FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA

NICANOR REYES STREET, SAMPALOC, MANILA

THE DISTENTION OF JUAN DELA CRUZ

KNOWLEDGE IN THE UPCOMING 2016
ELECTIONS
SUBMITTED BY:
ANSAY, CHRISTIAN JOSHUA
AVILANES, ALEXANDER GILLIAN LLEGO
CANLAS, JESSICA
CHIA, GHYENETH CRUZ
FABIAN, DANIELLE AGATHA TOLENTINO
SOCUBOS, REEZA JONA TANDOC

SUBMITTED TO:
PROF. ROLANDO PASCUA

AS A COMPLETION TO THE NEED FOR REQUIREMENT

IN THE COURSE COMMUNICATION ARTS II FOR THE
1ST SEMESTER OF ACADEMIC YEAR 2014-2015

OCTOBER 25, 2014

CHAPTER I- THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

1) Introduction
A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
One of the prominent issues in the Philippines is the political system present in
the government. Part of these issues are on how do the leaders be appointed on certain
positions, how do they get the sympathy and get the vote of Filipinos and on how to
deliver the public services to the Filipino citizens.
Because of this events, the researchers made a study about politics which
cover and tackle all about the knowledge of an ordinary Filipino citizen about
upcoming 2016 Elections to clear up some incidents happening in the politics
misunderstandings, political dynasty or family dynasty, and stealing the money of
countrymen which is a prerequisite of being corrupt by having such power in
government through being elected as a political official.

will
the
like
the
the

As you go on in this research, youll be able to have an epiphany, a certain

realization and understanding about an ordinary Filipino citizens level of knowledge
about the Politics in his own country. Is the status of governance, way of running and
ruling by the government is a benefit for the entire country or just for self-interest of
people who leads the country?
Juan dela Cruz, what is the distention of your knowledge particularly on the
upcoming 2016 Elections? Will you be the one, a part of being a way to achieve the
countrys progress?

i.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The researchers are extending their heartfelt and deepest gratitude to the
following for their indispensable guidance, generosity and assistance: to Professor
Rolando Pascua who always gives us tips and challenge in doing such kind of research
and for giving us healthy criticisms about our work. We would also like to thank our
respondents and those who are giving reactions about the issues related to the topic,
those who willingly and wholeheartedly spared their time without second thoughts to
answer the questions in our first and second survey, you know who you are. We would
also like to cheerfully thank the Blessings Printing and Photocopying Center because of
their service and cheap charge of printing for us not to expend up all those in our
pockets; the FEU Library and e-Library, under the supervision of Mam Teresita C. Moran
and for letting us borrow the books that we badly need to acquire additional informations
for our research paper, and for the computers and internet connection that we consumed
for researching, expanding our knowledge, revising and editing of our output. Also, to
Maam Sonia Sasot who manages the discussion rooms for it became our place for
starting, working on, studying and finishing our research paper, also for relaxation
matters, thank you for always extending our time to continue our stay in discussion
rooms. Also, thanks to Tayuman and NRH Foodcourt for the foods that they prepare and
sell for the satisfaction of our angry stomach, and thanks to our sponsors for papers,
pens and pencils that we used to keep jotting down the important details and data that
were very useful for our research. And of course, we would also like to thank our families
who still feed us up and takes care of us till this time, for giving us your unconditional
love and support, and for not calloused for giving us our daily allowances for our
expenses most especially in this term paper. Moreover, we would also like to thank the
people we loved and to whom we are hiddenly in love, for somehow giving us inspiration
to power up ourselves in studying and in bringing our research paper to an end. To our
co-researchers in the group, here it is, our own blood, sweat, and saliva, finally! Because
of paying the contributions, giving time to encode, execute surveys, doing researches,
participating in arguments and discussions about the proceeds of our research paper
and by the simple utilization of time we were able to form and produce this paper that we
are hardly working for a long time. Even though love-hate relationship does exist if one
of us is missing, we wont be able to finish this stuff, well, thank you! And most
especially, to our Almighty who is always guiding us, researchers, in the way that we are
taking and for continuously giving us the strength, determination and talent in making
such things, especially in making our research paper, and for not abandoning us when
we are weak, feeling down, losing up and when we feel like its already our Dooms Day.
Dearest Almighty, for yours is the kingdom and power and to you be the glory!

ii.

ABSTRACT

Politics, this is the word that might cause the boiling of an ordinary Filipino
citizens blood or can make such curve to the lips and smile on their faces for politics
became one of the prominent and primary issues that Filipino citizens are talking about
and observing. Why? Because politics is along with the events that are happening in our
country caused by the decisions made by the voters and the activities of the leaders in
our government, whether righteous or immoral doings. It is also the reason why this
research was held because the researchers wanted to deliver and share the findings on
the dos and donts in politics through the manner of discovering the level of knowledge
on politics of an ordinary Filipino citizen most especially now for the upcoming 2016
Elections which will be another challenge to the lives of Filipinos, the 2016 Elections will
dictate the future of our country for the years yet to come. This research has its goals to
know the things that affect and make their decisions complete, and what pushes the
ordinary Filipino citizens choose a certain candidate to be the next leader of our nation.
There are surveys, reading of books or articles, exploring the affairs related to politics
through Internet, discussions with co-researchers and people around them, and the use
of diagrams, illustrations and interpretations used as a way to finalize this research
paper which will act as a bridge to express the grievances and insights of our
countrymen about the issues related to politics and it will also be a guide so readers will
understand better the issues about the topic and politics as a whole. The knowledge of
an ordinary Filipino citizen will be expanded through reading this term paper for it covers
the informations that will show the difference between civilized and non-civilized citizen
of the Philippines with reference to political concerns, the portions and favored
characteristics and values that Filipinos look for their to-be-elected candidates and
other matters and talks that politics encompasses. We should always put in our heads
that we should not complain too much for sometimes about the ill-mannered activities in
our country governed by some of our elected leaders in our nation for in the first place
we are reason why they are appointed in their certain positions. Thats why the chance
for change and improvements are in our hands, are in the hands of ordinary Filipino
citizens. If well have right decisions, then we will live in a nation state that has the right
system on its process, without such corruptions, instead entails freedom and justice.
Each of us, ordinary Filipino citizens has a responsibility in the clean-up drive in our
government. Make a right decision for the right system for the hope of the future and
chance for change is just right here, hiding in our hands.

B) OBJECTIVE/ PURPOSE
This study aims to discover and reveal on how a certain ordinary Filipino citizen
think, judge and choose the next set of leaders that will govern the country, effectively

express to others the real definition or meaning of politics for one ordinary Filipino
citizens own opinion and understanding so that the issues and controversies that the
country is facing about politics will be noticed, and to enlighten and widen the knowledge
of one Filipino about the factors that he should consider when choosing the next leaders
of the country.
This paper also aims to get the opinions, beliefs and outlooks of the citizens
about the issues related to politics especially the issues in the government, to perceive
the informations that were gathered and to clearly and deliberately explain and elaborate
it to the readers, and to bring this out correctly but doesnt put out a 100% assurance of
perfectness and faultlessness.

2) Theoretical Foundation/ Framework

THE DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE CIVILIZED AND NONCIVILIZED IN TERMS OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING TO POLITICS

3) Importance/ Significance of the Study

This study or research is important for it will give you additional information or
knowledge about:
A. The significance of voting
B. The factors considered when choosing leaders
C. Issues that the government should consider and take action; and
D. The opinions of each of the Filipino people about the forthcoming election
and others.
This study or research is also important because there are interrogations and
inquiries like what, who, where, why, when and how will the matters related to the
system or flow of politics in the Philippines be resolved, discussed or be answered. And
in this study or research, politics will be make know and notice as an important matter
because it can affect the condition of the country and sometimes the future of the
country depends on the politics that it has, for the countrys status is the unit of
measurement if the country or a state is improving and if the leaders will be managing
the creation and composition of laws. Lastly, this research will be a way unlocking and
releasing of the reality, knowledge and information, and the perspective of one ordinary
Filipino citizen concerning politics.

4) Scope and Limitations

The scope and limitations will be the basis of the topic and issues to exist and
be elaborated, if up to where will it just be brought up.
The scope and limitations will just engage and occupy the literature that is
related to the topic. The examples that can be used or source of facts are because they
are connected and involved in the topic The Distention of Juan Dela Cruz knowledge in
the upcoming 2016 Elections or in politics are the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

Popularity;
The offsprings of politicians;
The celebrities;
The rich individuals;
The indigent and underprivileged who wants to rule in the government
Personalities who has high ratings on surveys and polls
Charismatic people and others.

First is the popularity. Because most of the voters are looking after the popularity
and personality of a certain candidate that they will vote.
Second is about the offsprings of politicians. For there are just a few of them who
were greatly pushed, pressured and becoming the core topic in various talks about
rumors that say they will be the next leaders in politics of the country.
Third is concerning the celebrities. For it is in their nature to use their fame during
campaigns as an advantage in doing political activities.
Fourth is on rich individuals. Because in this country, a large amount of those
people who can run or have control during election period are those who belong in this
group of people where they build their names or make their selves get noticed by the
countrymen through their money.
Fifth are the indigent and unprivileged individuals who aspire to rule in the
government who have the ability to govern but dont have enough assets to finance their
candidacy or their electoral campaigns. Because there are times that people get
attracted to golden wealth rather than the capability and skills to govern and serve the
public.
Sixth is with regards to personalities who have high ratings in surveys and polls.
Surveys and polls give motives and ideas about the liked politicians for a certain position
to lead in the government. Sometimes it becomes the basis of other individuals when
voting a certain politician.
Last thing will be about the charismatic people. People might perceive
charismatic people as someone who can really be a good leader, model and image of
politics because of their physical appearances.
5) DEFINITION OF TERMS

Allurement a quality that attracts people

Amending to change and improve something
Amending- to change and improve; to put right
Asset something that is owned by a person, company
Cabinet consists of the heads of the largest part of the executive branch of the national
government of the Philippines.
Calloused not feeling or showing any concern about the problems or suffering of other
people
Chaotic System complex system that shows sensitivity to initial conditions, such as an
economy, a stock market, or weather
Civilization a particular well-organized and developed society
Clobber someones clothes, supplies, or equipment
COMELEC Commission on Elections is one of the three constitutional commissions of the
Philippines. Its principal role is to enforce all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of
elections, initiatives, referendums, and recall elections
Complex a group of things that are connected in complicated ways
Data facts or information used usually to calculate, analyze, or plan something
Distention the state of being distended especially unduly or abnormally
Epiphany a moment in which you suddenly see or understand something in a new or very
clear way
Executive Branch - the branch of federal and state government that is broadly responsible
for implementing, supporting, and enforcing the laws made by the legislative branch and
interpreted by the judicial branch.
Exterminating to destroy or kill (a group of animals, people) completely
Family Dynasty a succession of rulers from the same family or line or a family or group
that maintains power for several generations.
FOIB (Freedom of Information Bill) - this FOIB is an integral element of the Aquino Good
Governance and Anti-Corruption Plan of 2012-2016. This plan lays out reforms and
initiatives that pursue greater transparency, accountability, and citizen participation in
governance.
Fortitude mental strength and courage that allows someone to face danger, pain

