchases of
these products.

Ensure suppliers
immediately suspend
operations in
Endangered Forest
areas and end illegal
logging.

Confirm suppliers
will undertake
conservation planning
with Greenpeace
that includes a
comprehensive
network of protected
areas and responsible
management
practices based on
independent science.

If your suppliers do
not comply, move
your business to
more responsible
companies.

Once conservation
plans are
implemented, reward
your suppliers with
enhanced business
relationships.

FOREST SOLUTIONS

In the spotlight:
Greenpeace collaboration in British
Columbias Great Bear Rainforest

Canada is home to the 6.4 million hectare (15 million acre)

Great Bear Rainforest, which represents one of the largest
tracts of intact temperate rainforest remaining on the planet.
The conservation and human well-being initiative in the region,
known as the Great Bear Rainforest Agreements, is widely
acknowledged as a global model for collaborative solutions to
environmental conflict.
In the 1990s, destructive logging and an unresponsive forest
industry resulted in protests, blockades and international
market campaigns. These led to major wood and paper buyers
cancelling their contracts or steering clear of products from the
region. In 2000, calls from the marketplace for resolution led a
coalition of environmental organizations, including Greenpeace,
and an alliance of forestry companies to form the Joint
Solutions Project (JSP) as a means to collaboratively work
towards solutions. As part of the project, forest companies
suspended logging activity in 100 key intact rainforest valleys
and environmental organizations suspended do not buy
markets campaigns to allow space for the development of
independent science and multi-lateral land use planning
solutions. A collaborative process to permanently resolve the
conflicts in the region had begun.

An independent science team conducted the most

comprehensive analysis of these globally significant forests
ever undertaken. The team developed the Ecosystem-Based
Management Handbook, which guides implementation of the
Agreements to achieve low ecological risk to the forest as a
whole (expressed through 70% conservation of natural levels
of old growth forest), and high levels of human well-being.4 This
work is a global first especially on this scale.
On February 7, 2006 the Great Bear Rainforest Agreements
were announced to the world over two million hectares (five
million acres) of forest, representing one-third of the region,
was permanently protected from industrial logging in a suite of
legislated and regulated protected areas. The remaining twothirds became subject to improved logging practices, to allow
for viable economies, as set out through Ecosystem-Based
Management.5 These new logging rules resulted in 50% of the
natural old growth areas of the forest being off-limits to logging
a significant step towards the goal of achieving low ecological
risk to the regions forests.6 Today, approximately 850,000
hectares (2.1 million acres) of forest is FSC-certified.7

Problem: Destructive logging, species at risk and

outstanding indigenous Rights and Title
In addition, $120 million CAD was raised for First Nations
communities to enable sustainable economic diversification
and conservation management programs.
The last steps to reach the original Agreements
conservation and community well-being goals remain
outstanding. Specifically, with forest companies and
environmental organizations having now agreed to a
pathway to boost conservation of old-growth areas to low
ecological risk, and governments must now act on those
recommendations by legally enacting the changes to logging
regulations. Nonetheless, the solution under development
in the Great Bear Rainforest provides a model for other
conflicted forest regions. The collaboration between the
parties has so far led to a stable and controversy-free supply
of forest products to the global marketplace.
Customers of products originating from this region were
key to success by encouraging and, at times, demanding
change. This engagement continues to create the
willingness among stakeholders to collaboratively work
together with decision-makers over the past 12 years.

