-@_ of] P]g @)^# ;fn >fj0f !
^ ut]b]lv k|f/De
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^#
k|df0fLs/0f ldlt g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ldlt
@)^#.&.!(.! @)^#.&.!(.!
@=
a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg / PsLs/0f
ug{ ag]sf] ljw]os
k|:tfjgf M d'n'ssf] ;du| a}lÍË tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLk|lt
;j{;fwf/0fsf] ljZj;gLotf clej[l4 u/L lgIf]kstf{sf] xs
lxtsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{, a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :j:y
k|lt:kwf{af6 ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo tyf e/kbf]{ a}lÍË tyf
ljQLo dWo:ytf ;]jf pknAw u/fpg, a}lÍË tyf ljQLo If]q
;DaGwL hf]lvd sd ug{, a}lÍË tyf ljQLo If]qsf] pbf/Ls/0f
u/L g]kfn /fHosf] cy{tGqnfO{ ;an tyf ;'b[9 agfpg tyf
a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf, ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg /
lgodgsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos sfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ a}Í tyf
ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gsf] tTsfn ;+zf]wg /
PsLs/0f u/L ;dofg's"n agfpg jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
k|ltlglw ;efsf] 3f]if0ff, @)^# hf/L ePsf] klxnf] jif{df
k|ltlglw ;efn] of] P]g agfPsf]5 .
kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
1. ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æa}Í
tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^#Æ /x]sf]5 .
1 2
ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-#_ of] P]g g]kfn /fHoe/ nfu" x'g]5 / a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fHoaflx/ hxfF;'s} vf]n]sf sfof{no
;d]tnfO{ nfu" x'g]5 .
kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o;
P]gdf,–
-s_ æ/fi6« a}ÍÆ eGgfn] g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%*
adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] g]kfn /fi6« a}Í ;Demg'
k5{ .
-v_ æa}ÍÆ eGgfn] bkmf $& sf] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhdsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;+:yfkgf ePsf]
;+ul7t ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ æljQLo ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] bkmf $& sf] pkbkmf -@_,
-#_ jf -$_ adf]lhdsf] sf/f]af/ ug{ ;+:yfkgf
ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ . ;f] zAbn]
ljsf; a}Í, ljQ sDkgL jf n3' ljQ ljsf; a}Í
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-3_ æk|aGwkqÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
k|aGwkq ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;+ul7t
;+:yfsf] ljwfg ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-ª_ ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
lgodfjnL ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ æ;+:yfksÆ eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yf :yfkgf ug{sf] nflu k|aGwkq tyf
 lgodfjnLdf sDtLdf Ps z]o/ lng dGh"/ u/L
;+:yfkssf] x}l;otn] x:tfIf/ ug]{ JolQm ;Demg'
k5{ .
-5_ æz]o/Æ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/
k'FhLsf] ljeflht c+z ;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ æz]o/wgLÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
z]o/df :jfldTj ePsf] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ æljj/0fkqÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bkmf
^ adf]lhd k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0fkq ;Demg'
k5{ .
-`_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf !@ adf]lhd u7g x'g] a}Í
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt ;Demg'
k5{ .
-6_ æcWoIfÆ eGgfn] ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;Demg' k5{ .
-7_ æ;~rfnsÆ eGgfn] ;ldltsf] ;b:o ;Demg' k5{
/ ;f] zAbn] cWoIf / j}slNks ;~rfns
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-8_ ækbflwsf/LÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, ;lrj / sd{rf/L
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
;Nnfxsf/, n]vfk/LIfs / lnSjL8]6/ eO{ sfd
ug]{ JolQm ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-9_ æOhfhtkqÆ eGgfn] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ /fi6«
a}Ín] o; P]g adf]lhd a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
3 4
gfddf hf/L u/]sf] Ohfhtkq ;Demg' k5{ .
-0f_ æOhfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] ljQLo sf/f]af/
ug{ o; P]g adf]lhd Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] a}Í
jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
-t_ æljQLo sf/f]af/Æ eGgfn] a}Í tyf ljQLo
;+:yfn] ug]{ bkmf $& df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf]
sf/f]af/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-y_ æk'FhLÆ eGgfn] bkmf $) adf]lhdsf] a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] clws[t kF'hL, hf/L kF'hL jf r'Qmf
k'FhL ;Demg' k5{ .
-b_ æk'FhLsf]ifÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
k|fylds k'FhL / k"/s k'FhLsf] of]u ;Demg' k5{ /
;f] zAbn] /fi6« a}Ín] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] ;f] ;+:yfsf] cGo sf]if ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-w_ æk|fylds k'FhLÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
r'Qmf k'FhL, z]o/ lk|ldod, lkmtf{ gx'g] cu|flwsf/
z]o/, ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if / ;l~rt gfkmf–
gf]S;fg zLif{sdf /x]sf] /sd ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] /fi6« a}Ín] ;do ;dodf k|fylds k'FhL
egL tf]lslbPsf] cGo zLif{sdf /x]sf] /sd
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-g_ æk"/s k'FhLÆ eGgfn] /fi6« a}Ín] ;do ;dodf
tf]lslbPsf zLif{sx?df /x]sf] a}Í tyf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] /sd ;Demg' k5{ .
-k_ æhf]lvdefl/t ;DklQÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] jf;nftleqsf / jf;nftaflx/sf
k|To]s zLif{sdf /x]sf] /sdnfO{ /fi6« a}Ín]
tf]lslbPsf] hf]lvdef/n] u'0fg u/L lgsflnPsf]
s'n ;DklQ ;Demg' k5{ .
-km_ æt/n ;DklQÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
gub df}Hbft, a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] rNtL
vftfdf /fv]sf] df}Hbft, a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
/fi6« a}Ídf /fv]sf] df}Hbft / /fi6« a}Ín] ;do
;dodf t/n ;DklQ egL lgwf{/0f ul/lbPsf] a}Í
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ ;Demg' k5{ .
-a_ ælgIf]kÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] rNtL,
art jf d'2tL vftfdf hDdf ePsf] /sd
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
/fi6« a}Ín] tf]s] adf]lhdsf ljleGg ljQLo
pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 :jLsf/ ug]{ /sd
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-e_ ærNtL vftfÆ eGgfn] dfu]sf] avt hlxn] klg
lemSg kfpg] u/L a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
/flvPsf] /sdsf] x/lx;fa n]lvPsf] vftf
;Demg' k5{ .
-d_ æart vftfÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
artsf] lgldQ /flvPsf] /sdsf] x/lx;fa
n]lvPsf] vftf ;Demg' k5{ .
-o_ æd'2tL vftfÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
5 6
lglZrt cjlw;Dd hDdf /xg] u/L /flvPsf]
/sdsf] x/lx;fa n]lvPsf] vftf ;Demg' k5{ .
-/_ æshf{Æ eGgfn] /sd k|jfx ug]{, k|ToIf jf
ck|ToIf k|Tofe"lt / To;sf] abnfdf nufgL
u/]sf] /sd c;"nL ug]{ clwsf/ tyf To:tf
shf{sf] Aofh jf cGo b:t'/sf] r'Qmf, shf{ jf
nufgLsf] lwtf]df lbOPsf] k'gs{hf{, shf{sf]
k'g;{+/rgf / gjLs/0f, shf{ r'Qmfsf] nflu hf/L
ul/Psf] hdfgL tyf shf{ r'Qmfsf] nflu ul/Psf]
cGo jrga4tf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] s'g}
klg lsl;dsf] C0f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-n_ æd'b|fÆ eGgfn] s'g} lsl;dsf] s/]G;L gf]6, kf]:6n
c8{/, kf]:6n gf]6, dlg c8{/, r]s, 8«fˆ6,
6«fen;{ r]s, k|tLtkq, ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq,
q]ml86 sf8{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6« a}Ín]
cfjZostf cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L tf]lslbPsf] cGo o:t} k|sf/sf df}lb|s
pks/0f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-j_ æljb]zL d'b|fÆ eGgfn] g]kfnL d'b|f afx]ssf] cGo
d'b|f ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f
sf]ifaf6 /sd lemSg] ljz]if clwsf/ -:k]zn 8«OË
/fO6\;_, Plzog s/]G;L o'lg6, o'/f]lkog s/]G;L
o'lg6 tyf /fi6« a}Ín] cfjZostf cg';f/
;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lslbPsf] cGo
pks/0f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-z_ æljb]zL ljlgdoÆ eGgfn] ljb]zL d'b|f, ljb]zL
 d'b|fdf e'QmfgL x'g] jf k|fKt x'g] ;a} lsl;dsf]
lgIf]k, shf{, df}Hbft, ljb]zL lwtf]kq / ljb]zL
d'b|fdf e'QmfgL x'g] jf x'g;Sg] cGt/f{li6«o
k|rngdf /x]sf r]s, 8«fˆ6, ofq'r]s, ljB'tLo
/sdfGt/ -On]S6«f]lgs km08 6«fG;km/_,
q]ml86sf8{, k|tLtkq, ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6« a}Ín] cfjZostf
cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L
tf]lslbPsf] cGo h'g;'s} df}lb|s pks/0f
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-if_ ækl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|fÆ eGgfn] /fi6« a}Ín]
cfjZostf cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|f egL tf]lslbPsf] ljb]zL
d'b|f ;Demg' k5{ .
-;_ æljB'tLo /sdfGt/ -On]S6«f]lgs km08 6«fG;km/_Æ
eGGffn] 6]lnkmf]g, 6]n]S;, sDKo'6/ jf DofUg]l6s
6]k jf To:t} k|sf/sf cGo ljB'tLo pks/0fsf]
dfWodaf6 lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL lbg], /sdfGt/
ug]{ sf/f]af/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] c6f]d]6]8
6]n/ d]lzg / Sof; l8:k]lG;Ë d]lzgsf]
dfWodaf6 x'g] sf/f]af/ / rfh{ sf8{, 8]la6 sf8{
tyf q]ml86 sf8{af6 x'g] sf/f]af/ ;d]tnfO{
hgfpF5 .
-x_ æk|tLtkqÆ eGgfn] s'g} Ps a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] s'g} csf]{ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfddf
s'g} JolQmsf] lglZrt /sdn] vfd];Ddsf] r]s,
8«fˆ6, x'08L jf ljlgdokq :jLsf/ ug'{ egL
7 8
n]v]sf] kq ;Demg' k5{ .
-If_ æljlgd]oÆ eGgfn] ljlgd]o clwsf/kq kfpg] s'g}
JolQmnfO{ wf/s aGg ;Sg] u/L ;f] kq
x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sfd ;Demg' k5{ .
-q_ æljlgd]o clwsf/kqÆ eGgfn] k|lt1fkq,
ljlgdokq jf r]s ;Demg' k5{ .
