Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
www.iop.org/journals/physed
Abstract
It is shown that highly elliptical orbits, such as those of comets, can be
explained well in terms of energy rather than forces. The principle of
conservation of energy allows a comets velocity to be calculated at aphelion
and periheilon. An example asks students to calculate whether they can run
fast enough to escape from a small asteroid.
ME = KE + PE = constant
PHYSICS EDUCATION
38 (5)
(1)
429
M Follows
f comet
orbit o
b
Sun
a = distance at aphelion
b = distance at perihelion
PE of
comet at
aphelion
0.587
35.11
17.84
16 8 8
100
1 1014
GM
GM
= 21 mv 2 m
= constant
2a
r
(4)
surface of Sun
ME = 21 mv 2 m
GM
= constant
r
(2)
GM
.
= m
2a
(3)
PHYSICS EDUCATION
GM
r
(7)
2GM
.
r
(8)
=m
1.49 1023
1.52 1023
2.47 1021
At aphelion
4.06 1019
2.54 1021
2.49 1021
PHYSICS EDUCATION
431
M Follows
Asteroid
name
Radius
(km)
Mass
(1012 kg)
Gravitational field
strength (N kg1 )
Escape velocity
(m s1 )
1685
1566
1620
1862
Toro
Icarus
Geographus
Apollo
5.0
0.7
1.0
0.8
2880.0
7.9
23.0
11.8
7.68 103
1.08 103
1.53 103
1.23 103
8.8
1.2
1.8
1.4
GMToro
2
rToro
5 103 m
1
= 8.77 m s .
432
PHYSICS EDUCATION