Pratt Institute W.Harlem Sustainability Research

SUSTAINABLE
COMMUNITIES
West Harlem
Students:
Special Thanks to:
Haley Cox
Lise Lamatia
Stewart
Fisken
Bryan Ross
Daniel
Gradess
Beth Gratzer
Jason
Hernandez
Electra Jarvis
Asli Keslerfor
Thomas
Storck
Aurash Khawarzad
Instructors
:Ronald
WE ACT for Environmental

Justice
Jamie Stein
Shiffman
Community of West Harlem
Meera Vaidya
Adia Ware
Case Wyse
Sustainable Communities -Fall 2014
POINTS OF INTEREST
for
DEMOGRAPHICS OF INTEREST
for
IDENTIFYING THE ISSUES

Climate Change Preparedness
Green Infrastructure
Water Plaza & Rain Garden
Access & Green walls
Renewable Energy in Open
Spaces
Evacuation Procedures
Critical Infrastructure
Public Health & Welfare

Food access, Youth facilities
Elderly, Health Care Facilities
Place-making
Economic Opportunities
Energy Alternatives
Community-Driven
Economy
for
SEA LEVEL RISE
HEAT ISLAND EFFECT
FLOODING
STORM SURGE
HURRRICANE
AIR QUALITY
BLIZZARD
HEAT WAVE
for
HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

for
LANDCOVER
COMBINED SEWER
OUTFALL LOCATIONS
(PERMEABLE V/S NON-PERMEABLE)

HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

Source:
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/images/cont
ent/141367main_landsat_surf_temp_lg.jpg
LANDCOVER
(PERMEABLE V/S NON-PERMEABLE)

Source: SAVI Spatial Analysis Database
COMBINED SEWER
OUTFALL LOCATIONS
Source: SAVI Spatial Analysis Database
for
Areas of Concern
Factors
Scenario
Heat Wave
Flood
Hurricane
Blizzard
Combined
Energy
Healthcare
Housing
Food
Transportation
Businesses
Recreation
Water supply services
Sanitation services
Solid waste services
Storm Water management
KEY
Minor Impact
Major Impact
for
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
Wet Weather
conditions:
Combined sewer
outfall
Dry
Weather
conditions
Reduce storm water runoff at the

source Green Infrastructure
WHAT
Green Roofs
Rain garden
Permeable surface
for
Wet Weather
conditions:
Combined sewer
outfall
Dry
Weather
conditions
Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/CSO_diagram_US_EPA.jpg
Reduce storm water runoff at the source

Green
Infrastructure
WHAT
Green Roofs
Rain garden
Source:http://www.mapc.org/sites/de
fault/files/images/resources/Diagram
_of_Green_Roof_System.jpg
Source:http://www.gallatin-tn.gov/wpcontent/uploads/Rain-Garden-Diagram1.gif
Permeable surface
Source:https://lafoundation.org/myos
/my-uploads/2012/10/16/charlescitydiagram3.jpg
for
Reduce storm water runoff
Reduce impact on roof from temperature extremes
Improve air quality in context of Macro climate
Create small level recreational areas and community gardens
WHY
WHERE
HOW
Rooftops
Vacant/Parking Lots
Street Corners
Green Infrastructure Grant by

Identify possible sites and projects
Get consultation regarding structural feasibility & design
Community outreach & awareness
for
Reduce storm water runoff
Reduce impact on roof from temperature extremes
Improve air quality in context of Macro climate
Create small level recreational areas and community gardens
WHY
WHERE
HOW
Rooftops
Source:http://www.scientificamerica
n.com/sciam/cache/file/4A6D984A092C-4A00-BFC5B3E39D51EF84.jpg
Vacant/Parking Lots
Source:http://macaulay.cuny.edu
/eportfolios/greenparking/files/2
012/10/Grass-Paver.jpeg
Street Corners
Source:http://www.riverofflowers.
org/sites/default/files/images/gow
anus%20raingarden%20small.jpg
Green Infrastructure Grant by

Identify possible sites and projects
Get consultation regarding structural feasibility & design
Community outreach & awareness
for
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE WHERE!
125th Street - Low Elevation Corridor
LAND ELEVATION
FLOODPLAIN
for
WATER PLAZA & RAIN GARDEN

125th Street
Water Plaza
Broadway Median
Rain Gardens
for
WATER PLAZA
125TH STREET WATER PLAZA
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT & CATCHMENT
129TH STREET WATER PLAZA
PLANTERS & SEATING AREAS

for
RAIN GARDEN
BRAODWAY MEDIAN RAIN GARDEN
ROCKS, SOIL &

GRASS PLANTING
for
IMPROVED CROSSWALK
CURBSIDE RAIN GARDEN

ACCESS & GREEN WALLS

Proximity of
highest
population
Census tract to
Hudson River
Greenway
with natural
slope barrier
HIGHEST POPULATION AREAS
Air pollution sources:

N. River WWTP
Major Transportation Corridors
Metro Bus Depot & Storage
Buildings Heated
AIR POLLUTION
for
500 FT. SPREAD OF PM10 POLLUTION

for
SIDEWALKS PRIORITIZED BY
IMPACT
TARGET GREEN WALL AIR & PARKS ACCESS IMPROVEMENT STREETS

125TH 131ST STREETS
for
RENEWABLE ENERGY IN OPEN SPACES
PROBABLE TURBINES
LOCATIONS
for
WIND SPEEDS IN NEW YORK


Solar and Wind
Utilization in
Open Spaces:
Educational and Community
Engagement opportunities
West Harlem Energy Park Model
Long term economic investment
OPEN SPACES
for

Solar and Wind
Utilization in
Open Spaces:
Educational and Community
Engagement opportunities
West Harlem Energy Park Model
Long term economic investment
OPEN SPACES
for
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
The 9 Best Practices
No need to
reinvent the wheel
that help manage large scale events

1. Secure NYC executive support for evacuation planning &
communicate this support to West Harlem community.
2. Review current NYC evacuation zones & plans.
3. Walk any city designated evacuation routes.
4. Divide West Harlem into zones, assign zone leaders, zone
searchers, and a command center to coordinate incoming /
outgoing communications.
5. Ensure that plans for disabled, elderly and pets are in
place.
6. Pre-identify and assign assembly points for each zone.
7. Have accurate floor plans available for first responders.
8. Create community ownership and a maintenance plan.
9. Conduct community and zone leaders training and testing.
for
Divide West Harlem into zones & create
communication network
Distinct community zones with procedures
Assign a name, number or letter to each zone
zone division options: street, building # , geographic direction
#4
Create an informal technology communication corridor

cell phone relay system (zones to command center)
Utilize cell phone walky talky apps
(i.e. zello, voxer, go tenna, mesh networks)
walky talky / short wave radio (zone to zone)
for
Ensure that plans for disabled, elderly
and pets are in place
Compile location list of disabled and elderly
Building by building listing
#5
Disability information (special needs)

Transportation methods
Seek all options to locate pets with owners
pet shelters, veterinary clinics, kennels.
for
Create community ownership and a
maintenance plan
#8
Emergency Guides
Emergency Learning Guides

for Children
Personal Check List, Pet & Planning

Journal Guides
Emergency Learning Guides

for Tweens
for
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Primary Risk for Both Facilities:

Flooding leading to power outages
Additional Concerns with Gas Facility:

Source: NYC Wastewater Resilience Plan
Remote operation
Poor safety record
FLOODPLAIN DATA
for
NYC Wastewater
Resiliency Plan (DEP,
2013)
Comprehensive analysis of
climate risk to North River
Recommendations for floodproofing and on-site power
generation
DEP seeks community
partners to secure funding
Source: NYC Wastewater Resiliency Plan
Super storm Sandy flooding at North River

for
Gas Metering Facility: Safety Concerns
Remote Operation
Able to perform manual shutdown
during emergencies?
Poor Safety Record

Explosions fines
for
RECOMMENDATIONS
Short Term:
Press Williams to prove they have learned from Superstorm
Sandy and are prepared for the next storm
Partner with DEP on climate protection at North River
Long Term:
Support local renewable energy projects to reduce reliance on
natural gas infrastructure
for
Appendix-Details of
safety Concerns
1.
While the facility above-water was renovated in 2010, the pipes underwater remain 60
years old and vulnerable to corrosion and leakage. The transfer of operations from Con
Edison to Williams means that the facility no longer falls under the supervision of the
New York State Public Service Commission, but instead falls under Federal guidelines,
which only requires pipe inspection every seven years. [1]
2.
Williams Partners has a lengthy record of safety violations that have led to explosions
and fines. In one example of many, they were fined $50,000 by the U.S. Department of
Transportation for failing to follow its own internal guidelines for safe maintenance of
their pipes on Staten Island. [2]
3.
The plant is operated essentially by remote control, with the main control center in
Texas, and a local center in Hoboken, NJ. Mr. Bing stressed the fact that remote control
does not always work, as happened during Hurricane Sandy, when personnel had to
come in from Hoboken to do a manual shutdown. A major concern is that if
transportation routes are compromised during another major storm, will personnel be
able to make it to the facility in time to manually shut it down?
4.
There is no published report of the damage the facility sustained during Hurricane
Sandy, or what has been done to make the facility safe in the case of future storms.
[1] Interviews with Isaiah Obie Bing, November, 13 2014

[2] Safety record for Williams-Transco: http://saneenergyproject.org/2013/12/07/williams-safetyrecord/
for
ACCESS
POPULATION SHIFT
EMPOWERMENT
PLACEMAKING
EDUCATION
FOOD DESERT
HIGH RISK POPULAIONS

MENTAL WELL BEING
ELDERLY
HEALTHY FOODS
DEMOGRAPHICS
HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
AFFORDABILITY
YOUTH
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
for
DEMOGRAPHICS
for
for
DEMOGRAPHICS and YOUTH
for
ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOOD

Economic
Access
Mobile
Access
for
ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOODS
NYC Healthy
Bodegas
Initiative
Adopt-ABodega Sample
Timeline
for
HEALTHY FOODS and YOUTH
for
http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bronx/wildcat-academy-hunts-pt-kids-work-study-learnarticle-1.330890
ELDERLY and HEALTH FACILITIES
While a large group of residents who are 65+ years in CD 9 have no self-care
difficulty, there is a significant amount of this population of seniors who do indeed
have self-care difficulty and are in need of healthcare facilities, and assistance.
for
for
Mental Health and Developmental Disability Facilities are very densely populated
in the northern section of CD9. Mental health counseling services seem to be
more evenly distributed.
for

The 3 senior centers, that provide seniors access to many different activities
and services, are very sparsely located.
for

The MTA subway system is not easily accessible for those who physical
assistance and the elevators are often out of order.
for
PLACE MAKING
How can we improve this

space?
for
PLACE MAKING
Making Space Aesthetically Pleasing
This is a rendering that emphasizes the beauty of streetscapes. A

colored ceiling could bring light, and a sense of welcoming to
places such as the proposed overpass.
These photos are of a pedestrian underpass in Manila in the