-1_ æljlgdokqÆ eGgfn] s'g} lglZrt ldltdf jf
s'g} lglZrt cjlwkl5 jf dfu]sf] avt ;f]
kqdf n]lvPsf] s'g} vf; JolQmnfO{ jf lghn]
cx|fPsf] JolQmnfO{ jf ;f] kq lnO{ cfpg]
JolQmnfO{ lagf zt{ s'g} lglZrt /sd lbg' egL
s'g} Ps JolQmn] csf]{ JolQmnfO{ lgb]{zg u/L
b:tvt ul/lbPsf] lnvt ;Demg' k5{ .
-ss_ æk|lt1fkqÆ eGgfn] lglZrt ldltdf jf s'g}
lglZrt cjlw kl5 jf dfu]sf] avt ;f] kqdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} vf; JolQmnfO{ jf lghn] cx|fPsf]
JolQmnfO{ jf ;f] kq lnO{ cfpg] JolQmnfO{ lagf
zt{ s'g} lglZrt /sd lbG5' egL sa'n u/L
b:tvt ul/lbPsf] lnvt ;Demg' k5{ .
-sv_ æjf;nftaflx/sf] sf/f]af/Æ eGgfn] a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] bfloTj Joxf]g'{ kg]{ ;Defjgf
ePsf] k|tLtkq, hdfgtkq, :jLsf/kq,
k|lta4tf, ljb]zL ljlgdo ;DaGwL :jfk, cK;g,
clu|d sf/f]af/ / To:t} k|sf/sf cGo sf/f]af/
;Demg' k5{ .
-su_ æsfo{sf/L k|d'vÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
sfo{sf/L cWoIf, k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t,
sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, k|aGw lgb]{zs, k|aGw
;~rfns, sfo{sf/L ;~rfns jf dxfk|aGws
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ cGo
kbflwsf/L ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-s3_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] a}Í
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] If]qLo, zfvf, pk–zfvf,
k|zfvf, Onfsf, k|ltlglw, ;Dks{ sfof{no
nufotsf cGo h'g;'s} sfof{no ;d]tnfO{
hgfpF5 .
-sª_ æljQLo :jfy{Æ eGgfn] ;+:yfks jf ;~rfns,
Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf]
z]o/wgL jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf To:tf JolQmsf]
kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf ;~rfns dgf]gLt ug]{
clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t
;+:yfn] s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf]
r'Qmf k'FhLsf] bz k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L x'g]
u/L 5'§f5'§} jf ;+o'Qm ?kdf z]o/ vl/b u/]sf]
/x]5 eg] To:tf] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf
To:tf] ;+:yfks jf ;~rfns jf Ps k|ltzt jf
;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] z]o/wgL jf sfo{sf/L
k|d'v jf To:tf JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:osf]
ljQLo :jfy{ /x]sf] cj:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
9 10
-sr_ ækl/jf/Æ eGgfn] ;DalGwt JolQmsf] klt jf
kTgL, 5f]/f, 5f]/L, wd{k'q, wd{k'qL, afa', cfdf,
;f}t]gL cfdf / cfk"mn] kfng kf]if0f ug'{ kg]{ bfh',
efO / lbbL, alxgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-s5_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsP adf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o;
P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgod jf ljlgoddf tf]lsPsf]
jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg' k5{ .
kl/R5]b–@
a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf / ;f]sf] lwtf]kq ;DaGwL
Joj:yf
#= a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{sf nflu a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf
;+:yfkgf ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] To:tf] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLsf] ?kdf
btf{ u/fO{ ;+:yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL btf{ ug{ k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd clVtof/ kfPsf] clwsf/Ln] sDkgL btf{ ubf{
bkmf $ sf] cwLgdf /xL ug'{ kg]{5 .
$= a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf ug{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ M
-!_ bkmf # adf]lhd a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug]{
k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt JolQmn] To:tf] a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ug{ lgj]bg lbg'cl3
b]xfosf sfuhft ;+nUg u/L /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] b:t'/
;lxt k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu /fi6« a}Ídf lgj]bg lbg'
kg]{5 M–
 -s_ k|:tfljt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gkg]{ cj:yf ePdf ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bsnfO{ hfgsf/L
k|aGwkq, u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-v_ k|:tfljt Af}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] -#_ s'g} ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fHodf
lgodfjnL, ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf gful/s;Fu ldnL ;+o'Qm
nufgLdf jf ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ztk|ltzt z]o/
-u_ k|:tfljt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lnPsf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] ?kdf o; P]g adf]lhd a}Í jf
;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg, ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg
lbPsf]df o; bkmf adf]lhd To:tf] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf
-3_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf ;+:yfksx?sf] ;+:yfkgf ug{ :jLs[lt lbg]5 .
JolQmut ljj/0f,
%= :jLs[lt lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf
-ª_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug'{cl3 /fi6« a}Ín] s'g} a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf ug{sf
a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug]{ nflu k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
;DaGwdf ;+:yfksx?aLr s'g} ;Demf}tf
ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] -s_ k|:tfljt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd
k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk, klxn] g} btf{ eO{ sfod /x]sf] s'g} a}Í
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd;Fu ldNg] ePdf,
-r_ ;+:yfksx?n] o; bkmf adf]lhd lgj]bg
lbg'eGbf tTsfn cl3Nnf] cfly{s -v_ k|:tfljt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd jf
jif{;Ddsf] s/ r'Qmf u/]sf] k|df0f, To;n] ug]{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;fj{hlgs
lxt, ;bfrf/, lzi6frf/, wd{, hfthflt
-5_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ;DaGwdf jf ;Dk|bfo cflbsf] b[li6sf]0fn] cg'ko'Qm
/fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf cGo ljj/0f tyf jf cjf~5gLo b]lvPdf,
sfuhft .
-u_ k|:tfljt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo
-@_ k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|rlnt sfg"g ljk/Lt ePdf,
lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf k]z u/]sf sfuhftsf] hfFra'em u/L /fi6«
a}Ín] :jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm b]v]df s'g} zt{ tf]sL jf gtf]sL -3_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{
To;/L lgj]bg kg{ cfPsf] Ps ;o aL; lbgleq To:tf] a}Í k|fljlws b[li6sf]0faf6 cg'ko'Qm b]lvPdf,
jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkg ug{ :jLs[lt lbg]5 . :jLs[lt lbg

11 12
-ª_ k|:tfljt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k]z
u/]sf] ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg,
ljj/0f tyf sfuhft / cGo k"jf{wf/nfO{
cWoog ubf{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ :j:y /
k|lt:kwf{Tds 9Ëaf6 ;~rfng ug]{
s'/fdf ljZjf; ug{ g;lsg] ePdf,
-r_ k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL btf{ ug{sf] nflu
k|:tfljt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;a}
;+:yfks ;b:osf] gfdaf6 lgj]bg
gk/]sf] ePdf,
-5_ k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf k|:tfljt a}Í
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;a} ;+:yfksx?n]
cfˆgf] gfd, 7]ufgf ;d]t v'nfO{ s'g}
Pshgf ;fIfLsf] /f]xj/df ;xL5fk u/L
;f] ;fIfLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf ;d]t gv'nfPsf]
ePdf,
-h_ k|:tfljt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|To]s
;+:yfksn] ;f] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
sDtLdf Ps lsQf z]o/ lng d~h"/
gu/]sf] ePdf,
-em_ k|:tfljt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|To]s
;+:yfksn] k|aGwkqdf ;xL ubf{ cfk"mn]
lng] z]o/ ;+Vof ;d]t :ki6 ?kdf
gv'nfPsf] ePdf,
-`_ bkmf $ adf]lhd bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ b:t'/
13
/ sfuhft bflvnf gePdf,
-6_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf zt{ k"/f gu/]df .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s'g} cj:yf k/L
k|:tfljt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL btf{
ug{ OGsf/ u/]sf]df /fi6« a}Ín] lgj]bsnfO{ ;f] s'/fsf]
hfgsf/L lbg]5 .
^= ljj/0fkq M -!_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lwtf]kqsf]
;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ug'{ cufj} lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd lwtf]kq af]8{af6 ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{
;DaGwdf :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L To:tf] ljj/0fkq /fi6« a}Í
;dIf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L ljj/0fkq btf{
gu/fP;Dd ;f] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] jf To:tf] a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6 s;}n] klg To:tf] a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ubf{
k"/f ug'{ kg]{ k|lqmof / ljj/0fkqdf v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/fx?
lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-#_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{
k|of]hgsf] nflu lwtf]kq af]8{sf] :jLs[ltsf lgldQ lwtf]kq
;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gsf cwLgdf /xL lwtf]kq af]8{ ;dIf
lnlvt ?kdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ lwtf]kq af]8{n] ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf
:jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] hfgsf/L lnlvt ?kdf k|fKt gu/];Dd
/fi6« a}Ín] ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{ 5}g .
14

-%_ ljj/0fkq s'g} klg JolQmn] x]g{ rfx]df a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} z'Ns jf dx;'n glnO{ x]g{ lbg' kg]{5 .
&= z]o/sf] afF8kmfF8 M -!_ a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf]
s'n hf/L k'FhLsf] sDtLdf tL; k|ltzt z]o/
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu 5'6\ofpg'
kg]{5 . o;/L 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/dWo] kfFr k|ltzt;Dd
z]o/ a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] sd{rf/Lsf] nflu
5'6\ofpg ;Sg]5 .
t/ ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+o'Qm
nufgLdf ;+:yfkgf ePsf a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf
/fi6« a}Ín] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf] k|ltztsf] z]o/
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ vl/bsf] nflu
;j{;fwf/0faf6 b/vf:t cfJxfg ubf{ z]o/sf] c+lst
d"Nosf] ztk|ltzt /sd b/vf:t ;fy dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
*= lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ M -!_ a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf]
lwtf]kq ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lgisfzg ubf{ To:tf] lwtf]kqsf]
laqmL, afF8kmfF8, /sd c;"n pk/ h:tf ;a} sfo{
lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} lwtf]kq
Joj;foL ;+:yf dfk{mt lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf
u/]sf] ;Demf}tfsf] Ps k|lt To:tf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn]
;ft lbgleq /fi6« a}Í / lwtf]kq af]8{df lbg' kg]{5 .
15
(= z]o/ tyf l8a]Gr/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg
g;lsg] M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+:yfksn] ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng u/]sf] sDtLdf kfFr jif{;Dd cfˆgf] gfddf
/x]sf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg kfpg] 5}g .
t/ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfngdf s'g} afwf
Jojwfg pTkGg eO{ ljz]if kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf x'g uPdf
/fi6« a}Ín] ;+:yfksx?aLr cfk;df z]o/ laqmL ug]{
:jLs[lt k|bfg ug{ o; pkbkmfn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg]
5}g .
-@_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+:yfksn] a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] ldltn] kfFr jif{ kl5 cfˆgf]
gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg rfx]df
/fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf] z]o/ laqmL
ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg ;Sg]5 .
