PROCEDURE FOR MONOLITHIC SINGLE GLAZING SIMPLY SUP

PROCEDURE FOR MONOLITHIC SINGLE GLAZING SIMPLY SUP

PROCEDURE FOR MONOLITHIC SINGLE GLAZING SIMPLY SUP

PROCEDURE FOR MONOLITHIC SINGLE GLAZING CONTINUOU

PROCEDURE FOR SINGLE-GLAZED LAMINATED GLASS CONST

PROCEDURE FOR LAMINATED SINGLE GLAZING SIMPLY SUPP

PROCEDURE FOR LAMINATED SINGLE GLAZING SIMPLY SUPP

PROCEDURE FOR LAMINATED SINGLE GLAZING SIMPLY SUPP

PROCEDURE FOR INSULATING GLASS (IG) WITH MONOLITHIC

NGLE GLAZING SIMPLY SUPPORTED CONTINUOUSLY ALONG FOUR SIDES:

NGLE GLAZING SIMPLY SUPPORTED CONTINUOUSLY ALONG THREE SIDES:

NGLE GLAZING SIMPLY SUPPORTED CONTINUOUSLY ALONG TWO OPPOSITE SIDES:

NGLE GLAZING CONTINUOUSLY SUPPORTED ALONG ONE EDGE

D LAMINATED GLASS CONSTRUCTED WITH A PVB INTERLAYER SIMPLY SUPPORTED CONTINUOUSLY AL

NGLE GLAZING SIMPLY SUPPORTED CONTINUOUSLY ALONG THREE SIDES WHERE IN-SERVICE LG TEMP

NGLE GLAZING SIMPLY SUPPORTED CONTINUOUSLY ALONG TWO OPPPOSITE SIDES WHERE IN-SERVIC

NGLE GLAZING SIMPLY SUPPORTED CONTINUOUSLY ALONG TWO OPPPOSITE SIDES WHERE IN-SERVIC

ASS (IG) WITH MONOLITHIC GLASS LITES OF EQUAL (SYMMETRIC) OR DIFFERENT (ASYMMETRIC) GLA

ITE SIDES:

PPORTED CONTINUOUSLY ALONG FOUR SIDES

WHERE IN-SERVICE LG TEMPERATURES DO NOT EXCEED 50 DEG CELCIUS (122 DEG FAREINHEIGTH

TE SIDES WHERE IN-SERVICE LG TEMPERATURES DO NOT EXCEED 50 DEG CELCIUS (122 DEG FAREIN

TE SIDES WHERE IN-SERVICE LG TEMPERATURES DO NOT EXCEED 50 DEG CELCIUS (122 DEG FAREIN

FFERENT (ASYMMETRIC) GLASS TYPE AND THICKESS SIMPLY SUPPORTED CONTINUOUSLY ALONG FOU

(122 DEG FAREINHEIGTH

G CELCIUS (122 DEG FAREINHEIGTH

G CELCIUS (122 DEG FAREINHEIGTH

CONTINUOUSLY ALONG FOUR SIDES:

TABLE 1

TABLE 4

TABLE 5

TABLE 6

FIGURE A1.1

FIGURE A1.2

FIGURE A1.3

FIGURE A1.4

FIGURE A1.5

FIGURE A1.6

FIGURE A1.7

FIGURE A1.8

FIGURE A1.9

FIGURE A1.10

FIGURE A1.11

FIGURE A1.12

FIGURE A1.13

FIGURE A1.14

FIGURE A1.15

FIGURE A1.16

FIGURE A1.17

FIGURE A1.18

FIGURE A1.19

FIGURE A1.20

FIGURE A1.21

FIGURE A1.22

FIGURE A1.23

FIGURE A1.24

FIGURE A1.25

FIGURE A1.26

FIGURE A1.27

Load x Area2

FIGURE A1.28

FIGURE A1.29

FIGURE A1.30

FIGURE A1.31

FIGURE A1.32

FIGURE A1.41

FIGURE A1.34

FIGURE A1.35

FIGURE A1.36

FIGURE A1.37

FIGURE A1.38

FIGURE A1.39

FIGURE A1.40

APPENDIX X1

APPENDIX X2

DOCUMENT NO.

