Obtener para un SLI descrito por la siguiente ecuacin diferencial:

y '' ( t ) + 4 y ' ( t ) +3 y ( t )=3 x ' ' ( t ) +9 x (t )

La forma cannica observable de su realizacin y su representacin en
variables de estado.
h(t), la respuesta impulsiva del sistema, usando variables de estado
y(t), la respuesta impulsiva del sistema, si la seal de entrada es x(t)

t
4
( .t . e3 t )u )
3

y '' ( t ) + 4 y ' ( t ) +3 y ( t )=3 x ' ' ( t ) +9 x (t )

D2 y + 4 yD+3 y=3 x D 2 +9 x
1

y +4 y D +3 y D =3 x +9 D x
y=9 D2 x3 x3 y D24 y D1
y=D2 (3 y +9 x ) + D1 (4 y )3 x
y= 13 x
2
1
1=D (3 y+ 9 x ) + D (4 y )

.1=D 1 (4 y +9 x ) + (4 y )
.1= 2 + (4 y )
.

1= 24 1 +12 x
2=D 1(3 y +9 x)

2=3 y +9 x
.2=3 1+ 9 x +9 x
.2=3 1+18 x
Primera forma cannica-Observable.

[ ] [ ][ ] [

.1 = 4 1 1 + 12 x (t)
.2 3 0 2 18

[]

y=[ 1 0 ] 1 3 x
2

A= 4 1
3 0

[ ]

B= 12
18

C=[ 10 ]

D=[3]
Races caracterstica.

| AI|=0

[[
[

] [ ]]

4 1 0 =0
3 0
0

4 1
3

+ 4 +3=0

( +1 )( +3 )=0
1=1
2=3
t

e =Bo + B1 (1 )
3t

=Bo + B1 (3 )

e3t et =3 B1 + B1=2 B1
B 1=

1 3 t 1 t
e + e
2
2

3
1
B 0= et e3 t
2
2
e At =Bo ( t ) I + B1 ( t ) A

( )

e At =Bo ( t ) 1 0 + B1 ( t ) 4 1
0 1
3 0

e At =

B o4 B1 B1
=( t)
3 B 1
Bo

y (t )=C ( t ) Bx ( t ) 3 x ( t )

C ( t ) B=(1 0)

)( )

Bo4 B1 B1 12
3 B 1
Bo 18

C ( t ) B=12 a+18 b

3 t

C ( t ) B=3 e + 9 e
a.

x ( t )= (t)

h ( t ) =( 3 et +9 e3 t ) ( t )3 ( t )
h ( t ) =( 3 et +9 e3 t ) u ( t )3 ( t )

b.

x ( t )=

( 43 .t . e )u (t)
3 t

t
t

3 t

y (t )=e 2 e

+ [ 3 e( tz ) +9 e3( t z) ]
0

4
4
. z . e3 z dz + . t . e3t3 ( t )
3
3

t
t

3 t

y (t )=e 2 e

+ 4 z e3 z +e3 t 12 dz4 . t . e3 t
0

t
t

3 t

y (t )=e 2 e

+ z e

2 z

3 t

dz +12 e

zdz4 . t . e3 t
0

y (t )=et 2 e3 t + (2 t1 ) e3 t + et + 6 e3 t t 24 t e3 t
Aplicamos condiciones iniciales

y (t )=2 et + ( 6 t 26 t3 ) e3 t ; t 0

Obtener, para un SLI discreto cuya relacin entrada-salida viene

dada por la siguiente ecuacin en diferencias:

9 y [ n ] y [ n+ 2 ] =18 x [ n ] +9 x [ n1 ] + 9 x [ n2 ]
a. La forma cannica controlable de su realizacin y su
representacin en variables de estado.
b. H[n], la respuesta impulsiva del sistema, utilizando variables de
estado:

c. V[n], el vector de estado cero si la seal de entradas es

n

x[n]=8n/3[( 1/ 3

)]u[n]

d. Y[n], la respuesta del sistema, si Vo = [9

9 y [ n ] y [ n+ 2 ] =18 x [ n ] +9 x [ n1 ] + 9 x [ n2 ]
1
y [ n ] y [ n+2 ] =2 x [ n ] + x [ n1 ] + x [ n2 ]
9
y [ n ] =2 [ n+1 ]

y [ n1 ] = 2 [ n ] = 1 [ n+1 ]
y [ n2 ] = 2 [ n1 ] =1 [ n ]