!)= a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug{
gx'g] M -!_ a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m
vl/b -afO Aofs_ ug{ jf hdfgtdf /fvL C0f lbg
x'Fb}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fi6« a}Ísf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;f]xL a}Ín]
tf]s]sf] k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L nfef+zsf] ?kdf ljt/0f x'g
;Sg] ;l~rt d'gfkmfsf] /sdaf6 a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf]
z]o/sf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd e'QmfgL e};s]sf]
16
 eP,
-v_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/
lwtf]kq af]8{df btf{ eO{ ;s]sf] eP,
-u_ cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug{ ;Sg]
Joj:yf ;DalGwt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
lgodfjnLdf ePsf] eP,
-3_ cfˆgf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{ ;Sg] u/L
;DalGwt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f
;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] eP,
-ª_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] r'Qmf ug'{ kg]{ C0f
/sd a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] z]o/
cfk}+m vl/b u/L ;s]kl5 kF'hL tyf
;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifsf] /sdsf]
cg'kftdf bf]Aa/eGbf a9L gx'g] eP,
:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf nflu
æC0f /sdÆ eGgfn] a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] shf{ lnPsf] ;'/lIft tyf
c;'/lIft ;Dk"0f{ C0f /sd ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] vl/b ug]{ cfˆgf]
z]o/sf] /sd sDkgLsf] s'n r'Qmf kF'hL
tyf ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifsf] /sdsf] aL;
k|ltzteGbf a9L gx'g] eP,
-5_ cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf
/fi6« a}Ín] ;do ;dodf hf/L u/]sf]
17
lgb]{zg k|lts"n gx'g] eP .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu s'g} a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6« a}Ísf] :jLs[lt lng b]xfosf] ljj/0f
v'nfO{ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf
k|fKt ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df To:tf] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug{ :jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm x'g]
b]v]df /fi6« a}Ín] ;f]sf] :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f /
cfjZostf,
-v_ cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b u/]sf] sf/0faf6
a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfly{s l:yltdf
kg{ ;Sg] ;Defljt k|efjsf] d"NofÍgsf]
ljj/0f,
-u_ vl/b ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] z]o/sf] lsl;d
/ ;f]sf] ;+Vof,
-3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] z]o/ vl/b ug{
nfUg] clwstd jf Go"gtd /sd / ;f]sf]
;|f]t,
-ª_ cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug{ ;Sg]
;dofjlw,
-r_ z]o/ vl/b ug]{ tl/sf,
-5_ cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf
/fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] tyf k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd v'nfpg' kg]{ cGo cfjZos
18
 s'/fx? .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|fKt ePkl5
To:tf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] 5 dlxgf jf ;fwf/0f ;efaf6
ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf] afx| dlxgfdWo] h'g kl5Nnf] x'G5
;f] cjlwleq ;DalGwt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf] s'g}
pkfoaf6 cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ lwtf]kq ahf/ dfk{mt vl/b u/]/,
-v_ o; P]g adf]lhd a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf
sd{rf/LnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/ ;DalGwt
sd{rf/Laf6 vl/b u/]/,
-u_ tTsfn sfod /x]sf z]o/wgLaf6
;dfg'kflts ?kdf vl/b u/]/ .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b u/]sf]df To:tf] z]o/ vl/b
u/]sf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq cfk"mn] vl/b u/]sf] z]o/
;+Vof, ;f] afkt e'QmfgL /sd / cGo cfjZos
ljj/0fx?sf] hfgsf/L /fi6« a}ÍnfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd cfˆgf] z]o/ cfkm}
vl/b u/]sf] c+lst d"No a/fa/sf] /sdaf6 5'§} k'FhL
lkmtf{ hu]8f sf]if v8f u/L ;f] sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5
/ ;f] sf]ifsf] /sdnfO{ r'Qmf k'FhL ;/x sfod /fVg'
kg]{5 .
19
-&_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfˆgf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b u/]sf]df cfk"mn] vl/b u/] hlt
z]o/ To;/L vl/b u/]sf] ldltn] Ps ;o aL; lbgleq
/2 ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-*_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m
vl/b ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfx? tyf cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b
ug{] ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx? /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!!= lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug{df aGb]h M -!_ a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, n]vfk/LIfs, ;lrj
jf a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf n]vf ;DaGwL
sfo{df k|ToIf ?kn] ;+nUg JolQmn] To:tf] kbdf axfn
/xFbfsf avt jf To:tf] kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf]
sDtLdf Ps jif{;Dd ;DalGwt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf
To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] lwtf]kq cfˆgf] jf cfˆgf]
kl/jf/ jf cfˆgf] jf cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf]
kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf vl/b laqmL ug{ u/fpg,
ug{ lbg, lwtf]aGws /fVg, /fVg nufpg jf bfg as;
lng, lbg jf n]gb]g ug{ x'Fb}g .
t/ gofF z]o/ hf/L u/]sf] cj:yfdf of] k|ltaGw
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-@_ s;}n] pkbkmf -!_ sf] ljk/Lt s'g} sfd
u/]df To:tf] lwtf]kq ;DalGwt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
hkmt ug]{5 .
20
 -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd hkmt ePsf] lwtf]kq
;ldltn] plrt 7x¥ofPsf] lsl;daf6 laqmL ljt/0f ug{
;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b–#
a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt / sfo{sf/L k|d'v
;DaGwL Joj:yf
!@= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7g M -!_ a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
Pp6f ;~rfns ;ldlt /xg]5 . ;f] ;ldltdf sDtLdf
kfFr hgf / a9Ldf gf}hgf ;~rfns /xg]5g\ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] cwLgdf /xL ;ldltdf /fi6«
a}Ín] bkmf !# adf]lhd sfod u/]sf] Jofj;flos
ljz]if1x?sf] ;"rLaf6 Pshgf Jofj;flos ;~rfns
lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L lgo'Qm x'g] ;~rfnsn]
;DalGwt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ lnPsf] x'g
cfjZos x'g] 5}g .
-#_ ;~rfnsn] cfk"mdWo] ax'dtaf6 5fg]sf] s'g}
Pshgf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf x'g]5 .
!$=
!#= Jofj;flos ljz]if1x?sf] ;"rL sfod ug]{ M -!_ /fi6«
a}Ín] bkmf !@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ
b]xfosf] of]Uotf tyf cg'ejsf] cfwf/df Jofj;flos
ljz]if1x?sf] ;"rL sfod ug]{5 M–
-s_ Joj:yfkg, a}lÍË, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{
zf:q, jfl0fHo zf:q, Jofkf/ k|zf;g,
21
jfl0fHo sfg"g ljifodf sDtLdf
:gftsf]Q/ jf rf6{8{ Psfp06]G;L pkflw
xfl;n u/L a}lÍË tyf ljQLo If]qsf]
sfo{sf/L txdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{sf]
sfof{g'ej ePsf] .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu
æsfo{sf/L txÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/,
/fi6« a}Í, a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|yd
>]0fLsf] clws[t jf s'g} a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] jl/i7 Joj:yfks jf
dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnosf] ;x–
k|fWofks jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] kb ;Demg'
k5{ .
-v_ bkmf !* adf]lhdsf] cof]Uotf gePsf] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfod u/]sf]
Jofj;flos ljz]if1x?sf] ;"rL k|To]s jif{ cBfjlws u/L
/fi6« a}Ín] ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/Lsf] nflu /fli6«o :t/sf]
kq–klqsfdf k|sfzg ug]{5 .
;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ z]o/wgLsf]
;fwf/0f ;efaf6 x'g] sfd afx]s o; P]g, k|rlnt sfg"g
tyf k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}Í tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug'{ kg]{ ;a} sfd / k|of]u ug]{ ;Dk"0f{
clwsf/ ;ldltdf lglxt /xg]5 .
22
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfk"mn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd
;'Jojl:yt ?kn] ;~rfng ug{ ;ldltn] cfjZos
ljlgod agfpg ;Sg]5 .
!&=
-#_ k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf cGoyf ePsf]df
afx]s ;ldltn] cfk"mdWo]sf s'g} ;~rfnsnfO{ jf a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} kbflwsf/LnfO{ PSn} jf ;+o'Qm ?kdf
Af}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6 n]vfk9L ug{ jf ljlgd]o
clwsf/kq jf r]s cflbdf ;xL5fk ug{ ;d]t ;a} jf
s]xL clwsf/ ;'DkL cfˆgf] k|ltlglw v8f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!%= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M -!_ ;ldltn] cfˆgf] /]vb]v jf
lgb]{zgdf sfd ug]{ u/L cfˆgf] s]xL clwsf/ cWoIf,
;~rfns, bkmf !^ adf]lhd ul7t pk;ldlt, sfo{sf/L
k|d'v jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v eO{ sfd ug]{ s'g} JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cWoIf, ;~rfns, bkmf
!^ adf]lhd ul7t pk;ldlt, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf
sfo{sf/L k|d'v eO{ sfd ug]{ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfn] cfk"mn] kfPsf] clVtof/L cfˆgf] hjfkmb]xLdf
cfk"m dftxtsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
!^= pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ ;ldltn] s'g} vf;
k|of]hgsf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ Ps jf PseGbf a9L
pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf]
pk;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/, sfof{jlw / a}7sdf
23
efu lnP afkt kfpg] kfl/>lds jf eQf ;ldltn] tf]s]
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm M -!_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf
;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm bkmf !* tyf lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf
/xL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f x'g]5 .
t/, –
-s_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|yd jflif{s
;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Ddsf] cjlwsf nflu
;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm ;+:yfksåf/f ul/g]5
.
-v_ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf cufj} s'g}
;~rfnssf] kb l/Qm x'g cfPdf afFsL
cjlwsf nflu ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm
;ldltåf/f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-u_ ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] z]o/ lnPsf] a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf ;f] ;+:yfn] lnPsf]
z]o/sf] cg'kftdf x'g cfpg] ;~rfns
lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ lnPsf] ;+ul7t
;+:yf, ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfk"mn] lnPsf]
z]o/sf] cg'kftdf ;~rfns lgo'Qm ubf{ ;~rfnssf]
cg'kl:yltdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] u/L j}slNks ;~rfns
;d]t lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
24
 -#_ bkmf !@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf]
Jofj;flos ljz]if1 ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm ;~rfns
;ldltaf6 x'g]5 .