Fraud the crime of using dishonest methods to take something valuable from another
person
Glitches, Violence Marvote malfunctioning of precinct count optical scanners
Gratitude a feeling of appreciation and thanks
Grievances a feeling of having been treated unfairly
Heartfelt very sincere
Incumbent a person who holds a particular office or position
Indigent lacking money or very poor
Indispensable extremely important and necessary
Intimidation to make (someone) afraid
Intricate having many parts
Judiciary Branch is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of
the state. It also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputes
Legislative Branch is made up of the two houses of congress, the senate and the House of
Representatives. The most important duty of this branch is to make laws. Laws are written,
discussed and voted on in congress.
Marred to hurt or damage the good condition of (something)
NAMFREL National Citizens Movement for Free Elections is an election watchdog in the
Philippines. It was the first and one of the most famous election watch campaign.
Netizens a person who actively uses the internet especially in a proper and responsible
way
Netizens- people who use Internet
Ostentatious displaying wealth, knowledge in a way that is meant to attract attention,
admiration, or envy
Political Dynasty are the one who is controlling the state
Precinct any one of the sections that a town or city is divided into when people vote in an
election
Prerequisite a thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or
exist.
Promulgate to make (an idea, belief) known to many people

Queue a line of people who are waiting for something

Science- the knowledge or study of natural world based on facts learned through
experiments and observations; a department of systematized knowledge as an object of
study
Selflessness having or showing great concern for other people and little or no concern for
yourself
Servanthood a person who is devoted to or guided by something
Snippets a small piece of information or news
Squabble to argue loudly about things that are not important
Suffrage the right to vote in an election
Sympathy the state in which different people share the same interests, opinions, and
goals.

CHAPTER II- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1) Research Literature

ADVANTAGES OF MASS MEDIA IN POLITICS: The wide reach offered by mass

media is phenomenal. It can target a global audience. In terms of newspapers and
magazines, it can reach a specified target group. Besides, it is easily accessible. For
example, the newspaper lands on the doorstep and we have the latest news in our
drawing
rooms
due
to
the
television
set.
Certain types of media have a loyal fan following. This would mean that an advertiser,
publication or news channel would have a ready audience. We have the latest news and
information at the click of the mouse! The Internet is such a medium that it can give
many options for the kind of information required. Television, movies, Internet and the
radio are some of the best forms of entertainment. It can be used for educational
purposes in an effective manner. from www.buzzle.com/articles/pros-and-cons-ofmass-media.html
ADVANTAGES OF SURVEYS AND POLLS: Low costs- due to drastically lower
overhead, collecting data does not have to cost you thousands of dollars.
Automation and real-time access- respondents input their own data, and it is
automatically stored electronically. Analysis thus becomes easier and can be
streamlined, and is available immediately. Less time- rapid deployment and return times
are possible with online surveys that cannot be attained by traditional methods. If you
have bad contact information for some respondents, you'll know it almost right after
you've sent out your surveys. Convenience for respondents- they can answer questions
on their schedule, at their pace, and can even start a survey at one time, stop, and
complete it later. Design flexibility- surveys can be programmed even if they are very
complex. Intricate skip patterns and logic can be employed seamlessly. You can also
require that respondents provide only one response to single-choice questions, which
cuts down on error. No interviewer- respondents may be more willing to share personal
information because they're not disclosing it directly to another person. Interviewers can
also influence responses in some cases. from allaboutthesurveys.com/advantagesand-of-surveys-and-polls/
ANTI-POLITICAL DYNASTY LAW: Political dynasty is a system that is already in the
nature of Philippine politics. from thepinoysite.com/2012/10/24/anti-political-dynastylaw-asa-ka-pa/
BINAY RUNAWAY WINNER IN PRESIDENTIAL POLL: MANILA, Philippines If
presidential elections were held today and they were among the candidates, Vice
President Jejomar Jojo Binay would clobber Local Government Secretary Manuel
Mar Roxas, who is being eyed as standard-bearer of the ruling Liberal Party for the
2016 presidential elections. According to the Pulse Asia Ulat ng Bayan Survey for the
period March 19-26, 2014, Binay would be the runaway winner with 40% selecting him
as their first choice. In comparison, Roxas rated 6%, just a notch ahead of Senator
Ferdinand Bongbong Marcos Jr who got 5%. from www.rappler.com/nation/5672sbinay-runaway -winner-pulse-asia-poll
BINAYS ANTI-ELECTRONIC FRAUD WARNING: Vice- president Jejomar Binay
advised the public to be aware of possible high-tech election fraud in 2016 Elections. He
said that there may be fraud to support and make one candidate win. Because of that,
Binay aked 1 BP and Rotary Clubs to do their jobs to make sure that there will be

honest, free to fraud elections and fight Electronic fraud in the coming 2016 Elections.
from
www.dzar1026.com/vice-president-jejomar-binay-nagbabala-ng-posibleng-hightech-na-dayaan-sa-susunod-na-halalan/
CAMPAIGN PERIODS: Sec. 3. Election and campaign periods. - Unless otherwise
fixed in special cases by the Commission on Elections, which hereinafter shall be
referred to as the Commission, the election period shall commence ninety days before
the day of the election and shall end thirty days thereafter. The period of campaign shall
be as follows: 1. Presidential and Vice-Presidential Election - 90 days; 2. Election of
Members of the Batasang Pambansa and Local Election - 45 days; and 3. Barangay
Election - 15 days. The campaign periods shall not include the day before and the day of
the election. However, in case of special elections under Article VIII, Section 5,
Subsection (2) of the Constitution, the campaign period shall be forty-five days. from
www.chanrobles.com/electioncodeofthephilippines.htm
CELEBRITY POLITICIANS AS CAMPAIGN STARS:
Further, CPIs (Celebrity
Politicians) must perform across a range of media to define their personas, demonstrate
their fortitude and enhance their appeal to the electorate. from Chapter 4, page 87, 2nd
paragraph of Celebrity Politics by Mark Wheeler (2013)
CELEBRITY POLITICIANS AS CAMPAIGN STARS: On one hand, politicians utilize
imagery to make themselves electable. from page 88 of Celebrity Politics by Mark
Wheeler (2013)
CELEBRITY POLITICIANS AS CAMPAIGN STARS: Contemporary political elites have
continued to draw on the forms of celebrity and renown which previous leaders used to
signify their power and status. from Chapter 4, page 87, 1st paragraph of Celebrity
Politics by Mark Wheeler (2013)
COLLABORATION: They are not only part of this world, but in a way also represent the
social political world in their efforts of governing together, instead of doing things alone.
from Chapter 7, page 97, 1st paragraph of Jan Kooimans Governing as Governance
(2003)
COMELEC SUGGESTS USE OF DIRECT-RECORDING ELECTRONIC VOTING
MACHINES IN 2016: The Commission on Elections (Comelec) has recommended to
Congress and Malacanang the use direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting machines
for the 2016 presidential elections in order to speed up the casting and canvassing of
votes. In an exclusive interview after attending the hearing on electoral reforms in the
Senate, Comelec Chairman Sixto Brillantes Jr., said that the idea was one of the three
alternatives discussed with the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) and the
Joint Congressional Oversight Committee on Electoral Reforms. We have submitted to
Congress some alternatives, because we can use the DRE, Direct-recording Electronic
voting machine, but it will be costly, Brillantes said. Brillantes said the machine will cost
the government about P60 billion. If DRE (Direct-Recording Electronic) system, P60

billion,
can
we
afford
to
have
it
thevotingnews.com/international/asia/Philippines/

as

our

expense?-

from

COMELEC: COMELEC or Commission on Elections is a free constitutional commission

that was assigned to give life and meaning to the principle basis of the power is within
the people of the country and all the authority of the government came here. from
fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/COMELEC
COMMUNICATION: A view of communication as a complex network of interactive
relationships whose understanding is a necessary condition of successful
communication. from Chapter 3, page 38, 1st paragraph of Jan Kooimans Governing
as Governance (2003).
COMMUNICATIVE GOVERNANCE: New patterns of governance are addressed to
stiFromte learning processes, leading to co-operative behavior and mutual adjustment,
in order that responsibilityfor managing change is shared by all or most involved actors.
from Chapter 7, page 100, 1st paragraph of Jan Kooimans Governing as Governance
(2003)
CONCLUSION: At the same time, politicians have incorporated the value of celebrity
within the forms of political imagery they have developed. from page 170 of Celebrity
Politics by Mark Wheeler (2013)
CONCLUSION: Celebrity Politicians have appropriated image-making techniques taken
from packaged campaigns to blur the lines between politics and entertainment. from
page 110 of Celebrity Politics by Mark Wheeler (2013)
CONCLUSION: Consequently, there has been a transformation from a personalization
of politics into the celebritization of a politicians candidacy. from page 110 of Celebrity
Politics by Mark Wheeler (2013)
CONCLUSION: In academic circles, celebrity may be viewed as a manufactured
product, one fabricated by media exposure so that celebrity activists are no more than
bards of the powerful. from back of the cover of Celebrity Politics by Mark Wheeler
(2013)
CONCLUSION: In modern democracies, charismatic leaders with likeable yet unique
personas have contested election campaigns. from page 110 of Celebrity Politics by
Mark Wheeler (2013)
CONCLUSION: It has been noted that celebrities have become more politically
conscious in an era of global mediation of communications. -from page 170 of Celebrity
Politics by Mark Wheeler (2013)
CONCLUSION: Therefore, celebrity politicians and politicized celebrities need to
demonstrate ideological substance and provide clarity in establishing a fixed range of

meanings through which people may achieve a real sense of connection with political
causes. from page 171 of Celebrity Politics by Mark Wheeler (2013)
CONCLUSION: Therefore, modern leaders have honed their telegenic attributes to
connect with the electorate. from page 110 of Celebrity Politics by Mark Wheeler
(2013)
CONCLUSION: This does not mean that it unconditionally accepts the validity of
celebrity politicians or political celebrities, as their democratic worth remains contested.
from page 170 of Celebrity Politics by Mark Wheeler (2013)
CONCLUSION: Thus, CPI (Celebrity Politicians) have emerged as a result of
permanent campaigns, the rise of the politician as an entertainer and electoral success.
from page 110 of Celebrity Politics by Mark Wheeler (2013)
CONCLUSION: Thus, such a celebritization of politics has brought about alternative
forms of political engagement which indicate cultural changes in the concepts of
citizenship and participation. from page 170 of Celebrity Politics by Mark Wheeler
(2013)
CONCLUSION: Undoubtedly, some of the activities of celebrity politicians and activists
has been problematic. from page 170 of Celebrity Politics by Mark Wheeler (2013)
CONSEQUENCES WHEN VIOLATING: Those who violate shall be punished with
imprisonment of not less than one year but more than six years and shall not be subject
to probation. from www.lawphil.net/statutes/bataspam/bp1985/bp_881_1985.html
COOPERATION: Governing actors will co-operate under conditions involving mutual
interests, limited numbers, and common concern about the future, and will provide the
necessary institutions, in the shape of self- enforcing agreements based upon principles
of reciprocity. from Chapter 7, page 100, 1st paragraph of Jan Kooimans Governing as
Governance (2003)
DISADVANTAGES OF MASS MEDIA IN POLITICS: At times, the information reported
may not be authentic from every angle. Hence, there may be a misinterpretation of a
situation. News can be manipulated to influence the minds of the audiences. For
example - a particular political party may manipulate reports in their favor, which would
indicate the political control in the media. Media bias can occur due to various issues. A
journalist or an editor may give personal preference to an issue. A particular event or a
celebrity may receive undue importance and set wrong ideals before the youth. It may
present an ostentatious lifestyle, which may inculcate wrong ideals amongst youngsters.
Unnecessary sensationalism of an issue may project wrong information to the public.
Misleading messages may again divert young minds towards a wrong path. Wrong
interpretation of news may even blow things out of proportion. This would create further
unrest in any place or even violence in case of extreme situations. At times, a particular
event or news item may receive too much attention simply because of the lack of
important news or snippets. This would again present a wrong idea before the public.
Certain mass media such as newspapers or leaflets have a very short shelf life. In terms