SUBJECT

FORMULAS

REFERENCE

CALCULATIONS

ASPECT RATIO, AR

AR
a
b
AR

=
=
=
=

a/b
2500.00
1500.00
1.67

GLASS AREA , A
3.75
A =

mm
mm
mm

Plate Length (long dimension)

Plate Width (short dimension)

m2

Load, q x AREA2, LA
4.00
q=
15.00
LA =

kPa

kN.m2
NON DIMENSIONAL DEFLECTION,
= w /t
27.35
w =
mm
maximum lateral deflection of the glass
8.00
t
=
mm
true glass thickness
3.42
=

ALTERNATE PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING THE APPROXIMATE CENTER OF GLASS

W
t

=
=

t x exp (r0 + r1 X x + r2 x x2)

r0

0.553 - 3.83 (a/b) + 1.11 (a/b)2 - 0.0969 (a/b)3

r0

r1

r1

r2

r2

x
q
x
W

=
=
=
=

8.00

mm

center of glass deflection, mm (By D

plate thickness

-3.20
-2.29 + 5.83 (a/b) - 2.17 (a/b)2 + 0.2067 (a/b)3
2.36
1.485 - 1.908 (a/b) +0.815 (a/b)2-0.0822(a/b)3
0.19
ln{ln[q(ab)2/Et4]}
4.00
applied load
1.66
27.35
mm, deflection

OPTIONAL PROCEDURE FOR EXTIMATING PROBABILITY OF BREAKAGE FOR ANNEA

Pb
k
a
b
m

= k(ab)1-m(Et2)meJ
2.8600E-53
.=
2500.00
=
1500.00
=
7.00
=

Probability of breakage
surface flaw parameters

t
e
j
Pb

=
=
=

8.00
2.7182
18.00

0.0298

mm

glass thickness

stress distribution factor

on of the glass

TE CENTER OF GLASS DEFLECTION

eflection, mm (By Dalgliesh )

REAKAGE FOR ANNEALED GLASS PLATES

SHEET

OUTPUT

6.00
10.26

8.00
11.00

BEAMS WITH INTERMEDIATE BUCKLING RESTRAINTS

24 mm
t=
glass thickness
300 mm
d=
fin glass depth
150 mm
Yh =
Lay =
1,480 mm
Distance bet. points of effective rigid rotationa
72,000 MPa
E=
Modulus of elasticity of glass
30,000 MPa
G=
Shear modulus
6.30 constant obtaine from table C1 below
g.1 =

Ix = txd3/12

54000000

Iy = dxt3/12

345600

mm4

second moment of area @ x -

mm4
second moment of area @ y 1312727.04 mm4
torsional consta

J = (dxt3/3)x[1-(0.63xt/d)]
=
1.7
FS =
24,883,200,000 mm8
EI = ExIy
=
39,381,811,200 mm8
GJ =
MCR = (g1/Lay) [(E Iy) (G J) ]
MCR =

133.254

kNm

MC =

78.385

kNm

FOR SIMPLY SUPPORTED BENDING

L
w
LF
MACT

=
=
=
=

5,667
4.1
1.400

mm
N/mm

16,458,881 Nmm

MACT =
MU =
MU =

16.459 KNm
23,042,433 Nmm
23.042 KN OK

FOR SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEFLECTION

L/240 =
DMAX =

23.61 mm
19 mm

DDEF =

14.161 mm

OK

ve rigid rotational restraint

ent of area @ x - axis

ent of area @ y - axis

torsional constant of inertia

BEAMS WITH NO INTERMEDIATE BUCKLING RESTRAINTS

24 mm
t=
glass thickness
300 mm
d=
fin glass depth
150 mm
Yh =
Lay =
4,186 mm
Distance bet. points of effective rigid rotationa
72,000 MPa
E=
Modulus of elasticity of glass
29,508 MPa
G=
Shear modulus
6.10 constant obtaine from table C2 below
g.2 =
1.80 constant obtaine from table C2 below
g.3 =

Ix = txd3/12

Iy = dxt3/12

54000000

J = (dxt3/3)x[1-(0.63xt/d)]
1.7
FS =
24,883,200,000 mm8
EI =
38,735,949,496 mm8
GJ =

mm4

second moment of area @ x

345,600 mm4

second moment of area @ y

1,312,727 mm4

MCR = (g2/Lay) [(E Iy) (G J) ] [1 - g3 (yh/Lay) [(E Iy) / (G J) ] ]

