Works Cited

Aerial images of Scotland in new Britain from Above online collection. BBC. N.p., n.d. Web.
15 Dec. 2014. <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-18551116>.
This was important to show exactly how big the Queen Mary was in 1936, it was too big
due to its length.
Although he was a popular president, many satirized Roosevelts domineering tendencies. This
cartoon depicts Roosevelt as a giant carrying a big stick, which he was fond of
referring to, and peering down at a diminutive figure labeled the Constitution..
National Politics during the Progressive Era. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Jan. 2015.
<http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/united-states-history-volume-2/s07-01-nationalpolitics-during-the-p.html>. This was used in the slideshow in the Big Stick Policy page.
This was relevant to show what most Americans thought about Theodore Roosevelt when
he made the decision to show pressure to Colombia.
The American Era: Operation Phase. Panama Canal Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.
<http://cms.uflib.ufl.edu/pcm/timeline/americaneraoperation.aspx>. Primary source
Austin, Robert L. An old French excavator lies partially submerged near Tabernilla after it was
abandoned following the French failure. The photo was taken in 1913. The French Canal.
N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.czbrats.com/Builders/FRCanal/frenchcan.htm>. This was used for a picture
of the french equipment left behind in the Canal Zone.

Barone, Michael. Big Stick Politics. MasterFILE Premier. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2014.
<http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=91f27a6a-ea07-421d-9a6041fa42ca62ba%40sessionmgr4003&vid=0&hid=4112&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb2t
pZSxpcCxjcGlkJmN1c3RpZD1zNzMyNDk2NCZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmUmc2Nvc
GU9c2l0ZQ>. This was used for my heart to find out more about Big Stick Politics.

Bas Obsijo, 1886. Digital file. This was used in background and context to show what the lightly
manned crew at the canal looked like.
Big Stick Diplomacy. Destiny. Follett Software Company, n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2014.
<http://webpath.follettsoftware.com/resource/viewurl?encodedUrl=_wjp4Y8msr4AJ8Lf
MxE683-NvQIJ74c80W4gIQl5sE&version=1&appsignature=Destiny&appversion=11.0.4.2+%28AU2%29>. This was
used to find out more about my heart. After finding out what my heart was, this website
helped me find the main details about my heart.
Building the Panama Canal, 1903-1914. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.
United States Department of State, n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2014.
<https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/panama-canal>. This was used to explain
what the conditions of working on the canal were like. Many Americans did not think the
conditions were very tough, but they found out from real stories of workers after the
canal was completed.

Carter Signs the Panama Canal Treaty. History. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 17 Nov.
2014. <http://www.history.com/speeches/carter-signs-the-panama-canal-treaty#cartersigns-the-panama-canal-treaty>. This was an audio clip of Jimmy Carters speech prior to
his signing of the panama canal.
A cristicism of US military presence, perhaps? Imperialism. Wikispaces, n.d. Web. 14 Dec.
2014. <http://imperialsm-bybrady.wikispaces.com/U.S.+Economic+Imperialism+in+Latin+America>. This is used to
show more political cartoons of Americans making fun of Roosevelt and his big stick
policy.
Cullen, Bob. A man, a plan, a canal, panama rises. Smithsonian Mar. 2004: n. pag. MAS Ultra
- School Edition. Web. 22 Oct. 2014.
<http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=11&sid=9779aad4-e68f-47c7-8ae2a4ad1096a207%40sessionmgr4001&hid=4204&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb2tpZSxpc
CxjcGlkJmN1c3RpZD1zNjI2NDk0OSZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0
ZQ%3d%3d#db=ulh&AN=12336402>. This was used for the background and context
through the beginning of the heart of the project.
Currie, Stephen. Planning a Canal. MAS-Ultra School Edition. Cobblestone, n.d. Web. 22 Oct.
2014. <http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=9779aad4-e68f-47c7-8ae2a4ad1096a207%40sessionmgr4001&vid=17&hid=4207&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb
2tpZSxpcCxjcGlkJmN1c3RpZD1zNjI2NDk0OSZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmUmc2Nvc
GU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=ulh&AN=4299172>. This was used to show the background of
what the canal might look like and what it would do for the U.S.

Economic Importance. Central America Panama Canal. Wheeling Jesuit University, n.d. Web.
27 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.porttechnology.org/technical_papers/the_panama_canal_expansion_and_its
_impact_on_world_trade/>. This was to show the canals possible economic growth and
profits possibly made off the canal.

Ferdinand De Lesseps. BBC. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.