of advertising, it would not serve to be useful for every kind of product or message.
from www.buzzle.com/articles/pros-and-cons-of-mass-media.html
DISADVANTAGES OF SURVEYS AND POLLS: Limited sampling and respondent
availability- certain populations are less likely to have internet access and to respond to
online questionnaires. It is also harder to draw probability samples based on e-mail
addresses or website visitations. Possible cooperation problems- although online
surveys in many fields can attain response rates equal to or slightly higher than that of
traditional modes, internet users today are constantly bombarded by messages and can
easily delete your advances. No interviewer- a lack of a trained interviewer to clarify and
probe
can
possibly
lead
to
less
reliable
data.
from
allaboutthesurveys.com/disadvantages-and-of-surveys-and-polls/
ELECTORAL SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES: Since 1935, the Commission on
Elections (COMELEC) has administered all electoral exercises in the Philippines.- from
library.fesde/pdf-files/iez/01361006.pdf
ELECTORAL SYSTEMS: Electoral systems refer to the detailed constitutional
arrangements and voting systems which convert the vote into a determination of which
individuals and political parties are elected to positions of power.-from
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_process_in_the_Philippines
GLITCHES, VIOLENCE MARVOTE: Malfunctioning precinct count optical scanners
(PCOS) yesterday compounded the usual concerns of missing voter names, ballot
switching, vote buying and violent incidents on election day. Officials of the Commission
on Elections (Comelec), however, agreed that the conduct of elections in the Visayas
yesterday was generally peaceful. In Western Visayas, PCOS machines in some
precincts in at least 10 areas in Negros Occidental malfunctioned and delayed the voting
process, said provincial elections supervisor Wil Arceo. In precincts where the
machines were inoperable, the Board of Election Inspectors kept the ballots in a secured
envelope to be counted by another machine. Affected were the towns of Pulupandan,
Manapla, Ilog, Isabela, and La Castellana as well as the cities of Kabankalan, Cadiz,
Silay, Bago and Bacolod. The machines either had defective memory cards or LCD
(liquid crystal display) screens. Some did not accept the ballots and others overheated,
said Mr. Arceo. from thevotingnews.com/tag/smartmatic/
GRACE POE FOR 2016?: Grace Poes emergence as a senatorial frontrunner is a
surprise since Loren Legarda has long perceived as the leader according to surveys.
Poe denied Legarda the chance of being the first Filipina in Philippine political history to
top the senatorial race thrice. This can have implications for the 2016 race, too. from
www.filipinoscvibe.com/2013/05/14/grace-poe-2016/
HOW IMPORTANT IS POLITICAL INTELLECT FOR CANDIDATES: We have to
consider that a good college education in fields such as Public Administration, Political
Science and Economics and other politics-related courses will provide a candidate with a
better, more coherent platform at the very least. Four years of a well-disciplined

education will train a soon-to-be public official for public office. He/she will not squabble
around his first months trying to figure out what to do with the position he/she has
obtained. The bottomline is: He/she would actually have an idea of what to do in that
position. A politically- related degree provides an academic background for somebody
wanting to work in the government. There are common principles and practices that are
taught in these degrees; therefore an education in this area will give an official
competitive strength and will allow the official to better understand what he/she is getting
himself/herself into. A formal education is increasingly important. It is almost crucial to a
governments success. A college degree promises advanced knowledge and skills in the
interrelated responsibilities of managing and leading a government position. It provides a
critical context within which organizations and individuals act to develop well-grounded
public policies and management practices.The popular movie star turned politicianwithout a platform is really a sad thing. Many have expressed fear and dislike at the way
the entertainment industry has taken over the political scene. Showbiz figures whose
main qualification for public office is their popularity, defeating their more intellectuallyengaging, better educated, more capable opponents at the elections. This should be no
surprise, given that we have no real party system, a party system with one ideology,
platform, and a program for action and a vision. Filipino politics is not based on parties
or intelligence or good platforms, but on personalities. Hence, the popularity of showbiz
personalities.
from
www.poveda.edu.ph/index.php/page/view/collage/view/429/newsid/587/on-politicalcandidates----a-position-paper.html
HOW INTERNET AFFECTS POLITICS: Already the Internet is being used extensively
by political parties and candidates to campaign. Social media has dramatically changed
the way in which modern political campaigns are run. with more generation X and
Generation Y coming into the voting population, social media is the platform on which
the politicians need to establish themselves and engage with the voters. Especially in a
digital age, social media will be more important than traditional media, if not already, to
the politicians.Taking Australia as an example below: In Australia, 86% of Australians
access the Internet, and with a 17,048,864 voting age population (according to
IDEA,http://www.idea.int/vt/countryview.cfm?CountryCode=AU), around 14,662,023
voting population has access to Internet, and 65% of them use social media, which
means 9,530,314 Australian voters use social media. (The 2013 Yellow Social Media
Report found that among internet users 65% of Australians use social media, up from
62% last year.) Therefore, with almost half of Australian voting population on social
media, political parties are adapting quickly to influence and connect with their voters.
from Politics- The Basics by Stephen Tansley (1997)
HOW WAS JUDICIARY CHOSEN?: The judiciary branch of the government is headed
by the Supreme Court, which has a Chief Justice as its head and 14 Associate Justices,
all appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council.
from www.philembassy.no/philippine-government

HOW WAS LEGISLATURE CHOSEN?: The remainder of the House seats are
designated for sectoral representatives elected at large through a complex "party list"
system, hinging on the party receiving at least 2% to 6% of the national vote total. The
upper house is located in Pasay City, while the lower house is located in Quezon City.
The district and sectoral representatives are elected with a term of three years. They can
be reelected but they are no longer eligible to run for a fourth consecutive term. The
senators are elected to a term of six years. They can be reelected but they are no longer
eligible to run for a third consecutive term. The House of Representatives may opt to
pass a resolution for a vacancy of a legislative seat that will pave way for a special
election. The winner of the special election will serve the unfinished term of the previous
district representative; this will be considered as one elective term. The same rule
applies in the Senate however it only applies if the seat is vacated before a regular
legislative election. from www.philembassy.no/philippine-government
INTEREST GROUPS: A pressure or interest group is a formal social group that differs
from a political party seeking only to influences the governmentand not to become a
formal part of it. from Politics- The Basics by Stephen Tansley (1997)
JINGGOY ESTRADA, OPEN FOR POSSIBILITIES TO RUN ON 2016: In the last
survey executed by the Pulse Asia, jinggoy Estrada got 4% in favor of him running as
vice-president.
from
www.dzmm.abscbnnews.com/news/National/Jinggoy._bukas_pa_rin_sa_posibilidad_ng_pagtakbo_sa_2
016.html
KNOWLEDGE: Knowledge is also a source of power, so there is great interest in
obtaining insight in knowledge production and its distribution. from Chapter 3, page
32, 1st paragraph of Jan Kooimans Governing as Governance (2003)
LEARNING: Learning occurs in all aspects of governing, from practical problem solving,
to institutional learning, and learning at the meta level of governance. from Chapter 3,
page 33, 1st paragraph of Jan Kooimans Governing as Governance (2003)
MAKING RIGHT CHOICE IN 2016 ELECTION IS CRUCIAL: The nation needs to
prepare early for the 2016 national election. It is a very important election because
Filipinos will choose their leader for the next six years and their choice could either make
or break the progressive streak that the incumbent administration has started. Political
pundits are in consensus that the Philippines needs another term or two of good
governance in order to have a sustainable economic base that will propel it to prosperity.
The countdown to the 2016 Presidential election has begun. VP Binay has officially
announced his presidential ambitions, dropped hints on who will be his possible running
mates, started building a new party, and courted members for his coalition. Others have
kept mum about their intentions. There is no doubt they are also working behind the
scenes: organizing, bribing, favor trading, vote-buying, lining up celebrity endorsers and
all the fun stuff that Filipino politicians do while waiting to unveil their election machine.
Enough of the Filipino political culture potshots, let us move to something positive like

what the incumbent administration has accomplished so far. from

joeam.com/2014/04/11/why-making-the-right-choice-in-the-2016-election-is-crucial/
MASS MEDIA IN POLITICS: The existing conventional mass mediapress, radio and
TVwe are mainly concerned with broadcasting: the centralized organization of simple
flow of information to large number of recipients. from Politics- The Basics by Stephen
Tansley (1997)
NAMFREL: NAMFREL or National Citizens Movement for Free Elections is the acting
security
officer
of
election
in
the
Philippines.from
fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/NAMFREL
OPINION OF CHURCH: The Politics in the Philippines has one important reason: it
became significant to us as humans in the way of applying it to our lives. It may be the
heaviest suffering in our lives as one country and a mannerly hindrance to achieve the
progress
of
the
whole
country.Oscar
V.
Cruz,
D.
D.
from
www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/New_Intermidiate_Tagalog/Itermidiate_Thematic_Lesson/
Relihiyon/reading/htm.
PARTICIPATION AND DIRECT DEMOCRACY: Important decisions are being taken by
all the citizens in a popular assembly by majority vote.- from pages 170-172 of PoliticsThe Basics pages (by Stephen D. Tansley-1997).
PEOPLES RIGHT TO VOTE: Section 1. Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of
the Philippines, not otherwise disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age,
and who shall have resided in the Philippines for at least one year and in the place
wherein they propose to vote, for at least six months immediately preceding the election.
No literacy, property, or other substantive requirement shall be imposed on the exercise
of suffrage. Section 2. The Congress shall provide a system for securing the secrecy
and sanctity of the ballot as well as a system for absentee voting by qualified Filipinos
abroad. The Congress shall also design a procedure for the disabled and the illiterates
to vote without the assistance of other persons. Until then, they shall be allowed to vote
under existing laws and such rules as the Commission on Elections may promulgate to
protect the secrecy of the ballot. from www.lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS: The Philippine government takes place
in an organized framework of a presidential, representative, and democratic republic
whereby the president is both the head of state and the head of government. This
system revolves around three separate and sovereign yet interdependent branches: the
legislative branch (the law-making body), the executive branch (the law-enforcing body),
and the judicial branch (the law-interpreting body). Executive power is exercised by the
government under the leadership of the president. Legislative power is vested in both
the government and the two-chamber congressthe Senate (the upper chamber) and
the House of Representatives (the lower chamber). Judicial power is vested in the courts
with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body. from
tl.wikipedia.org/wika/Politika_sa_Pilipinas