MCR =

42.513 kNm

MC =

25.008 kNm

FOR SIMPLY SUPPORTED BENDING

w=

16.765125

N/mm

LF =
MACT =
MACT =
MU =
MU =

1.000

Load Factor

36,721,064 Nmm
36.721

KNm

36,721,064 Nmm
36.721

KNm

;NOT OK

FOR SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEFLECTION

L/240 =
DMAX =

17.44 mm

DDEF =

17.239 mm

19 mm
;OK

ve rigid rotational restraint

moment of area @ x - axis

moment of area @ y - axis

torsional constant of inertia

BEARING OF THE GLASS

GIVEN:
0.75
P =
1.16
h =
1000
b =
M = Pxh
=

kN
m
mm
0.87

upper

p
6M

b( d d 1 ) b( d d 1 ) 2

lower

p
6M

b ( d d 1 ) b ( d d1 ) 2

sallowable

73

d
d1
d2
t

kN.m

=
=
=
=

150
22
0
10

mm
mm
mm
mm

0.32

Mpa

-0.31

Mpa

Mpa

OK safe

SHOE BRACKET ADEQUACY

upper

p
6M

b ( d d 1 ) b( d d 1 ) 2

0.32

Mpa

 lower

p
6M

b ( d d1 ) b ( d d 1 ) 2

-0.31

Mpa

( d d1 ) lower
lower upper

62.82

mm

( d d1 ) Ylower

65.18

mm

Yupper

118.27

mm

Ylower
Yupper

Lever arm ( d d 2 t )
MU

Mcap

= Mplate 1.6

at the bottom

275

Fy =
=

Fyxbxt2/4

upperYupper xb
2

Leverarm

Mpa
=

6.88

kN.m

OK safe

2.00

2.00

kN.m

Sb =
Sb =
Sb =

X
1.78
1.90

He
He
He

=
=
=

16.90
10.00
20.00

m
m
m

Thus Sb for 16.9 , Sb = 1.78 - (1.78 - 1.9) / (10 - 20) x (10 - 16.9) = 1.8628
Then:
Effective wind speed Ve =Vs x Sb
Ve = 28.09 m/s x 1.8628
= 52.326052 m/s
From sec. 2.1.2 of BS 6399-2
Dynamic wind pressure qs = 0.613 x Ve
qs = 0.613 x (52.326m/s) x 1 kPa/1000 Pa; qs = 1.678 kPa

Hr
Ho
Xo
Hd
Hd
Hd
Thus:
Hd
He
He

=
=
=
=
=
=

16.9
m
100
m
50
m
0.8xHo
m
1.2xHo - 0.2Xo
0
m

=
=
=

80
m
0.4 Hr or Hr - Hd , whichever is greater
6.76
m

reference height
obstruction height
separation distance between buildings
displacement height
for Xo < 2 Ho
m displacement height
for 2Xo < Xo <
displacement height
for Xo > 6 Ho

Using Table 4 to solve for Sb by interpolation

X
6.76
Sb =
He =
m
1.64
5.00
Sb =
He =
m
1.78
10.00
Sb =
He =
m
Thus Sb for 6.76 , Sb = 1.64 - (1.64 - 1.78) / (5 - 10) x (5 - 6.76) = 1.69
Effective windspeed Ve = Vs x Sb
47.4721 m/s
Ve =
From sec. 2.1.2 of BS 6399-2
Dynamic wind pressure qs = 0.613 x Ve
qs = 0.613 x (47.472m/s) x 1 kPa/1000 Pa; qs = 1.381 kPa

.9) = 1.8628

Xo < 2 Ho
OK!
for 2Xo < Xo < 6 Ho
Xo > 6 Ho
Not OK!

6) = 1.69

Not OK!