Collaborators: Greenpeace, environmental partners,

Interfor, Western Forest Products, BC Timber Sales,
Howe Sound Pulp and Paper, Catalyst Paper
Governments: First Nations, British Columbia
provincial government
Area: 6.4 million hectares (15.8 million acres),
coastal temperate rainforest
Solution: Legally implemented protected areas
and improved logging regulations based on
independent science
Next Step: Logging regulations amended
by governments that increase levels of
conservation from 50% currently to achieve low
ecological risk to old-growth ecosystems

FOREST SOLUTIONS

In the spotlight:
Greenpeace collaboration in Ontarios
Ogoki-Kenogami "Endangered Forest"
In Ontario, at nearly 2 million hectares (5 million acres),
the Ogoki-Kenogami Endangered Forest area lies at the
northern extent of the managed forest landscape. This
Endangered Forest has significant High Conservation
Value due to the presence of threatened caribou herds and
wolverine, its nationally significant level of intactness, high
levels of carbon stored in its soils, elevated presence of
wetlands, river and lakes, and its proximity to an existing
large protected area.9
These forests supply the Terrace Bay pulp mill, recently
purchased by rayon manufacturer Grasim Industries (BSE:
500300, NSE: GRASIM), a subsidiary of the multinational
Aditya Birla Group. A new company, AV Terrace Bay, has
been created to manage the mill.

In early 2013, Greenpeace and AV Terrace Bay formally

agreed to collaborate to achieve business certainty and
ecosystem protection. The partners are developing a
conservation plan for the Ogoki-Kenogami forests with the
objectives of achieving:
The ecological integrity of the forests, including the protection
of High Conservation Values and the recovery of caribou.
A sustainable, reliable and conflict-free supply of timber to
support the social and economic well-being of local
communities and AV Terrace Bay.
This conservation plan when completed will be
recommended to the Ontario government and First Nations
governments for implementation.

This planning exercise is a proactive effort to resolve long standing

controversy over forest practices in the region. The project envisages
marketplace and public certainty by developing a conservation package
that enjoys broad support and can be implemented by regulatory
agencies. While the planning occurs, there is a commitment by the
company to not source wood from forest areas of High Conservation
Values. In turn, Greenpeace agrees to communicate about the
collaboration to the marketplace and not engage in any do not buy
campaigns against the company.
The partners recognize that governments have the responsibility for land
use decisions and that First Nations governments are decision-makers
within their traditional territory. A number of First Nations communities
traditional territories overlap with the Ogoki-Kenogami Endangered Forest
but historically have been excluded from decision-making in these areas.
Conservation plans will be developed by September 2014 and advanced
in a manner that recognizes ultimate legal responsibility and authority rest
collaboratively with First Nations and the Ontario government.

Problem: Historic unsustainable

logging and First Nations exclusion
from decision making in their
traditional territories
Collaborators: AV Terrace Bay
(Aditya Birla) and Greenpeace
Governments: First Nations,
Ontario Government
Area: 2 million hectares
(5 million acres), Boreal Forest
Solution: Legally implemented
conservation plan
Next Step: Creation of conservation
plan based on independent science

10

FOREST SOLUTIONS

In the spotlight:
Collaboration in Mishigamish, Broadback Valley
"Endangered Forest" in Quebec
By Paul Gull, Chief of Waswanipi Cree Nation and Steven Blacksmith, Director of Natural Resources, Waswanipi Cree Nation

The traditional traplines of the Cree First Nation of Waswanipi

are located in Northern Quebec above the 49th parallel. These
Cree ancestral lands are home to some of our communitys
last unspoiled and untouched forest and Quebecs last
intact ecosystems rich in biodiversity. Known to the Crees as
Mishigamish, which means big ocean in the Cree language, this
land mass which is part of the Broadback Valley Endangered
Forest is in desperate need for permanent protection.

and the ecological values of its wildlife. The protection of

this area not only guarantees the safety and health of
these valuable biodiverse areas, but also contributes
to the protection of the Cree peoples way of life.
The community takes pride in our language, cultural
practices, and traditional territory and we continually
seek to protect it in all endeavours we undertake.

