Eco-Innovation Parks:

industrial parks as nexus for resource efficiency,

industrial symbiosis and eco-innovation

Rene VAN BERKEL

Chief, Cleaner and Sustainable Production Unit
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Vienna, Austria

Eco-Innovation Parks

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1. Green Industry
Eco-Innovation for resource
efficiency in practice in developing
and emerging economies

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Green Growth and Economy

Green Economy
An approach for achieving sustainable development
by (1) reducing emissions and pollution and
increasing resource efficiency and (2) improving
access to energy, food, water, sanitation and other
services (UN-EMG)

Green Growth
Fostering economic growth and development while ensuring
that natural assets continue to provide the resources and
environmental services on which our well-being relies
(OECD)

Green Growth and Economy require investment and

innovation, which are driven by business
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Green Industry for Green Growth

Green Economy

Green Industry is the sectorstrategy for realization of

Green Growth & Green Economy
in manufacturing and related
sectors

Eco-Innovation

Green Growth
Any form of innovation resulting in or
aiming at significant and demonstrable
progress towards the goad of sustainable
development, through reducing impacts
on the environment, enhancing resilience
to environmental pressures, or achieving
more efficient and responsible use of
natural resources

Sustainable Consumption
and Production
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Green Industry
Greening of Industry
Continuous improvement
of resource productivity
and environmental
performance of industries
in all sectors

Cleaner Production
Energy Efficiency
Chemicals Management
Etc.

(Creating) Green
Industries
Industrial supply of
environmental goods and
services
Waste management
Resource recovery
Renewable energy
Etc.

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GI Flagship
Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production
Continuous application of preventive environmental strategies to
processes, products and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks to
humans and the environment
RECP addresses three sustainability dimensions individually and synergistically:
Production efficiency
Through improved productive use of natural resources by enterprises
Environmental management
Through minimization of the impact on nature by enterprises
Human development
Through reduction of risks to people and communities from enterprises and
supporting their development

RECP= RECiPe
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National Cleaner Production Centres

Established to foster adaptation

and adoption of Cleaner
Production
1. Information and awareness creation
2. Professional training
3. Plant level assessments and
demonstrations
4. Policy advice
5. Technology transfer and investment

Programme launched in 1994 and

since expanded to 50 countries

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Global RECP Programme

1. RECP Service Delivery Network
1.1 Global
RECP
Network

1.2 New
NCPCs

3. RECP Incentives

2. Thematic RECP Applications

3.1 Policy for

RECP

3.2 Finance for

RECP

1.3 Existing
NCPCs

4.1 Environmentally
Sound Technologies

2.1 RECP for

Resource
Efficiency
2.2. RECP for
Waste &
Emission
Prevention

4. RECP Innovation

2.3 RECP for

Safe &
Responsible
Production

4.2 Sustainable
Product
Developments

Eco Innovation Parks

DG Environment
Eco-Innovation Action Plan

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2. Eco-Innovation Parks
From observation to replication and
mainstreaming

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concepts

Practicepractice
and Outcome
Eco-Industrial
Development

Industrial Symbiosis

Exchanging by-products and

other resources between firms

Industrial Eco-System

Applying best environmental management

practices for industrial parks, including,
but not limited to material exchanges
between firms

Eco-Industrial Park
outcome

van Berkel, R. 2006. Regional Resource Synergies for Sustainable Development in

Heavy Industrial Areas, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia

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Urban Integration
Industrial
Symbiosis

Use of byproducts from industries by industries

Exploitation of synergistic opportunities arising from the geographic proximity

of industrial wastes (incl. materials, water and energy) and potential industrial users
through the transfer of physical resources (wastes) for environmental and economic benefit

Eco-Towns

Urban
Symbiosis

Use of byproducts from cities in industrial operations

Exploitation of synergistic opportunities arising from the geographic proximity
of urban waste sources and potential industrial users through the transfer of
physical resources (wastes) for environmental and economic benefit
van Berkel, et all (i2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan:
analysis of the Eco-Town Programme 1997-2006, J Env Man, p 1544-15556

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Symbiosis Success Factors

Process, equipment and/or
infrastructure that collects and
treats the resource stream to a
level that it meets specific
technical and market
requirements
Compelling evidence
that (financial and
other) business benefits
outweigh the project
costs and risks

Technology

successful
synergy
projects

Business
Case

van Berkel, R. 2006. Regional Resource Synergies for Sustainable Development in

Heavy Industrial Areas, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia

Licence
to Operate

Eco-Innovation Parks

Government
endorsement and/or
approval for project and
applications of the
recovered resource, and
stakeholder consent that
project contributes to
sustainable development
without compromising
ecological integrity and
community well-being

