Enabling Public Verification and Privacy Preserving Audit For Secure Cloud Storage

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org

Volume 3, Issue 6, November-December 2014
ISSN 2278-6856
Enabling public verification and privacy

preserving audit for secure cloud storage
1
A. Mallareddy, 2 U.Venkateshwarlu, 3 D Deepika Rani
Research Scholar (JNTUH), Department of Computer Science & Engineering,

Professor & HOD (CSE) Sri Indu Institute of Engineering & Technology, Sheriguda(V)
Ibrahimpatnam (M), RR Dist 501510
2 M.Tech (CS), Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Sri Indu Institute of Engineering & Technology
Sheriguda(V), Ibrahimpatnam(M), RR Dist 501510
3Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering,
Sri Indu Institute of Engineering & Technology
Sheriguda(V), Ibrahimpatnam(M), RR Dist 501510
Abstract
Using cloud place for storing, users can from far store their
knowledge for computers and have special rights the ondemand high quality applications and services from a shared
card-player's money of configurable computing useable
things, without the weighting of nearby knowledge for
computers place for storing and support. However, the fact
that users no longer have physical property of the outsourced
facts makes the knowledge for computers true, good nature
care in cloud computing a hard to do work, especially for
users with limited computing useable things. In addition,
users should be able to just use the cloud place for storing as
if it is nearby, without troubling about the need to make
certain of its true, good nature. In this way, giving power
public audit ability for cloud place for storing is of full of
danger importance so that users can go to for help to a third
group overseer (TPA) to check the true, good nature of
outsourced facts and be worry-free. To safely put into use for
first time a working well TPA, the looking over of accounts by
expert process should take in no new feeblenesses in the
direction of user facts right not to be public, and present no
added connected weighting to user. In this paper, we make an
offer a safe cloud place for storing system supporting privacypreserving public looking over of accounts by expert. We
further stretch our outcome to give power the TPA to act
looking over of accounts by expert for number times another
users at the same time and with small amount of money.
Much safety and operation observations make clear to the
made an offer designs are provably safe and highly good at
producing an effect.
1. Introduction
Cloud computing has been envisioned as the nextgeneration information technology (it) buildings and
structure design for undertakings, needing payment to its
long list of unprecedented better chances in the it history:
on-demand self-service, everywhere network way in,
marked off independent useable thing pooling, quick
useable thing elasticity, usage-based pricing and
transference of danger . As a tendency to cause destruction
technology with deep follow up, cloud computing is
making great change the very nature of how businesses
use information technology. One deep point of view of this
example changing is that knowledge for computers is

being put under one control or outsourced to the Cloud.
From users view, including both individuals and it
undertakings, storing facts from far to the cloud in a
flexible on-demand ways takes taking from lower to
higher authority helps: rest of the weighting for place for
storing managers of a business, general facts way in with
independent about geography places, and overlooking of
by death money used on computer and apparatus,
software, and personnel support, and so on. While cloud
computing makes these better chances more having
attraction for than ever, it also takes new and hard safety
being, saying violent behavior in the direction of users
outsourced knowledge for computers. Since cloud public
organization givers (CSP) are separate office activity
things, facts outsourcing is actually giving up users last
control over the way given by powers that be of their facts.
As an outcome, the rightness of the facts in the cloud is
being put at danger needing payment to the supporters
reasons. First of all, although the basic buildings under
the cloud are much more powerful and safe, good than
personal computing apparatuses, they are still facing the
wide range of both inside and outside being, saying
violent behavior for knowledge for computers true, good
nature. Examples of outages and safety overrules of noted
cloud services come into view as from time to time.
Secondly, there do have existence different causes of
motion for CSP to act rightly untruly in the direction of
the cloud users looking upon the position (in society) of
their outsourced facts. For examples, CSP might get back
place for storing for money-related reasons by putting out
as of no use knowledge for computers that has not been or
is uncommonly made way in, or even put out of the way
facts loss small events so in connection with support a
good name. In short, although outsourcing facts to the
cloud is by money and goods pleasing for in the long run
great-scale facts place for storing, it does not immediately
offer any give support to (a statement) on facts true, good
nature and able to use. This hard question, if not rightly
Page 141

