APPENDIX

TOWER SPOTTING DATA

132 KV D/C TRANSMISSION LINES

2
3
4
5
A

Normal Span = 335 Metres.

Conductor : ACSR PANTHER; Earth wire : 7 / 4.00mm (GSS)
All Spans in
Metres
Suspension
Angle
Angle
Angle
TOWER TYPE
Type A
Type B
Type C
Type D
Broken wire condition
GW, Or Any GW + One, GW + One, GW + Two,
One
Or Any Two Or Any Two
Or Any
Conductor
Conductors Conductors
Three
Conductors
Deviation not to exceed
2
15
30
60
Vertical load of individual span
Not to
act
Up or
Up or
Up or
Upwards
Down
Down
Down
Individual Span not greater than
(From vertical separation
consideration)
463
484
484
489
Vertical load limitations (Metres) Max.
Weight span
Groundwire:
Both spans
503
503
503
503
Effect of
One span
302
302
302
302
Conductor:
Both spans
503
503
503
503
Effect of
One span
302
302
302
302
Min. Weight span
Groundwire:
Both spans
218
(-) 218
(-) 218
(-) 218
Effect of
One span
131
(-) 131
(-) 131
(-) 131
Conductor:
Both spans
218
(-) 218
(-) 218
(-) 218
Effect of
One span
131
(-) 131
(-) 131
(-) 131

B
6 Permissible sum of adjacent spans for
various deviation angles
a) Provided ground clearance is
available
b) Sum never to exceed twice the
individual span given in (4) above

770

15

770

30 770

60

770

812

14

855

29 854

59

844

854

13

943

28 937

58

921

27

57

12

56
7

Design longitudinal tension (kg)

(32.2C + F.W.) /
(-2.5C + 2/3 Wind)

SAGS AND TENSIONS

1. Max. Tension at (-) 2.5 deg. C
with 2/3 of full wind
2. Sag at (-) 2.5 deg. C and
still air

Ground
Wire
Conductor

4439 /
1540
1402 /
1571

1427 /
1527
2780 /
3114

1390 /
1488
2709 /
3034

55
1246 /
1334
2428 /
2720

Conductor

Earthwire

(Kgs.)

3141

1540

(Metres)

4.71

SAGS AND TENSIONS

3. Tension at 32 deg. C and
full
wind
4. Sag at 32 deg. C and
Still air
5. Max. tension,sag at 75 deg. C and
still air in case of conductor,
and 65 deg. C and still air
case of earth wire(without creep)
6.

-----do----- (with 2%creep

in case of conductor only)

NOTE:

Conductor

Earthwire

(Kgs.)

2804

1438

(metres.)

5.75

1794/7.617

1028/5.84

(kgs./ Metres)
(Metres)

The above data is valid only for a particular design of towers and is shown as a sample. The
specific data for the type of towers being provided on the line is to be used.

Calculation of Load
(A) Wind pressure on crossing span:
Conductor: - 3x2/3x21/1000x240x45 = 453.6 kg
Earth wire: - 1x2/3x9.45/1000x240x45 = 68 kg
Total: = 521.6 kg
(B) Wind load on structure:
3/2xArea of structure x Wind pressure
a) Loc. No. 31 (400kV,B+3) = 3/2x16x45= 1080 kg
b) Loc. No. 32 (400kV,B) = 3/2x15x45 = 1012.5 kg
(C) Wind load on structure due to conductor & Earth Wire load on both side:
2/3 x diameter of conductor x Weight span of conductor & Earth wire both side wind
load
(i) Loc. No. 31 = 129m
(ii) Loc. No. 32 = 111+262 = 373m
a) Wind Load on Loc. No. 31 = 2/3x45x129x (3x21/1000+1x9.45/1000) = 280.38 kg.
b) Wind Load on Loc. No. 32 = 2/3x45x373x (3x21/1000+1x9.45/1000) = 810.72 kg.
(D) Total Load on structure:
a) Loc. No. 31 = 1080+280.38 = 1360.38 kg
b) Loc. No. 32 = 1012.5 + 810.72 = 1823.22 kg