!*= ;~rfnssf] cof]Uotf M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} JolQm
;~rfnssf] kbdf lgjf{lrt jf dgf]gLt x'g jf sfod
/xg cof]Uo dflgg]5 M–
-s_ @! jif{ pd]/ k"/f gePsf],
-v_ duh lalu|Psf] jf dfgl;s ;Gt'ng 7Ls
gePsf],
-u_ C0f ltg{ g;sL ;fx"sf] bfdf;fxLdf
k/]sf],
-3_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+usf] s'g}
sf/f]af/df sfnf];"rLdf k/L ;f] ;"rLaf6
k'ms'jf ePsf] ldltn] sDtLdf tLg jif{
k"/f gePsf],
-ª_ s'g} a}Í, ljQLo ;+:yf jf s'g} klg
k|sf/sf] lgIf]k ;DaGwL Joj;fo
;~rfng ug]{ ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns
jf To:tf ;+:yfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L jf
cGo a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf
n]vfk/LIfs jf ;Nnfxsf/,
-r_ ;DalGwt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu s'g}
lsl;dsf] 7]Ssf k§fdf lx:;]bf/ /x]sf],
25
-5_ lwtf]kq Joj;foLsf] ?kdf sfo{ ug{
lwtf]kq ahf/sf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf],
-h_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnL
adf]lhd ;~rfns x'gsf] nflu lng'kg]{
Go"gtd z]o/ glnPsf],
-em_ g]kfn ;/sf/, /fi6« a}Í jf a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf sd{rf/L,
t/, g]kfn ;/sf/n] z]o/ vl/b
u/]sf] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf jf s'g} a}Í
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] csf]{
a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ;~rfns
dgf]gLt ePsf]df of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]
5}g .
-`_ /fi6« a}Ísf] ueg{/, 8]k'6L ueg{/ /
ljlzi6 >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lsf] kbdf axfn
/xL ;]jfaf6 x6]sf] jf cjsf; k|fKt
u/]sf] JolQm ePdf ;]jfaf6 x6]sf] jf
cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] sDtLdf Ps
jif{ k"/f gePsf],
-6_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s/ ltg'{kg]{
bfloTj eO{ To:tf] s/ r'Qmf gu/]sf],
-7_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L s;"/df
cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfO{ To:tf] ;hfo
e'Qmfg ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{ gk'u]sf],
26

-8_ e|i6frf/ jf 7uLsf] s;"/df cbfntaf6
;hfo kfPsf],
-9_ /fi6« a}Ísf] lgb]{zg kfngf gu/]sf]
sf/0faf6 /fi6« a}Ín] sf/afxL u/]sf] jf
/fi6« a}Ín] Joj:yfkg cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf
lnO{ lgnDag jf lj36gdf k/]sf] ldltn]
kfFr jif{ gk'u]sf] .
-@_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} JolQm
;~rfnssf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g M–
-s_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvP adf]lhd
;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g cof]Uo
ePdf,
-v_ ;fwf/0f ;efn] ;~rfnssf] kbaf6
x6fpg] k|:tfj kfl/t u/]df,
-u_ ;~rfnsn] cfˆgf] kbaf6 lbPsf]
/fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePdf,
-3_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/afxLdf
a]OdfgL jf ablgot u/]sf] s'/f
cbfntaf6 k|dfl0ft ePdf,
-ª_ o; P]g adf]lhd ;~rfnsn] ug{ gx'g]
egL tf]lsPsf] s'g} sfd u/]df .
27
!(= ;~rfnssf] of]Uotf M ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g
b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] x'g'kg]{5 M–
-s_ bkmf !* adf]lhd cof]Uo gePsf],
-v_ s'g} ljifodf :gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/]sf] jf s'g}
;/sf/L jf a}lÍË jf ljQLo If]q jf ;+ul7t
If]q;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} lgsfodf slDtdf
kfFrjif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf] .
t/,
-!_ ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/wgLsf] tk{maf6 lgjf{rg
x'g] ;~rfnssf] xsdf plNnlvt of]Uotf cfjZos kg]{
5}g .
-@_ …3Ú ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf
;~rfnssf] of]Uotf /fi6« a}Ín] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@)= ;~rfnssf] kbfjlw M -!_ a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf
;~rfnssf] kbfjlw lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd
a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 .
t/,
-!_ bkmf !& sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf]
v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf]
;~rfns jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd
dfq cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
28
 -@_ s'g} ;~rfnssf] kb aLrdf l/Qm eO{ ;f]
kbdf lgo'Qm ePsf] ;~rfnssf]
sfof{jlw ;f] ;~rfns h'g ;~rfnssf]
kb l/Qm eO{ lgo'Qm ePsf] xf] ;f]
;~rfnssf] afFsL kbfjlw;Ddsf] nflu
dfq x'g]5 .
-@_ kbfjlw ;dfKt eO{ ;~rfnssf] kbaf6
cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ JolQm ;~rfnssf] kbdf k'gM lgo'Qm
x'g ;Sg]5 .
@!= ;~rfnssf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf M -!_ ;~rfnsn]
a}7sdf pkl:yt eP afkt kfpg] a}7s eQf, kfl/>lds
/ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd ubf{sf] kfl/>lds tyf
cGo ;'ljwf lgodfjnLdf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ ;~rfnsn] pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPafx]s s'g}
;'ljwf lnPsf] ePdf o; P]g adf]lhd s;"/ u/]sf] dfgL
To:tf] ;'ljwf afkt lnPsf] /sd lghaf6 c;"npk/ u/L
lng'kg]{5 .
@@= ;~rfnsn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ ;~rfnsn] cfk"m
;~rfnssf] ?kdf axfn u/]sf] ;ft lbgleqdf b]xfosf
s'/fsf] lnlvt hfgsf/L a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ u/fpg'
kg]{5 M–
-s_ ;DalGwt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu lgh
jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on] s'g}
lsl;dsf] s/f/ u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] eP
;f]sf] ljj/0f,
29
-v_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v, k|aGw ;~rfns, ;lrj,
n]vfk/LIfs tyf dxfk|aGwssf]
lgo'lQmsf] ;DaGwdf To:tf] lgo'lQmdf
s'g} k|sf/sf] :jfy{ jf ;/f]sf/ eP ;f]sf]
ljj/0f,
-u_ lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/n] ;DalGwt a}Í
jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] d'Vo jf
;xfos sDkgLdf lnPsf] z]o/ jf
l8a]Gr/sf] ;+Vofsf] ljj/0f,
-3_ lgh s'g} sDkgLsf] ;~rfns eP ;f]sf]
ljj/0f,
-ª_ lghsf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:o ;DalGwt
a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kbflwsf/Lsf]
x}l;otdf sfd ul//xsf] eP ;f]sf]
ljj/0f,
-r_ ;~rfnsn] ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'
kg]{ egL /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] cGo
ljj/0f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hfgsf/L u/fpFbf
;~rfns jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] aLrdf s'g}
lnlvt ;Demf}tf ePsf]df To:tf] ;Demf}tf / ;Demf}tf
gePdf sf/f]af/ jf ljQLo :jfy{ jf ;+nUgtf;Fu
;DalGwt d'Vo / cfjZos s'/f v'nfOPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
30
 -#_ ;~rfnsn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbPsf]
hfgsf/L] ;ft lbgleq /fi6« a}Ídf lbg' kg]{5 / /fi6«
a}Ín] To:tf] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]kl5 ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu
v8f u/]sf] 5'§} /lhi6/df clen]v u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
@#= ;ldltsf] a}7s M -!_ ;ldltsf] a}7s jif{df sDtLdf
afx|k6s a:g' kg]{5 .
t/ b'O{j6f a}7ssf] aLrsf] km/s b'O{ dlxgfeGbf
a9L x'g] 5}g .
-@_ sDtLdf Ps ltxfO{ ;~rfnsn] lnlvt
cg'/f]w u/]df cWoIfn] h'g;'s} avt a}7s af]nfpg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf cWoIfn] ug]{5 .
cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;~rfnsx?n] cfk"mdWo]
ax'dtaf6 5fg]sf] s'g} Pshgf ;~rfnsn] ;ldltsf]
a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .
-$_ a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/
k|fKt s'n ;~rfnssf] ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf PsfpGg k|ltzt
;~rfns pkl:yt geO{ ;ldltsf] a}7s a:g] 5}g .
-%_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] lg0f{o dfGo
x'g]5 / cWoIfn] dt a/fa/ ePdf dfq lg0ff{os dt lbg
;Sg]5 .
31
-^_ s'g} ;~rfnssf] lghL :jfy{ ePsf] s'g}
k|:tfjpk/ a}7sdf 5nkmn x'Fbf ;f] a}7sdf ;f]
;~rfnsn] efu lng kfpg] 5}g .
-&_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;~rfnssf] gfd,
5nkmn ePsf] ljifo / tT;DaGwdf ePsf] lg0f{osf]
ljj/0f -dfOGo"6_ 5'§} lstfadf clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f]
clen]vdf a}7sdf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ;~rfnsn] ;xL
u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
t/ s'g} ljifodf 5nkmn ubf{ s'g} ;~rfnsn]
lg0f{osf] ljk/Lt jf To:tf] lg0f{o x'g] s'/feGbf km/s
ljrf/ /fv]df ;f]xL s'/f lghn] clen]vdf pNn]v ug{
;Sg]5 .
@$= ;~rfnssf] hjfkmb]xL / bfloTj M -!_ ;~rfnsn] a}Í
jf ljQLo ;+:yf dfk{mt jf a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf JolQmut kmfObf lng] s'g} sfd ug{
x'Fb}g .
-@_ s'g} JolQm ;~rfns lgo'Qm ePkl5 sfo{ef/
;DxfNg'eGbf klxn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/df jf
a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf jf ;+nUgtfdf
lghsf] lghL jf ljQLo :jfy{ eP To:tf] s'/f ;ldltnfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/sf]
l;nl;nfdf s'g} ;~rfnsn] JolQmut kmfObf lnPsf]
kfOPdf ;f] /sd a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf]
;~rfnsaf6 c;"npk/ ul/lng]5 .
32

-$_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfnssf]
x}l;otn] sfd ug]{ JolQmn] cfˆgf] clwsf/If]q gf3L
u/]sf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL k|lt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf
pQ/bfoL x'g] 5}g .
-%_ ;~rfnsn] cfˆgf] JolQmut lxtsf nflu jf
a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpgsf] lgldQ
s'g} sf/f]af/ ug{ nfu]sf] xf] eGg] hfgL hfgL jf ljZjf;
ug]{ sf/0f eP/ klg s;}n] To:tf] ;~rfns jf
k|ltlglw;Fu s'g} sf/f]af/ u/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] JolQmn] a}Í
jf ljQLo ;+:yfpk/ To:tf] sf/f]af/sf] ;DaGwdf s'g}
bfjL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-^_ ;~rfnsn] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
Joj:yfkgsf] b}lgs sfd sf/afxLdf x:tIf]k ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-&_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;~rfnsn] kfngf
ug'{ kg]{ u/L /fi6« a}Ín] ;do ;dodf lbPsf lgb]{zgnfO{
a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;~rfnsn] kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .
@%= ;~rfnssf] nut M k|To]s a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfˆgf] ;~rfnssf] JolQmut ljj/0f Pp6f 5'§} lstfadf
n]vL /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] ;DaGwL ljj/0f / ;~rfns
cbnabn ePdf To;sf] ;"rgf ;d]t kGw| lbgleq /fi6«
a}Ídf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
33
@^= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm / ;]jfsf] zt{ M -!_ ;ldltn]
o; P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ug]{5 .