made house numbers, may get in the way of the good
placing of the cloud buildings and structure design.
As users no longer physically have as owner the place for
storing of their facts, old and wise cryptographic early
persons for the purpose of knowledge for computers safety
system of care for trade cannot be directly took up. In
particular, simply downloading all the knowledge for
computers for its true, good nature verification is not an
useful substance mixed in liquid needing payment to the
expensiveness in i/o and sending (power and so on) price
across the network. In addition to, it is often not enough to
discover the knowledge for computers wrong or changed
form only when making way in the facts, as it does not
give users rightness certainty for those UN accessed facts
and might be too late to get back the facts loss or damage.
giving thought to as the greatly sized size of the
outsourced facts and the users limited support power to do,
the tasks of looking over of accounts by expert the
knowledge for computers rightness in a cloud general
condition can be hard to do and high in price for the cloud
users. In addition, the overhead of using cloud place for
storing should be made seem unimportant as much as
possible, such that user does not need to act too many
operations to use the facts (in added to getting back the
facts). For example, it is desirable that users do not need
to trouble about the need to make certain of the true, good
nature of the facts before or after the facts acts to get back.
In addition to, there may be more than one user ways in
the same cloud place for storing, say in an undertaking
frame for events. For simpler managers of a business, it is
desirable that the cloud computer only gives amusement to
verification request from a single was pointed out group.
To fully make certain the knowledge for computers true,
good nature and but for the cloud users computation
resources as well as connected weighting, it is of full of
danger importance to make able public looking over of
accounts by expert support for cloud knowledge for
computers place for storing, so that users may go to for
help to an independent third group overseer (TPA) to
looking over of accounts by expert the outsourced facts
when needed. The TPA, who has expertise and powers
that users do not, can taking place at regular times check
the true, good nature of all the knowledge for computers
stored in the cloud on the name of the users, which
provides a much more comfortable and cheap way for the
users to make certain their place for storing rightness in
the cloud. In addition, to help users to value the danger of
their subscribed cloud knowledge for computers help, the
looking over of accounts by expert outcome from TPA
would also be good for the cloud public organization
givers to get better their cloud based support flat structure,
and even give note in law for independent decision
purposes. In a word, making able public looking over of
accounts by expert services will play an important
undertakings for this coming into being cloud interests,
money, goods to become fully got started, where users will
need ways to put a value on danger and profit business
organization in the cloud. Lately, the small useful things
of public audit ability has been made an offer in the makes
ISSN 2278-6856
sense clearer of making certain from far stored data true,