POCKETS OF VIOLENCE DURING ELECTIONS: Village elections across the

Philippines were relatively peaceful Monday but voting in some rural areas was marred
by violence, including two killings, shootouts and the burning of a voting center, officials
said. Troops and police went on full security alert to avert more violence after 22
candidates and supporters died in pre-election violence, mostly shootouts, over the past
month. Violence and fraud have long been an unsettling hallmark of Philippine
elections. Fifteen people were killed in village election violence in 2010 and 57 died in
the 2007 elections, police said. In the latest violence, the husband of a candidate for
village chairman was shot and killed Monday by suspected political rivals in Jaro town in
central Leyte province. A supporter of another village candidate was killed during a
rowdy confrontation with army troops in southern Agusan del Sur province, according to
police. from thevotingnews.com/international/asia/Philippines/
POLITICAL
COMMUNICATION:
Political
communication is
a
subfield
of communication and political science that is concerned with how information spreads
and influences politics. Since the advent of the World Wide Web, the amount of data to
analyze has exploded, and researchers are shifting to computational methods to study
the dynamics of political communication. In recent years, machine learning, natural
language processing, and network analysis have become key tools in the subfield. The
field of political communication concern 2 main areas:Election campaigns - Political
communications involved in campaigning for elections. Government operations - This
role is usually fulfilled by a Ministry of Communications, Information Technology or
similar political entity. Such an entity is in charge of maintaining communication
legislation and would be responsible for setting telecommunications policy and
regulations as well as issuing broadcasting licenses, comments press releases, etc...
According to James Chesebro, there are five critical approaches to contemporary
Political communications: Machiavellian - i.e. power relationships; Iconic - symbols are
important; Ritualistic - Redundant and superficial nature of political acts - manipulation of
symbols; Confirmation - political aspects looked at as people we endorse; Dramatistic politics
is
symbolically
constructed.
(Kenneth
Burke).
from
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_communications
POLITICAL MARKETING: There were rapid rebuttal, which is responding to your
opponents press releases, speeches, stunts, etc., in time to make the same press or
broadcasting deadline so that you share the column inches or broadcasting time with
them. from Politics- The Basics by Stephen Tansley (1997)
POLITICAL PARTIES: "Political party" or "party", when used in this Act, means an
organized group of persons pursuing the same ideology, political ideas or platforms of
government and includes its branches and divisions. To acquire juridical personality,
quality it for subsequent accreditation, and to entitle it to the rights and privileges herein
granted to political parties, a political party shall first be duly registered with the
Commission. Any registered political party that, singly or in coalition with others, fails to
obtain at least ten percent of the votes cast in the constituency in which it nominated and
supported a candidate or candidates in the election next following its registration shall,

after notice and hearing be deemed to have forfeited such status as a registered political
party in such constituency. from www.lawphil.net/statutes/bataspam/bp1985/bp_881_
POLITICS DEFINED: Politics is the science and art of government; the science dealing
with the form, organization and administration of a state. - from the Merriam-Webster
Dictionary App (by Merriam Webster) and Politics- The Basics pages 3-5 (by Stephen D.
Tansley-1997)
POLITICS IN EVERYDAY LIFE: Without going through every minute of your day, it is
clear that government is likely to be affecting almost every one of them in similar ways
(say air quality, traffic regulations, employment lawfill out the story yourself!)- found in
pages 1-3 of Politics- The Basics by Stephen Tansley (1997)
POLITICS IN THE PHILIPPINES: One of our countrys problems is having a chaotic
system related to politics. Many of the leading politicians in our country are not deserving
for their positions. One of the hindrances for our countrys progress is having a serious
problem about corruption. It is one violence against the law which is needed to be solved
with right, moral solution. It is a nature in our society to have someone who is leading
just for money through using or having the wealth of others, which is the biggest problem
of our society. The selfish act of having the wealth of the country, where corrupt men
dont think for the future of other people and of the country, affects the lowest class of
people the most. In our country, the one who has power are abusive and enjoying the
things
that
they
shouldnt
have.
from
maryangelicavicemcio.blogspot.com/2013/03/ang-pulitika-sa-pilipinas-html
PRES. AQUINO CAN RUN WITHOUT AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION ON 2016:
Political strategies play around with combinations and see what team-ups could
produce a box office hit, in this case, electoral victories. from
raissarobles.com/2014/03/03/presidentaquino.can-run-in-2016-without-amending-theconstitution
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2016: THE ASPIRING CANDIDATES: Elections in the
Philippines have been tagged as colorful by other countries because we have a lot of
characters to choose from all the time. Not to mention, a lot of gimmicks too. Unlike in
the USA where there are only two parties, in our country, there happens to be a lot which
makes it difficult to choose the best one out of the bunch. It gets even more difficult when
political advertisements and scandals start to appear as the Election Day approaches.
The best way to counter that is by being informed and conducting your own research.
While its probably too early to pick a candidate now since the filing for candidacy hasnt
even started yet, its best to be well-informed so you can make a sound decision on
2016. from thelordoftheeras.wordpress.com/2014/06/23/presidential-election-2016the-aspiring-candidates/
REQUIREMENTS FOR EXECUTIVE CANDIDACY: Article VII, Section 1, of the 1987
Constitution vests executive power to the President of the Philippines, who functions as
the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of

the Philippines. As chief executive, the President of the Philippines exercises control
over all the executive departments, bureaus, and offices. The President of the
Philippines is elected by direct vote by the people for a term of six years. He may only
serve for one term, and is ineligible for reelection. The term of the President of the
Philippines starts at noon of the 30th day of June after an election is held. The
qualifications for an individual aspiring to become the President of the Philippines are
outlined in Article VII, Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution. According to the constitution,
an individual may become President provided he meets the following criteria: natural
born Filipino; a registered voter; must be able to read and write; 40 years of age at the
day of the election; and must have resided in the Philippines ten years before the
election is held. from www.gov.ph/about/gov/exec
REQUIREMENTS FOR LEGISLATIVE CANDIDACY: According to the 1987
Constitution, legislative power shall be vested in the Congress of the Philippines, which
shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Senate shall be
composed of twenty-four Senators who shall be elected at large by the qualified voters
of the Philippines, as may be provided by law; the House of Representatives shall be
composed of not more than 250 (unless otherwise fixed by law), 20 percent of whom
must be Party-list representatives. The qualifications to become a senator, as stipulated
in the constitution, are: a natural-born citizen of the Philippines; at least thirty-five years
old; is able to read and write; a registered voter; and a resident of the Philippines for not
less than two years before Election Day. Meanwhile, the constitution provides for the
following criteria to become a member of the House of Representatives: a natural-born
citizen of the Philippines; at least twenty-five years old; is able to read and write; and
except the party-list representatives, a registered voter and a resident for at least one
year in the district where s/he shall be elected.- from www.gov.ph/about/gov/thelegislative-branch/
ROLE OF POLITICS, CULTURE AND ECONOMY: Our society is composed by three
major aspects: Politics, Culture and Economy. These three are the signs to have a
civilized society and organized government. Thats why it has a very significant role in
the history of each society. If there will be no progress in these three aspects, there is a
possibility that there will be no event of interaction among its countrymen; there will be
also no more civilization if theres no interaction among people and also there will be no
more valued history if there will be no more civilizations to happen. Thats why it is
important to have honest, successful elections for politics is connected to culture and
economy- that one movement of change in one aspect affects the remaining aspect of
society,
just
like
tectonic
plates.from
erricsonthezapper.coorpress.com/2012/84112/ang-papel-ng-pulitika-kultura-atekonomiya-sa-pagbuo-ng-kasaysayang-pook .
SHOULD ELECT FEMALE PRESIDENT IN 2016?: For senator Miriam DefensorSantiago, the next constitutional election will decide the third female president. from
www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/352071/news/nation/Miriam-phl-should-elect-femalepresident-in-2016

SOCIAL- POLITICAL GOVERNANCE: The essence of the argument is that

governance of and in modern societies is a mix of all kinds of governing efforts by all
manner of social- political actors, public as well as private; occurring between them at
different levels, in different governance modes and orders. from Chapter 1, page 3, 3rd
paragraph of Jan Kooimans Governing as Governance (2003)
SYSTEM OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES: The system that the
government of the Philippines has is democracy. In this system, we are free to choose a
president and other leaders in our own will. We also have the freedom to criticize and be
a healthy critique in the way our leaders govern our country.- from
tl.answers.com/2/Ano_ang_sistema_ng_pamahalaan_ng_Pilipinas
TERMS FOR POSITIONS: Elections are for fixed terms. All elected officials have threeyear terms, except for the president, vice president and senators, which are six years. All
terms begin and end on June 30 of the election year. from
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines
VOTER REGISTRATION FOR 2016: The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) is
once more set to begin the registration of new voters with exactly two years left before
the 2016 national elections. The COMELEC will accept applications for voter registration
beginning tomorrow, May 6 until October 31, 2015. According to COMELEC Resolution
9853, the Office of the Election Officer (OEO) across the countrys cities and
municipalities should accept applications five days a week, preferably from Sunday to
Thursday. COMELEC spokesperson James Jimenez said via Twitter new voters should
have no more excuses not to be registered since their offices will now be open during
Sundays. He added that they are expecting three million new voters for the 2016 polls.
Any Filipino citizen who meets the requirements below is eligible to register and vote: At
least eighteen (18) years of age on or before May 9, 2016 Synchronized National, Local
and ARMM Regional Elections; A resident of the Philippines for at least one (1) year and
in the place wherein he/she proposes to vote, for at least six (6) months immediately
preceding the May 9, 2016 synchronized national, local and ARMM regional elections;
and not otherwise disqualified by law. from www.filipinoscribe.com/2014/os/os/voterregistration-for-2016-polls-may-6-2014-to-october-31-2015/
WHAT IS EXECUTIVE BRANCH?/HOW WAS IT CHOSEN?: The executive branch is
headed by the President who functions as both the head of state and the head of
government. The president is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines. The president is elected by popular vote to a term of six years. The
president, then, appoints (and may dismiss) his/her cabinet members whom he/she
presides over. The executive seat of government is administered officially from
Malacaang Palacealso the official residence of the presidentin Manila. The
President may no longer run for re-election, unless he/she becomes president through
constitutional succession and has served for no more than four years as president. The
second highest official, the vice-president is first in line to succession should the
president resign, be impeached or die in office. The vice-president usually, though not
always, may be a member of the president's cabinet. If there is a vacancy in the position