-@_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ubf{ s'g} ljifodf
sDtLdf :gfts pkflw xfl;n u/L a}lÍË, ljQLo jf
;+ul7t If]qsf] sfo{sf/L tx jf ;~rfns kbdf sDtLdf
kfFr jif{sf] cg'ej ePsf] JolQmdWo]af6 of]Uo JolQmnfO{
lgo'lQm ug'{ kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æsfo{sf/L
txÆ eGgfn] s'g} ;/sf/L, a}lÍË, ljQLo, ;+ul7t If]q jf
cGt/f{li6«o ljQLo ;+3, ;+:yfsf] clws[t txsf] jf ;f]
;/x jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] kbnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|d'v
k|zf;s x'g]5 .
-$_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kbfjlw a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf]
x'g]5 / lghsf] k'glg{o'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 .
-%_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf] cGo
zt{ ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@&= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ sfo{sf/L
k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o nfu" ug]{ / o; P]g,
k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL
a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/afxL
34
 tyf sf/f]af/sf] /]vb]v / lgoGq0f ug]{,
-v_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s ah]6 /
sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu
;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug]{,
-u_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L
ljlgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZos
hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ug]{,
-3_ ;ldlt / ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f ul/Psf
lg0f{o / /fi6« a}Íåf/f lgb]{lzt s'/fx?
sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg],
-ª_ of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf]
cwLgdf /xL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6«
a}Í jf cGo s'g} lgsfodf k]z ug'{ kg]{
ljj/0f, sfuhft, lg0f{o cflb
oyf;dodf k]z ug]{,
-r_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;~rfng ug]{
;DaGwdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo
sfo{x? ug]{ .
-@_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v cfˆgf] sfdsf] lgldQ
;ldltk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .
35
kl/R5]b–$
Ohfhtkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@*= a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf afx]s cGo s;}n] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{
gkfpg] M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yflkt a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yf afx]s cGo s;}n] klg o; P]g adf]lhdsf] ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
t/, k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yfkgf eO{ g]kfn
/fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%* adf]lhd /fi6« a}Íaf6 lgIf]k lng
jf shf{ lbg :jLs[lt kfPsf a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf
afx]ssf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] To:tf] sf/f]af/ ug{ afwf k'u]sf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ s;}n] klg /fi6« a}Ísf] :jLs[lt glnO{ ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd
k|of]u ug{ x'Fb}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
ePtfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] s'g}
a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf] sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[lt k|fKt
ubf{sf avt sfod /x]sf] gfd k|of]u u/L ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg ævÆ, æuÆ tyf æ3Æ ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] qmdzM ljsf; a}Í, ljQ sDkgL tyf n3' ljQ
ljsf; a}Í eGg] gfd k|of]u ug{ kfpg]5g\ .
36

-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd :jLs[ltk|fKt a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ubf{ kfngf ug'{ kg]{
zt{x? /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@(= ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ M
-!_ o; P]g adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ rfxg] a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf]
9fFrfdf /fi6« a}Í ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbOg] lgj]bgsf ;fydf
a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6« a}Ín] Ohfhtkqsf nflu
tf]lslbPsf] b:t'/ / b]xfosf ljj/0f tyf sfuhft ;d]t
;+nUg u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 M–
-s_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq,
lgodfjnL tyf a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf btf{
ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk,
-v_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{ cfjZos ;a} k"jf{wf/
tof/ ePsf] sfof{no ejgsf] ljj/0f jf
ejg ef8fdf lng] eP axfn ;DaGwL
;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk / ef8fdf lng]
ejgsf] ljj/0f,
-u_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v
tyf cGo sfo{sf/L txsf kbflwsf/Lsf]
JolQmut ljj/0f / a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf,
37
-3_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{
/ ;'ljwf ;DaGwL ljlgod,
-ª_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] shf{ gLlt,
-r_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfly{s k|zf;g
;DaGwL ljlgod,
-5_ shf{ ckn]vg ;DaGwL ljlgod,
-h_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfksn] lng
sa"n u/]sf] z]o/sf] /sd r'Stf eO{
/fi6« a}Ídf hDdf u/]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g]
sfuhft,
-em_ /fi6« a}Ín] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf]
cGo ljj/0f tyf sfuhftx? .
-#_ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq lngsf nflu
/fi6« a}Í ;dIf lgj]bg lbg] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
b]xfosf s'/f ;d]t lgj]bg;fy pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u?~h]n /fi6«
a}Ín] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbP adf]lhdsf]
Go"gtd k'FhL sfod /fVg] s'/f,
-v_ /fi6« a}Í ;Gt'i6 x'g] u/L a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/
tof/ u/L ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{
;Sg] kof{Kt cfwf/ /x]sf] s'/f,
38
 -u_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{sf nflu k|:tfj u/]sf]
ljlgod tyf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ;DaGwL
Joj:yfaf6 ljQLo sf/f]af/ lgoldt
?kdf ;~rfng eO{ lgIf]kstf{sf] xs
lxt ;+/If0f x'g] s'/f,
-3_ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{sf nflu /fi6« a}Ín]
tf]s]sf zt{x? kfngf ug]{ s'/fsf] d+h'/L .
#)= ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg] M bkmf @( adf]lhd
lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;~rfng ug{
cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/fdf
cfjZos hfFra'em u/L /fi6« a}Í ;Gt'i6 ePdf /fi6«
a}Ín] To:tf] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ bkmf #! adf]lhdsf]
juL{s/0fsf] cfwf/df sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ s'g} Ps
ju{sf] Ohfhtkq lbg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq lb+bf :j:y
k|lt:kwf{Tds / ljQLo dWo:ytf ;DaGwL
sf/f]af/ k|efjsf/L eO{ lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt x'G5
eGg] nfu]df,
-v_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod,
ljlgod jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ePsf cfb]z jf
lgb]{zg tyf k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf cwLgdf
/xL ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ ;Ifd 5 eGg]
nfu]df,
-u_ bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqsf]
39
nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg ljj/0f tyf
sfuhft cg';f/ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Ifd 5 egL ljZjf; ug]{ kof{Kt
cfwf/ ePdf .
#!= Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] juL{s/0f M -!_ bkmf $&
adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ bkmf #) adf]lhd lbg]
Ohfhtkqsf] nflu cfjZos x'g] Go"gtd r'Qmf k'FhLsf]
cfwf/df /fi6« a}Ín] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?nfO{ æsÆ,
ævÆ, æuÆ, / æ3Æ ju{df juL{s/0f u/L ;f]xL adf]lhdsf]
Ohfhtkq ;DalGwt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd juL{s/0f ul/Psf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Go"gtd r'Qmf k'FhL /fi6« a}Ín]
tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
#@= ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg OGsf/ ug{
;lsg] M -!_ bkmf #) df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg /fi6« a}Ín] b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg
OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ a}Í jf ljQLo If]qsf] ljBdfg cj:yf /
;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{ yk a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ Ohfhtkq lbg pko'St
gb]lvPdf,
-v_ v08 -s_ sf] cj:yf x]/L lgIf]kstf{sf]
lxt ;+/If0fsf] lgldQ ljQLo sf/f]af/
40
 ;~rfng ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg plrt /
pko'Qm gb]lvPdf,
-u_ bkmf @( / #) sf ljj/0f jf s'/fx? k"/f
ePsf] gb]lvPdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug]{ Ohfhtkq lbg
g;lsg] cj:yf ePdf /fi6« a}Ín] ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{
lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] Ps ;o aL; lbgleq ;DalGwt a}Í
jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . ;f] cjlwleq
/fi6« a}Ín] yk ljj/0f dfu u/]sf] eP To:tf] ljj/0f
k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] gAa] lbgleq To:tf] ;"rgf lbg'
kg]{5 .
##= /fi6« a}Ín] zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf #) adf]lhd
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq k|bfg ubf{ ljBdfg a}Í
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cj:yf, ljQLo sf/f]af/sf] :j:y
;~rfng tyf lgIf]kstf{sf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL /fi6«
a}Ín] cfjZos zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . o:tf] zt{sf] kfngf
ug'{ ;DalGwt a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] zt{df /fi6«
a}Ín] cfjZostf cg';f/ a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
cj:yf, ljQLo sf/f]af/sf] :j:y ;~rfng tyf
lgIf]kstf{sf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL yk36 tyf x]/k]m/
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#$= ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sfof{no vf]Ng] ;DaGwL
ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ s'g} ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
41
g]kfn /fHoleq cfˆgf] sfof{no vf]Ng rfx]df /fi6« a}Ín]
tf]lslbPsf] ljj/0f / b:t'/ ;lxt /fi6« a}Ídf lgj]bg
lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt x'g cfPdf
/fi6« a}Ín] a}lÍË If]qdf ljBdfg k|lt:kwf{, ljb]zL a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fHosf a}lÍË ljsf;df k'¥ofpg
;Sg] of]ubfg / To:tf] ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
Voflt / k|lti7f ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L To:tf] a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ g]kfn /fHodf cfˆgf] sfof{no :yfkgf
u/L ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkq k|bfg ubf{
/fi6« a}Ín] cfjZostf cg';f/ zt{x? tf]Sg ;Sg]5 /
o;/L tf]s]sf zt{x? kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt ljb]zL a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt u/L
;+:yfkgf x'g] ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ljQLo
sf/f]af/sf ;DaGwdf o; P]gsf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .
t/ ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw jf
;Dks{ sfof{nosf] sfd sf/afxLsf] xsdf /fi6« a}Ín]
tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd g]kfn /fHodf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug]{ u/L cfˆgf] sfof{no vf]Ng :jLs[lt kfPsf]
ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ g]kfn /fHoleq ;+o'Qm
42
 nufgLdf csf]{ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jLs[lt lbOg]
5}g .