<http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/de_lesseps_ferdinand.shtml>. This was
used to show a picture of what De Lesseps looked like.
Geography. Koru Corporate Services. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Jan. 2015. <http://www.korucorporate-services-company.com/general/why_panama-country-description.htm>. This
was used to show what Panama looked like before the canal was built through Panama.
Great Scientific Achievemetns. Construction Begins on the Panama Canal. History Reference
Center. EBSCO Host, 1994. Web. 31 Sept. 2014.
<http://web.b.ebscohost.com/hrc/detail/detail?sid=848bf9ac-5a52-43fe-b9240449ec2155f1%40sessionmgr198&vid=0&hid=101&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb2tpZ
SxpcCxjcGlkJmN1c3RpZD1zNzMyNDk2NCZzaXRlPWhyYy1saXZl#db=khh&AN=25
88327>. This was used to begin the final part of my heart, and the early stages of short
term impact.
The Interoceanic Canal and the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty. Kaaterskill Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 4
Dec. 2014. <http://www.kaaterskillbooks.com/shop/kaaterskill/39508.html>. This was
used to show what the Hay-Pauncefote treaty looked like.

John Hay. Hymn Time. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/h/a/y/hay_j.htm>. This is important to show what
John Hay actually looks like. John Hay was the secretary of state during Theodore
Roosevelts presidency.
Jorden, William J. To Preserve the Big Ditch. New York Times [Austin, TX]: n. pag. ProQuest
Historical Newspapers. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.
<http://search.proquest.com/docview/122537412?accountid=14788>. This was the long
term impact of the canal and what it did for us.
Kenneth E. Behring. Theodore Roosevelt. 100 Leaders. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Oct. 2014.
<http://100leaders.org/theodore-roosevelt>. This helped prove the leadership and legacy
of the canal and Roosevelt.
Laborers work on a Sunday at the Cucaracha slide. Working six days a week, most men got
Sundays off. Engineers designed the workflow on the canal to never stop. When day
workers returned to their barracks, coal train operators and maintenance crews would
work through the night. American Experience. PBS, n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/photo-gallery/panamagallery/?flavour=mobile>. This was used to show the American workers at the Panama
canal.
A man stands in front of overturned equipment. PBS. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/panama/>. This
illustrates part of the reason why the French failed at building the Panama canal.

Marshall, Logan. The Story of the Panama Canal. N.p.: n.p., 1913. Print. This helped with
knowing exactly what my project was and how I was to divide up each part of my
project.
McCullough, David. The Path Between the Seas. New York: Simon, 1977. Print. The Creation of
the Panama Canal. This helped with the background and context of the project, getting an
idea of what it was about.

Meltzer, Milton. The Big Stick. Theodore Roosevelt and His America. N.p.: Library of
Congress Cataloging-in-Publication, 1994. 153-63. Print. This was used to learn more
about the Big Stick policy.

Murphy, Derrick, Kathryn Cooper, and Mark Waldron. United States 1776-1992. N.p.: Collins
Educational, 2001. Print. This is used to learn some background about the canal before
starting the project.
The New Big Stick. History of the Americas. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.nisk.k12.ny.us/fdr/fdr_100/large/33031101.GIF>. This was used in the
slideshow. This is important because this shows more comics on Theodore Roosevelts
possible impulsive decision of sending a ship to Colombia.
1906: Teddy Roosevelt Visits Panama Canal Project. Dallas News. Dallas Morning News, n.d.
Web. 19 Nov. 2014. <http://photographyblog.dallasnews.com/2012/11/today-in-photohistory-1906-teddy-roosevelt-visits-panama-canal-project.html/>. This is used for the
cover of each page, due to its vital importance of the first U.S. president leaving the
country, and it describes both parts of my project.

On January 11, 1964, American students at Balboa High School in the Panama Canal Zone
demonstrated next to the pole where they had raised an American flag two days earlier,
touching off riots. The New York Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014.
<http://100days.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/18/when-the-world-knocks-at-the-whitehouse-door/?_r=0>. Those were the students that decided to put the flag up on January
11, 1964. This is important because it shows what they looked like and who their
followers might have been.
The only man who never makes mistakes is the man who never does anything. Theodore
Roosevelt. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2014. <http://abouttheodoreroosevelt.com/theodorequotes/271/>. This was used to show another famous quote from Theodore Roosevelt
showing his leadership.
The Panama Canal. The Age of Imperialism. Small Plant Communications, n.d. Web. 11 Nov.
2014.
<http://webpath.follettsoftware.com/resource/viewurl?encodedUrl=xUMsoEQkARFywB
NMVZiGIP3omcisJVGgJLjtbl26Fs&version=1&appsignature=Destiny&appversion=11.0.4.2+%28AU2%29>. This
helped with the end of the background and context, going into the build up of the project.
Panama Canal. Panama Canal. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2014.
<http://countrystudies.us/panama/45.htm>. This was used to learn the geography of the
canal.
The Panama Canal. The Panama Canal. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2014.
<http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma03/holmgren/ppie/pc.html>. This helped learn the basics
of what the project would be about.