The Cree Nation of Waswanipi with the assistance of

Greenpeace have asked the Quebec government to place
restraint on further destruction of this beautiful area and
encourage them to protect the wildlife and remaining old growth
forest. These much needed conservation efforts will not only
include the protection of wildlife for their intrinsic value but
also guarantee continued Cree traditional practices such as
hunting, fishing and trapping.Cree hunting leaders (tallymen)
remain active in living from the land, guarding and protecting
it from destructive commercial practices. As stewards of the
land, they seek to safeguard it based on cultural practices,

Cree lands already have thousands of kilometers of

forestry roads crisscrossing and disturbing its natural flow.
Logging roads create access and an increased presence
of wolves, the natural predator of the Woodland Caribou,
a species listed as threatened within Canada.Increasing
logging and forestry operations are quickly approaching the
Mishigamish area, and the Cree First Nation of Waswanipi
does not want further upheaval of the remaining forest and
wildlife. We will continue our campaign and efforts to find
solutions and protect this resource.

11

Problem: Destructive logging, expansive road network

Leaders: Cree Nation of Waswanipi and Grand Council of the Crees, Greenpeace supporting
Governments: First Nations, Quebec Government
Total Area of Broadback Valley Endangered Forest: 2.3 million hectares (5.6 million acres), Boreal Forest
Total Area of Cree Watershed Plan: 2.1 million hectares (5.2 million acres)
Total area of existing and Cree proposed Protected Areas: 1.3 million hectares (3.2 million acres)
Solution: Legally implement Cree Watershed Plan10
Next Step: Logging companies suspend operations throughout the entire Broadback Valley "Endangered Forest"

Furthermore, the Cree First Nation of Waswanipi is asking for your

support today by any means possible. You are strongly encouraged
to contact the Quebec government by letter or email and state
your support of this urgent and pressing issue by requesting a ban
on further logging of the Broadback Valley and implementation of
conservation efforts immediately.
On behalf of the members of the Cree First Nation, our
community would like to extend its thanks and appreciation to
the Greenpeace team, and our volunteers with this undertaking.

12

FOREST SOLUTIONS

13

In the spotlight:
Greenpeace collaboration in Indonesias Rainforests
Palm oil plantations have expanded rapidly over the
past two decades in Indonesia, clearing large swathes
of natural rainforest, destroying critical peatland areas
and leading to large greenhouse gas emissions from
deforestation.11
Following an international campaign and palm oil
customer pressure against deforestation and peatland
clearance, Indonesias largest palm oil producer, Golden
Agri-Resources (GAR) committed to an ambitious Forest
Conservation Policy to prevent deforestation from taking
place in its palm oil operations.12 This policy includes a
commitment to conserve areas identified as having High
Conservation Values (HCV) and peat, regardless of depth,
and not to develop areas with High Carbon Stocks (HCS).

Identifying HCS is not simple and GAR has worked closely

with both the global forestry consultancy group The
Forest Trust (TFT) and Greenpeace on an innovative and
robust identification methodology.13 GAR is now working
to roll out its Forest Conservation Policy work with local
communities and governments to conserve forested areas
in all concessions that it is currently developing, beginning
with PT Kartika Prima Cipta (KPC) in West Kalimantan.
As the GAR policy is global in scope it will also be
implemented in the companys operations in Liberia.
Providing the policy is successfully implemented, it would
set a strong example for future oil palm development
in Africa and for how companies and environmental
organizations can work together for forest conservation.

Problem: Deforestation, loss of endangered species habitat, large greenhouse gas emissions
Collaborators: Greenpeace, palm oil producer Golden Agri- Resources and others
Area: Indonesia Rainforest

14

FOREST SOLUTIONS

In the spotlight:
Greenpeace collaboration in Brazils
Amazon Rainforest

A decade ago, rising international demand for soya led

farmers to expand Amazon deforestation to make room
for increased soya cultivation.14 In 2006, Greenpeace
published an investigation into the soya supply chains of
leading international food companies linking them to the
destruction of the Amazon rainforest for soya.15 Motivated
to reduce their exposure to an unsustainable commodity,
leading international companies including McDonalds
joined us in catalyzing the formation of an alliance of food
producers, supermarkets and fast-food chains and other civil
society organizations, including Greenpeace, to call for and
implement a solution.