of Vice President, the President will appoint any member of Congress (usually a party
member) as new Vice President. The appointment will be validated by a three-fourths
vote of Congress voting separately. from www.philembassy.no/philippines/government
WHAT IS JUDICIARY?: The judiciary' (also known as the judicial system or 'court
system) is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of
the state. The judiciary also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. Under
the doctrine of the separation of powers, the judiciary generally does not make law (that
is, in a plenary fashion, which is the responsibility of the legislature) or enforce law
(which is the responsibility of the executive), but rather interprets law and applies it to the
facts of each case. This branch of the state is often tasked with ensuring equal justice
under law. It usually consists of a court of final appeal (called the "Supreme court" or
"Constitutional court"), together with lower courts. from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary
WHAT IS LEGISLATIVE BRANCH?: A legislature is a decision-making organization
usually associated with national government that has the power to enact, amend and
repel laws. Legislatures observe and steer governing actions and usually have exclusive
authority to amend the budget or budgets involved in the process. - from
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislature
WHO, WHEN, WHERE AND HOW TO VOTE?: Every citizen above the age of 18 on
Election Day may vote. In order to actually vote, a citizen has to register. The COMELEC
has a registration period a few months prior to the election. Those who are not
registered will not appear on the voters' list and is ineligible to vote despite being
qualified to do so. People aged 15 to 18 may vote in Sangguniang Kabataan elections.
Same with their adult counterparts, the COMELEC has a registration period a few
months prior to the election. Once a registered voter finds his/her name in the voters' list
and locates the correct precinct, he may queue in line for the distribution of the ballot.
Prior to the 2010 elections, voters have to write the names of the candidates next to the
positions in which they are running. COMELEC-approved nicknames maybe used by the
voters in writing the names. After the polling period ends, the Board of Election
Inspectors (or the teachers manning the polling precinct) counts the ballots by hand.
Once all the ballots are counted, the election returns will now be sent to the city or
municipal Board of Canvassers, political parties and other groups. However, since the
2010 elections, the voters now have to shade the oval that was indicated before the
candidate's name, and a voting machine automatically counts each ballot as it is fed into
it. The results will then be printed as the election return and sent electronically to the city
or
municipal
Board
of
Canvassers.
from
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines
WILL MANUAL RECOUNT SHOW MORE VOTES THAN VOTERS?: Comelec chief
Sixto Brillantes will never allow a manual recount of even only the automated senatorial
voting. He will do all to block it, from stunning his critics with the cost (Pay up P200
million first) to having presidential spokesmen speak for him (We preferred to sweep
the entire slate but we didnt). A manual recount is forbidden. For, it not only will confirm
the statistically dubious 60-30-10 percent outcomes of winners and losers in all regions.

It could also expose that there were more votes than voters. The discrepancy of votes
and voters is the reason why both the precinct counting and the official canvassing were
never completed. No politician is questioning for fear perhaps of the powerful Comelec,
critics say. To recall, Brillantes on Election Day, May 13, declared a low 65-percent voter
turnout, 33.8 million of the 52 million registered voters. It was only a midterm balloting,
he said. The next day the seven Comelec commissioners convened as the national
board of canvassers. Sluggishly they started with the advanced overseas votes, since
undisclosed kinks were delaying the transmissions of local results to the central server.
Then suddenly on Thursday, May 16th, they proclaimed six senators, and on Friday the
17th three more.- from thevotingnews.com/international/asia/Philippines/

CHAPTER III
1) Participants/ Respondents

As the topic chosen for this research is related to politics particularly on

the upcoming 2016 Elections, we had to fix a number of 100 respondents for our
survey composing of the 10 questions. And the respondents we have gathered
were various Filipino citizens (students, professors, professionals, workers and
ordinary people) aged 18 and above who were likely to participate in the
upcoming elections coming from the UAAP and NCAA universities and colleges,
here in Manila and in different provinces, regardless of their gender and their
status in life.

2) Research Instruments

The methodologies used in this term paper or research paper are the surveys
utilized, reading of books or articles, searching and exploring using the Internet,
discussions, conversations and arguments, and constructing diagrams, illustrations and
interpretations.
First is the survey. The ideas, complains and opinions of the countrymen or of
group of people will be discovered and uncovered through the application of surveys.
Surveys were used in this research paper for it will be an approaching technique to
obtain the data, facts or information that will be associated in the topic at to have a
discussion on the other issues that arise in this paper.
Second is the activity of reading books or articles that has relation and regards on
politics. Through looking on every bookshelves of the library and browsing numerous
and various books and articles, the contents and substances of this paper will be
expanded for topic to be more analyzed and examined based on the published books
and articles, and to look or discover the remaining issues that were not yet discoursed.
Third is through searching and exploring informations and facts on the Internet.
Because of the modernized and advanced form of living nowadays, its easier and more
convenient to collect facts, data and informations concerning such one particular subject.
By the means of Internet, we can see and able to know the emotions, reactions and
point of view of the Netizens about the topic being discussed and be able to put out and
discover new articles that were recently brought out that will enrich the term paper.
Fourth is through discussions, conversations and arguments practiced by the
members or researchers. By means of brainstorming, the informations or knowledge
gathered and acquired were developed, spreading out and opened up that will be used
to the issues, interrogations and discussions which will give more eminence and
proficiency of the paper.
Lastly is the construction of diagrams, illustrations and interpretations. Through its
construction, the topic will be more deliberately discussed and elaborated for the readers
to have the capacity to understand and appreciate it well.

3) Data Gathering Procedure

The data for this research were collected using a survey questionnaire. The survey
was created using suitable questions modified from related research and individual
questions formed by the researcher. The survey was comprised of 10 questions, which
were related to the participants perception regarding Philippine politics, particularly to
the upcoming Election 2016. In the questionnaire, Likert scale was used to determine if
the respondent agreed or disagreed in a statement. After the professor validated the
questionnaire, these were distributed to various Filipino citizens (students, professors,
professionals, workers and ordinary people) aged 18 and above who were likely to
participate in the upcoming elections coming from the UAAP and NCAA universities and
colleges, here in Manila and in different provinces. The researchers assured
confidentiality of their survey sheets since the identities are not important. The
researchers also understood that peoples consciousness may also affect their honesty
and effectiveness in answering the survey, and so, the researchers gave people the
option of being anonymous. Participants were given time to respond and then the
researchers collected the surveys the next day. There were no incentives offered for
participating in the research. Next, the researchers planned the questions that they
would be asking to the interview. The researchers interviewed certain number of
students in the population regarding the upcoming elections.
The group used Stratified Random Sampling. In this sampling technique, the
group got random samples in a population which was composed of several various
Filipino citizens (students, professors, professionals, workers and ordinary people) aged
18 and above who were likely to participate in the upcoming elections coming from the
UAAP and NCAA universities and colleges, here in Manila and in different provinces.
From each of these groups, the sample size was drawn randomly.

CHAPTER IV- Presentation and Interpretation of Results

In the operated survey, the researchers acquired information from 100 respondents
about the following questions:
1) As one ordinary Filipino citizen, do you feel the presence of the government?
a. Ye
b. No
2) If yes, in what manner? How? (Answer can be more than one)
a. Improving economy
b. Exterminating poverty
c. Correcting incorrect governance and systems in the government
d. Other (Please specify) _________________
3) In what gender do you think would a leader be at best?
a. Male leader
b. Female leader
4) In what age do you think would be the most suitable for the candidate for Presidency
and Vice-Presidency?
a. 40-50
b. 51-60
c. 61-above
5) In what age do you think would be the most suitable for the candidate for Senatorial
position?
a. 35-50
b. 51-60
c. 61-above
6) What leader would you prefer?
a. New one
b. Existing candidates
7) Are you in favor of the Political Dynasty or manner of leading in the government?
8) What are the things that you look for a leader? (Answer can be more than one)
a. Charisma
b. Has knowledge on politics
c. Popularity
d. Celebrity
e. Prosperous one
f. Has a relative or family member related on politics
g. Intelligent and wise
h. Pleasing physical appearance
i. High ratings on surveys and polls
j. Other (Please specify) _________________
9) Are you in favor of the FOIB or the Freedom of Information Bill?
a. Yes
b. No
10) What system of voting would you most likely would prefer?
a. Manual
b. Automated

After the thorough manner of acquiring informations, we put together the results of
what are the insights and grievances of the Filipino men on what they think on the status
of our government nowadays, if they are in favor on the changes and on what should be

the characteristics or qualifications for a certain leader. And this was the result of the
following:
STATEMENT ABOUT THE FIRST QUESTION (TABLE 1.1)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES

NO

In the first question As one ordinary Filipino citizen, do you feel the presence of
the government?, 56 respondents answered Yes and 44 respondents for No. The
result for those who answered Yes and No were not that far from each other which
reveals that there was a partly opinion of people about the state of the governance of the
present administration or government.

STATEMENT ABOUT THE SECOND QUESTION (TABLE 1.2)

Pag-unlad ng Ekonomiya

32%

Pagtuwid sa maling kalakaran sa pamahalaan

29%

32%

7%

Pagpuksa sa Kahirapan

Ibang opinyon

Related to the first question, we asked those who answered Yes if in what way
they feel the presence of the government. In the 56 respondents of ours who said Yes,
26 of them responded that it is because of the improving economy and some of these 26
has other opinions and reasons for it, while 24 of them said that they feel the presence
of the government because of correcting of incorrect governance and systems in the
government. And 6 out of 56 respondents said that they feel the presence of the
government because of the extermination of poverty. This means that those who
answered Yes believe that the government is doing activities or actions to eliminate
poverty.
STATEMENT ABOUT THE THIRD QUESTION (TABLE 1.3)

41%
FEMALE
59%

MALE

The third question speaks about In what gender do you think would a leader be
at best? Male or female?. Among the 100 respondents, we asked them if in what
gender do they think a leader be at best. And it reveals that 59% chose male leaders to
rule and 41% for female leaders. Their percentage is a little bit afar from each other but it
still shows a sign that Filipinos still wanted a female leader despite of having a not so
good governance of the prior administration because of the corruption issues and others.
STATEMENT ABOUT THE FOURTH QUESTION (TABLE 1.4)
AGED 40-50

10%

AGED 51-60

AGED 61-ABOVE

6%

84%

The researchers asked 100 respondents if what would be their opinion about the
appropriate age for candidates for Presidency and Vice-Presidency. We found out that
84% or 84 respondents pronounced that they would prefer those candidates who are at
the age of 40-50 who are considered to be the young ones; 10% or 10 respondents are
in favor of those who are aged 51-60, but on the other hand, 4% or 4 respondents would
more likely to have the veterans or those who are at the age of 61 and above because
they already had lots of experiences and they were a lot better because of dealing long
enough with time and challenges.