good nature under different system and safety models.
Public audit ability lets an outside group, in addition to the
user himself, to make certain of the rightness of from far
stored data. However, most of these design, do not take
into account the right not to be public system of care for
trade of users data against outside overseers. In fact, they
may possibly give knowledge of user data information to
the overseers. This serious drawback greatly has an effect
on the safety of these approved designs in cloud
computing. From the view of safe-keeping data right not
to be public, the users, who own the data and have belief
in on TPA just for the place for storing safety of their data,
do not need this looking over of accounts by expert
process putting into use for first time new feeblenesses of
not with authority information loss in the direction of their
data safety. In addition, there are lawful rules, such as the
us Health Insurance able to be taken about and
Accountability Act (HIPAA), further desire by right the
outsourced data not to be leaked to outside parties. Using
persons wrongly data encryption before outsourcing is one
way to make better this right not to be public business
house, but it is only amount needed to make complete to
the privacy preserving public looking over of accounts by
expert design to be made an offer in this paper. Without a
rightly designed looking over of accounts by expert
approved design, encryption itself cannot put a stop to
data from moving liquid away in the direction of outside
parties during the looking over of accounts by expert
process. In this way, it does not completely get answer to
the hard question of safe-keeping data right not to be
public but just gets changed to other form it to the key
managers of a business not with authority data loss still
remains a hard question needing payment to the possible
& unused quality exposure of decryption keys. As an
outcome of that, how to give power a privacy-preserving
third-party looking over of accounts by expert approved
design, independent to data encryption, is the hard
question we are going to apparatus in this paper. Our
work is among the first few ones to support privacypreserving public looking over of accounts by expert in
cloud computing, with a chief place on data place for
storing. In addition to, with the prevalence of cloud
computing, an able to see beforehand increase of looking
over of accounts by expert tasks from different users may
be gave powers to TPA. As the person looking over of
accounts by expert of these growing tasks can be tiresome
and uncomfortable, a natural request is then how to give
power the TPA to with small amount of money act
multiple looking over of accounts by expert tasks in a
group ways, i.e., at the same time. To house these
questions, our work puts to use the way of doing of public
key based homomorphic having an effect equal to the
input authenticator (or HLA for short), which enables
TPA to act the looking over of accounts by expert without
desire by right the nearby copy of data and thus with
strong effect gets changed to other form the news and
computation overhead as made a comparison to the
straightforward data looking over of accounts by expert
Page 142

moves near. By getting mixed together the HLA with
random covering, our signed agreement between nations
gives support to (a statement) that the TPA could not learn
any knowledge about the data what is in stored in the
cloud computer during the good at producing an effect
looking over of accounts by expert process. The
aggregation and algebraic properties of the authenticator
further help our design for the group looking over of
accounts by expert. Specifically, our something given can
be made a short account as the supporters three points of
view:
1) We be the reason for the public looking over of
accounts by expert system of data place for storing
safety in cloud computing and make ready a privacypreserving looking over of accounts by expert approved
design, i.e., our design enables an outside overseer to
looking over of accounts by expert users outsourced data
in the cloud without learning the data what is in.
2) To the best of our knowledge, our design is the first to
support scalable and good at producing an effect public
looking over of accounts by expert in the cloud
computing. Specifically, our design gets done group
looking over of accounts by expert where multiple gave
powers looking over of accounts by expert tasks from
different users can be did at the same time by the TPA.
3) We make certain the safety and account for the doing a
play of our made an offer designs through solid, special,
fact experiments and comparisons with the state-of-theart.
ISSN 2278-6856
to normal cloud users. In addition, the Cs may come to a

decision to put out of the way the data wrong or changed
from caused by computer coughs or Byzantine coming
short of one's hopes to support good name. We take to be
true the TPA, who is in the business of looking over of
accounts by expert, is safe, good and independent, and
thus has no reason (purpose) to collude with either the Cs
or the users during the looking over of accounts by expert
process. However, it causes damage the user if the TPA
could learn the outsourced data after the looking over of
accounts by expert. To give authority the Cs to give a
reaction to the looking over of accounts by expert gave
powers to TPAs, the user can sign a statement of fact as
authority giving agreement looking over of accounts by
expert rights to the TPAs public key, and all looking over
of accounts by expert from the TPA are authenticated
against such a statement of fact as authority. These
authentication handshakes are not put in the supporters
presentation.
2.2 Design Goals
To give power privacy-preserving public looking over of
accounts by expert for cloud data place for storing under
the named before design to be copied, our approved design
should get done the supporters safety and doing a play
gives support to (a statement).
2. Problem Statement
2.1 The System and Threat Model
We give thought to a cloud data place for storing public
organization getting into three different things, as pictured
in Fig. 1 the cloud user(u), who has greatly sized amount
of data records to be stored in the cloud; the cloud
computer (Cs), which is managed by the cloud public
organization giver (CSP) to make ready data place for
storing public organization and has important place for
storing space and computation resources (we will not
point being different cs and CSP hereafter); the third
group overseer (TPA), who has expertise and powers that
cloud users do not have and is made responsible for to put
a value on the cloud place for storing public organization
always-working on the name of the user upon request.
Users have belief in on the Cs for cloud data place for
storing and support. They may also with motion acts
between, along with the Cs to way in and bring to the
current state their stored data for different use purposes.
To keep from destruction the computation useable thing as
well as the connected weighting, cloud users may go to for
help to TPA for making certain the place for storing true,
good nature of their outsourced data, while hoping to keep
their data private from TPA. We take into account the
existence of a semi-trusted Cs as does. Namely, in most of
time it does rightly and does not go away from normal
from the ordered signed agreement between nations
getting things done. However, for their own benefits the
Cs might not take care of to keep or purposely take out
uncommonly made way in data records which are part of
Fig. 1: The architecture of cloud data storage service