Responding to the customer pressure that followed,

the major soya traders operating in Brazil announced a
moratorium on further deforestation, which came into
effect in July 2006, and since then has had a real impact
in the forest by helping to reduce deforestation for soya
in the Amazon.16,17

15

Concrete advances have been made as a result of the

collaboration, such as the creation of a monitoring system
based on near real time satellite imagery, flyovers and field
verifications that allow soya traders to identify properties that
are not complying with the moratorium, removing them from the
supplier list. The moratorium and collaboration remains in place
today because permanent solutions to halt deforestation related
to soya farming are not yet in place.18

Problem: Deforestation due to

soya expansion
Collaborators: Greenpeace,
Brazilian Association of Vegetable
Oil Industries (ABIOVE), civil society
and environmental partners, Brazil
Ministry of Environment
Area: Brazilian Amazon Biome

16

FOREST SOLUTIONS

Marketplace Leaders
in Resolving Forest Conflict
Forest product customers have been and continue to be
vital to catalyzing and realizing successful collaborations
between Greenpeace and logging companies. Greenpeace
challenges customers to develop comprehensive
procurement policies that ensure the long term health of
forests and that reward logging companies on the leading
edge of conservation.
What follows are two examples of marketplace leadership
in action.

Example #1 - Office Depot

Transparency & rewarding leadership

Office Depot is taking a leadership role in driving the creation
of socially and environmentally responsible supply of forest
products. They are doing so through the issuance of a strong
procurement policy and engaging directly with current and
prospective suppliers.

Additionally, Office Depot participates in conservation

initiatives, most recently seen in their involvement with
two dozen other customers in the Great Bear Rainforest
Roundtable hosted by Greenpeace and partners in
June 2013.20

Updated in 2013, Office Depots paper policy sets clear

measures for acceptable practices, recognizes leadership
through maximizing sourcing of greener paper, and commits to
transparent reporting of progress.19

In addition to implementing clear measurable and

time-bound policies, leading customers do more.
They recognize critical junctures in forest conflicts and
collaborations and use these junctures to clearly articulate
desired outcomes and expectations. This, in turn,
invigorates willingness among the parties to collaboratively
work together for on the ground change that governments
can implement.

Office Depot has an overall environmental policy to buy greener,

be greener and sell greener. In the buy greener part of this
policy we are committed to sourcing, using and selling paper
products that reduce our impact on the worlds forestsWe
remain committed to using recycled fiber, supporting responsible
forestry certification, with a preference for Forest Stewardship
Council (FSC) fiber, increasing supply chain transparency
and growing markets for greener paper products. We remain
committed to avoiding paper products from: illegal sources;
forests being actively converted to non-forest use; High
Conservation Value forests (unless FSC certified or progressing
to FSC); genetically modified or engineered trees; or forests
where harvesting is documented to negatively impact human
rights or labor rights. Office Depots Greener Purchasing Policy
for Paper Products, February 2013

17

Example #2 Kimberly-Clark

Leadership in action

In 2009, tissue product manufacturer Kimberly-Clark entered

into discussions with Greenpeace to resolve outstanding
supply chain issues. These discussions were successful,
concluding with the release of the strongest paper policy by
one of the worlds top three tissue product manufacturers.21
The policy commits the company to not use any fibre from
the worlds most ecologically sensitive forests areas including
Endangered Forests and High Conservation Value (HCV)
Forest (areas mapped as no-harvest zones). In addition, the
company commits to supporting initiatives to identify and
map these areas.