STATEMENT ABOUT THE FIFTH QUESTION (TABLE 1.5)

AGED 35-50

AGED 51-60

AGED 61-ABOVE

3% 1%

96%

In the fifth question, the respondents were asked if what would be their favored age
for those who are running for senatorial position. With the 100 respondents, 96% of them
would likely prefer those who are at their ages 35-50, 3% are in favor to those who are
aged 51-60, and 1% for candidates aged 61 and above. The results were not that distant
from the results acquired for the fourth question.
STATEMENT ABOUT THE SIXTH QUESTION (TABLE 1.6)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
EXISTING CANDIDATES

NEW ONES

In the sixth question, the researchers asked the respondents if what would be
their opinion about having existing leaders or if they want a new set of candidates for the
next administration. In the details that we are forFromting in this survey, 18 of the 100
respondents said that they want the existing leaders to govern the next administration,

but 82 respondents expressed that they want new candidates to be the leaders for 2016.
This just means that Filipinos want new leaders too because of the unending issues like
corruption or the act of stealing the money of the country and other issues too.
STATEMENT ABOUT THE SEVENTH QUESTION (TABLE 1.7)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES

NO

Concerning on the seventh question, the researchers asked if they are in favor
of a government where the leaders are connected in consanguinity or they belong in just
one family or the so called political dynasty. With the informations we had acquired, we
proved that 15% are in favor of it, maybe because they believe that not all family
dynasties who lead in the government are corrupt, so they must be given a chance to
take a seat on certain positions in the government. But 85% confessed that they dont
want the presence of political dynasty in the government maybe because they see that
some of the ruling family dynasties are just using their position to have enough money
for their luxuries for the deserving leaders should give a helping hand to those who are
unfortunate and they should make a way to put our country on the map and on its glory
days once again, in the aspects of the economy of our country as an example.

STATEMENT ABOUT THE EIGHTH QUESTION (TABLE 1.8)

OTHER REASONS; 5% CHARISMA; 5%

HIGH RATINGS ON SURVEYS/POLLS; 8%
PLEASING PHYSICAL APPEARANCE; 2%
HAS KNOWLEDGE ON POLITICS; 34%
POPULARITY; 2%
INTELLIGENT/WISE; 34%
CELEBRITY; 1%
PROSPEROUS ONE; 7%
HAS A RELATIVE RELATED ON POLITICS; 3%

In the eight question, respondents were asked if what are the qualities or
characteristics that a candidate should have to be qualified to be voted by the
countrymen. The choices were:
a. Charisma
b. Has knowledge on politics
c. Popularity
d. Celebrity
e. Prosperous one
f. Has a relative or family member related on politics
g. Intelligent/ Wise
h. Pleasing Physical Appearance
i. High ratings on Surveys and Polls
j. Other reasons
This chart shows that being intelligent/ wise and having knowledge on politics are
the most important qualification for a candidate. These characteristics were followed by
having high ratings on surveys/polls, followed by those who have prosperous lives.
Maybe having much money is also an important thing for candidates because it is very
significant during elections especially during campaigns because it will be a way for the
candidate to be popular and evitable factor to win. And some of the percentages were
appointed to the other reasons expressed in the survey, followed by charisma, has a
relative related on politics, has a pleasing physical appearance, celebrity and those who
have popularity.

STATEMENT ABOUT THE NINTH QUESTION (TABLE 1.9)

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES

NO

Concerning on the ninth question, the researchers asked the respondents if they
are in favor of the FOIB or the Freedom of Information Bill. In the answers, 88 of the
respondents are in favor of it and the remaining number refused the presence of the
FOIB or Freedom of Information Bill. This just shows that most of the Filipinos want
transparency particularly on the funds of the government. Until now, the FOIB or
Freedom of Information Bill was not yet approved, which is in turn the first thing that our
current President promised to his countrymen during his campaign for his Presidential
candidacy.
STATEMENT ABOUT THE TENTH QUESTION (TABLE 1.10)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MANUAL

AUTOMATED

In the last or tenth question of the survey, 100 respondents were asked if
what system they would likely prefer the election on 2016 should be used. With the

acquired results, the researchers can conclude that 24 respondents said that manual
system should be used, while 76 of them wanted to have an automated system for they
believe that the counting of votes would be easier and faster, and dishonest counting of
votes will be avoided but lots of political analysts say that it might also be a way or
another technique of candidates to win on elections.

CHAPTER V- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

One of our countrys problems is having a chaotic system related to
politics. Many of the leading politicians in our country do not deserve their positions. One
of the hindrances for our countrys progress is having a serious problem about
corruption. It is one violence against the law which is needed to be solved with right,
moral solution. It is a nature in our society to have someone who is leading just for
money through using or having the wealth of others, which is the biggest problem of our

society. The selfish act of having the wealth of the country, where corrupt men dont
think for the future of other people and of the country, affects the lowest class of people
the most. In our country, the one who has power are abusive and enjoying the things
that they shouldnt have.
And as politics was defined, it is the science and art of government; the
science dealing with the form, organization and administration of a state. The Politics of
the Philippines took place in an organized framework of a presidential, representative,
and democratic republic whereby the president is both the head of state and the head of
government within a pluriform multi-party system. This system revolves around three
separate and sovereign yet interdependent branches: the legislative branch, the
executive branch, and the judicial branch. Executive power is exercised by
the government under the leadership of the president. Legislative power is vested in
both the government and the two-chamber Congress: the Senate (the upper chamber)
and the House of Representatives (the lower chamber). Judicial power is vested in the
courts with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body.
Elections are administered by an independent Commission on
Elections every three years starting 1992. Held every second Monday of May, the
winners in the elections take office on the following June 30. Local government is
produced by local government units from the provinces, cities, municipalities and
barangays. While the most regions do not have political power, and exist merely for
administration purposes, autonomous regions have expanded powers more than the
other local government units. While local government units enjoy autonomy, much of
their budget is derived from allocations from the national government, putting their true
autonomy in doubt.

IMAGE 1.1

IMAGE1.2

IMAGE 1.3

The Philippines has four main classes of elected administrative divisions,

often lumped together as local government units (LGUs). They are, from the highest to
the lowest division:
1.
Autonomous regions
2. Provinces (lalawigan,
probinsiya)
and
independent cities (lungsod,
siyudad/ciudad, dakbayan, lakanbalen)

3. Municipalities (bayan, balen, bungto, banwa) and component cities (lungsod,

siyudad/ciudad, dakbayan, lakanbalen)
Barangays (also known as barrio)

4.

Beyond
these,
the
national
government
groups provinces and independent cities into regions, e.g. Metro Manila or Region VI.
The President has the prerogative to create, abolish and determine the composition of
regions, which is done so most often in consultation with the local government units
affected, with the exception of autonomous regions, where the residents of the local
government units have to ratify in a plebiscite their inclusion in such a setup. Further,
also for similar administrative purposes, a barangay may be sub-divided into
either sitiosor puroks. Neither the national government's regions nor a barangay's sitios
or puroks have elected leaders or government branches.
Other divisions exist for specific narrower purposes:
Legislative districts for the House of Representatives
Judicial regions for the Regional Trial Courts.

1.
2.

The Article VII, Section 1, of the 1987 Constitution vests executive power
to the President of the Philippines, who functions as the head of state, head of
government, and commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. As chief
executive, the President of the Philippines exercises control over all the executive
departments, bureaus, and offices. The President of the Philippines is elected by direct
vote by the people for a term of six years. He may only serve for one term, and is
ineligible for reelection. The term of the President of the Philippines starts at noon of the
30th day of June after an election is held.
What are the requirements to be a President? The qualifications for an
individual aspiring to become the President of the Philippines are outlined here in Article
VII, Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution. According to the constitution, an individual may
become President provided he meets the following criteria:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

natural born Filipino;

a registered voter;
must be able to read and write;
40 years of age at the day of the election; and
must have resided in the Philippines ten years before the election is held.

Also, according to the 1987 Constitution, legislative power shall be vested

in the Congress of the Philippines, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of
Representatives. The Senate shall be composed of twenty-four Senators who shall be
elected at large by the qualified voters of the Philippines, as may be provided by law; the
House of Representatives shall be composed of not more than 250 (unless otherwise
fixed by law), 20 percent of whom must be Party-list representatives.
The qualifications to become a senator, as stipulated in the constitution, are:
1.
2.
3.

a natural-born citizen of the Philippines;

at least thirty-five years old;
is able to read and write

4.

a registered voter; and

5. a resident of the Philippines for not less than two years before election
day.

Meanwhile, the constitution provides for the following criteria to become a

member of the House of Representatives:
1.
2.
3.

a natural-born citizen of the Philippines;

at least twenty-five years old;
is able to read and write; and
4. except the party-list representatives, a registered voter and a resident for
at least one year in the district where s/he shall be elected.

And by the virtue of Article VIII, Section 8, appointments to the judiciary

are made by the President of the Philippines based on a list submitted by the Judicial
and Bar Council which is under the supervision of the Supreme Court. Its principal
function is to screen prospective appointees to any judicial post. It is composed of the
chief justice as ex-officio chairman, the Secretary of Justice and representatives of
Congress as ex-officio members, and a representative of the Integrated Bar, a professor
of law, a retired member of the Supreme Court and a representative of the private sector
as members.
And according tp the COMELEC, the candidates should follow the
Republic Act No. 88 or the OMNIBUS ELECTION CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES.
And heres a guide for choosing your respective candidates for a
particular position wisely and correctly.
First, you should know the various important issues for you that are
related to our countrys controversies such as the RH Bill, divorce, human rights,
government transparency, poverty, unemployment, gun violence, high crime rate, rural
area development, endangered forests and natural beauty of environment, pollution in
our country and others. You must decide if what issues do you think must be the most
important and needs to be resolved.
Second, make a list of the candidates that is winning a vote in your heart
and mind based on their platforms and things that they need to fulfill which is very for
you, make a list of those candidates that is possible to receive your vote.
Third, you must know the candidates that you will vote well through
attending meeting de avances or if possible you must observe debates and public
discussions where they are involved, must take a look on their handouts, watch nonpartisan television shows, radio shows, online sites that will introduce and say something
about a particular candidate, and you must also visit their websites or fan pages.

Fourth, you must know about your candidates background. You must consider
the criticisms and compliments of other people about your candidate. It is important to
know their leadership background or experiences in leading and governing or bashes of
other people to that particular candidate; and it is also a big thing to consider the sector
of community, family or industry where your particular candidate came from.
Fifth, evaluate and analyze the list of the possible candidates that will receive
your vote according to the data and informations that you have acquired. You must be a
good critique and critical thinker in evaluating the candidates for your votes to be worthy.
Lastly, you must vote. All the preparations that you have done will be useless if
you wont or forget to vote at the right time and day of election.
If well going to compare our country to others, we can still say that we, Filipinos
are still a fortunate one for we have the right to choose and vote those people who will
govern our country in the future. We should not take this right and power just for granted.

IMAGE 1.4

One of the problems of our country is that it lacks proper political rules. Most of
the leaders in our Government dont deserve their position. One of the reasons why our
countrys progression is hindered is due to the widespread propensity of corruption in the
government. This goes against our laws and needs a morally correct solution to be
solved.

