Support of Voice in LTE

Global Service Delivery Unit

2013.12

Contents

LTE Environment

Methods to provide Voice in LTE

Services & Technology in VoLTE

KTs IMS Implementation Strategy

LTE Environment

Methods to provide Voice in LTE

Services & Technology in VoLTE

KTs IMS Implementation Strategy

1. LTE Environment
KTs Data Explosion

1. LTE Environment
3 Factors of Mobile Data Explosion
Network Infrastructure

- High Speed Wireless Networks

Terminal

- Diverse Smart Devices ( Smart Phones , Tablets , etc. )

Contents

- Emerging Data Services ( Smart TV , VoD , SNS , UCC , Cloud Services )

1. LTE Environment
Koreas Mobile Traffic Status
WiFi and WiMax used as data offloading of 3G , and after LTE Deployment mobile data traffic has
surpass 3G data traffic.

40% of LTE
users has
exceeded 3G
data traffic

Source by Korea Information Society

1. LTE Environment
Why Voice in LTE ?
- Explosive demand for data
- Greater demand for quality
- Price Pressure
- Competition from OTT Players

Source by infornetics Research 2012

Main Factors behind the decision to implement Voice in LTE

- Existing Mobile Technology
- LTE Spectrum and Coverage Available
- Local Market and competitive Conditions

LTE Environment

Methods to provide Voice in LTE

Services & Technology in VoLTE

KTs IMS Implementation Strategy

2. Method to provide Voice in LTE

CSFB : Fallback to CS domain when voice service is requested

SGs

MSC/VLR

- Origination Voice Call

- Terminating (Page Resp)
Voice Call

MME

Pros
- Service Consistency
- Using existing CS Infrastructure

- Location Update via SGs

- Page via SGs
- MO/MT SMS via SGs

Cons

2G/3G
LTE
Switch LTE to 3G

- Call setup delay

- Heavy signalling
- MSC Upgrade( for SGs interface)
- No LTE during voice

2. Method to provide Voice in LTE

The Consideration point for CSFB in KT
What KT has faced with the CSFB

- 4 times heavy signalling due to CSFB

- Longer Call Setup times
- Call completion ratio dropped slightly at the boarder of the cell

KTs Considerations for the CSFB

- Signalling Increment :
Considered implementing of ISR technology by upgrading SGSN to S4-SGSN

- Call Setup delay :

Try to reduce the call set-up time by using pre-paging technology.
- Call Completion ratio

Improvement of call completion ratio by MT roaming forward.

2. Method to provide Voice in LTE

SV-LTE : Allows UE to access both to LTE and WCDMA/GSM/CDMA
simultaneously
EPC

2G/3G Core
Data

Voice Call

2G/3G

LTE

Simultaneous access

Pros
- No new modification is required
- Using existing CS Infrastructure
- Simultaneous service available
between voice and data
Cons
- Cost of Handset increase due to
dual modem chip
- High battery utilization

2. Method to provide Voice in LTE

Korea Voice in LTE Deployment before VoLTE.
Parameter

CSFB

SVLTE

Standard

3GPP

3GPP2

Operator

KT, SKT

LGU+

Voice

WCDMA

1xCDMA

Data

LTE

LTE

Voice calls while Data

Traffic

LTE Drops while voice call

( Data Traffic is connected to
WCDMA)

LTE Data and Voice Call

Simultaneously

Battery Usage of UE

Lower than SVLTE

More than CSFB

2. Method to provide Voice in LTE

SR-VCC : Allows UE with active call to switch to CS network when LTE
Coverage is lost
HandOver LTE to 3G

eMSC

Sv

MME

IMS
(SCC-AS)

2G/3G

LTE

Session HandOver

Pros
- Service Consistency
- Lower Call Setup times than CSFB

Cons
- Requirement of an IMS core
network ( SCC-AS ) .
- Session transfer and remote UE
update need time
- MSC Upgrade ( for Sv interface )

2. Method to provide Voice in LTE

CSFB Vs SRVCC
Parameter
Terminal customization
IMS anchoring

Switching network/
mobility to CS network

Voice call setup time

SRVCC

CSFB

Less complex

Complex

Mandatory

Optional

Only when the terminal

roams out of LTE coverage area

For every mobile originating

and mobile terminating
voice call

Less. as time is required

only when the terminal
moves out of LTE
coverage area

More. as the terminal needs

to establish the voice call
session with CS network
for every access to call

2. Method to provide Voice in LTE

VoLTE : IMS based voice over LTE services
IMS Core
CSCF

Pros
HSS

AS/
MS

EPC
MME

SGW

LTE
eNB

PGW

- Provide Rich Communication Suite

- Fast call setup time
- Fixed and Mobile Convergence
Cons
- Need Eco system to support inter
operation with legacy services and
roaming.