Kimberly-Clark policy highlights

More recently and in line with their commitment to continual

improvement, Kimberly-Clark announced in 2012 that it
intends to reduce its impact on natural forests. By switching
to non-forest sources of pulp to make its tissue products, the
company hopes to reduce its impact on natural forests by
50% by 2025.22 Instead of using pulp from forests such as
the Canadian Boreal Forest, or the Great Bear Rainforest, the
company will use alternate fiber sources including plantation
wood and is actively investigating non wood fibers such as
bamboo and agricultural residues such as wheat straw.
As a result of this policy, Kimberly-Clarks use of FSC-certified
pulp has increased from 13% in 2008 to 52% in 2012.23

Not use any fibre from the worlds most ecologically

sensitive forests areas: Endangered Forests and High
Conservation Value Forest (HCVF) areas mapped as
no-harvest zones;

Sets multi-year targets for acquiring recycled or Forest

Stewardship Council (FSC) certified fibre;

Annual reporting requirements;

Favour post-consumer recycled fibre over

pre-consumer recycled fibre;

Ban the use of conflict wood or illegally harvested fibre;

and

Support initiatives to identify and map Endangered

Forests and HCVF areas and increase recycling rates.

Additionally, Kimberly-Clark was an early catalyst for the

Greenpeace and AV Terrace Bay collaboration whose
purpose is to create long-term solutions for the OgokiKenogami Endangered Forests and is a leading speaker
at marketplace leadership events such as the Great Bear
Rainforest Roundtable.

18

FOREST SOLUTIONS

Out of the Spotlight:

Laggards that threaten, TimberWest
and Resolute Forest Products
Aside from the companies Greenpeace
collaborates with on forest solutions, there
exist others whose actions threaten to
undermine these same solutions.

TimberWest
TimberWest owned by the BC Investment Management Company
(BCIMC) and the Public Sector Pension Investment Board (PSPIB)
is one such company lagging behind the rest. It has operations in
the southern portion of the Great Bear Rainforest.24
For many years, TimberWest has been reluctant to support and
work towards the full implementation of the Great Bear Rainforest
Agreements.25 Recently, based on logging plans and practices
on Sonora Island and in other parts of TimberWests tenure in the
southern Great Bear Rainforest, there is growing concern about
TimberWests adherence to Ecosystem-Based Management
regulations.26 A recent letter to the companys CEO and letters to
owners PSPIB and BCIMC requesting collaboration on solutions
have not resulted in positive action.
The lack of engagement by the company coupled with
unwillingness to support the Agreements implementation
threatens the advancement of solutions in the making in the
Great Bear Rainforest and represents a reputational risk to
customers of TimberWest.

Problem: Concerns over implementation

of logging regulations & lack of support
Great Bear Rainforest Agreements
Collaborators: None
Area: Southern portion of the Great Bear
Rainforest, including Sonora Island
Solution: Legally implemented protected
areas and further improved logging
regulations based on independent
science
Next Step: Customers communicate
expectation of TimberWests active
support for the Agreements final
implementation

19

Resolute
Forest Products
As one of the largest logging companies in Canadas Boreal
Forest,Resolute Forest Products (NYSE/TSE:RFP)markets
itself as sustainable in an attempt to meet growing customer
demand for responsible forest products.27 However, these
marketing claims are increasingly falling flat as destructive
forestry practices, failed collaborations with NGOs and
regulatory infractions come to light.28

Other First Nations continue to contest the companys operations

on their traditional territories, occurring without their consent. 33

Resolute operates in and sources from some of Canadas last

remaining Endangered Forests including the spectacular
Montagnes Blanches and Endangered Forests in Quebec and
the Trout Lake-Caribou Endangered Forest in Ontario.29 The
two areas contain the habitat of threatened caribou herds, vast
carbon stores and are of extraordinarily high conservation value.30

Instead of focusing on real solutions for forests in which it

operates and despite a standing invitation by Greenpeace to
collaborate, Resolute has taken an adversarial approach. In an
apparent attempt to distract from its operations and silence
its growing critics, the company filed a $7 million CAD lawsuit
against Greenpeace and two of its staff just days after seven
environmental organizations severed discussions with the
company under the Canadian Boreal Forest Agreement.36 37