The biggest problem that our country is facing is that those people in our
Government are selfish and only cares about their own profits. They use our countrys
resources for their own sake. They are rich because they steal taxpayers money. They
dont care about other people who are directly affected by their crimes. This is what is
currently happening in our country, the rich and powerful people taking advantage of
their position in the government just to become richer. They abuse their power and do
not deserve what they currently have. If this kind of system continues on, what would
future generations think of this? What would they do? They would probably be outraged.
Why wont everything be transparent? Why do they have to make fools of us
when it comes to money matters? Why do we need to give bribe for every good will
done? Due to the continuous operation of this kind of system, the citizens of the country
are losing faith in the government, therefore sparking revolution and rebellion. We have
the power to put them in position and the chance belongs to each one of us. If only all of
us made the right decisions, then the nation will live in a non-corrupt and prosperous
country. We will be systematic, free, and at peace. That is our major Obligation, to do
and decide what is right.

IMAGE 1.5
One of the most prevalent problem in our country is the controversial political
dynasties and traditional politicians, wherein long time running politicians include their
relatives and family in the business, which goes on and on for generations, up to their
great grandchildren and so on and so forth. Money, power and fame; these are the
factors that drive them to do these things. This must be stopped so that other people
can get their chance to prove themselves to be worthy of the positions that they are
yearning for and to improve the system.
Make a right decision for the right system.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
A. ACQUIRED FROM BOOKS
Kooiman, J. (2003). Collaboration. From Governing as Governance (page 97)
Kooiman, J. (2003). Communication. From Governing as Governance (page 38)
Kooiman, J. (2003). Cooperation. From Governing as Governance (page 100)
Kooiman, J. (2003). Knowledge. From Governing as Governance (page 32)
Kooiman, J. (2003). Learning. From Governing as Governance (page 33)
Kooiman, J. (2003). Political Communication. From Governing as Governance (page 100)
Kooiman, J. (2003). Socio-Political Governance. From Governing as Governance (page 3)
Tansley, S. (1997) and Merriam Webster. Politics Defined. From the Merriam-Webster
Dictionary and Politics- The Basics (page 3-5)
Tansley, S. (1997). How Internet Affects Politics. From Politics- The Basics
Tansley, S. (1997). Interest groups. From Politics- The Basics
Tansley, S. (1997). Political Marketing. From Politics- The Basics
Tansley, S. (1997). Political Parties. From Politics- The Basics
Tansley, S. (1997). Politics in Everyday Life. From Politics- The Basics (page 1-3)
Tansley, S. (1997). System of Government of the Philippines. From Politics- The Basics
(page 170-172)
Wheeler, M. (2013). Celebrity Politicians as Campaign Stars. From Celebrity Politics (page
87)
Wheeler, M. (2013). Celebrity Politicians as Campaign Stars. From Celebrity Politics (page
88)
Wheeler, M. (2013). Celebrity Politicians as Campaign Stars. From Celebrity Politics (page
87)
Wheeler, M. (2013). Conclusion. From Celebrity Politics (page 110)
Wheeler, M. (2013). Conclusion. From Celebrity Politics (page 170)

Wheeler, M. (2013). Conclusion. From Celebrity Politics (page 171)

B. ACQUIRED FROM WEBSITES

ADVANTAGES OF MASS MEDIA IN POLITICS: From www.buzzle.com/articles/pros-andcons-of-mass-media.html
ANTI-POLITICAL DYNASTY LAW: From www.dzmm.abscbnnews.com/news/National/Jinggoy._bukas_pa_rin_sa_posibilidad_ng_pagtakbo_sa_2016.h
tml
BINAY RUNAWAY WINNER IN PRESIDENTIAL POLL: From www.rappler.com/nation/5672sbinay-runaway -winner-pulse-asia-poll
BINAYS ANTI-ELECTRONIC FRAUD WARNING: From www.dzar1026.com/vice-presidentjejomar-binay-nagbabala-ng-posibleng-high-tech-na-dayaan-sa-susunod-na-halalan/
CAMPAIGN PERIODS: From www.chanrobles.com/electioncodeofthephilippines.htm
COMELEC SUGGESTS USE OF DIRECT-RECORDING ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINES
IN 2016: From thevotingnews.com/international/asia/Philippines/
COMELEC: From fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/COMELEC
COMMUNICATIVE GOVERNANCE: From
www.lawphil.net/statutes/bataspam/bp1985/bp_881_
CONSEQUENCES WHEN VIOLATING: From
www.lawphil.net/statutes/bataspam/bp1985/bp_881_1985.html
DISADVANTAGES OF MASS MEDIA IN POLITICS: From www.buzzle.com/articles/pros-andcons-of-mass-media.html
ELECTORAL SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES: From library.fesde/pdf-files/iez/01361006.pdf
ELECTORAL SYSTEMS: From en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_process_in_the_Philippines
GRACE POE FOR 2016?: From www.filipinoscvibe.com/2013/05/14/grace-poe-2016/
GRITCHES, VIOLENCE MARVOTE: From thevotingnews.com/tag/smartmatic/
HOW ARE THEY CHOSEN?: From www.philembassy.no/philippine-government
HOW IMPORTANT IS POLITICAL INTELLECT FOR CANDIDATES: From
www.poveda.edu.ph/index.php/page/view/collage/view/429/newsid/587/on-politicalcandidates----a-position-paper.html

JINGGOY ESTRADA, OPEN FOR POSSIBILITIES ON 2016: From

thepinoysite.com/2012/10/24/anti-political-dynasty-law-asa-ka-pa/
MAKING RIGHT CHOICE IN 2016 ELECTION IS CRUCIAL: From
joeam.com/2014/04/11/why-making-the-right-choice-in-the-2016-election-is-crucial/
MASS MEDIA IN POLITICS: From www.buzzle.com/articles/pros-and-cons-of-massmedia.html
NAMFREL: From fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/NAMFREL
OPINION OF THE CHURCH: From
www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/New_Intermidiate_Tagalog/Itermidiate_Thematic_Lesson/Relihi
yon/reading/htm.
PARTICIPATION AND DIRECT DEMOCRACY: From
tl.answers.com/2/Ano_ang_sistema_ng_pamahalaan_ng_Pilipinas
PEOPLES RIGHT TO VOTE: From www.lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS: From tl.wikipedia.org/wika/Politika_sa_Pilipinas
POCKETS OF VIOLENCE DURING ELEKSYON: From
thevotingnews.com/international/asia/Philippines/
POLITICS IN THE PHILIPPINES: From
http://maryangelicavicemcio.blogspot.com/2013/03/ang-pulitika-sa-

pilipinas.html

POLITICS IN THE PHILIPPINES: From maryangelicavicemcio.blogspot.com/2013/03/angpulitika-sa-pilipinas-html

PRES. AQUINOCAN RUN WITHOUT AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION ON 2016: From
raissarobles.com/2014/03/03/presidentaquino.can-run-in-2016-without-amending-theconstitution
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2016: THE ASPIRING CANDIDATES: From
thelordoftheeras.wordpress.com/2014/06/23/presidential-election-2016-the-aspiringcandidates/
REQUIREMENTS FOR EXECUTIVE CANDIDACY: From www.gov.ph/about/gov/exec
REQUIREMENTS FOR LEGISLATIVE CANDIDACY: From www.gov.ph/about/gov/thelegislative-branch/
ROLE OF POLITICS, CULTURE AND ECONOMY: From
erricsonthezapper.coorpress.com/2012/84112/ang-papel-ng-pulitika-kultura-at-ekonomiya-sapagbuo-ng-kasaysayang-pook .

SHOULD ELECT FEMALE PRESIDENT IN 2016?: From

www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/352071/news/nation/Miriam-phl-should-elect-femalepresident-in-2016
TERMS FOR POSITIONS: From en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines
VOTERS REGISTRATION FOR 2016: From www.filipinoscribe.com/2014/os/os/voterregistration-for-2016-polls-may-6-2014-to-october-31-2015/
WHAT IS EXECUTIVE BRANCH/HOW IS EXECUTIVE CHOSEN?: From
www.philembassy.no/philippines/government
WHAT IS JUDICIARY BRANCH?: From en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary
WHAT IS LEGISLATIVE BRANCH?: From en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislature
WHO, WHEN, WHERE AND HOW TO VOTE: From
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines
WILL MANUAL RECOUNT SHOW MORE VOTES THAN VOTERS?: From
thevotingnews.com/international/asia/Philippines/

APPENDICES
TABLE 1.1
Statement about the first question in the survey (As one ordinary Filipino citizen, do
you feel the presence of the government?
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES

NO

)
TABLE 1.2
Statement about the second question in the survey (If yes, in what manner? How?)

Pag-unlad ng Ekonomiya
Pagpuksa sa32%
Kahirapan

32%

Pagtuwid sa maling kalakaran sa pamahalaan

7%
29%
Ibang opinyon

TABLE 1.3

Statement about the third question in the survey (In what gender do you think would
a leader be at best?)

41%
FEMALE

MALE

59%

TABLE 1.4
Statement about the fourth question in the survey (In what age do you think would
be the most suitable for the candidate for Presidency and Vice-Presidency?)

AGED 40-50

AGED 51-60

10%

AGED 61-ABOVE

6%

84%

TABLE 1.5

Statement about the fifth question in the survey (In what age do you think would be
the most suitable for the candidate for Senatorial position?)

AGED 35-50

AGED 51-60

AGED 61-ABOVE

3% 1%

96%

TABLE 1.6
Statement about the sixth question in the survey (What leader would you prefer?
New one or existing candidates?)

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
EXISTING CANDIDATES

TABLE 1.7

NEW ONES

Statement about the seventh question in the survey (Are you in favor of the Political
Dynasty or manner of leading in the government?)

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES

NO

TABLE 1.8
Statement about the eighth question in the survey (What are the things that you look
for a leader?)

OTHER REASONS; 5% CHARISMA; 5%

HIGH RATINGS ON SURVEYS/POLLS; 8%
HAS 2%
KNOWLEDGE ON POLITICS; 34%
PLEASING PHYSICAL APPEARANCE;
POPULARITY; 2%
INTELLIGENT/WISE; 34%
CELEBRITY; 1%
PROSPEROUS ONE; 7%
HAS A RELATIVE RELATED ON POLITICS; 3%

TABLE 1.9
Statement about the ninth question in the survey (Are you in favor of the FOIB or the
Freedom of Information Bill?)

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES

NO

TABLE 1.10
Statement about the tenth question in the survey (What system of voting would you
most likely would prefer, manual o automated?)

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MANUAL

TABLE 2.1

AUTOMATED

Rating about the survey for Presidency

TABLE 2.2

Rating about the survey for Vice Presidency

TABLE 2.3

Rating about the survey for Senatorial position

IMAGE 1.1

Seal of the Office of

Philippines

the President of the

IMAGE 1.2
Seal of the Office of
the Philippines
IMAGE 1.3
Seal of the Office of the Senate of the Philippines
IMAGE 1.4
About the Political Dynasty in the Philippines
IMAGE 1.5
About the Issues and Problems related to Politics

the Vice President of

I.