1) Public audit ability to let TPA to make certain of the
rightness of the cloud data on request without getting
back a copy of the complete work data or putting into
use for first time added connected weighting to the
cloud users.
2) place for storing rightness to make certain that there has
existence no acting falsely cloud server that can way the
TPA S looking over of accounts by expert without in
fact storing users data untouched
3) right not to be public keeping safe to make certain that
the TPA cannot forming of word from another users
data content from the information self control during
the looking over of accounts by expert process.
4) group looking over of accounts by expert to give power
TPA with safe and good at producing an effect looking
Page 143

over of accounts by expert power to do to (be able to) do
with multiple looking over of accounts by expert
delegations from possibly greatly sized number of
different users at the same time
5) lightweight to let TPA to act looking over of accounts
by expert with minimum news and computation
overhead
3. The Proposed Schemes

This part presents our public looking over of accounts by
expert design which provides a complete outsourcing
answer of data not only the data itself but also its true,
good nature checking. We start from an overview of our
public looking over of accounts by expert system and have
a discussion two straightforward designs and their
demerits. Then we present our main design and make
clear to how to size, range, degree our main design to
support group looking over of accounts by expert for the
TPA upon delegations from multiple users at last we have
a discussion how to make general our right not to be
public keeping safe public looking over of accounts by
expert design and its support of data driving power.
3.1 Definitions and Framework
We move after a similar statements of previously made an
offer designs in the makes sense clearer of far away,
widely different data true, good nature checking and
adjust the framework for our right not to be public keeping
safe public looking over of accounts by expert system.
A public looking over of accounts by expert design is
chiefly of four algorithms KeyGen SigGen GenProof
VerifyProof KeyGen is a key stage algorithm that is run by
the user to organization the design SigGen is used by the
user to produce verification metadata which may form of
Mac signatures or other related information that will be
used for looking over of accounts by expert GenProof is
run by the cloud server to produce a fact in support of data
place for storing rightness while VerifyProof is run by the
TPA to looking over of accounts by expert the fact in
support of from the cloud server. Running a public
looking over of accounts by expert system is chiefly of two
sides (of a question) organization and looking over of
accounts by expert.
Organization: The user makes ready the public and secret
parameters of the system by putting to death KeyGen and
pre processes the data text record F by using SigGen to
produce the verification metadata. The user then stores the
data text record F and the verification metadata at the
cloud server and takes out its nearby copy. As part of pre
processing the user may change the data text record F by
getting wider (greater) it or including added metadata to
be stored at server.
Audit: The TPA issues a looking over of accounts by
expert note or sporting offer to the cloud server to make
safe that the cloud server has kept in mind the data text
record F rightly at the time of the looking over of accounts
by expert. The cloud server will form of word from
another a move note from a group event of the stored data
text record F and its verification metadata by putting to
ISSN 2278-6856
death GenProof. The TPA then makes certain of the move

