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Patriot Act's unintended


consequences in post9/11 world

Health
Odd News

By Ivan Couronne
January 12, 2015 3:39 PM

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Washington (AFP) - Forty-five days after 2001's 9/11 attacks,


president George W. Bush signed the USA Patriot Act, but
Americans only learned of the anti-terrorism law's full
consequences 12 years later through Edward Snowden's

Obama says hacks show need for


cybersecurity law
AFP

surveillance revelations.
The law triggered unprecedented expansion of electronic and
telephone surveillance powers -- an intelligence dragnet that
today is under intense dispute, as Western nations including
France contemplate how to improve security in the wake of
deadly attacks in Paris.
The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing

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history
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Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism


Act is the official name of the law adopted over a three-day
period by Congress in 2001 after the devastation of September
11.
- Sweeping law, rushed debate The law was crafted to facilitate eavesdropping and other

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surveillance of terror suspects, including through the Internet.


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But it also included nine other chapters, that expanded the


period of detention without charge to seven days for a foreigner
suspected of terror-related activities; improved information
sharing among US intelligence agencies; strengthened border
protection; and clamped down on terrorism financing networks.
Congressional debate was hurried, and many lawmakers
acknowledged they did not read the text. The House of

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Representatives voted 357 for and 66 against the law, while the
Senate approved it 98-1, overwhelming bicameral support.
Congress set some of the measures to expire four years later.
Bush at the time called the law "essential not only to pursuing
and punishing terrorists, but also preventing more atrocities in
the hands of the evil ones."

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While most of its provisions have been made permanent, the


law is ripe for revision.
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"Section 215,"
used by the
National Security
Agency to
dramatically
expand its
surveillance
programs,

Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner (R) in Washington, DC, on July 17,


2013 (AFP Photo/Win Mcnamee)

including in the

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daughters listen to Beyonc

United States, is due to expire in June.

Associated Press

- Secret surveillance While Congress passed the Patriot Act, President Bush
launched a secret program allowing intelligence agencies to
conduct wiretapping and internet monitoring of
communications without a court order, as a means of thwarting
plots on US soil.

No Pants Subway Ride

The New York Times revealed the existence of the program in


2005, shocking many Americans. But the surveillance continued
after 2006 in a different guise -- under the framework of the
Patriot Act and the supervision of the secretive Foreign
Intelligence Surveillance Court.
It is this famous "Section 215" which has became the legal

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justification for the NSA's bulk collection of US telephone


"metadata" -- number called, duration, time, but not recordings
of conversations.
In June 2013, Snowden revealed the extent of the metadata
program to the world. Several US lawmakers had been briefed
on the secret operations, but many expressed outrage.

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"I authored the Patriot Act, and this is an abuse of that law,"
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fumed House Republican Jim Sensenbrenner.


The administrations of Bush and then President Barack Obama
betrayed the intent of the Patriot Act, Sensenbrenner said, by
using it as legal justification for the blanket surveillance.

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- Congressional oversight Under pressure from the American public, Obama backed
reforms that would amend the Patriot Act.
But a bid by House lawmakers to curb NSA bulk data collection
was blocked in the Senate last November, setting up a

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funeral

showdown over the issue before Section 215 sunsets in June.


According to William Bendix, professor at Keene State College
and a Patriot Act specialist, the best way to prevent future
abuse is to strengthen congressional oversight powers.
"Passing laws no matter how carefully they're written can
always lead to aggressive surveillance if the legislators do not

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monitor the intelligence agencies," Bendix told AFP.


"Congress has often passed relatively modest surveillance
laws," and it is often due to "presidential directives or executive
orders that intelligence agencies have far exceeded the laws
drafted by Congress."
Islamic State releases shocking new video
Bendix added that French legislators, reeling from the worst
attacks in years in the European nation, are faced now with the
"very difficult challenge" of drafting surveillance measures that
enhance security but also "empower themselves to conduct
meaningful oversight."
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