#%= Ohfhtkqsf] lgnDag tyf vf/]hL M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf ;f]
cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod ljk/Lt sfd u/]df jf
/fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] kfngf gu/]df jf
lgIf]kstf{sf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL cfk"mn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd
gu/]df /fi6« a}Ín] lglZrt cjlw tf]sL To:tf]
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] o; P]g adf]lhd ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{ k|fKt u/]sf] Ohfhtkq lgnDag ug{ jf
To:tf] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jf To;sf] s'g} sfof{nosf]
sf/f]af/ k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf /f]Ssf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ /fi6« a}Ín] b]xfosf cj:yfdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] o; P]g adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{
k|fKt u/]sf] Ohfhtkq vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ Ohfhtkq vf/]hLsf] nflu ;DalGwt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cg'/f]w u/]df,
-v_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] 5
dlxgfleq ljQLo sf/f]af/ gu/]df,
-u_ nuftf/ Ps dxLgfeGbf a9L cjlwb]lv
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ aGb u/]df,
-3_ lgIf]kstf{sf] xs lxt ljk/Lt x'g] u/L
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]df,
43
-ª_ g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf
;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod tyf ljlgodsf]
pNn+3g u/]df,
-r_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] zt{ pNn+3g
u/]df,
-5_ /fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf]
kfngf gu/]df,
-h_ ;fx"sf] C0f ltg{ g;sL bfdf;fxLdf
k/]df,
-em_ e'm7f] ljj/0f k]z u/L a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] kfOPdf,
-`_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf cGo a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf uflePdf .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] Ohfhtkq vf/]h ug{ /fi6« a}Í
;dIf /Ltk"j{s lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf] lgj]bg lbPsf]
k}+tfln; lbgleq /fi6« a}Ín] ;f]pk/ lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{osf] lnlvt
;"rgf / To:tf] lg0f{osf] cfwf/ ;DalGwt a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd Ohfhtkq /2 ug]{ lg0f{o
u/]sf]df ;f]sf] ;"rgf /fi6« a}Ín] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf
k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
44

#^= tNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf dflyNnf] ju{sf]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sg] M -!_ b]xfosf]
cj:yf k"/f u/]sf] tNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf
/fi6« a}Ísf] :jLs[lt lnP/ dflyNnf] ju{sf]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ dflyNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf
nflu /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] k'FhL ePsf],
-v_ ljut kfFr jif{b]lv nuftf/ gfkmf ug{
;Ifd ePsf],
-u_ s'n lgliqmo shf{ -gg\k/km/ldË nf]g_
/fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] ;Ldfleq /x]sf],
-3_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf ;a} zt{x? k"/f
u/]sf] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ePdf
;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] dflyNnf] ju{sf] ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{ cfˆgf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg ug'{
kg]{ /x]5 eg] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;+zf]wg u/L
dflyNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ug{ o; P]g adf]lhd
/fi6« a}Í ;dIf lgj]bg ug'{ kg]{5 .
#&= dflyNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf tNnf] ju{sf]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g] M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yf k"/f gug]{ æsÆ ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf ævÆ
ju{df / ævÆ ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf æuÆ ju{df
45
kl/0ft x'g] u/L /fi6« a}Ín] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] cjlwleq tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] k'FhL gk'¥ofPsf],
-v_ ljut kfFr jif{b]lv nuftf/ gf]S;fgLdf
/x]sf],
-u_ /fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf] lgb]{zg k6s k6s
pNn+3g u/L sf/afxLdf k/]sf],
-3_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s] adf]lhd hf]lvd Joxf]g]{
sf]if sfod ug{ g;s]sf] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ sf/afxL ug'{eGbf cuf8L /fi6« a}Ín] To:tf] a}Í
jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ To:tf] sf/afxLsf] lj?4 ;kmfO{ k]z
ug]{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ dflyNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] tNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf
kl/0ft x'g rfxL :jLs[ltsf nflu /fi6« a}Ídf lgj]bg
lbPdf /fi6« a}Ín] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L :jLs[lt k|bfg
u/]df To:tf] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yf tNnf] ju{sf]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g]5 .
#*= t/n ;DklQ sfod ug'{ kg]{ M lgIf]k ;+sng ug]{ jf shf{
k|jfx ug]{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbP
adf]lhdsf] t/n ;DklQ sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
46
#(= Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;"rL k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ /fi6«
a}Ín] cfly{s jif{sf] k|To]s tLg dlxgfdf ljQLo sf/f]af/
ub}{ cfPsf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;"rL /fli6«o:t/sf]
kqklqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;"rL k|sfzg ubf{
To:tf ;+:yfn] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] ldlt tyf
k|To]s ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k'FhLsf] ljj/0f ;d]t cnu cnu
b]lvg] u/L k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–%
k'FhL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
$)= k'FhL sfod /fVg'kg]{ M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
Go"gtd clws[t k'FhL, hf/L k'FhL tyf r'Qmf k'FhL /fi6«
a}Ín] ;do ;dodf tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ of] P]g k|f/De xF'bfsf avt sfod /x]sf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] cjlwleq
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k'FhLut ;+/rgf sfod ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] cjlwleq pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhdsf] k'FhL gk'¥ofpg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] To:tf]
k'FhL gk'¥ofP;Dd nfef+z 3f]if0ff ug{ jf afF8\g kfpg]
5}g .
$!= k'FhL j[l4 ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ /fi6« a}Ín] pko'Qm b]v]df
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] clws[t
47
k'FhL, hf/L k'FhL / r'Qmf k'FhL a9fpg lgb]{zg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /fi6« a}Ín] lgb]{zg
lbPdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] clws[t k'FhL, hf/L
k'FhL tyf e'QmfgL k'FhL j[l4 ug'{ kg]{5 .
$@= k'FhLsf]if M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] s'n
;DklQ jf s'n hf]lvdefl/t ;DklQsf] cfwf/df /fi6«
a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] cg'kftdf k'FhLsf]if sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhdsf] k'FhLsf]if sfod ug{ g;s]df ;ldltn] k}+tL;
lbgleq ;f]sf] hfgsf/L /fi6« a}ÍnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L
lbPsf] hfgsf/Ldf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm k'FhLsf]if sfod
/xg g;s]sf] sf/0f tyf k'FhLsf]ifnfO{ j[l4 u/L klxn]s}
cj:yfdf Nofpg ;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] of]hgf jf
sfo{qmd ;d]t ;+nUg u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt
ePkl5 /fi6« a}Ín] ;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] of]hgf jf
sfo{qmd dgfl;a b]v]df ;f]xL adf]lhd / To;df s'g}
;+zf]wg jf x]/k]m/ ug'{ k/]df ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ k|:tfljt
of]hgf jf sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg jf x]/k]m/ u/L sfof{Gjog
ug{ ;DalGwt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg]5 .
-$_ s'g} a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; bkmf
adf]lhdsf] bfloTj k"/f gu/]df jf tTsfn ug{ ;Sg]
gb]lvPdf /fi6« a}Ín] To:tf] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ bkmf
#& adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
48

-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg /fi6« a}Ín] ;do ;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zg ;~rfns
;ldltn] kfngf gu/]sf] jf ;~rfns jf sfo{sf/L
k|d'vsf] å]ifk"0f{ nfk/jfxL jf ablgotn] ;DalGwt a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k'FhLsf]if pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfod x'g
g;s]sf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ;~rfns jf sfo{sf/L
k|d'vnfO{ /fi6« a}Ín] ljuf] adf]lhd;Dd hl/afgf ug{
;Sg]5 / ;~rfns jf sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] To:tf] sfo{af6
k'FhLsf]if sfod /xg g;ls xflg gf]S;fgL ePsf] /x]5
eg] ;f] /sd c;"npk/ ug{ /fi6« a}Í, ;DalGwt a}Í jf
ljQLo ;+:yf jf To:tf] a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf
k'FhLsf] kfFr k|ltzt;Dd z]o/ lnPsf z]o/wgLn] PSn}
jf ;fd'lxs ?kdf lghpk/ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
cbfntdf ph"/ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
$#= hf]lvd Joxf]g]{ sf]if M Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] s'n
;DklQ / jf;nftaflx/sf] sf/f]af/sf] bfloTj ;DaGwL
hf]lvdnfO{ vfDg ;Sg] u/L /fi6« a}Ín]
tf]lslbPadf]lhdsf] cg'kftdf hf]lvd Joxf]g]{ sf]if /fVg'
kg]{5 .
$$= ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] Ps
;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if sfod /fVg' kg]{5 . To:tf] hu]8f
sf]ifdf e'QmfgL k'FhLsf] bf]Aa/ geP;Dd k|To]s jif{sf]
v'b gfkmfaf6 sDtLdf aL; k|ltzt /sd yKb} hfg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfsf] hu]8f sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd /fi6« a}Ísf] k"j{
49
:jLs[lt glnO{ cGo zLif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug{ jf nufgL
ug{ kfOg]5}g .
$%= ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]if M -!_ ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ ug]{
Ohfhtkq kfPsf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] k|To]s cfly{s
jif{df ef/tLo ?k}ofFF afx]s cGo ljb]zL d'b|fsf] ljlgdo
b/df kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0faf6 cfh{g u/]sf] k'gd{"NofÍg
d'gfkmfnfO{ ;f]xL cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf gfkmf–gf]S;fg
lx;fadf cfjZos lx;fa ldnfg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L
gfkmf–gf]S;fg lx;fadf lx;fa ldnfg ubf{ s'g} cfly{s
jif{df k'gd"{NofÍg cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 eg] To:tf]
d'gfkmfsf] sDtLdf kRrL; k|ltzt /sd ;6xL ;dLs/0f
sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ ef/tLo ?k}ofFsf] ljlgdo b/df kl/jt{g
ePsf] sf/0faf6 x'g] k'gd"{NofÍg gfkmf–gf]S;fgLsf] xsdf
/fi6« a}Ín] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]ifdf
hDdf ePsf] /sd ljb]zL d'b|fsf] cjd"Nog ePsf]
sf/0faf6 x'g] gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg ug{ afx]s /fi6« a}Ísf]
:jLs[lt glnO{ cGo sfddf vr{ ug{ jf /sdfGt/ ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
$^= nfef+z afF8\gdf aGb]h M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]
;Dk"0f{ k|f/lDes vr{, cl3Nnf] jif{;Dd x'g uPsf]
gf]S;fgL, k'FhLsf]if, hf]lvd Joxf]g]{ sf]if / ;fwf/0f
hu]8fsf]ifdf bkmf $$ adf]lhd 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ /sd k"/f
gu/];Dd / ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/ laqmL
50
 ljt/0f u/L dfu /sd k"0f{ ?kdf r'Qmf geP;Dd
z]o/wgLx?nfO{ nfef+z 3f]if0ff ug{ jf afF8\g kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] nfef+z 3f]if0ff tyf
ljt/0f ug'{ cufj} /fi6« a}Ísf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–^
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf
$&= Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ug{ ;Sg] ljQLo sf/f]af/ M -!_
of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL æsÆ
ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ Aofh jf lagf Aofhdf lgIf]k :jLsf/
ug]{ tyf To:tf] lgIf]ksf] e'QmfgL lbg],
-v_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbP adf]lhd shf{ lbg],
-u_ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ljb]zL
ljlgdo sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-3_ xfo/ kr]{h, xfOkf]lys]zg, lnlhË,
xfpl;Ë, tyf ;]jf Joj;fosf] nflu
shf{ lbg],
-ª_ /fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL
dr]{06 a}lÍË sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-r_ cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf;Fu ldnL
;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf] ljefhg
51
-kf/L kf;'_ ug]{ u/L cfk;df ePsf]
;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg]
lbnfpg] Joj:yf ug]{,
-5_ cfˆgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq hf/L
ug]{ / ;f] afkt u|fxs;Fu cfjZos zt{
u/fpg], ;'/If0f lng], lghsf] rn crn
;DklQ lwtf]aGws lng] jf t];|f] JolQmsf]
h]yf hdfgt lng],
-h_ :jb]zL jf ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
hdfgtdf shf{ lbg],
-´_ k|tLtkq, ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s,
ofq' r]s, 8«fˆ6 jf cGo ljQLo pks/0f
lgisfzg ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{, e'QmfgL lbg],
l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf vl/b laqmL ug]{,
-`_ /fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL
6]lnkmf]g, 6]n]S;, ˆofS;, sDKo'6/ jf
DofUg]l6s 6]k jf cGo To:t} k|sf/sf
ljB'tLo pks/0f jf ;fwgsf] dfWodaf6
lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL lbg], /sdfGt/ ug]{,
-6_ /fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL
q]ml86 sf8{, 8]la6 sf8{, rfh{ sf8{
nufotsf cGo ljQLo pks/0fx? hf/L
ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{ / ;f] ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{
Ph]06 lgo'Qm ug]{,
52
-7_ c6f]d]6]8 6]n/ d]lzg / Sof; l8:k]lG;Ë
d]lzgsf] dfWodaf6 lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL
lbg] / shf{ lbg],
-8_ cfk"mn] kTofPsf] JolQmnfO{ clwljsif{
shf{ lbg],
-9_ cfk"msxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn
crn ;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd
k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6s k6s u/L shf{
lbg] jf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf
lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] k'gM
lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd
k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6s k6s u/L shf{
lbg],
-0f_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] zt{df /fi6« a}Ísf]
Ph]06 eO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6
;/sf/L sf/f]af/ nufot cGo sf/f]af/
ug]{,
-t_ g]kfn /fHoleq jf ljb]zdf ljlgdokq,
r]s jf cGo ljQLo pks/0fåf/f /sd
k7fpg] jf rnfg ug]{, ;'g, rfFbL, z]o/,
l8a]Gr/, a08 cflb vl/b laqmL ug]{ /
z]o/sf] nfef+z tyf k|lt1fkq, l8a]Gr/,
a08 cflbsf] Aofh c;"npk/ ug]{,
-y_ u|fxssf] lgldQ sldzg Ph]06 eO{
z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] lhDdf lng],
53
vl/b laqmL ul/lbg], z]o/sf] nfef+z,
l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] Aofh cflb p7fO{
lbg] / ;f] sf] nfef+z, d'gfkmf jf Aofh
g]kfn /fHoleq jf ljb]zdf ;d]t
k7fpg],
-b_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6« a}Ín] hf/L u/]sf]
C0fkq vl/b laqmL ug]{ jf ;sf/ ug]{,
-w_ ;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6sf] Joj:yf ug]{,
-g_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] zt{df
jf;nftaflx/sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-k_ ljkGg ju{, Go"g cfo ePsf kl/jf/, b}jL
k|sf]k kLl8t tyf d'n'ssf s'g} If]qsf
afl;Gbfsf] cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu
JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs hdfgLdf /fi6«
a}Ín] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] /sd;Dd shf{
lbg],
-km_ cfk"m tyf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6
shf{ lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f,
;"rgf jf hfgsf/L /fi6« a}Í jf s'g}
cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaLr lng] lbg],
-a_ cGo s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6
cfˆgf] u|fxsnfO{ shf{ pknAw u/fpg
hdfgL a:g],
-e_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] ;Ldfleq /xL
54
 z]o/ l8a]Gr/, a08, C0fkq, artkq, ug]{,
jf cGo ljQLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6
k'FhL kl/rfng ug]{, -;_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf cGo sfd ug]{ .