via VerifyProof Our framework takes to be true the TPA
is stateless which is a desirable property achieved by our
made an offer answer. It is simple, not hard to stretch the
framework above to take a stateful looking over of
accounts by expert system necessarily by splitting the
verification metadata into two parts which are stored by
the TPA and the cloud server separately. Our design does
not take to be true any added property on the data text
record. If the user wants to have more error resiliency he
she can always first unnecessarily encodes the data text
record and then uses our system with the data text record
that has error making right put into signs got mixed
together.
3.2 Privacy-Preserving Public Auditing Scheme
Overview To get done right not to be public keeping safe
public looking over of accounts by expert we make an
offer to uncommonly get mixed together the homomorphic
having an effect equal to the input authenticator with
random covering way of doing. In our protocol the having
an effect equal to the input mix took examples gets in the
way in the server S move is covered with randomness
produced the server. With random covering the TPA no
longer has all the necessary information to make up a
right group of having an effect equal to the input
equations and therefore cannot forming of word from
another the user S data content no field of interest how
many having an effect equal to the input groups of the
same group of metal for rubbing down gets in the way can
be self control. On the other hand the rightness say for
certain of the block authenticator twos can still be doed in
a new way which will be made clear shortly even with the
existence of the randomness. Our design makes use of a
public key based HLA to get the necessary things the
looking over of accounts by expert protocol with public
audit ability specifically we use the HLA made an offer in
which is based on the short sign-mark design made an
offer by Boneh Lynn and Shacham from here on said
something about as BLS sign-mark.
Design details. Let G1 G2 and GT be multiplicative cyclic
groups of first in rating order p, and e: G1 G2 GT be a
bilinear map as introduced in preliminaries. Let g be a
generator of G2. H (.) is a safe map to point number
without thought of amount group event {0, 1}*
G1
which maps strings equally to G1. Another number
without thought of amount group event h (.): GT
Zp
maps group element of GT equally to Zp.
The made an offer design is as follows:
Organization phase: The cloud user runs KeyGen to
produce the public and secret parameters specifically the
user selects a random signing key two (spk, ssk), a
random x Zp, a random element u G1, and works out
v
gx. The secret parameter is sk = (x, ssk) and the
public parameters are pk = (spk,v,g,u,e(u, v)). Given a
data text record F = (m1,.,mn), the user runs SigGen to
work out authenticator i for each solid mass mi: i
(H(Wi).umi)x G1. Here Wi = name || i and name is selected
by the user equally at random from Zp as the thing taken
Page 144

to be the same of text record F be the sign of the group of
authenticators by = { I}1 i n .
Properties of our protocol
It is simple, not hard to see that our protocol gets done
public auditability. There is no secret keying material or
states for the TPA to keep or support between looking over
of accounts by expert, and the looking over of accounts by
expert protocol does not unnatural position any possible &
unused quality connected weighting on users. This move
near makes certain the right not to be public of user data
what is in during the looking over of accounts by expert
process by using a random covering r to skin , leather , a
having an effect equal to the input mix of the data gets in
the way. Note that the value r in our protocol, which
enables the privacy-preserving be responsible for, will not
act on the having good (reason, argument) of the equation,
needing payment to the going round in circles relation
between R and
and the verification equation.
Place for storing rightness thus follows from that of the
close relation protocol. In addition to, the HLA helps get
done the constant news overhead for servers move during
the looking over of accounts by expert: the size of
is independent of the number of made selections gets in
the way c. Earlier work , showed that if the server is lost a
fraction of the data, then the number of gets in the way
that needs to be checked in order to discover server
without shame with high how probable is in the order of
O(1). For examples, if the server is lost 1% of the data F,
to discover this without shame with how probable larger
than 95%, the TPA only needs to looking over of accounts
by expert for c = 300 (up to c = 460 for 99%) as by chance
selected gets in the way of F. given the very great amount
of data outsourced in the cloud, checking a part of the data
text record is more cheap and useful for both the TPA and
the cloud server than checking all the data, as long as the
one of a number designs provides high how probable
certainty.
4. Related work
Ateniese et Al. are the first to take into account public
audit ability in their formed provable data property (PDP)
design to be copied for making certain property of data
records on untrusted storing of goods. Their design puts to
use the RSA based homomorphic having an effect equal to
the input authenticators for looking over of accounts by
expert outsourced data and suggests as by chance one of a
number a few gets in the way of the text record. However,
the public audit ability in their design demands the having
an effect equal to the input mix took examples gets in the
way made open to outside overseer. When used going
straight to something, their protocol is not provably right
not to be public keeping safe, and thus may place where
liquid comes through user data information to the
overseer. Juels et Al. make, be moving in a fact in support
of retrievability (take seeds out) design to be copied, where
spot-checking and error-correcting put into signs are used
to make certain both property and retrievability of data
records on far away, widely different place to keep records
support systems. However, the number of looking over of
ISSN 2278-6856
accounts by expert questions a user can act is fixed a

