TIEMPOS VERBALES: PRESENTE Y PASADO PERFECTO

PRESENT PERFECT
USO
El presente perfecto no resulta fcil de entender para los aprendices de una segunda lengua.
Es una combinacin del pasado y presente. Una accin del pasado tiene algo que ver con el
presente.
1) Resultado de una accin en el pasado que es importante en le presente (No es importante
cuando esta accin sucedi.)
I have cleaned my room. (It is clean now.)
Has Peggy ever been to Tokyo? (Has Peggy been there or not?)
2) Acciones completadas recientemente
He has just played handball. (It is over now.)
3) Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y todava continan - mayormente con since
(punto en el tiempo) o for (periodo de tiempo)
We have lived in Canada since 1986. (We still live there.)
We have lived in Canada for 20 years.
4) Acompaado con lately, recently, yet
I have been to London recently. (no specific point of time)
He has not written the e-mail yet. (He has not done it.)
PALABRAS CLAVES
Estas palabras te dicen cual tiempo tienes que usar. Para el Presente Perfecto lasa
siguientes palabras son usadas frecuentemente:
just
yet
never
already
ever
so far
up to now
recently
since
for

FORMAS DEL PRESENTE PERFECTO

El presente perfecto se forma con have y el past participle
have/has + past participle
ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS
I HAVE PLAYED FOOTBALL.
SHE HAS PLAYED FOOTBALL.

WE HAVE GONE TO THE SUPERMARKET.

HE HAS GONE TO THE SUPERMARKET.

ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
I HAVE NOT PLAYED FOOTBALL.
SHE HAS NOT PLAYED FOOTBALL.

WE HAVE NOT GONE TO THE SUPERMARKET.

HE HAS NOT GONE TO THE SUPERMARKET.

PREGUNTAS
HAVE YOU PLAYED FOOTBALL?
HAS SHE PLAYED FOOTBALL?

HAVE THEY GONE TO THE SUPERMARKET?

HAS HE GONE TO THE SUPERMARKET?

FORMAS LARGAS DEL PRESENTE PERFECTO Y SUS CONTRACCIONES

affirmative
long form

short form

I have gone

I've gone

he has gone

he's gone

negative (have not)

long form

short form

I have not gone

I haven't gone or I've not gone

he has not gone

he hasn't gone or he's not gon

e

PAST PERFECT
USO
1) Junto con el Pasado Simple
Cuando dos acciones pasadas se combinan la primera accin; la cual fue completada antes
que la segunda comenzara, va en Pasado Perfecto.
The lesson had started when we arrived.

After Amy had gone home it started to rain.

2) El Pasado equivalente del Presente Perfecto

He had played hockey.
FORMAS DEL PASADO PERFECTO
El pasado perfecto se forma con had y el past participle
had + past participle
ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS
THEY HAD GONE HOME
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
THEY HAD NOT GONE HOME
PREGUNTAS
HAD THEY GONE HOME?

SHE HAD PLAYED HOCKEY

SHE HAD NOT PLAYED HOCKEY

HAD SHE PLAYED HOCKEY?

FORMAS LARGAS DEL PASADO PERFECTO Y SUS CONTRACCIONES

AFFIRMATIVE
long form

short form

I had gone

I'd gone

NEGATIVE (had not)

long form

short form

I had not gone

I hadn't gone or I'd not gone