-d_ cfjZostfg';f/ /fi6« a}Íaf6 k'gs{hf{ -@_ of] P]g tyf k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL ævÆ ju{sf]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
lng] jf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6
shf{ lng]lbg], -s_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] ;Ldfleq /xL Aofh
jf lagf Aofhdf lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug]{ tyf
-o_ kl/of]hgf :yfkgf, ;~rfng / d"NofÍg To:tf] lgIf]ksf] e'QmfgL lbg],
;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ;j]{If0f ug]{
u/fpg] tyf tfnLd, k/fdz{ / cGo -v_ xfOkf]lys]zg shf{ afx]s tf]lsP
hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg], adf]lhd cGo shf{ lbg],
-/_ kl/of]hgfsf] k|j4{gsf nflu g]kfn -u_ k|rlnt sfg"g tyf /fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf]
;/sf/ jf cGo :jb]zL jf ljb]zL lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL ljb]zL ljlgdo
lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ePsf] /sd shf{sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{,
?kdf k|jfx ug]{ jf shf{sf] Aoj:yfkg
ug]{, -3_ xfo/ kr]{h, lnlhË, xfpl;Ë, tyf ;]jf
Joj;fosf] nflu shf{ lbg],
-n_ s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ lb+bf jf
lgh;Fu s'g} sf/f]af/ ubf{ cfˆgf] lxtsf] -ª_ /fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL
;+/If0fsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ zt{ dr]{06 a}lÍË sf/f]af/ ug]{,
u/fpg],
-r_ cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?;Fu ldnL
-j_ cfˆgf] rn crn hfoh]yf lwtf] /fvL ;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf]
shf{ lng], ljefhg
-kf/L kf;'_ ug]{ u/L cfk;df ePsf]
-z_ ;ldltn] agfPsf] ljlgodsf] cwLgdf ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg],
/xL shf{ ckn]vg ug]{, lbnfpg] Joj:yf ug]{,
-if_ cfˆgf] hfoh]yfsf] plrt k|aGw jf laqmL

55 56
-5_ :jb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hdfgtdf
shf{ lbg],
-h_ cfˆgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq hf/L
ug]{ / ;f] afkt u|fxs;Fu cfjZos zt{
u/fpg], ;'/If0f lng], lghsf] rn crn
;DklQ lwtf]aGws lng] jf t];|f] JolQmsf]
h]yf hdfgt lng],
-em_ ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s, ofq'r]s,
8«fˆ6 jf x'08L hf/L ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{,
e'QmfgL lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf vl/b
laqmL ug]{,
-`_ c6f]d]6]8 6]n/ d]lzg / Sof; l8:k]lG;Ë
d]lzgsf] dfWodaf6 lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL
lbg] / shf{ lbg],
-6_ cfk"mn] kTofPsf] JolQmnfO{ clwljsif{
shf{ lbg],
-7_ cfˆgf] rn crn hfoh]yf lwtf] /fvL
shf{ lng],
-8_ cfk"msxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn
crn ;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd
k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6s k6s u/L shf{
lbg] jf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf
lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] k'gM
lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd
57
k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6s k6s u/L shf{
lbg],
-9_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL
k|tLtkq lgisfzg tyf :jLsf/ ug]{,
-0f_ g]kfn /fHoleq ljlgdokq, r]s jf cGo
ljQLo pks/0fsf] dfWodåf/f /sd
k7fpg], z]o/ jf l8a]Gr/, a08 cflb
vl/b laqmL ug]{, z]o/sf] nfef+z /
k|lt1fkq, l8a]Gr/, a08 cflbsf] Aofh
c;"npk/ ug]{,
-t_ u|fxssf] lgldQ sldzg Ph]06 eO{
z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] lhDdf lng],
vl/b laqmL ul/lbg], z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf
;'/If0fsf] nfef+z, Aofh, d'gfkmf cflb
p7fO lbg],
-y_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6« a}Ín] hf/L u/]sf]
C0fkqsf] vl/b laqmL ug]{ jf ;sf/ ug]{,
-b_ ;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6sf] Joj:yf ug]{,
-w_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] zt{df
jf;nftaflx/sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-g_ ljkGg ju{, Go"g cfo ePsf kl/jf/, b}jL
k|sf]k kLl8t tyf d'n'ssf s'g} If]qsf
afl;Gbfsf] cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu
JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs hdfgLdf /fi6«
58
 a}Ín] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] /sd;Dd shf{
lbg],
-k_ cfk"m tyf cGo s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfaf6 shf{ jf s'g} k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf
lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f ;"rgf jf
hfgsf/L /fi6« a}Í jf s'g} cGo
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaLr lng] lbg],
-km_ cGo s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6
cfˆgf] u|fxsnfO{ shf{ pknAw u/fpg
hdfgL a:g],
-a_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] ;Ldfleq /xL
z]o/, l8a]Gr/, a08, C0fkq, artkq
jf cGo ljQLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6
k'FhL kl/rfng ug]{,
-e_ cfjZostfg';f/ /fi6« a}Íaf6 k'gs{hf{
lng] jf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6
shf{ lng] lbg],
-d_ kl/of]hgfsf] k|j4{gsf nflu g]kfn
;/sf/ jf cGo :jb]zL jf ljb]zL
lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ePsf] /sd shf{sf]
?kdf k|jfx ug]{ jf shf{sf] Joj:yfkg
ug]{,
-o_ kl/of]hgf :yfkgf, ;~rfng / d"NofÍg
;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ;e]{If0f ug]{
59
u/fpg] tyf tfnLd, k/fdz{ / cGo
hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg],
-/_ ;ldltn] agfPsf] ljlgodsf] cwLgdf
/xL shf{ ckn]vg ug]{,
-n_ s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ lb+bf jf
lgh;Fu s'g} sf/f]af/ ubf{ cfˆgf] lxtsf]
;+/If0fsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ zt{
u/fpg],
-j_ s'g} klg JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg cf}hf/,
pks/0f, 3/fo;L l6sfp ;fdfg jf
To:t} cGo rn ;DklQsf] nflu
ls:tfaGbL jf xfo/kr]{h shf{ pknAw
u/fpg],
-z_ hUuf ljsf;, cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsf nflu
hUuf vl/b tyf 3/ lgdf{0f h:tf
kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ / To:tf 3/
hUufsf] laqmL ljt/0f tyf Joj:yfkg
ug]{ u/fpg],
-if_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf cGo sfd ug]{ .