1
2 [ n+1 ] 1 [ n ]=x [ n ]
9
1
2 [ n+1 ] =x [ n ] + 1 [ n ]
9
1 [ n+1 ] =2 [ n ]
y [ n ] =2 x [ n ] + x [ n1 ] + x [ n2 ]
x [ n ]= [ n ]
y [ n ] =2 [ n ] + [ n1 ] + [ n2 ]
y [ n ] =2 2 [ n+1 ] + 2 [ n ] + 1 [ n ]
2
y [ n ] =2 x [ n ] + 1 [ n ] + 1 [ n ] + 2 [ n ]
9
y [ n ] =2 x [ n ] +

11
[ n ] + 2 [ n ]
9 1

6]

[ ][

0
1[n+ 1] = 1
2[n+1]
9

y=

][]

1 [n ] + 0 x [ n]
0 2 [n ] 1

[ ][ ]

11
1 1 [ n] + 2 x [n]
9
2 [ n]

[ ]

0
A= 1
9

1
0

[]

B= 0
1

[ ]

C=

11
1
9

D=[2]

y [ z ] =Cz ( zI A ) [ 0 ] +C ( zI A ) Bx [ z ]+ Dx [z ]
1

(( ) ( )

0
1
z
0
( zI A ) =
1
0 z
9

z 1
1 z2

z 1
adj 1
z
9

| |
z 1
1
z
9

1
0

) ( )

z 1
1
z
9

1
9
z

( z 19 ) ( z 19 )
2

y [ z ] =C ( zI A )1 Bx [ z ] +2 x [ z ]

(] ) ( )
1
9
z

1
11
y [ z ]=
1
9
1
z 2
9

y [ z ]=

y [z ]
=
z

A
+
z

0 +2
1

11+ z
+2
1
2
z
9

z+11
2
+
1
1 z
z z
z+
3
3

( )( )

( z 13 ) ( z + 13 )

y [z]
=
z

h [ z ]=

( z 13 ) ( z + 13 )

2
z

7z
4z
2z
+
+
z
1
1
z
z+
3
3

( )( )

h [ n ] =[ 7 ( 1/3 )n + 4 (1 /3 )n ] U [ n1 ] 2 [ n ]

v [ n ] , e l vector de entrada cero siVo=[9 6 ]

v [ z ] =Cz ( zI A )1 [ 0 ]

(] ) ( )
1
9
z

1
11
v [ z ]=
1
9
1
z 2
9

9
6

147
81
1
2
z
9

1 7 z+
v [ z ]=

147
v [ z]
81
=
z
1
2
z z
9
17 z +

v [ z] A
B
C
= +
+
z
z
1
1
z
( z+ )
3
3

A=

49
3

B=

101
3

C=

52
3

v [ z] 49 1 101
=
+
z
3 z
3

( ) ( ) z 1 1 +( 523 ) (z+1 1 )
3

v [ z ]=

( 493 ) zz +( 1013 ) zz 1 +( 523 ) ( z +z 1 )

3

v [ n]=

[ n ] 1 01 (1 /3 ) u [ n ] +52 (1/3 ) u [ n ]
(49
3 )
n

x[n]=8n/3[( 1/3

)]u[n]

y [ z ] =Cz ( zI A )1 [ 0 ] +C ( zI A )1 Bx [ z ]+ Dx [z ]
y [ z ] =C ( zI A )1 Bx [z ]+ Dx [z ]

( )( ) ( )
1
9
z

C ( zI A ) Bx [ z ] =

C ( zI A )1 Bx [ z ] =

C ( zI A )1 Bx [ z ] =

z2

8
9

8
9
8
9

1
9
z

1
9

0 .8 1
1 9
1
z
3

( )

(1z )

( z 19 ) ( z 13 )
2

z
2

( z 19 ) ( z 13 )
2

1
z 2
9

z
2

) ( z 13 )

(1z )
(1z )