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TENDENCY:
Mean, Median, Mode
: sigma
The symbol means to sum (add) the scores
Central Tendency
The Mode
The most frequently occurring score.
Typically useful in describing central
tendency when the scores reflect a nominal
scale
l off measurement.
The Mode
It does not make sense to take the average in
nominal data.
Gender: 67 males --- 1
50 females ---- 2
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14
13
15
11
15
13
10
12
13
14
13
14
15
17
14
14
15
S
Score
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
1
0
4
6
4
1
1
1
N=18
Unimodal Distributions
When a polygon
Wh
l
h
has
one hump (such as on
the normal curve) the
distribution is called
unimodal.
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14
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10
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13
15
15
17
12
15
12
S
Score
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
1
0
5
2
3
5
1
1
N=18
Bimodal Distributions
When a di
Wh
distribution
ib i
has two scores that
are most frequently
occurring, it is called
d
bimodal.
Example
S
Score
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
4
5
4
6
7
9
N=36
EXP: 1 2 3 3 4 7 9 10 11
EXP: 1 2 3 3 4 6 7 9 100 11
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10
12
13
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13
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15
17
14
14
15
S
Score
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
1
0
4
6
4
1
1
1
N=18
The Mean
The score located at the mathematical center
of a distribution
U
Used
d tto summarize
i interval
i t
l or ratio
ti data
d t in
i
situations when the distribution is
symmetrical and unimodal
X
X=
N
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14
13
15
11
15
13
10
12
13
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13
14
15
17
14
14
15
S
Score
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
1
0
4
6
4
1
1
1
N=18
Central Tendency
and
N
Normal
l Di
Distributions
ib i
On a perfect normal distribution all three
measures of central tendency are located at
the
h same score.
Central Tendency
Measures of Central Tendency:
Mean
The sum of all scores divided byy the number of
scores.
Median
The score in the middle when the scores are ordered.
Mode
The most frequent score.
Measures
Measurement
you
Scale
CAN use
Nominal
Mode
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Mode
Median
Mode
Median
Mean
Mode
Median
Mean
Deviations Around
th Mean
the
M
Deviations
A scores deviation is the distance separate
the score from the mean
= (X Xbar)
Example 1
Find the mean, median and mode for the set of
scores in
i the
h ffrequency di
distribution
ib i table
bl b
below
l
X f
5 2
4 3
3 2
2 2
1 1
Example 2