EENT - lecture 4

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_____ can become life

threatening and lead to
meningeal infection

orbital cellulitis

_____ conjunctivitis will have

purulent discharge

bacterial

____% of dry MD progresses to

wet MD

10

____% recover vision from

retinal detachment if macula is
not involved

90

5.

#1 sign of dry MD

drusen

6.

#1 test for MD

Amsler grid

7.

3 reasons for urgent referral

hyphema
FB in the conj or
superficial cornea
glaucoma suspect (non
angle closure)

1.

2.

3.

4.

8.

9.

causes of retinal vein occlusion

artherosclerosis
HTN
DM
Glaucoma

cherry red spot is diagnostic for

___

retinal artery occlusion

diabetic retinopathy affects ___

of diabetics after ____ years

70%
10

22.

diagnosis of papilledema

blood work
imaging w. contrast
FA, DFE

23.

diagnosis of RAO

DFE - cherry red spot

FA
IOP

diagnosis of retinal vein

occlusion

DFE
IOP
fluroscine angiogram

differences in CRVO and CRAO?

CRVO - retina neovascularization,

hemorrhages

19.

20.

21.

90% of all cases of macular

degeneration are _____

dry

amorosis fugax

transient vision loss red flag for

papilledema

24.

25.

CRAO - disc swollen,

cotton wool spots,
cherry red spot

antibiotic for stye

erythromycin

biggest sign of proliferative

diabetic retinopathy

neovascularization

26.

blood is present in ____ MD

wet

27.

12.
13.

BRAO

blockage of smaller
arteries

14.

BRVO

blockage of smaller
veins (branch)

29.

causes of optic neuritis

autoimmune diseases
bacterial
viral
arteritis

30.

10.
11.

15.

16.

17.

18.

causes of papilledema

causes of RAO

Causes of retinal detachment

tumors
inflammatory
processes
idiopathic intracranial
HTN (pseudotumor
cerebrii)
CAD
DM
Lipids
trauma
near sightedness
vitreal detachment

28.

31.

32.
33.

34.

35.

36.
37.

downside of gas injection tx for

retinal detachment

must lay face down for

about a week

excellent recovery w retinal

detachment if repaired within
_____

24 hrs

first stage of diabetic retinopathy

background

fundoscopic exam that shows a

field that is not uniform in color
is likely

dry MD

hordeolum (stye)

pimple like lesion on

the margin of the eye
lid

how do you determine pt has

increased ICP

LP

hyphema is _____ benign

never

if the view of a fundoscopic exam

is not crisp and clear, it is most
likely ____

swollen

In papilledema, vision is always

______

preserved, initially

in the eye, blood that is stagnant

and not going away is ______

always bad

inflammation of the optic nerve

optic neuritis

Laser surgery may help _____

MD if caught early

wet

leading cause of blindness in

people under 65

diabetic retinopathy

macula is responsible for _____

vision

central

40.

MCC of blindness over age 65

macular degeneration

41.

MCC of hyphema

trauma (usually blunt

force)

42.

MCC of retinal detachment

vitreal detachment

43.

MCC of stye

bacterial (staph)

most common type of

conjunctivitis

viral

new onset papilledema, two

conditions you must rule out
immediately

MS
tumor

optic neuritis is most commonly

caused by

temporal arteritis

orbital cellulitis is often

associated w/ ____ infection

sinus

painful and unreliable treatment

of retinal detachment

scleral buckle

papilledema

optic disk swelling due

to elevated ICP

Papilledema is almost always

(unilateral/bilateral)

bilateral

papilledema is always the result

of ____

increased intracranial
pressure

plan for papilledema

weight reduction
diuretics
steroids

poor circulation shows up as

____ on an angiogram w/ RAO

dark

poor prognosis if retinal

detachment is not repaired
within _____

1 week

possible cause of macular

degeneration

cigarette smoking

prognosis of retinal vein

occlusion

varies (kinda like a

stroke)

progression of macular
degeneration is usually _____

slow

pseudotumor cerebri

no found cause of
papilledema, this is the
diagnosis

38.

39.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

reasons for emergent

referrals

RD
Blowout fracture
penetrated globe
decreased vision in diabetic
angle closure glaucoma

60.

retinal artery occlusion

blood supply is blocked in

central retinal artery that brings
blood to retina

61.

retinal vein occlusion

blockage of the central retinal

vein that carries blood away
from retina

retinal vein occlusion is

usually
(unilateral/bilateral)?

unilateral

risk factors for optic

neuritis

age 20-40
caucasian
women

S&S hyphema

blurry vision (depends on

location)
pain
light sensitvity

signs and symptoms of

retinal detachment

new and increased amount of

floaters
flashes of light
curtain
sudden loss of vision (that
doesn't return)

signs of background
diabetic retinopathy

capillary microaneurysms
cotton wool spots
edema
exudates
vision not always affected

signs of proliferative
diabetic retinopathy

neovascularization
edema
hemorrhages

slow gradual vision loss

is associated w. _____
MD

wet

staph in the eye can

cause

blepharitis
bacterial conjunctivitis
stye

sub conjunctival
hemorrhage is _____
benign

always

subconjunctival
hemorrhage

broken vessel in conjunctiva

symptoms of optic
neuritis

pain
vision loss
red eye

59.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

72.

73.

74.

75.

symptoms of orbital cellulitis

Symptoms of papilledema

symptoms of RAO

pain
decreased vision
decreased mobility
proptosis
HA
N/V
transient vision loss
sudden blurriness or
loss of vision, partial or
complete

symptoms of retinal vein

occlusion

vision loss of blurry

vision in one eye, partial
or complete

the term for chronic allergic

conjunctivitis

vernal

test needed to diagnosis

temporal arteritis

ESRD

tests used to diagnose optic

neuritis

opthalmascopy
RAPD
labs
MRI

There is no history of pain w.

orbital cellulitis

this type of conjunctivitis is

more diffusely pink and less
harsh looking

allergic

this type of conjunctivitis is

most commonly seen in
newborns

gonococcal

treatment and prognosis for

RAO

prognosis is good, but

no treatment

treatment for dry macular

degeneration

no effective treatment

treatment for gonococcal

conjunctivitis

tetracycline
erythromycin
silver nitrate
ceftriaxone to mother

86.

treatment for MD

wet - none (some

experimental)
dry - ocuvite
preservision

87.

treatment for orbital cellulitis

urgent referral for IV

antibiotics

Treatment for retinal

detachment

gas injection
vitrectomy
scleral buckle

treatment for stye

warm compress or
antibiotic ointment

treatment of background
diabetic retinopathy

better controlled blood

sugars

76.

77.

78.

79.

80.
81.

82.

83.

84.

85.

88.

89.

90.

91.

treatment of hypehma

usually self limiting,

sometimes removal

92.

treatment of optic neuritis

IV, oral steroids

treatment of retinal vein

occlusion

antivascular endothelial
growth factor

treatment of viral
conjunctivitis

self limiting

two types of macular

degeneration

dry
wet

types of diabetic
retinopathy

background
proliferative

which eye drop should you

never use

visine

why an ointment and not a

drop?

because it's external

why are little vessels bad?

they're fragile, weak and can

bust

93.

94.

95.

96.

97.

98.

99.