priori, and public audit ability is not supported in their
main design. Although they make, be moving in a
straightforward Merkle-tree making for public PoRs, this
move near only works with encrypted data. Dodis et Al.
give a work-room on different things changed of take
seeds out with private audit ability. Shacham et Al. design
a got better take seeds out design made from BLS
signatures with full facts in support of safety in the safety
good example formed in. Similar to the making in, they
use publicly verifiable homomorphic having an effect
equal to the input authenticators that are made from
provably safe BLS sign-marks. Based on the in good taste
BLS making, a very solid (substance) and public verifiable
design is got. Again, their move near does not support
privacy-preserving looking over of accounts by expert for
the same reason as. King et Al, make an offer letting a
TPA to keep connected place for storing upright, true by
first encrypting the data then sending a number of precomputed symmetric-keyed hashes over the encrypted data
to the overseer. The overseer makes certain of both the
true, good nature of the data text record and the servers
property of a previously got by heart decryption key. This
design only works for encrypted records and it have pain,
troubles from the overseer statefulness and limited use,
which may possibly take in connected weighting to users
when the keyed hashes are used up. In other related work,
Ateniese et Al. make an offer a not completely, partly
forcefull account of the before PDP design, using only like
in form key cryptography but with a limited number of
looking over of accounts by expert. In, Wang et Al. take
into account a similar support for one-sided forcefull data
place for storing in a made distribution scenario with
added point of data error localization. In a coming after
work, Wang et Al. make an offer to TRADING group
BLS-based HLA with MHT to support both public audit
ability and full data driving power. Almost at the same
time, Erway et Al. undergone growth an overlook lists
based design to give power provable data property with
full driving power support. however, the verification in
these two protocols has need of the having an effect equal
to the input mix of made selections gets in the way just as,
and thus does not support privacy preserving looking over
of accounts by expert. While all the above designs make
ready methods for good at producing an effect looking
over of accounts by expert and provable certainty on the
rightness of from far stored data, none of them meet all
the requirements for privacy preserving public looking
over of accounts by expert in cloud computing. More
importantly, none of these designs take into account group
looking over of accounts by expert, which can greatly get
changed to other form the computation price on the TPA
when to line of brickwork with a greatly sized number of
looking over of accounts by expert delegations.
5. Conclusion
In this paper, we make an offer a privacy-preserving
public looking over of accounts by expert system for data
place for storing safety in cloud computing. We put to use
the homomorphic having an effect equal to the input
Page 145

authenticator and random covering to be responsible for
that the TPA would not learn any knowledge about the
data what is in stored on the cloud server during the good
at producing an effect looking over of accounts by expert
process, which not only takes away the put a weighting on
of cloud user from the tiresome and possibly high in price
looking over of accounts by expert work, but also makes
less troubling the users fear of their outsourced data loss.
giving thought to as TPA may taking place together grip
multiple looking over of accounts by expert sessions from
different users for their outsourced data records, we
further stretch our privacy-preserving public looking over
of accounts by expert protocol into a multi-user frame for
events, where the TPA can act multiple looking over of
accounts by expert tasks in a group ways for better doing
work well much analysis shows that our designs are
provably safe and highly good at producing an effect.
ISSN 2278-6856
ESORICS09, volume 5789 of LNCS. SpringerVerlag, Sep. 2009, pp. 355370.
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