The Panama Canal. U.S. History. Independence Hall of Philidelphia, n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.ushistory.org/us/44g.asp>. This helped learn about the background and
context and how the French did on their attempt at the canal.

The Panama Canal Expansion and Its Impact on World Trade. Port Technology. Maritime
Information Services Ltd., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.porttechnology.org/technical_papers/the_panama_canal_expansion_and_its
_impact_on_world_trade/>. This helped with the long term impact and learning about its
continuous growth.
Panama Canal Expansion Impact on U.S. Economy. About News. About.com, n.d. Web. 17
Nov. 2014. <http://useconomy.about.com/od/tradepolicy/p/Panama-Canal-ExpansionImpact-On-U-S-Economy.htm>. This helped with long term impact and learning about
the canals economic values.
Panama Canal PBS America. YouTube. YouTube, LLC, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pv0upmpPw3c>. This was used as an introduction
of my project to show what my project was about.
Panama Canal ship passing through the Panama Canal late 1930s. Controversial Topics. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http://controversialdocumentaries.blogspot.com/2014/08/whydid-we-give-away-panama-canal.html>. This was used in the short term impact to show
what a typical ship size was, and what the canal looked like.

Panama Canal turned over to Panama. History. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 17 Nov.
2014. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/panama-canal-turned-over-topanama>This helped with the long term impact learning that the U.S. gave Panama the
canal..
The Panama Tolls and Arbitration. New York Times [New York Times] Jan. 1913: n. pag.
JSTOR. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/20666592?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&&se
archUri=%2Faction%2FdoAdvancedSearch%3Fq5%3D%26amp%3Bc1%3DAND%26a
mp%3Bc6%3DAND%26amp%3Bed%3D%26amp%3Bf4%3Dall%26amp%3Bq2%3D%
26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bq0%3Dhaypauncefote%2Btreaty%26amp%3Bf3%3Dall%26amp%3Bc4%3DAND%26amp%3Bc2
%3DAND%26amp%3Bf6%3Dall%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bsd%3D%26amp
%3Bisbn%3D%26amp%3Bc5%3DAND%26amp%3Bq1%3Dtheodore%2Broosevelt%2
6amp%3Bq4%3D%26amp%3Bf0%3Dall%26amp%3Bq6%3D%26amp%3Bf5%3Dall%
26amp%3Bla%3D%26amp%3Bf2%3Dall%26amp%3Bc3%3DAND%26amp%3Bpt%3
D%26amp%3Bq3%3D%26amp%3Bf1%3Dall>. This let me learn how much it costs to
pass through the canal.
Parker, Tom. The Realistic Roosevelt. MAS-Ultra School. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.
<http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=5db7b556-7c57-43ac-a2d60aee87718a02%40sessionmgr198&hid=110&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb2tpZSxpcC
xjcGlkJmN1c3RpZD1zNzMyNDk2NCZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0
ZQ%3d%3d#db=f5h&AN=14622174>. This helped me learn about Roosevelts
characteristics.

Parrish, Samuel L. FORTIFICATIONS FOR PANAMA.: Thinks Public Opinion Will Force
That Policy. New York Times [Augusta, GA] 31 Jan. 1911: n. pag. ProQuest Historical
Newspapers - Graphical. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.
<http://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/97174536/12135221C24D412D
PQ/1?accountid=14788>. This helped me learn about how two sided America was when
Roosevelt was president.

