Steel Structures

PART 3 FABRICATION
9.3.1 GENERAL
9.3.1.6 FLAME CUTTING (1995)
The flame cutting procedures described in paragraph a, paragraph b and paragraph c of this article are
applicable to all types of fabrication, and are similar to those in AWS D1.5. Paragraph d, applicable to materials
used in riveted or bolted construction only, is included since flame cut edges of the two specified relatively hard
steels (A 440 and A 572 Grade 60) are subject to edge cracking which can initiate fatigue failures in the finished
structure.

9.3.1.8 PLANING SHEARED EDGES (1994)

a.

Any sheared edge may have incipient cracks resulting from the shearing operation, which literally tears
the material apart. Since such cracks might be harmful, the requirements for edge planing of sheared
material have been included in these and other specifications for many years.

b. The planing requirements need not be applied to thin A 36 material because the shearing operation does
not produce structurally damaging defects therein.

9.3.2 RIVETED AND BOLTED CONSTRUCTION

9.3.2.2 HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS, NUTS AND WASHERS (1995)
AND

9.3.2.3 INSTALLATION OF HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS (1995)

The turn of nut method for installation of high strength bolts is adopted because it is more reliable and
consistent than control by torque measurement. Any approved system that has been demonstrated to give a
direct measure of tension with consistent accuracy is also considered acceptable Bibliography 7 and 63.

9.3.2.5 SIZE AND WORKMANSHIP OF HOLES (1995)

NOTE:Refer to Table 9-2.
The requirements of Article 3.2.5 are based on the use of standard holes. At locations approved by the engineer,
oversize holes, short slotted or long slotted holes may be used with high strength bolts inch in diameter or
larger in accordance with the following requirements.
a.

Oversize holes may have nominal diameters up to inch larger than bolts inch and less in diameter,
inch larger than bolts l inch in diameter, and inch larger than bolts 1 inch and greater in
diameter. They may be used in any or all plies of connections. Hardened washers shall be installed over
oversized holes in an outer ply. Where A490 bolts over 1 inch in diameter are used in oversized holes in
external plies, a single hardened washer conforming to ASTM F436, except with a inch minimum
thickness, shall be used under both the head and the nut in lieu of standard thickness hardened washers.
Multiple hardened washers with combined thickness equal to or greater than inch do not satisfy this
requirement.

b. Short slotted holes are nominally inch wider than bolt diameter and have a length which does not
exceed the oversized diameter provisions for oversize holes by more than inch They may be used in
any or all plies of connections without regard to direction of loading. Hardened washers shall be installed
1999, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

15-9-34

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering