Institut fr Sdasien-, Tibet- und Buddhismuskunde Universitt Wien

June,
H B H
Alexis Sanderson
Handout
Not to be quoted without the permission of the author
e Cakrasamvara/a
mvara
corpus:
.
.
. Mlatantra: Herukbhidhna, also called Cakrasamvara,
Laghuamvara/Laghu.
.
samvara,
and Laghvabhidhna
.
. Vykhytantras: Herukbhyudaya (only accessible in Tibetan; probably the earliest of these works; in some parts at least it is older than all the states of the
Herukbhidhna now visible), Vajradka
(drawing also on the Catusp
Abhi.
. tha),
.
dhnottara, Yoginsamcra,
Caturyoginsampu
.
. ta,
. Vrhyabhyudaya, Samvarodaya,
.
Dkr
nava,
and Sampu
.
.
. ta
. (shared with the Hevajra)
Commentaries on the Herukbhidhna:
. Four surviving in Sanskrit: by Jayabhadra, Bhavabhat.t.a, Kambalapda, and
vatavajra (the last not yet accessible)
. Seven accessible only in Tibetan: by Bhavyakrti, Devagupta, Durjayacandra,
Indrabhti, Tathgataraks. ita, and two Vravajras
Major forerunners of the Herukbhidhna, on which it draws: Sarvatathgatatattvasamgraha,
Guhyasamja, Sarvabuddhasamyogadkinjlaa
mvara.
.
.
.
Yogintantras (/Yoganiruttaratantras) outside the Cakrasamvara
corpus, which are later
.
than the Herukbhidhna, or probably so: Hevajra, Dkinvajrapajara,
Mahmudrti.
laka, Klacakra, Mahmy, Vajrmrta,
Buddhakapla,
Ca
n
damahro
sa
.
..
. na.
.
Early Yogintantra of uncertain relative date: Catusp
. tha.
.
Some passages of the Herukbhidhna and their sources:
Herukbhidhna
. athto rahasyam
. vaks. ye
samsn na tu vistart
rherukasamyoga
m
.
.

sarvakmrthasdhakam
. uttard api cottaram
.
dkinjlaa
mvaram
.
.
Sarvabuddhasamyoga
. rahasye parame ramye
sarvtmani sad sthitah.
sarvabuddhamayah. sattvo
vajrasattvah. param
. sukham
. asau svayambhr bhagavn
eka evdhidaivatah.
sarvabuddhasamyogadkinja
mvara
h.
.
.

rahasye parame ramye

sarvtmani sad sthitah.
. sarvadkinmaya
h. sattvo
.
vajrasattvah. param
. sukham
asau hi svayambhr bhagavn

vro dkinjlaa
mvaram
.
.

Pauskara
etc.
.
adr. s. t.avigrahc chntc
chivt paramakrant
.
ndarpam
vini
s
krnta
m
.
.
.
stram
paramadurlabham
.

. sambhavn
.
ndarpd vinis. krnt
. h.

Picumata / Brahmaymala
samaycragocarh.
durlabham
. tris. u lokes. u
dimadhyntasamsthitam
.
Cf. Herukbhyudaya .c:
jig rten gsum na rnyed pa yin
*durlabham
. tris. u lokes. u
g.yon nas skyes pas byed pa yin
*vmodbhava- . . .

. durlabham
. tris. u lokes. u

Cf. Herukbhidhna ., VD. ., AbhU ,

Jayadrathaymala, Sa
v.
. tka
. , dyaygavidhipatala,
.

vmodbhavam
. jagat sarvam
. trailokyam
. sacarcaram

bhagodbhavam
. jagat sarvam
. bhagamadhye layam
. gatam

dam tshig spyod pai mtshan nyid dang

*samaycralaks. anam
.

samaycraplanam
Tantrasadbhva
mathyamanthanayogena
r. jutvam
. jyate priye

. manthyamanthnasamyoga.

Cf. Kubjikmata .ab:

madhyamanthnayogena jngnir jyate kila

yath tath mantrajpadhyndiyuktam

.
ere is nothing corresponding to .ab

in the Herukbhyudayas version.

Picumata
.c ygam
. vidhis tath jnam
.
cakram
. yogam
. ca obhanam
. kathaymi mahdevi
yat tvay coditam
. *balam (?)

yoga caiva vidhijnam

.

tantre nigaditam
. r. nu
.
. madhyamottamavsena
gandhodakasahitena tu
kulikm
. pjayen nitya
klavies. ena
. tu

madhyamottamachgena
gandhodasahitena tu

Cf. Abhidhnottara .c:

madhyamottamavsena
gandhokasahitena tu
gulikm
. krayed dhmn;
and Herukbhyudaya .cd:
madhyamottamavsena
gandhokasahitena tu
vat.ikm
. prayen nityam
.
pjklavies. atah.

. vat.ikm
. prayen prjah.
pjkle vies. atah.
vidhnam
. tu sad yojyam
.
carvhrena
. suvrate
. samaye sadhne caiva
dravylabhanakarmani
.
tasyaiva dtayah. siddhh.
sahaj vravandite

. dtayah. sahajh. siddh

adhamottamamadhyamh.
antargatena manas
kmasiddhim
. tu bhavayet
. svaretobindubhir buddhn

Sarvatathgatatattvasamgraha
.
: antargatena manas
kmauddhim
. ca bhvayan
svaretobindubhir buddhn

bodhisattvm
. ca pjayet

Guhyasamja
. svavajram
m
. padmasamyukta
.
.
dvayendriyaprayogatah.
svaretobindubhir buddhn
vajrasattvm
. ca pjayet

daranasparanbhym
. ca
ravane
smara
nena
ca
.
.
. mucyate sarvappais tu

Sarvabuddhasamyoga
daranasparanbhym
. ca
ravanasmara
nena
ca
.
.
sarvappair vimucyante

*yujyante (em. : pjyante Ed.) sarvasiddhibhih.

evam eva na samaya

h.
.

Cf. Matasra, f. v:

yogitvam
. paramam
. punya
. m
.
pavitram
. ppananam
. sidhyate japan mantram
.
jpena dhynena ca
samayn playen nityam
.

etat te paramam
. mantram
.
pavitram
. ppananam

Cf. Svacchanda .a: samayn playen nityam ubhayrthaphalepsay

Picumata .ab: samaym playet sarvvn khnapnavisarjitm;

and Timirodghtana f. r: samaya playen nityam ekkrapadsthitam

sdhakah. susamhitah.
. bhedena samaynm
. tu
na dks. man. dale
siddhir
avpyate
.

Very common in the aiva scriptures, especially in the Picumata.

e term dksma
n. dalam
is standard in aiva texts.
.
.
It occurs nowhere else to my knowledge in Tantric Buddhist literature, except
in Guhyasiddhi ., where the context is aiva rather than Buddhist Man. dala
. initiation.

Sarvabuddhasamyoga ., var.
. *mahraktam
. sakarpram
.
dmar chen dang ni ga bur bcas
*raktacandanayojitam
.
tsa ndan dmar por byar ba dag
*ganamadhye
pratis. t.ham
.
. tu
tshogs kyi dbus su bzhag pa ni
.d *sarvocchis. t.arasyanam
ra sa ya na kun slong ba
.d *savajravmacihnadhr. k (?)
g.yon pa mtshan dzin rdo rje bcas

madhu raktam
. sakarpram
.
raktacandanayojitam
.
. ganamadhye
pratis. t.han tu
.
Only in the version in the Abhidhnottara: sarvocchis. t.arasyanam

sarvavajrnkacihnadhr. k

.a rang gi lha yi sbyor ldan pas /

.a rang gi lha yi rnal byor ldan

anmngus. t.havaktrbhym
.

.b *anmngus. t.havaktrbhym
.
srin lag dang ni mthe boi rtses

lehayed yogavit sad

. somapnavad svdya

.c *somapnavad svdya
zhi bai btung pa bzhin myangs na
*siddhim pnoti vatm
rtag pai dngos grub thob par gyur

siddhim pnoti vatm

pacmr. tam bhaved etat
sarvvasiddhipravartakam
. catuhpj
m
.
. tath yoginyo
vrdvayasampattisampannam
. ca tattvadhr. k

divyamnus. yatm
. saukhyam
pin. dk
r
tya
vajraka
nikay
. .
.
kalm
nrghanti
s
o
.
. dam
.

Herukbhidhna ..
. girigahvarakujes. u
mahodadhitat.es. u v
disiddhamane ca
tatra man. dalam
likhet
.
...

aiva Yoginsamcra
.
.
girigahvaraguhyes. u
mahodadhitat.es. u ca
disiddhe mane v
likhen man. dala
. m
. ubham
...

For this parallel (Herukbhidhna .. < Jayadrathaymala, Sa

. tka
. , Yoginsamcra
.
.), which covers the Herukbhidhnas treatment of the initiation ceremony, see
S , pp. .

e only substantially Buddhist passage in the main body of the Herukbhidhna:

. atha kyatrayam
. vaks. ye rherukdvayayogatah. |
yena vijtamtrena
h. ||
. sidhyante ntra samaya
.
. dharmakyaarrn
m
yad
bhavati
sdhaka
h. |
. .
tad jnam
pravadmy
aham
||
.
. sambhogakyaarr
n
.
. m
. yad bhavati sdhakah. |
tad sambhoga
m
.
. pravadmy aham ||
. nirmnakyaarr
n
.
. m
. yad bhavati sdhakah. |
tad nirmnakya
m
pravadmy
aham ||
.
.
. jnasambhoganirm
na
sampnoti
na samaya
h. |
.
.
.
rherukamhtmnam
h. ||
. sidhyate ntra samaya
.

e last section of the Herukbhidhna as known to the earliest commentators, probably early in the th century:
Herukbhidhna
. atha homavidhim
. vaks. ye
avayam. vayakarmana
. h.
yena samyag vidhnena
u siddhih. pravartate
. gommsa
. m
. suraylodya
.
vmahastena homayet

Picumata

. gommsa<
. m>
. suraylodya
.
vmahastena homayet

goraktam
m
. ghr. tasamyukta
.
.
avadhtena mantravit
. vmahastena hotavyam
.
yad icchet siddhim tmanah.
akro pi vaam yti
kim
. punah. ks. udramnus. h.

buddho pi vaam yti

kim
. punah. ks. udramnus. h.
. nis. t.hvanam
. dantaks. t.ham
.
svadehodvartanam
. tath
nmn madyktahomena
trailokyam
. vaam nayet

.c nis. t.hvanam
. dantaks. t.ham
.
.d svadehodvartanam
. tath
. nmn madyktahomena
trailokyam
. vaam nayet
dantadhvanam dya
gokt.arudhiram
. tath
. tenktam
. homayec cailam
.
trailokyam
kar
s. ayet ks. ant
.
.
rajasvaly raktena
bhuktodgrna
. m
. ca bhojanam
. samyukta
m
.
. mnus. aih. keaih.
sadyas tv kars. ana
. m
. param

. rajasvaly raktena
bhuktodgrna
. m
. ca bhojanam
samyukta
m
mnu
s. aih. keaih.
.
.
sadya-m kars. ana
m
. . param

Cf. Nivsaguhya f. r: sadya-m-utkrntikrik;

f. r: sadya-m utkramayet tanum

. svakyd ghr. tam udgrna

. m
.
svakeair homayed budhah.
nimbaks. t.hgnisamdpte
.
sadya vidves. ana
. m
. param
. kkapaks. akr. te home
dhuttrgni samhitah.
kat.utailena samyukta
m
.
.
sadyocct.anamranam
.

svakyd ghr. tam udgrya

svakeair homayen narah.
. nimbaks. t.hendhanair dpte
vahnau vidves. ana
. m
. param
kkapaks. akr. te home
mtratailktasamyuta
m
.
.
. dhatrakendhanair dpte
sadyocct.anam uttamam

.c gomyummsamadyena
.
homayed balikriy
. japamantrakr. te rtrau
kros. t.ukam
. nyate . . .

. gomyummsamadyena
.
bhaks. ahomabalikriy
japen mantrakr. te rve
kros. t.uko nipate gratah.

.cd svecchyus. o mahyog

krdate
. nekarpadhr. k

.c svecchyus. o mahyog
.d krdate
. nekarpadhr. k
Cf. .ab: svecchyus. o mahyog divyarpadharo bhavet

.cd adhikyu kus. mn. da

. m
.
mudga ms. a sagomadhu
. chardirjikgr. hatamlapatrair mukhabandhanam
.

. vikmuktakus. mn. da
. m
.
mudga ms. o sit madhuh.
chardirjkr. to lepas
trailokyam
. mukhabandhanam

svecchakr bhaved yog

yatra tatra vyavasthitah.
Here the text as known to the earliest commentators (Jayabhadra and *Bhavyakrti)
ends.

e passage from . to .b is found in Abhidhnottara . Perhaps the text

was first extended only up to this point. Part of this passage, beginning from .,
has also been incorporated (with some revision, mainly the omission of the cruxes) in
the Buddhist Yoginsamcra
.c. ere too the incorporated passage ends at this
.
same point (.b).
. athparam
. pravaks. ymi bhmi pt.hdi yogin |
rherukasyngngam
. sarvngam
. sthiracaltmakam ||
. pt.ham
muditbhmau
pap
t.ham
.
. vimalam
. tath |
ks. etram
. prabhkar jey arcis. matyopaks. etrakam ||
. chandoham abhimukh caiva upacchandoham
. surdurjay |
durangameti melym
acalasyopamelaka
m
||
.
.
. manam
. sdhumat caiva dharmameghopamanakam
. |
rherukamati cyam es. a adhytmabhmayah. ||
. daapramitbhmau mlecch bhs. antu yogin |
svarge martyes. u ptle vrngam
. sthiracaltmakam
. ||
. pullrdi yathoddis. t.am
bhydhytme
sa
msthita
m
.
.
. |
rherukamahyogam
. sarvakmevaram
. prabhum ||
. sarvata<h>
m
. pnipdnta
.
. sarvatoks. iiromukham
. |
sarvata<h>
ryate
loke
sarvam
v
r
tya
ti
s
t
hati
||
.
.
..
. tatas tu sdhayet siddhh. dhynayuktena cetas |
sdhaknm
. hitrthya guhyatattvam udhr. tam ||
.b and ab > Sampu
..b. .ab > Sampu
..cd:
. todbhava
.
. todbhava
.
yathoddis.taprakra
m
tu
bhydhytma
m
vicintayet.
..
Cf.
vetvataropani
sad
.,
Bha.
.
.
.
gavadgt ., Krmapurna
..,
Vyupur
na
.:
sarvata
h
p
nipda
m
tat
sarvatok
sii.
.
. .
.
.
romukham | sarvatah. rutimal loke sarvam vrtya
Subhsitasa
mgraha,
p. , ll. :
. tis.thati;
.
.
.
ramvare
py ha: sarvatahp
m. sarvatoksiiromukham
| sarvatah. rutimn loke sarvam
.
. nipddya
.
.
vrtya
ti
s
thati.
.
..

.
. . .
.

e st chapter:

In the rnam thar of Tilop ascribed to Mar pa Chos kyi blo gros Jnadkin
and
.
her retinue are said to have taught Tilop the fifty-first Pat.ala together with the oral

transmission (ed. C , p. : gsungs nas rtsa rgyud leu nga gcig pa bshad
rgyud dang bcas pa dang snyan rgyud gnang ngo). e rnam thar of Nrop attributed
to the twelfth-century author lHaii btsun pa rin chen rnam rgyal says that Nrop
studied and mastered the Mlatantra of amvara
(bDe mchog) in fifty chapters. See
.
the translation of G (, p. ), which misunderstands this as referring to
the Abhidhnottaratantra.
. athtah. sampravak
s. ymi mnyam
.
. sudurlabham |
gopanyam
s. itam ||
. may tantre vrasamketabh
.
. nivasanam
pacamudrdi
gtrasya
prajngam
.
. kla pajaram |
liklti-m uccrya hetvdinyaprvakam
||
.
. pravr. ttindamdni yvat samhrayogata
h. |
.
amr. tpyyanivr. ttim
. tu hastapjbhisecanam
. ||
. mahkavacena samrak
|
. s. ya sarvamantrenrcanam
.
etac caturdaa tattvam
sa
mk
s
epe
na
tu
bh
s
itam
||
.
. . .
.
. yah. samcarati narah. res. t.hah. sarvappaviuddhtm
tthgatm
. ca labhate bhmi janmani janmani ||
. tathgatakulotpadya rj bhavati dhrmikah. |
yath prvdippasya hno sarvalaks. anai
. h. ||
. ya imm
dhyyate
nitya
m
sarvakmevara
ks. itau |
.
.
ghr. taprna
. m
. yath bhn. da
. m
. sthpitam agnimadhyake ||
. dravantam
. dravate sarpih. klam
. nayati bhn. dayo
. h. |
tath ppam
ca
nayati
rheruketi
nmata
h
||
.
.
. dhyne cintitamtram v pt.ham
. svdhyyalekhant |
svargabhogam avpnoti athav cakravartinam
. ||
. cyutikle tu yognm
. rherukdivr yogin |
nnpus. pakaravyagr nndhvajapatkinam ||
. nntryanirghos. air nngtopahratah. |
mr. tyur nma vikalpasya nyate khecarpade ||

Cf. Sarvatathgatatattvasamgraha
: sarvappaviuddhtm sarvauddhy karoti sah. |
.
sarvakryni
karmo
yam
iti
bhvena
sidhyati;
Nivsamukha .cd: sarvappaviuddhtm dehatyge
.
divam
yayau;
Nivsaguhya
.cb:
pacavi
ma
sahasrni
.
.
. japtv vyomaivasya tu | sarvappaviuddhtm kr. tasevo bhavis. yati; Kriykalagunottara
f.
r:
sarvappaviuddhtm ivalokam
. sa
.
gacchati; Ntyastra
.:
mahevarasya
carita
m
ya
ida
m
sa
mprayojayet
|
sarvappaviuddhtm
.
.
.
.
ivalokam
See, e.g., Mah. sa gacchati. e expression is also common in the Epic and Purnas.
.
bhrata ..cd: sarvappaviuddhtm gacchec ca paramm
gatim;
and
..cd:
sarvappa.
viuddhtm brahmalokam
ca
gacchati;
Krmapur
na
..cd:
sarvappaviuddhtm
rudraloka
m
.
.
.
sa gacchati.

Cf. ivadharma .c: krdate

paramam
.
. klam
. rudraloke vyavasthitah. | tatah. klt ks. itim
.
prpya rj bhavati dhrmikah. | surpah. sudvijo vpi sarvavidyrthapragah;
. Nivsamukha .: tena
punyaphalenaiva
svargaloke mahyate | svargalokt paribhras. t.o rj bhavati dhrmikah.
.
.

Picumata .c: r. nu
. devi pravaks. ymi sarvayogiprasdhanam | ygamantrasamopetam
.
yoginjlaamvaram
| yena vijtamtrena
.
. trailokye khecarpadam; Jayadrathaymala, Sa
. tka
. , .ab:

. evam
. deva mahvra yoginyo bhuvi durlabham |

Verses from the remainder of the text, from .c to the end, are found elsewhere
in the corpus only in the Yoginsamcra
(YS) and the Samvarodaya
(SU): .ab =
.
.
YS .ab, .c--b = YS .c-b, .-- >SU .c--b, .d >SU
.d.
rherukamahtantram
. yo jtvpi abhaktitah. |
dridryam
du
hkhasantpa
m
.
.
. tasya nityam
. sad bhavet ||

. kan. t.hikcdakeyra
m
.
. kun. dala
. m
. brahmastrakam |
kan. t.hlamk
. r. tairoml mekhalghurghurravaih. ||
. girimastakakijalke vivapadmliklyam
. ca |
gaurypatim
samkramya
vajragha
n
t

n
gali
n
gitam
||
.
..
. caturvimena
srdha
sa
myukta
m
vrayoginiv
r. ndakaih. |
.
.
.
rherukamahrjam
bhvayeta
parama
m
pada
m
||
.
.
.
. sarvavrasya yoginyah. sa pars. anmadhye yogavn |
sarve tus. t. vai bht sr. s. t.isamhrakrak
h. ||
.
. nndhimuktikh. sattv cary nnvidhodith. |
nnnayavineynm
. nnopyni darith. ||
. gambhradharmanirdee ndhimuktir bhaved yadi |
pratiks. epo na kartavyam
. smartavycintyadharmmat ||
. ntra me vis. ayo hy es. a nham
. jnmi dharmatm
. |
jnanti te mahtmnah. sambuddh<s>
tatsut api ||
.
. utpdam api buddhnm
. anutpde pi v sthitah. |
dharmat sarvadcinty hnivr. ddhivivarjit ||
. ity evam
. tulayitv tu na nindy<t> sarvalaukikam |
acintyo gatis tes. m acintyo buddhant.akam
. ||
. stram
kriybhicary
n
m
yogaguhyan
tu bhedatah. |
.
. .
sattvvatranala
m
tu
tatra
tatra
rat
iva
||
.
.
.
. . . .
.
.

.
.
.
.
is is where the text ends in the only currently accessible manuscript (Baroda, Maharaja Sayajirao University, Oriental Institute, MS Acc. ; Herukavidhnatantra;
palm-leaf; Kut.ila script; incomplete; undated), according to all commentators other
s. anmsd
utpataty eva sdhakah. khecarpadam; .cd: tatrrdha
.
. h. plaved devi prahart khecarpadam; Vmanadatta, Dvayasampattivrtika
cd:
mrge
nnena
sa
msiddh
labhante yoginpadam.
.
.
.

than Jayabhadra and Bhavyakrti, and in the Tibetan translation (bDe mchog nyung
ngu: Derge Kanjur, Rgyud bum, vol. ka, . rv; by Padmkara and Rin chen
bzang po [], revised by Prajkrti [b. ] and Mar pa Chos kyi grags pa).

B
S, Alexis. b. Vajrayna: Origin and Function. In Buddhism Into the Year
. International Conference Proceedings (Bangkok and Los Angeles: Dhammakaya
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Colloquium, Pondicherry, January , edited by Franois Grimal, pp. .
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-. . e aiva Age: e Rise and Dominance of aivism during the Early
Medieval Period. In Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo E
(Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo), pp. . e dependence of the Buddhist Mantranaya on aivism is treated on pp. of this
publication, and evidence of the textual dependence of the texts of the Cakrasamvara
.
cycle on texts of the iva Vidypt.ha is presented on pp. .
S
, Peter-Daniel. . Review of G . Tantric Studies , pp. .