ECONOMICS

1. Micro Economics
a. Consumer behavior..............................................................................
b. Determination of market demand and supply......................................
c. Theory of the firm................................................................................
d. Producers equilibrium.........................................................................
e. Pricing of the factors of production......................................................
2. Macro Economics
a. Basic economic concepts.....................................................................
b. National income accounting.................................................................
c. Consumption function and multiplier...................................................
d. Determination of equilibrium level of income and output....................
e. Inflation................................................................................................
3. Money and Banking
a. Functions of Money..............................................................................
b. Quantity Theory of Money....................................................................
c. The Fisher and Cambridge Formulations..............................................
d. Systems of note issue..........................................................................
e. Credit Creation.....................................................................................
f. Functions of Central Banks...................................................................
g. Instruments of credit control................................................................
h. Theory of Liquidity Preference.............................................................
4. Public Financing
a. Government expenditure.....................................................................
b. Sources of Government Revenue.........................................................
c. Types of taxes......................................................................................
d. Incidence of different taxes..................................................................
e. Public Debt...........................................................................................
f. Objectives methods of repayment, Deficit financing............................
5. International Trade
a. Theory of Comparative costs...............................................................
b. Arguments for Protection.....................................................................
c. Balance of payments............................................................................
d. International liquidity...........................................................................
e. International Money and Banking Institutions......................................
ECONOMICS II
6. Definition and measurement of Development
a. Characteristics of under development
b. Rethinking on the concept of Development : Growth vs. Redistributive justice
c. Absolute and Relative Poverty
d. Basic Needs Approach.
7 . Planning Experience of Pakistan
a. A critical evaluation of the strategy of economic planning
8. Agricultural Development in Pakistan
b. Changes in Agricultural
c. Policies over plan periods
d. Major Monetary and Fiscal measures to promote Agricultural development
e. Green Revolution Strategy and its implications for growth and redistribution

f.

Land Reforms and changes in the Tenure System 19501980, Cooperative

Farming.
9. Industrial Development in Pakistan
a. Early industrialization strategy
b. Creation of Financial and Development Institutions
c. Major monetary and fiscal measures to promote industrial development
d. Changing role of public sector over the plan periods
e. Evaluation of Nationalization Policy
f. Concentration of industrial income and wealth.
10. Role of Foreign Trade and Aid in economic development
a. Trends in Pakistans Balance of Payments
b. Changes in direction of trade
c. Trends in Pakistans major exports and imports
d. Causes of significant changes in the trends
e. the role of migration and remittances in Pakistans economy
f. Costs and benefits of Foreign Aid.
11. Privatization, denationalization and deregulation
12. Conceptual and operational aspects International comparisons

STATISTICS
1. Basic Probability:
a. Axiomatic definition of probability
b. random variable
c. distribution function
d. probability density function
e. mathematical expectation
f. conditional probability
g. jointly distributed random variables
h. marginal and conditional distributions
i. conditional expectation
j. Stochastic independence.
2. Some Special Distributions:
a. Binomial
b. Poisson
c. negative binomial
d. hyper geometric
e. normal distributions with their derivation of their mean and variance
f. Definition and Application of chi-square
g. T and F distributions.
3. Statistical Inference:
a. Maximum probability estimation of the mean and the variance of a normal
population
b. confidence interval for mean
c. difference of means and for variance
d. testing hypothesis for the equality of two means (paired and unpaired
observations)
e. Testing of equality of several means (ANOVA) and testing of variance and
equality of two variance.
4. Correlation and regression:
a. Simple linear regression model
b. point and interval estimation of parameters
c. Simple, Partial, Multiple Correlations and testing of these correlations.
5. Sampling, Simple random, stratified, systematic and cluster sampling, estimates
of mean and total and their precision.
6. Applications of Statistics in social, economic and political problems public health,
crimes, Law, social innovations, economic development, socio-political inequality.