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Replication Initiatives
Goal directed planning of eco-industrial parks
USA:

1997 - 2007

Presidential Council on Sustainable Development (PCSD) set

out to support 15 EIPs

UK:

2002- ongoing
National Industrial Symbiosis Programme initially supported
networking pilots in three regions and was in 2005 extended
to national programme

Rep of Korea:

2005 ongoing

Successful pilots in brownfield industrial park set foundation

for National Industrial Symbiosis Programme
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USA
Planned Eco-Industrial Park Model
Directed effort to identify companies from
different industries with intend to locate them
together so that they can share resources across
and among themselves
15 EIPs initiated in 1996, after 10 years only two were
realized, each with limited resource exchanges
Overemphasis on matching of flows narrows possible
company recruitments creates rigidity whilst market
demands flexibility
Chertow, M. (2007), Uncovering Industrial Symbiosis,
JIE, Vol 11, No 1, pg. 11-30

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United Kingdom
Eco-Industrial Networking
Bringing on a regional basis companies together
from different industry sectors to identify waste
reduction (3R) solutions
West Midlands Region (2002-2009)
330 companies participating, approximately half of them
involved in 189 resource exchanges, > 1.1 million ton
waste diverted from landfill

Focused on companies and active support for

identification and realization of 3R opportunities
Paquin, R. And Howard-Grenville (2012), The Evolution of
Facilitated Industrial Symbiosis, JIE, 16 (1), pg 83-93

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Republic of Korea
Retrofit Industrial Park Model
Improve environmental performance and increase
business competitiveness by resource circulation
in aging industrial complex
Ulsan Pilot Project (2005-2010)
50M USD invested in first 9 resource exchanges,
generating annual savings exceeding 34M USD, reduced
GHG emissions by 140,000 ton CO2eq
Being replicated at national level since 2009

Parks, S (2010), Practical Experiences from Eco-Industrial

Park Project in Ulsan, UNIDO, Shanghai, 24 May 2010

Lessons Learned
EIPs simultaneously require innovations in:
Business relations (between companies)
Resource flows (between facilities)

Driven by business case with spill-over benefits:

Adoption of new (environmental) technologies
New products, services and businesses
Provision of environmental services, including to cities

Identification and realization of such innovations involves

Networking , serendipitous and goal-directed
Assessment of processes and resources

This benefits from facilitation

And results in embedded-ness, culturally and institutionally
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Comprehensive Picture
Resource Efficiency
and Cleaner
Production

Industrial (and
Urban) Symbiosis

Environment and
Energy
Infrastructure

Eco-Innovation Parks

Networking

Facilitation
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3. UNIDO Strategy
Fostering Resource Efficient and
Cleaner Production (RECP) at
enterprise AND park level in
developing and emerging countries

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Platform Process Project Model

Project

Process

Environmental Infrastructure

Input/ Output Analysis

3R, collective utilities, etc. (EST transfer)

Enterprise-level RECP
Cluster-level - IS

Platform
Cluster Organization
Enterprise collaboration
Business support services
(RECP node)
Based on van Berkel, R. 2006. Regional Resource Synergies for Sustainable Development
Eco-Innovation Parks
in Heavy Industrial Areas, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia

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Implementation Strategy
Start-up

RECP in multiple enterprises

Strengthen BMO

I/O analysis and

synergies

Scale-up

Replicate RECP
(in all enterprises)

Consolidate

Expand and/or create environmental and resource

conservation infrastructure

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Preliminary Evidence

Ankleshwar Industrial Estate

SME cluster specialized in chemical synthesis
dyestuffs, pharma and intermediates

Phase 1
RECP at individual enterprises with introduction of
environmentally sound technologies
Continuous process for pigment synthesis

Phase 2
Common wastes and emissions
Spent acid recovery
Plasma Thermal Destruction and Recovery
Catalytic air oxidation
Avoid in excess of 110,000 ton CO2-eq
UNIDO, Industrial Energy Efficiency (2011), Industrial
Development Report, Vienna, Austria

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Current Status (2012-2013)

National
Preliminary assessments
Cambodia, China, India,
Indonesia and Vietnam

Pilot EIPs

Vietnam
India
China
Indonesia

Global
Comparative assessment
of EIP experiences

(industrial) policy
Business support
Business models
Technology needs
Certification

Expert Group Meeting

Good Practice
Publication
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Thank You
Rene VAN BERKEL

Chief, Cleaner and Sustainable Production Unit

r.vanberkel(at)unido.org
www.unido.org/cp
www.recpnet.org

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