CALCULATIONS
132 kV Overhead crossing BNGM RAS Track
Crossing Span: - 245 m
a) Sag at 0deg C, full wind & FOS= 4
Effective weight of conductor (Wr) = 1.16 kg/m
Max. Working Tension (T1) = (Ultimate tensile strength) / (Factor of safety)
= 9144 / 4 = 2286 kg
2
Sag at same level = WL / 8T
= (1.16x245x245) / (8x2286)
= 3.81 m
b) Sag at 75deg C, initial temp 0degC, No wind & FOS= 4
Initial working Tension (T1) = 9144 / 4
= 2286 kg
Effective loading = 1.346 kg/m
Unit wt of Conductor = 0.974 kg/m
Max. Working Tension (T2) = 1159 kg
Sag at same level at 75 deg C = WL2/ 8T
= (0.974x245x245) / (8x1159)
= 6.31 m
c) Sag at 75deg C, No wind & FOS= 4, initial temp = 32.2degC
Temperature diff. (32.2 deg C) = 42.8 deg C
Max. Working Tension (T3) = 1588 kg
Sag at same level at 75 deg C with initial temp. 32.2 deg C = WL2/ 8T
= (0.974x245x245) / (8x1588)
= 4.602 m
Height difference between towers = 4.05 m
Tower no. 31 = B+3
Tower no. 32 = B
Crossing span = 245 m
At 75 deg C
1. Maximum sag point of crossing span in reference to Loc no. 32
X1 = L/ 2 - (TxH) / (WxL)
= 245/2 (1588x4.05) / (0.974 x 245)
= 95.55 m
Sag at X1 from Loc no.32 = W X12/ 2T = 0.974 x (95.55)2 / (2x 1588)
= 2.80m
Then; X2 = L- X1 = 245 95.55 = 149.45 m
2. Maximum sag point of crossing span in reference to Loc no. 31
Sag at X2 from Loc no.31 = W X22/ 2T = 0.974 x (149.45)2 / (2x 1588)
= 6.85 m

(i) Sag at (98m) - Existing Track (from tower no. 32) = WL2/ 2T
= 0.974 x (98)2 / (2 x1588)
= 2.945 m
(ii) Sag at (58m) - RAS Track (from tower no. 32) = WL2/ 2T
= 0.974 x (58)2 / (2 x1588)
= 1.032 m
(iii) Sag at (67.5m) - DFC Track-6 =(from tower no. 31) WL2/ 2T
= 0.974 x (67.5)2 / (2 x1588)
= 1.40 m
(iv) Sag at (96.5m) - DFC Track 0 (from tower no. 31) = WL2/ 2T
= 0.974 x (96.5)2 / (2 x1588)
= 2.86 m

Minimum clearance at Railway tracks:a) DFC track-6 = (33.300m) height of conductor at Middle cross arm (9.8+0.74m) Railway
track height (1.40m) Sag at track
= 21.36 m
b) DFC track-0 = (33.300m) height of conductor at Middle cross arm (9.8+0.74m) Railway
track height (2.86m) Sag at track
= 19.9 m
c) RAS track = (30.300m) height of conductor at Middle cross arm (5.4+0.67m) Railway
track height (1.032m) Sag at track
= 23.198 m
d) Existing track= (30.300m) height of conductor at Middle cross arm (5.8+0.67m) Railway
track height (2.945m) Sag at track
= 20.885 m

Note: - Partially clearance on Railway track will be less than above but always
above 17.26 mt.
At -2.5 deg C
Sag at -2.5 deg C, No wind & FOS= 4, initial temp = 32.2degC
Temperature diff. (-2.5-32.2) deg C = - 34. 7 deg C
Max. Working Tension (T3) = 3205 kg
Sag at same level at -2.5 deg C = WL2/ 8T
= (0.974x245x245) / (8x3205)
= 2.28 m
1. Maximum sag point of crossing span in reference to Loc no. 32
X1 = L/ 2 - (TxH) / (WxL)
= 245/2 (3205x4.05) / (0.974 x 245)
= 68.11 m
Sag at X1 from Loc no.32 = W X12/ 2T = 0.974 x (68.11)2 / (2x 3205)
= 0.70m

Then; X2 = L- X1 = 245 68.11 = 176.89 m

2. Maximum sag point of crossing span in reference to Loc no. 31

Sag at X2 from Loc no.31 = W X22/ 2T = 0.974 x (176.89)2 / (2x 3205)
= 4.75 m
(i) Sag at (98m) - Existing Track (from tower no. 32) = WL2/ 2T
= 0.974 x (98)2 / (2 x3205)
= 1.46 m
(ii) Sag at (58m) - RAS Track (from tower no. 32) = WL2/ 2T
= 0.974 x (58)2 / (2 x3205)
= 0.51 m
(iii) Sag at (67.5m) - DFC Track-6 (from tower no. 31) = WL2/ 2T
= 0.974 x (67.5)2 / (2 x3205)
= 0.69 m
(iv) Sag at (96.5m) - DFC Track 0 (from tower no. 31) = WL2/ 2T
= 0.974 x (96.5)2 / (2 x3205)
= 1.41 m

Minimum clearance at Railway tracks:a) DFC track-6 = (33.300m) height of conductor at Middle cross arm (9.8+0.74m) Railway
track height (0.69m) Sag at track
= 22.07 m
b) DFC track-0 = (33.300m) height of conductor at Middle cross arm (9.8+0.74m) Railway
track height (1.41m) Sag at track
= 21.35 m
c) RAS track = (30.300m) height of conductor at Middle cross arm (5.4+0.67m) Railway
track height (0.51m) Sag at track
= 23.72 m
d) Existing track= (30.300m) height of conductor at Middle cross arm (5.8+0.67m) Railway
track height (1.46 m) Sag at track
= 22.37 m

Note: - Partially clearance on Railway track will be less than above but always
above 17.26 mt.