2. Method to provide Voice in LTE

Network Architecture

Migrated from
PSTN

2. Method to provide Voice in LTE

KT Migration Scenario for Voice in LTE
Voice
Implementation

Voice Over LTE

KT Case

- Fully IMS based VoLTE

- Roaming and Compatibility with
Legacy services issue
SRVCC

- Migrate subscriber to IMS equipment

- SRVCC required when users is outside
the LTE coverage
Circuit Switch Fall Back
- Intermediate solution
- CS service used for telephony and
SMS
LTE Coverage

LTE Environment

Methods to provide Voice in LTE

Services & Technology in VoLTE

KTs IMS Implementation Strategy

3. Services & Technology in VoLTE

HD Voice & Video Calls

X2.2

X20

X12

- 2.2 times wider bandwidth for voice signal

- Bandwidth for 3G : 300 ~ 3,400Hz
Bandwidth for VoLTE : 50 ~ 7,000Hz

- Up to 20 times faster call setup time

- Call Setup time in 3G : 5 sec
Call Setup time in VoLTE : 0.25 ~ 2.5 sec

- 12 times improved resolution for video call

- Resolution in 3G Video call : QCIF 176 x 144
Resolution in VoLTE Video call : VGA 640 x 480

3. Services in VoLTE
QoS ( Quality of Service ) Support
Provide Quality of Service by separating default bearer channel and dedicated
bearer channel in priority Service differentiation with OTT Players
UE

eNB

S- GW

PDN

P-GW

PDN Connectio (EPS Session)

UE IP address

APN

Dedicated EPS Bearer: QCI1: VoLTE Call

SDF2 QoS Policy

SDF3 QoS Policy
SDF4 QoS Policy

IP flow 2

Filtering

Application

Default EPS Bearer: QCI5: IMS signal

QCI9: OTT mVOIP

IP flow 1

SDF1 QoS Policy

IP flow 3
IP flow 4
IP flow 5

3. Services in VoLTE
VoLTE vs OTT Service and Network Comparison

Packet Core Network

Parameter

VoLTE

OTT mVoIP(Skype, Viber, KaKaoTalk...)

Provider

Network Operator

Application Provider

Core Network

IMS

Non IMS

Interoperability

Available to interoperate with legacy

network

Interoperability not supported for all legacy

network

QoS

QoS supported

QoS not supported

Quality

HD Voice

Depends on network environment

Battery
Consumption

Many technology exist

Do not care

Handover

Solution for HO and Roaming

Do not care

3. Technology in VoLTE
Seamless Voice Call
Improve the reliability of VoLTE packet transmission through
TTI(Transmission Time Interval) Bundling in poor radio conditions.
TTI Bundling OFF

Retransmission
Nack
RV0

RV1

Ack
RV0

RV1

RV2

Same set of bits in

consecutive TTI

TTI Bundling On

Nack

Retransmission

RV2

Ack

3. Technology in VoLTE
Efficient management of Radio Resources
Reducing the overhead at air interface by Robust header compression :
RTP/UDP/IP header of 40 bytes(IPv4)/60 bytes(IPv6) are compressed
1 to 3 bytes

EPC
S1 interface

Payload

Header

eNB
Air interface

UE

Payload
Header

3. Technology in VoLTE
Through the technology with CoMP(Coordinated MultiPoint), we could reduce
Inter-Cell Interference
A

VoLTE Data
VoLTE resource

Adjacent cell interference cancellation

A
B

Case 1
Case 2

Data resource

considering interference by VoLTE

Resource un-allocation

LTE Environment

Methods to provide Voice in LTE

Technology in VoLTE

KTs IMS Implementation Strategy

KTs IMS Implementation Strategy

Ready for Action

2004

Co-developed CSCF with Samsung Electronics

2007

Developed 18 item services on CSCF and Pilot Test

( Video , Conference , MMRB , MMS )

2008

Developed IMS Equipment for Residential Services

( Voice/Video/Life Convenience Services , FMC )

2012 1H

Tested and deployed Unified IMS Equipment for

Fixed(Residential/Enterprise/Centrex) Services

2012 2H

Tested and deployed Unified IMS Equipment for

Mobile(VoLTE/PSVT/RCS)

KTs IMS Implementation Strategy

Big Challenges for KT IMS
- Excessive investment from Service Signaling Load, Dual Homing adoption
and Private IP Address Usages

- Tuning Interoperability : NGN vs. Fixed, 3G mobile vs. VoLTE

- New equipment for New Services : MRF for HD media transformation,

Presence server for RCS

- Access network QoS : WiFi/WiMAX AP technology vs. Mobile antenna

technology

KTs Strategy for the Voice in LTE

IMS Infrastructure Transformation

IMS Platform Improvement

Cloud based IMS Configuration

CUDB

Call Control

UE Attach Eq

For short Term :

- Dual homing for the stability of the service
- Integrating Fixed and Mobile CSCF
- Integrating HLR and HSS by CUDB

For Mid/Long Term :

- Cloud Based IMS Platform under CCP
( Cloud based Common Platform )
- TCO Reduction by Lightening IMS Platform

[ Appendix 1 ]
The Consideration point for CSFB in KT
Signalling Increment
- Considered implementing ISR technology by upgrading SGSN to S4-SGSN

[ Appendix 2 ]
MT Roaming Forward
Improvement of call complete Ratio