Philippines. Placemaking interjections have begun here in the form of
a fountain and shrubs along the sides of the underpass. This is just
the beginning.
Giddings Plaza in Lincoln Square, Chicago. This space was
reconfigured to be an interactive public space for performance,
celebration and relaxation.
for
PLACE MAKING
INCORPORATING SMALL TEMPORARY BUSINESS
An example of a small, temporary business occupying a public space while beautifying it and adding to the
inclination for people to stay and spend time in the area. (Source: http://opticosdesign.com/incrementalplacemaking/)
for
PLACE MAKING
Planning for Climate Change:
Rain Water Management
This example in Portland, OR incorporates grasses

and other plants into the urban setting to help
address storm water management, while also
beautifying and making use of the edges of public
spaces.
Using grates such as these helps water move more easily as
well as providing a pleasing aesthetic texture to the
infrastructure.
Flushing Meadows Rain Garden Project
for
PLACE MAKING
Informative
Signage
Signs like this teach about green infrastructure projects

happening in that very space
Signs like this educate the reader about their natural

surroundings
Boards like this give the community an opportunity to post
announcements about events, services, or other happenings
within the community
for
WEALTH DIVIDE
ELECTRICITY BILLS
OIL PRICES
ECONOMY
LOCAL BUSINESSES
JUSTICE
NATURAL GAS BILLS

for
ENERGY ALTERNATIVES
How can we use
renewable energy
to
benefit residents with
high energy burdens?
for
ENERGY ALTERNATIVES SOLAR ELECTRICITY

PRIORITIZING HOUSEHOLDS WITH
THE GREATEST ENERGY BURDENS
Energy costs <

20% of shelter costs <
30% of income
The map shows distribution
of homeowners whose
selected monthly costs
(utilities, mortgage,
insurance, etc.) exceed 35%
of their income.
The map shows the

distribution of households
using electric heat. In New
York City residential
buildings, heating
accounts for most energy
consumed and electricity
is more expensive than
gas. Areas with more
electrically heated homes
are likely using more
electricity overall.
for

The Wealth divide
Our study area exists in the area
above 125th street where the median
household income is less than $40,000
a year.
Median household incomes in some

areas below 125th are 2 4 times
higher than those in the area between
125th and 145th streets.
MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME

for

How Much Can We Save?
Standard Solar PVs (12% efficient)
$2.86 per ft2 of panels annually
Higher-end Solar PVs (18% efficient)
$3.30 per ft2 of panels annually
Ex. $7,150 - $8,250 a year from 2500 ft2
of solar panels in West Harlem
Potential rooftop solar space differs
greatly from building to building
Model of multi-family
building on 142nd St
NYC Solar Map
To assess individual buildings:

Which buildings are ideal
Available space
Maximum annual savings
Annual carbon emission reduction
Source: www.nycsolarmap.com
for
Multi-family walk up buildings

Multi-family elevator buildings
Mixed Res & Comm Building
623 WEST 136 STREET
606 WEST 137 STREET
602 WEST 137 STREET
for
ENERGY ALTERNATIVES SOLAR THERMAL
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING TYPES
GROSS RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AREA

for

OCCUPIED FAMILY HOUSEHOLD
for

In West Harlem, use of fuel oil and kerosene for
heating is much higher than natural gas and
electricity
for

The price of heating oil for residential buildings is going
up!
for

Solar thermal for hot water and space heating
NYC - solar thermal is best suited to

supplement or replace hot water systems
Reduce cost of conventional fuels
Separating domestic hot water from the
central heating system creates a more
efficient space heating system by allowing a
building downsize the boiler and shut it
down in summer months
1 Large family with greater hot water needs
can save more
Protection from future fuel shortages and
price hikes
Reduce greenhouse gas emission
for
COMMUNITY DRIVEN ECONOMY

Growing Local Economy Better Resiliency
LOCAL ECONOMY
Necessary Relief Network esp. in case of natural disasters
Local Economy Generators:
Incubator Spaces
Subsidized spaces for local business opportunities to thrive
Farmers & Artisan Markets
Outlets for cottage industry and other local artisans; celebrates

healthy food and local goods
Buying-Local Incentives
Incentivizes buying locally - discounts to community residents
Business Improvement District Alternatives
Engages youth and other volunteers in streetscape and other

improvements to revitalize and enhance business districts
for
Incubator spaces
Local Artisans Market
La Marqueta
Artisan Market
Case Study:
East Harlem, Manhattan