Though the company is one of the largest FSC certified operators

in the world, its FSC certificates are increasingly being challenged
and suspended for falling short of FSC standards and policy.
Effective January 1, 2014 three of Resolute Forest Products FSC
forest management certificates in the Boreal region of Ontario
and Quebec were suspended by FSC Certifying Body Rainforest
Alliance for failing to comply with the FSC National Boreal
Standard.31 These suspensions were the result of systemic
failings at the criterion level, related particularly to Principle
3 (Indigenous Peoples Rights), Principle 6 (Environmental
Impact) and Principle 9 (High Conservation Value Forests). The
3 certificates covered an area of 8 million hectares.32 In addition,
on January 8 2014, Rainforest Alliance, the companys certifying
body, denied the companys request to enlarge the area covered
by the Caribou Forest FSC certificate to encompass the English
River Forest Management Unit in Ontario.

In Quebec, Resolute has amassed more than $1 million in

fines for regulatory infractions and violations of forest law and
regulations in the past decade.34 In fact the company has been
fined more than any other forestry company in the province.35

Problem: Destruction of "Endangered Forests"

and habitat of threatened caribou. Operations
without consent of First Nations communities
Collaboration with Greenpeace: Unfortunately
none but door is always open
Priority Areas: Caribou Forest 1.6 million
hectares (3.9 million acres) and Montagnes
Blanches Endangered Forest 2.3 million
hectares (5.7 million acres)
Solution: Legally implemented protected areas
and improved logging regulations based on
independent science
Next Step: Customers communicate expectation
that Resolute immediately suspend operations
in and sourcing from Endangered Forests. If your
supplier does not comply, move your business
to more responsible companies

20

FOREST SOLUTIONS

GREEN STAMP OF APPROVAL

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an international
certification organization whose goal is to support
environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial and
economically viable management of the worlds
remaining forests. Greenpeace considers the Forest
Stewardship Council (FSC) to be the only credible
forest certification system for ensuring socially and
environmentally responsible forestry practices. However,
with its rapid growth, there is concern that some forest
operations that do not meet FSC standards are still
being awarded certificates.As a founding member of
the system, Greenpeaceis working to keep FSC strong
and to ensure it maintains its credibility as a source of
responsible forest products through a series of FSC
case studies that highlight good and the bad examples
of FSC around the world.3839 For the system to secure
the confidence of consumers it needs to make sure
that it puts a halt to weak practices and strengthens
standards such as the controlled wood system.

21

KEEPERS OF THE LAND

Maintaining a healthy and resilient forest is a concern for
many aboriginal peoples and communities in the worlds
forests. Industrial logging impacts fishing, hunting and
trapping areas and the gathering of forest foods (particularly
when herbicides are used in logging operations), and
degrades water quality. Logging has also been linked with
the destruction of sites with high cultural value and traditional
use, and can cause profound changes to traditional territories
without the consent of affected communities. Often, industrial
logging is approved and occurs without local First Nations
approval, proper consultation or access to revenue sharing
agreements.
Greenpeace recognizes the central role of First Nations as
governments in the development of conservation initiatives,
as well as the right of indigenous people to govern and make
decisions concerning land-use on their traditional territories
as enshrined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights
of Indigenous Peoples.40 41 In particular, the right to free, prior
and informed consent prior to any industrial activity is key
to socially and environmentally sustainable development.
Greenpeace actively supports First Nations efforts to
augment their governance authority and community wellbeing through conservation and responsible development of
forest areas in Canada and around the world.42 43

22

FOREST SOLUTIONS

Conclusion:
21st Century Leadership
The worlds Endangered Forests require immediate protection and science-based
conservation planning to restore balance and resiliency for threatened wildlife species,
ecosystems and biodiversity. This ecological need is dovetailing with the growing
demand for greener wood products by consumers and the marketplace.
From this growing demand has sprung corporate leaders willing to create credible
forest conservation plans and recommendations based on science. Greenpeace
collaborates with many of these corporate leaders in the worlds forest areas, such
as the Great Bear Rainforest, the Brazilian Amazon, Indonesia, and Ontarios OgokiKenogami forests to create real change in a meaningful timeframe. They, and we, are
following the science and doing whats right for the ecology of the forests while at the
same time supporting healthy communities and ensuring viable economies from those
forests that the marketplace will recognize. Its a win-win-win collaboration.