PROPERTIES OF TRANSOM
H1 =
H2 =
L =
GT =
D1=
t1 =
t2 =

2.064
1.415
1.89
14
50.3
3
2

Zy =

12444.83

Zx =

24925.87

Ix =
Po =

160

Pv =

95

E=
T.A. =

SHEAR OF MINOR AXIS

1750703.82

70000
1.73

LOADINGS:
Applied Wind Load

1.83

kPa

Applied glass for at setting blocks P = density x volume of glass / 2 settin

P = 25 kN/ m x H1xW2xGT/2
0.68
P=
kN
From the figure above, the max. applied shear Vact = 1.2 x P
Vact =

0.82

kN
Using clause 4.5.3.2 of BS8118-1:1991 to compute for allowable shear Val
Vall = shear strength of aluminum x effective shear area / material factor
Val1 =Pv MPa x 0.8 x 2 number of webs x depth x thickness / 1.2 factor
Vall =
Vact / Vall =

12.74

kN

0.06

kN (low shear)

.:OK SAFE

FLEXURAL OF MINOR AXIS

Applied glass for at setting blocks P = density x volume of glass / 2 settin

P = 25 kN/ m x H1xW2xGT/2
0.68
P=
kN
Setting block location a =L/4

472.5
a
mm
M =P x a
0.32
M
kN.m
From the figure above, the max. applied moment Mact = 1.2 x M
Mact =

0.39

kN.m
As per clause 4.5.4 of BS81181:1991, moment with low shear may assumed t
factored moment resistance is unaffected by a coincident shear force.
Therefore, allowable moment Mall = bending strength x elastic modulus/mater
Mall = Po x Zy /1.2 material factor
Mall =

1.66

kN.m

.:OK SAFE

SHEAR OF MAJOR AXIS

Vact = 1.2 x suction wind pressure x wind tributary area/2
1.73
T.A. =
Applied Wind Load
Vact =
2.80

m2
=

tributary area of transom

2.7
kPa

kN
Using clause 4.5.3.2 of BS8118-1:1991 to compute for allowable shear Vall
Vall = shear strength of aluminum x effective shear area / material factor
Val1 =Pv MPa x 0.8 x 2 number of webs x depth x thickness / 1.2 factor
Vall = 27.1066666667 kN
Vact / Vall =
0.10

kN (low shear)

.:OK SAFE

FLEXURAL OF MAJOR AXIS

MactTRIAGULAR = 1.2 x WTRIAGULAR X L / 6

IF TRIANGULAR LOAD

where
WTRIAGULAR = WL x L x L/2
WTRIAGULAR =

1.63

kN

MactTRIAGULAR =

0.62

kN.m

MactTRAP = 1.2 x WTRAP X L / ~7

where
WTRAP = WL x 1/2 x [L + (L - H1)] x H1/2
WTRAP =

1.53

kN

or WL x 1/2 x [L + (L - H2)] x H

MactTRAP =

0.50

kN.m

Mact = MactTRIAGULAR + MactTRAP

Mact =

1.11

kN.m
As per cause 4.5.4 of BS81181:1991, moment with low shear may assumed
that the factored moment resistance is unaffected by a coincident shear force.
Therefore, allowable moment Mall = bending strength x elastic modulus/mater
Mall = Po MPa x Zx mm section modulus /1.2 material factor
Mall = 3.3234493333 kN.m OK SAFE
DEFLECTION
actTRIAGULAR = WTRIAGULAR X L / (60 x E x I)
where
WTRIAGULAR =

1.63

actTRIAGULAR =

1.50

ctTRAP

kN

mm
= WTRAP L / (67.334 x E x I)

where
WTRAP =

1.53

actTRAP =

kN
1.25

act = actTRIAGULAR + actTRAP

act =

2.75

mm
As per table 3.4 of BS81181:1991, allowable deflection all = L/250
all = span/250
all =

7.56

mm

OK SAFE

Combined Stress
Mact Minor / Mall + Mact major/Mall 1.0
0.57 <

OK SAFE

m
m
m
mm
mm
mm
mm

glass thickness
107
D2=
2
t3 =
2
t4 =

mm3

section modulus @minor axis

mm3

section modulus @major axis

mm
mm
mm

mm4
N/mm2

yield strength of Aluminum

N/mm

shear strength of Aluminum

N/mm2
mm2

modulus of elasticity of transom

tributary area of transom

me of glass / 2 setting blocks

or allowable shear Vall

rea / material factor

ckness / 1.2 factor

OK SAFE

me of glass / 2 setting blocks

shear may assumed that the

elastic modulus/mater factor

lowable shear Vall

/ material factor

ess / 1.2 factor

ULAR LOAD

1/2 x [L + (L - H2)] x H2/2

hear may assumed

cident shear force.
elastic modulus/mater factor

all = L/250