CURRICULUM VITAE

ALEXANDER GILLIAN L. AVILANES

7 ALMACIGA ST. FERIA ROAD
OLD BALARA, QUEZON CITY
CP 09127419125
alex_avilanes@yahoo.com
CAREER OBJECTIVE__________________________________________________________
TO IMPROVE MY SKILLS, ABILITIES, AND KNOWLEDGE IN ACCOUNTING OR
BOOKKEEPING, TO BOOST MY SELF-CONFIDENCE IN WORKING-OUT WITH PROBLEMS,
AND TO DEVELOP MY SKILLS IN GROUP ACTIVITIES.
EDUCATION_________________________________________________________________
2013-2014
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA
MAJOR: INTERNAL AUDITING
DEGREE: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
2009-2013
SAN VICENTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL/SAN VICENTE, ALAMINOS CITY,
PANGASINAN
CLASS VALEDICTORIAN
2008-2009
SAN VICENTE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL/ SAN VICENTE, ALAMINOS CITY,
PANGASINAN
1ST HONORABLE MENTION
2007-2008
OLD BALARA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
2006-2007
SAN VICENTE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL/ SAN VICENTE, ALAMINOS CITY,
PANGASINAN
7TH HONORS
2005-2006
OLD BALARA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
2004-2005

HOLY SPIRIT OF MOUNT CARMEL SCHOOL/ HOLY SPIRIT, QUEZON CITY

WITH HONORS
2003-2004
HOLY SPIRIT OF MOUNT CARMEL SCHOOL/ HOLY SPIRIT, QUEZON CITY
WITH HONORS

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY_______________________________________________________
NONE
ACTIVITIES AND INTEREST_____________________________________________________

MEMBER OF HUNDRED ISLANDS GALI-LA AMBASSADORS

MANAGING EDITOR, INSTITUTE OF ACCOUNTS, BUSINESS AND FINANCE 20132014
MEMBER, IIASC 1ST YEAR 1ST SEMESTER
MEMBER, NATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS PRESS ORGANIZATION 2012-2013
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, SAN VICENTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS OFFICIAL
PUBLICATION 2012-2013
PRESIDENT, SAN VICENTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUB 20122013
VICE-PRESIDENT, SAN VICENTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUB
2011-2012
VICE-PRESIDENT, SAN VICENTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLUB
2010-2011
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, SAN VICENTE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OFFICIAL PUBLICATION
2008-2009

REFERENCES________________________________________________________________
PROF. LOURDES DELFIN-IGNACIO
COLLEGE MENTOR

CHRISTIAN JOSHUA G. ANSAY

2142 ALVAREZ ST. TRAMO
MANILA, PASAY CITY
CP 09053696359
joshuachristian21@yahoo.com
CAREER OBJECTIVE__________________________________________________________
To excel in my field through hard work, research, skills and perseverance. To serve my parents,
and my country with the best of my abilities.

EDUCATION_________________________________________________________________
2013-2014
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA
MAJOR: INTERNAL AUDITING
DEGREE: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
2009-2013
JOSE ABAD SANTOS HIGH SCHOOL ARELLANO UNUVERSITY TAFT AVE.,
PASAY CITY
2003-2009
PADRE BURGOS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PASAY
EMPLOYEMENT HISTORY______________________________________________________
NONE
ACTIVITIES AND INTEREST_____________________________________________________

1ST PLACE IN SUDOKU COMPETITION 2009-2010

CHAMPION IN SUDOKU COMPETITION 2011-2012
2ND PLACE IN SUDOKU COMPETITION 2012-2013
2ND PLACE IN QUIZ BEE OF ENGLISH CLUB 2012-2013

REFERENCES________________________________________________________________
PROF. SHIRLEY OLIVO

COLLEGE MENTOR

JESSICA R CANLAS
#4 BUENAMAR SUBD.
NOVALICHES, QUEZON CITY
CP 09322112582
canlas.jessica25@yahoo.com

CAREER OBJECTIVE__________________________________________________________
TO OBTAIN A POSITION IN A COMPANY WHERE I CAN MAXIMIZE MY MANAGEMENT
SKILLS, PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT, TRAINING EXPERIENCE, AND ABILITY TO WORK
WELL WITH PEOPLE.

EDUCATION_________________________________________________________________
2013-2014 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA
MAJOR: BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
DEGREE: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

2009-2013 BLOOMRIDGE INTEGRATED SCHOOL

QUEZON CITY
1ST HONORABLE MENTION

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY_______________________________________________________
JUNE 2012 TO 2014 PIXCEL TRANSGLOBAL FOOD INC. CALOOCAN CITY
DUTIES: STUDENT APPRENTICE. TRAINEE FOR FUTURE MANAGEMENT
PAYMENT RECEIVER

APRIL 2013 TO 2014 RHEA MERCADO HAIR AND MAKE UP SALON QUEZON CITY
DUTIES: PART TIME HAIR AND MAKE UP MODEL . POSE AND WEAR
DIFFERENT FASHIONS

MARCH 2009 TO 2014 TR CANLAS INC. NOVALICHES QUEZON CITY

DUTIES: PART TIME ENTREPRENEUR. PRODUCT INSPECTOR.

MARCH TO JUNE 2008 CUTE CYA CATERING SERVICES QUEZON CITY

DUTIES: ASSISTANT MANAGER. RECEPTIONIST. ANSWERING CLIENTS
ENQUIRIES
ACTIVITIES AND
INTEREST___________________________________________________________________
MEMBER, IIASC 1ST YEAR 1ST SEMESTER
MODEL, RHEA MERCADO HAIR AND MAKE UP SALON 2013-2014
EVENT ORGANIZER, BLOOMRIDGE INTEGRATED SCHOOL 2012-2013
TREASURER, BLOOMRIDGE INTEGRATED SCHOOL 2012-2013
MEMBER OF PERFORMING ARTS CLUB, BLOOMRIDGE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
2012-2013
STUDENT APPRENTICE, PIXCEL TRANSGLOBAL FOOD INC. CALOOCAN CITY
STUDENT APPRENTICE, FIL CHOICE FOOD INDUSTRIES CALOOCAN CITY
STUDENT APPRENTICE, YS QUALITY PRODUCTS QUEZON CITY
MEMBER, NOVADECI COOPERATIVE 2006-2014
REFERENCE_________________________________________________________________
PROF. DANTE QUINES
COLLEGE MENTOR

GHYENETH C. CHIA
664-6667 GONZALO PUYAT STREET
QUIAPO, MANILA
CP 09174008411
chiaghyeneth_15@yahoo.com

CAREER OBJECTIVE__________________________________________________________
TO SECURE A POSITION IN THE ORGANIZATION THAT OFFERS CHALLENGE AND
OPPORTUNITY FOR MY CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND AT THE SAME TIME SERVE
THE ORGANIZATION TO THE BEST OF MY CAPABILITIES. I WOULD LIKE TO GAIN
NEW SKILLS WHILE UTILIZING MY CURRENT AREA OF EXPERTISE OF
PROCUREMENT AND EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION SERVICES WITH IN A POSITIVE
TEAM ENVIRONMENT.
EDUCATION_________________________________________________________________
A. TERTIARY:
FROM 2013-2014 ACADEMIC YEAR
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY-MANILA/ NICANOR REYES STREET, SAMPALOC, MANILA
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION MAJOR IN INTERNAL
AUDITING LEADING TO ACCOUNTANCY
B. SECONDARY
FROM 2009-2013 ACADEMIC YEAR
PHILIPPINE ACADEMY OF SAKYA, 1463 G. MASANGKAY STREET STA. CRUZ., MANILA
BRONZE AND SILVER AWARDEE IN THE CLASS
LOYALTY AWARD
C. PRIMARY
FROM 2009-2003 ACADEMIC YEAR
PHILIPPINE ACADEMY OF SAKYA, 1463 G. MASANGKAY STREET, STA. CRUZ., MANILA
LOYALTY AWARD

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY_______________________________________________________
NONE

ACTIVITIES AND
INTEREST___________________________________________________________________
2013 1STYEAR 1ST SEMESTER IIASC MEMBER
2012 SSC LEVEL REPRESENTATIVE
BARANGAYETTE CLUB TREASURER
CLASSROOM SECRETARY
2011 BARANGAYETTECLUB SECRETARY
2010 CAREGIVERS CLUB TREASURER
REFERENCE_________________________________________________________________
PROFESSOR ROLANDO MANINGAS
FILIPINO- COLLEGE MENTOR

FABIAN

REEZA JONA T. SOCUBOS

#85 RAMOS STREET, GUISET NORTE, SAN MANUEL, PANGASINAN

075-565-2483/09129681230
sawkuhbossrj@gmail.com

CAREER OBJECTIVE__________________________________________________________
TO DEVELOP MYSELF IN TERMS OF WORKING WITH OTHER PEOPLE AND
UNDER PRESSURE, TO IMPROVE MY ABILITIES IN ACCOUNTING/BOOKKEEPING AND
TO LEARN HOW TO PROPERLY MANAGE MY TIME TO MY DAILY ROUTINES AND
ACTIVITIES. I ALSO WANT TO ACQUIRE NEW KNOWLEDGE IN MY CAREER, AND BE
ABLE TO SHARE AND IMPART THE STUFFS THAT I LEARNED IN MY CAREER WHICH I
CAN ALSO USE IN THE FUTURE.

EDUCATION_________________________________________________________________
2013-2014
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY- MANILA
MAJOR: INTERNAL AUDITING LEADING TO ACCOUNTANCY
DEGREE: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
2009-2013
ST. MARYS DOMINICAN SCHOOL/ SAN MANUEL, PANGASINAN
CLASS VALEDICTORIAN
2003-2009
ST. MARYS DOMINICAN SCHOOL/ SAN MANUEL, PANGASINAN
CLASS VALEDICTORIAN

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY_______________________________________________________
NONE

MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS________________________________

MEMBER, INSTITUTE OF INTERNAL AUDITORS STUDENTS CHAPTER (IIASC), 2013-2014

ASSOCIATE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, DOMINICAN TORCH (SCHOOL PAPER), 2012-2013

PRESIDENT, SCIENCE CLUB, 2012- 2013
PRESIDENT, YOUNG WRITERS ASSOCIATION, 2012- 2013
PRESIDENT, YOUNG SPEAKERS ASSOCIATION, 2012-2013
PRESIDENT, ENGLISH CLUB, 2012- 2013
VICE PRESIDENT, MATH CLUB, 2012- 2013
SECRETARY, FILIPINO CLUB, 2012- 2013
TREASURER, TEKI-COMPUTER CLUB, 2012- 2013
COORDINATOR, STUDENT SUPREME COUNCIL 2012-2013
PRESIDENT, STUDENT SUPREME COUNCIL 2008-2009
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, DOMINICAN TORCH (SCHOOL PAPER), 2008-2009
LITERARY WORKS, BLOGS, MUSIC & THEATRE; PHOTOGRAPHY, BUSINESS, PAINTING

CHARACTER REFERENCES____________________________________________________
PROF. SHIRLEY OLIVO
COLLEGE MENTOR

PROF. ROSEMARIE G. BUENCONSEJO

COLLEGE MENTOR