We encourage logging companies and their customers to join us and contribute to

solutions that carry real market value today and into the future.

23

Endnotes
1 International Boreal Conservation Science Panel, Conserving the
Worlds Last Great Forest is Possible: Heres How, July 2013, http://
borealscience.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/conserving-last-greatforests1.pdf
2 World Resources Institute, First Scientific Assessment of Condition
of Worlds Forests Shows Much More Than Tropical Forests At Risk,
1997.
3 Greenpeace, Boreal Alarm, January 2013, http://www.greenpeace.org/
canada/Global/canada/report/2013/01/HotSpotReport.pdf
4 Coast Information Team, Ecosystem-Based Management Handbook,
March 22, 2004, http://www.citbc.org/ebmplan.html
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 FSC Canada, Forest Management certificate, KF-FM/COC-001047,
http://info.fsc.org/Detail?id=a0240000005sgX4AAI
8 Pojar J., Unfinished Business in Great Bear Rainforest, The Tyee,
November 23, 2012, http://thetyee.ca/Opinion/2012/11/23/GreatBear-Rainforest-Agreements/
9 Global Forest Watch Canada, Conservation Value Mapping of Canadas
Boreal Forest, 2010.
10 Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee), Broadback Watershed
Conservation Plan, April 2013, http://www.gcc.ca/pdf/BroadbackWatershed-Conservation-Plan-English-Version.pdf
11 Friends of the Earth, Driving deforestation: The environmental and
social ills of palm oil production, http://libcloud.s3.amazonaws.com/93/
ee/f/2556/Issue_brief_-_Palm_oil.pdf
12 Golden Agri-Resources, Forest Conservation Policy, February 9,
2011, http://www.goldenagri.com.sg/110209%20Golden%20AgriResources%20Initiates%20Industry%20Engagement%20for%20
Forest%20Conservation.pdf
13 Golden Agri-Resources & SMART, High Carbon Stock Forest Study
Report, June 2012, http://www.goldenagri.com.sg/pdfs/misc/High_
Carbon_Stock_Forest_Study_Report.pdf
14 Nepstad, Stickler, Almeida, Globalization of the Amazon Soy and Beef
Industries: Opportunities for Conservation, Conservation Biology, 2006,
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00510.x/
abstract;jsessionid=5E2C82F748817D683564EA6715BE20F7.d02t04
?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false
15 Greenpeace, Eating Up The Amazon, April 6, 2006, http://www.
greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/undercoverinvestigation-revea/
16 Sustainability, Remote Sensing Images to Detect Soy Plantations in the
Amazon BiomeThe Soy Moratorium Initiative, vol. 4, issue 5, 2012,
http://econpapers.repec.org/article/gamjsusta/v_3a4_3ay_3a2012_3ai
_3a5_3ap_3a1074-1088_3ad_3a17921.htm
17 DW, Brazil Takes Soy Lead with Respect to Rainforest, January 25,
2013, http://www.dw.de/brazil-to-take-soy-lead-with-respect-forrainforest/a-16547231
18 ABIOVE, Soy Moratorium was renewed through January 31, 2014,
http://www.mvo.nl/Portals/0/publicaties/Magazine/2012/17/02%20
press%20release%20ABIOVE.pdf
19 Office Depot, Greener Purchasing Policy for Paper Products, http://
officedepotcitizenship.com/purchasingPolicy.html
20 Greenpeace, From the Ground Up: A progress report on British
Columbias Great Bear Rainforest, http://www.greenpeace.org/canada/
en/Blog/from-the-ground-up-a-progress-report-on-briti/blog/45719/
21 Kimberly-Clark, Fibre Procurement Policy, June 30, 2009, http://
forestfriendly500.org/files/KCFinalPolicyandAnnex.pdf
22 Kimberly-Clark, Kimberly-Clark Announces Ambitious Sustainable
Development Goal for Forest Use, June 18, 2012, http://investor.
kimberly-clark.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=683471
23 Kimberly-Clark, Leading the World in Essentials for a Better Life, 2012
Sustainability Report, http://investor.kimberly-clark.com/releasedetail.
cfm?ReleaseID=683471