Your Neighborhood Marketplace
Fully-equipped kitchen facilities for owners to create
products, and retail frontage from which to sell them.
Deeply discounted retail rates, secure and affordable offstreet parking, subsidized utilities, access to local hiring,
& co-location with other purveyors for shared resources.
1590 Park Avenue (at 115th Street) | More info: nyced.com/project/la-marqueta
Case Study:
Fort Greene, Brooklyn

Offers local vendors a venue from which to sell their
wares directly to the community & partnering with a local
greenmarket on a certain day of the week can ensure a
critical mass of shoppers.
Fort Greene Park, Saturdays | More info: www.artisan-market.org
for
Buying Local Incentives
BID Alternatives
idNYC
DC Main Streets Program
Case Study:
New York City
Case Study:
Washington, DC
IDNYC is a government-issued identification card that

will be available to all NYC residents age 14 and older
beginning in January 2015. The card will provide
numerous benefits for city-residents, including free
admission to most museums and other perks at
neighborhood businesses.
More info: www1.nyc.gov/site/idnyc/index.page
Revitalizes communities by providing many of the BID

services & is funded through city grants & staffed by
volunteers. The four approaches include the organization
of revitalization efforts, promotion of commercial
districts, designs affecting the physical scape of the street,
and economic approaches including recruitment.
More info: http://dslbd.dc.gov/service/dc-main-streets-program
for
Conclusions: What did we learn?

Green Infrastructure
Water Plaza & Rain Garden
Access & Green walls
Renewable Energy in Open
Spaces
Evacuation Procedures
Critical Infrastructure

Food access, Youth facilities
Elderly, Health Care Facilities
Place-making
Energy Alternatives
Community-Driven
Economy
for

Pratt Institute W.Harlem Sustainability Research

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SUSTAINABLE

Special Thanks to:

WE ACT for Environmental

Community of West Harlem

Sustainable Communities -Fall 2014

Sustainable Communities -Fall 2014

IDENTIFYING THE ISSUES

Public Health & Welfare

Sustainable Communities -Fall 2014

Climate Change Preparedness

SEA LEVEL RISE

HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

Sustainable Communities -Fall 2014

Climate Change Preparedness

HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

(PERMEABLE V/S NON-PERMEABLE)

Climate Change Preparedness

HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

(PERMEABLE V/S NON-PERMEABLE)

Sustainable Communities -Fall 2014

Climate Change Preparedness

Water supply services

Solid waste services

Storm Water management

Sustainable Communities -Fall 2014

Climate Change Preparedness

Reduce storm water runoff at the

Climate Change Preparedness

Reduce storm water runoff at the source

Sustainable Communities -Fall 2014

Climate Change Preparedness

Green Infrastructure Grant by

Climate Change Preparedness

Green Infrastructure Grant by

Climate Change Preparedness

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE WHERE!

125th Street - Low Elevation Corridor

Climate Change Preparedness

WATER PLAZA & RAIN GARDEN

Sustainable Communities -Fall 2014

Climate Change Preparedness

125TH STREET WATER PLAZA

PERMEABLE PAVEMENT & CATCHMENT

129TH STREET WATER PLAZA

PLANTERS & SEATING AREAS

Climate Change Preparedness

BRAODWAY MEDIAN RAIN GARDEN

ROCKS, SOIL &

CURBSIDE RAIN GARDEN

Climate Change Preparedness

ACCESS & GREEN WALLS

HIGHEST POPULATION AREAS

Air pollution sources:

Climate Change Preparedness

ACCESS & GREEN WALLS

500 FT. SPREAD OF PM10 POLLUTION

Sustainable Communities -Fall 2014

Climate Change Preparedness

ACCESS & GREEN WALLS

TARGET GREEN WALL AIR & PARKS ACCESS IMPROVEMENT STREETS

Climate Change Preparedness

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN OPEN SPACES

WIND SPEEDS IN NEW YORK

Climate Change Preparedness