Pearson, John. The French Attempt. Book Collection Nonfiction: High School Edition. Great
Neck Publishing, n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2014.
<http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=83016f28-212b-468e-a31df2320351da29%40sessionmgr112&hid=124&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb2tpZSxpcC
xjcGlkJmN1c3RpZD1zNjI2NDk0OSZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0Z
Q%3d%3d#db=n9h&AN=15322341>. This helped with background and context and
what it truly was.
- - -. Rise of the Industrial United States 1878-1913. N.p.: Great Neck Publishing, 2009. Print.
Secondary source
President Theodore Roosevelt, carrying a Big Stick. New Global Initiatives with America. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 8 Jan. 2015. <http://www.newglobal-america.org/english/us/main.html>. This
was used in the slideshow to show more points of view of Theodore Roosevelt and the
Big Stick Policy, which is what he referred to in his foreign policy tactics.
The Queen Mary at the end of her maiden voyage. National Trust for Historic Preservation.
N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Jan. 2015. <http://www.preservationnation.org/magazine/2012/jan-

feb/the-queen-mary-hotel-ship.html>. This was used to show the first ship that did not fit
through the Panama canal in the 1930s. This is relevant because this shows a point in
history of the canal where they found it will need to be expanded at some point in time.
Racio, Ralph. American Foreign Policy-The Turning Point 1898-1919. The Future of Freedom
Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2014.
<http://webpath.follettsoftware.com/resource/viewurl?encodedUrl=wOJwy44GRzn4d0T
0PsZkTGrXGjMF9K0mWOFvdzjwc_A&version=1&appsignature=Destiny&appversion
=11.0.4.2+%28AU2%29>. This helped me learn about the Big Stick policy.
Raymont, Henry. Panama Weighing Economic Charges. New York Times 22 Jan. 1964: n. pag.
ProQuest Historical Newspapers - Graphical. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.
<http://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/115641719/BBC0C12179947A8
PQ/1?accountid=14788>. This helped me learn about Panama wanting the fees to go up.
Salem Press. The United States Acquires the Panama Canal. History Reference Center. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2014.
<http://web.b.ebscohost.com/hrc/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=f866b7eb-dbd5-43a1-991326aa8bbfb460%40sessionmgr198&hid=110&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb2tpZSxpcCx
jcGlkJmN1c3RpZD1zNzMyNDk2NCZzaXRlPWhyYy1saXZl#db=khh&AN=6345381>.
This helped me learn about how the U.S. created the canal.
Teddy Roosevelts Famous Big Stick. Quote/conterquote. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.quotecounterquote.com/2012/05/speak-softly-and-carry-big-stick.html>.
This was used as the introduction into what the heart of my project was.
Teddy tosses a spadeful of Panama dirt on the Capital city of Colombia. Xenophile Historian.
N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Jan. 2015. <http://xenohistorian.faithweb.com/latinam/la05a.html>.

This is important because this shows what Colombia thought about the pressure from the
U.S., and how Roosevelt goes about his buisness in foreign policy.
Theodore Roosevelt and the Panama Canal. PBS. Corporation for Public Broadcasting, n.d.
Web. 26 Oct. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/generalarticle/tr-panama/>. This helped prove Roosevelts leadership skills, and the canals
legacy.

Theodore Roosevelt : Political Cartoons : The Big Stick. TheodoreRoosevelt.com. Chapuletec,

n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2015. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/toonsbytopicbigstick.html>.
These were used as a way to show what Americans thought about Theodore Roosevelt.
This enhances my website because the comics show what Americans thought about
Theodore Roosevelt at first.
There isnt one. The Modern Canal & Panamanian Sovereignty. N.p.: Great Neck Publishing,
n.d. 3. Rpt. in Panama Canal. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Badgerlink. Web. 22 Oct. 2014.
<http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=83016f28-212b-468e-a31df2320351da29%40sessionmgr112&hid=124&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb2tpZSxpcC
xjcGlkJmN1c3RpZD1zNjI2NDk0OSZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0Z
Q%3d%3d#db=n9h&AN=15322344>. This helped with learning more about the
expansion of the canal.

Timeline: Creating the Canal. American Experience. WGBH, n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/panama/2/>. This
helped with all parts of the project and cross checking sources.
United States. Cong. Senate. Executive Session. Panama Canal Treaty. Washington: GPO,
1977. Print. This was used to show what the treaty looked like between Panama and the
U.S. in 1977.This was used to show what the treaty looked like between Panama and the
U.S. in 1977.

- - -. - - -. Senate. Convention with Panama for the construction of the panama canal.
Washington: GPO, 1903. Print. This helped me learn more about the build up and the
beginning of the heart.
- - -. Isthmian Canal Treaty. Washington: GPO, 1903. Print. This was used to what the first
treaty between Panama and U.S. in 1903.
Workers Digging Panama Canal. Corbis Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.corbisimages.com/stock-photo/rights-managed/U1893204/workers-diggingpanama-canal>. This was used to show what most workers typically did and also what
they looked like.