24 TimberWest, Operations Map, http://www.timberwest.com/timberlandoperations/operations-map.aspx

25 ForestEthics, Greenpeace, Sierra Club BC, TimberWest logging
threatens Great Bear Rainforest Solution, June 28, 2011, http://www.
savethegreatbear.org/news/detail/timberwest_logging_threatens_great_
bear_rainforest_solution
26 Island Tides, Last Stands Dont Count, April 11, 2013, http://www.
islandtides.com/assets/reprint/forests_20130411.pdf
27 Resolute Forest Products, 2011 Sustainability Report, November 2012,
http://www.resolutefp.com/Sustainability/
28 Greenpeace, Resolutes False Promises: The [Un]sustainability
Report 2013, May 14, 2013, http://www.greenpeace.org/canada/
resolutefalsepromises/
29 Greenpeace, Boreal Alarm, January 2013, http://www.greenpeace.org/
canada/Global/canada/report/2013/01/HotSpotReport.pdf
30 International Boreal Conservation Science Panel, Conserving the
Worlds Last Great Forest is Possible: Heres How, July 2013, http://
borealscience.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/conserving-last-greatforests1.pdf
31 https://ic.fsc.org/newsroom.9.605.htm
32 Mistassini-Peribonka Forest: 2.5 million hectares. Lac St. Jean Forest:
3.2 million hectares. Black Spruce/Dog River Matawin Forest: 2.4
million hectares
33 Straight Goods News, Grassy Narrows blockade ten years later, http://
sgnews.ca/2012/12/10/grassy-narrows-blockade-ten-years-later/
34 Infractions la Loi sur les forts, http://www.greenpeace.org/canada/
Global/canada/report/2013/05/infractions-a-la-loi-sur-les-forets.pdf
35 Ibid
36 Toronto Star, Quebec forestry company suing Greenpeace
for $7 million, June 24, 2013, http://www.thestar.com/news/
canada/2013/06/24/quebec_forestry_company_suing_greenpeace_
for_7_million.html
37 Press Release, Environmental groups suspend further work with
Resolute Forest Products under Canadian Boreal Forest Agreement,
May 21, 2013, http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1168947/
environmental-groups-suspend-further-work-with-resolute-forestproducts-under-canadian-boreal-forest-agreement
38 Greenpeace, FSC at Work, Canada: FSC-Certified Forest Management
that Customers Expect, June 28, 2013, http://www.greenpeace.org/
international/en/publications/Campaign-reports/Forests-Reports/FSCCase-Studies/
39 Greenpeace, FSC at Risk, Canadas Resolute Forest Products:
Opening FSC to controversial controlled wood sources, August
29, 2013, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/publications/
Campaign-reports/Forests-Reports/FSC-Case-Studies/
40 Greenpeace supports the aboriginal title and rights of First Nations
to inclusion and decision-making power, http://www.greenpeace.
org/canada/en/campaigns/forests/greatbear/Resources/Fact-sheets/
Threats-Fish-farms/Greenpeace-supports-First-Nations/
41 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, http://
www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf
42 Forest Solutions Great Bear Rainforest, www.greenpeace.org/gbr
43 August 22, 2013. More than one million Ontarians call for an end
to unwanted logging in Grassy Narrows, http://www.greenpeace.
org/canada/en/Blog/more-than-one-million-ontarians-call-for-an-e/
blog/46338/

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