-#_ of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf
/xL …uÚ ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] ;Ldfleq /xL Aofh
60
 jf lagf Aofhdf lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug]{ tyf
To:tf] lgIf]ksf] e'QmfgL lbg],
-v_ xfOkf]lys]zg shf{ afx]s tf]lsP
adf]lhd shf{ lbg],
-u_ xfo/ kr]{h, lnlhË, xfpl;Ë, ;DaGwL
sf/f]af/ tyf ;]jf Joj;fosf] nflu shf{
lbg],
-3_ dr]{06 a}lÍË sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-ª_ ;ldltn] agfPsf] ljlgodsf] cwLgdf
/xL shf{ ckn]vg ug]{,
-r_ cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf;Fu ldnL
;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf] ljefhg
-kf/L kf;'_ ug]{ u/L cfk;df ePsf]
;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg],
-5_ a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hdfgtdf shf{
lbg],
-h_ cfˆgf] rn crn hfoh]yf lwtf] /fvL
shf{ lng],
-em_ cfk"msxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn
crn ;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd
k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6s k6s u/L shf{
lbg] jf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf
lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] k'gM
61
lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd
k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6s k6s u/L shf{
lbg],
-`_ cfˆgf] hfoh]yfsf] plrt k|aGw ug]{,
laqmL ug]{ jf axfndf lbg],
-6_ ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s, ofq'r]s,
8«fˆ6 jf cGo ljQLo pks/0f hf/L ug]{,
:jLsf/ ug]{, e'QmfgL lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{
jf vl/b laqmL ug]{,
-7_ ef/tLo ?k}ofF vl/b tyf laqmL ug]{,
-8_ ljkGg ju{, Go"g cfo ePsf kl/jf/, b}jL
k|sf]k kLl8t tyf d'n'ssf s'g} If]qsf
afl;Gbfsf] cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu
JolQmut jf ;fd"lxs hdfgLdf /fi6«
a}Ín] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] /sd;Dd C0f
lbg],
-9_ cfk"m tyf cGo s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfaf6 shf{ jf s'g} k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf
lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f ;"rgf jf
hfgsf/L /fi6« a}Í jf s'g} cGo
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaLr lng] lbg] ,
-0f_ s'g} klg JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg cf}hf/,
pks/0f, 3/fo;L l6sfp ;fdfg jf
62
 To:t} cGo rn ;DklQsf] nflu
ls:tfaGbL jf xfo/kr]{h shf{ pknAw
u/fpg],
-t_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{
cfjf;Lo 3/ jf uf]bfd 3/ vl/b ug{ jf
lgdf{0f ug{ jf To:tf] cfjf;Lo 3/ jf
uf]bfd 3/ lgdf{0f ug{sf lgldQ hUuf
vl/b ug{ shf{ pknAw u/fpg],
-y_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{
;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg, cf}hf/ pks/0f,
3/fo;L l6sfp ;fdfg jf To:t} rn
;DklQ ef8fdf lng shf{ -lnlhË
kmfOgfG;_ pknAw u/fpg] jf To:tf rn
;DklQ ef8fdf lbg],
-b_ s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ lb+bf jf
lgh;Fu s'g} sf/f]af/ ubf{ cfˆgf] lxtsf]
;+/If0fsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ zt{
u/fpg],
-w_ cfˆgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq hf/L
ug]{ / ;f] afkt u|fxs;Fu cfjZos zt{
u/fpg], ;'/If0f lng], lghsf] rn crn
;DklQ lwtf]aGws lng] jf t];|f] JolQmsf]
h]yf hdfgt lng],
-g_ u|fxssf] lgldQ sldzg Ph]06 eO{
z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] lhDdf lng],
63
vl/b laqmL ul/lbg], z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf
;'/If0fsf] nfef+z, Aofh, d'gfkmf cflb
p7fO lbg],
-k_ hUuf ljsf;, cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsf nflu
hUuf vl/b tyf 3/ lgdf{0f h:tf
kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ / To:tf 3/
hUufsf] laqmL ljt/0f tyf Joj:yfkg
ug]{ u/fpg],
-km_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf cGo sfd ug]{ .
-$_ /fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL
…3Ú ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ tf]lsP adf]lhd shf{ k|bfg ug]{,
-v_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] cjlw;Dd
lgoldt ?kdf art u/L tf]lslbPsf]
art sfod /fv]sf ;d"x jf ;d"xsf
;b:onfO{ n3' Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{
s'g} rn crn ;DklQ ;'/If0f jf
hdfgt lnO{ jf glnO{ n3'shf{ lbg],
-u_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf jf :jb]zL jf
ljb]zL ;+3 ;+:yf cflbaf6 C0f jf
cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ / To:tf] C0f jf
cg'bfg n3'shf{ ljt/0fdf jf ;f]
sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] sfddf k|of]u
64
 ug]{,
t/ ljb]zL ;+3 ;+:yf cflbaf6
C0f jf cg'bfg lng'cl3 /fi6« a}Ísf]
:jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-3_ n3'shf{ pknAw u/fpg'cl3 h'g sfo{sf]
nflu shf{ dfu ePsf] xf] ;f] ;DaGwL
sfo{sf] d"NofÍg ug]{ / To:tf] sfo{sf]
;DefJotf 5, 5}g klxrfg ug]{,
-ª_ Go"g cfo ePsf JolQmsf] cfly{s
l:yltdf ;'wf/ x'g] vfnsf n3' Joj;fo
ug]{,
-r_ n3' Joj;fosf ;DaGwdf uf]i7L
;~rfng ug]{, kl/of]hgf th'{df ug{
k|lzIf0f lbg], ;xof]u ug]{, k|fljlws 1fg
lbnfpg] / cfjZostfg';f/ k|fljlws
;xof]u h'6fpg],
-5_ n3'shf{ kl/rfng ;DaGwdf ;d"xnfO{
cfjZos ;]jf k|bfg ug]{,
-h_ n3'shf{ ;dodf c;"npk/ ug]{tk{m
cfjZos sf/afxL ug]{,
-´_ n3'shf{sf] plrt k|of]u eP gePsf]
;DaGwdf cg'udg ug]{ / cg'udg ubf{
plrt k|of]u ePsf] gb]lvPdf cfjZos
lgb]{zg lbg],
65
-`_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] ;Ldfleq /xL
Aofh jf lagf Aofhdf lgIf]k :jLsf/
ug]{ tyf To:tf] lgIf]ksf] e'QmfgL lbg],
-6_ cfˆgf] rn crn hfoh]yf lwtf] /fvL
shf{ lng] tyf hfoh]yfsf] plrt k|aGw
ug]{,
-7_ ;ldltn] agfPsf] ljlgodsf] cwLgdf
/xL shf{ ckn]vg ug{],
-8_ cfk"m tyf cGo s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfaf6 shf{ jf s'g} k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf
lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f ;"rgf jf
hfgsf/L /fi6« a}Í jf s'g} cGo
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaLr lng]lbg],
-9_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf cGo sfd ug]{ .
$*= Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ug{ gx'g] sfd M -!_ Ohfhtkq
k|fKt ;+:yfn] b]xfosf sfd ug'{ u/fpg' x'Fb}g M–
-s_ Jofkf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] dfn;fdfg vl/b
laqmL ug{ jf cfˆgf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ
cfjZos k/]df afx]s crn ;DklQ
vl/b ug{,
t/ ævÆ / æuÆ ju{sf
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] bkmf $& sf]
cwLgdf /xL cfˆgf] sfd sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf 3/ hUufsf]
66
 vl/b laqmL, ljt/0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug{
o; v08n] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-v_ cfˆgf] z]o/sf] ;'/If0fdf shf{ lbg,
-u_ ;+:yfks, ;~rfns, r'Qmf k'FhLsf] Ps
k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf
JolQm, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf To:tf
JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf ;~rfns
dgf]gLt jf lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf
kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ jf
;'ljwf k|bfg ug{,
-3_ ;+:yfks, ;~rfns, r'Qmf k'FhLsf] Ps
k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf
JolQm, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf To:tf
JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf d}g]lhË
Ph]06 jf ;~rfns dgf]gLt ug]{
clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfsf] ljQLo :jfy{ ePsf] s'g} kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] shf{
jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{,
-ª_ Pp6} u|fxs, sDkgL, Ps} ;d"xsf] sDkgL
jf ;fem]bf/L kmd{nfO{ cfˆgf] k'FhLsf]ifsf]
/fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] k|ltzteGbf a9L
x'g] u/L shf{ jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{,
:ki6Ls/0f M æPs} ;d"xsf] sDkgL jf
;fem]bf/L kmd{Æ eGgfn] /fi6« a}Ín] ;do
67
;dodf tf]lslbPadf]lhdsf sDkgLx? jf
;fem]bf/L kmd{x?sf] ;d"x ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ ;+:yfks, ;~rfns jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v
hdfgt a;L s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfnfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] shf{ lbg,
-5_ /fi6« a}Íaf6 æsÆ,ævÆ / æuÆ ju{sf]
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[lt kfPsf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lwtf]kqdf
nufgL ug{,
-h_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] ;LdfeGbf a9L
/sd cGo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k'FhLdf nufgL
ug{,
-em_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx? cfk;df ldnL
ljQLo sf/f]af/df s'g} lsl;dsf]
Psflwsf/ jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf]
lgolGqt cEof; sfod ug{,
-`_ cfk"mn] gfhfoh nfe lng] lgotn]
ljQLo If]qsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds jftfj/0fdf
s[lqd cj/f]w v8f x'g] s'g} klg
lsl;dsf] sfo{ ug{,
-6_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ug{ gx'g] egL
/fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf cGo sfo{ ug{ .
68
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ / -3_ jf o;
P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn
;/sf/ jf /fi6« a}Ín] hf/L u/]sf] C0fkq jf d'2tL
/l;bsf] lwtf]df shf{ lbg / ;+:yfks, ;~rfns,
sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf Ps k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf
z]o/wgL To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] s'g} klg kbdf
axfn /x]sf] eP To:tf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf z]o/wgLnfO{
sd{rf/L ;'ljwf cGtu{tsf] shf{ ;'ljwf jf ;fk6L k|bfg
ug{ afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ u}/sfg"gL ?kaf6 /sd cfh{g u/L lgIf]k
vftfdf hDdf ug]{ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ sfg"gL
sf/afxLaf6 arfpgsf nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]
To:tf] ;DklQ n'sfpg, kl/jt{g ug{, e'QmfgL jf
/sdfGt/ ug{ jf ;f]sf] pTklQ jf ;|f]t ;DaGwL hfgsf/L
n'sfpg] jf 9fF6\g] jf ;f]sf] nflu s'g} lsl;dsf] ;xof]u
ug'{ x'Fb}g . o:tf] sfo{ u/]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPdf
jf To:tf] sfo{ eP u/]sf] z+sf nfu]df Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] ;f]sf] ljj/0f /fi6« a}Í jf d'b|f ckrng lgoGq0f
ug]{ ;DalGwt cGo lgsfonfO{ t'?Gt pknAw u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–&
lgodg, lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f
$(= lgodg ug]{ /fi6« a}Ísf] clwsf/ M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfsf] sfd sf/afxL lgodg tyf Jojl:yt ug]{ k"0f{
clwsf/ /fi6« a}Ídf lglxt x'g]5 .
69
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgodg ug]{ ;DaGwdf
/fi6« a}Ín] cfjZos b]v]sf ljifodf lgod agfpg /
cfjZos cfb]z, lgb]{zg, ;"rgf tyf kl/kq hf/L ug{
;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgod, cfb]z, lgb]{zg, ;"rgf tyf
kl/kqsf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
st{Jo x'g]5 .
%)= a}lÍË jf ljQLo Joj:yf / shf{ lgoGq0f M a}lÍË jf
ljQLo Joj:yf, d'b|f tyf shf{sf ;DaGwdf /fi6« a}Ín]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ ;do ;dodf lgb]{zg lbg
;Sg]5 . To:tf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfsf] sQ{Jo x'g]5 .
%!= Aofhb/ ;DaGwdf /fi6« a}Ín] lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M
-!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] shf{df lng] / lgIf]kdf lbg]
Aofhb/ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg ljQLo sf/f]af/nfO{ k|lt:kwf{Tds 9Ëaf6
;~rfng ug{ u/fpg cfjZos b]v]df To:tf] Aofhb/
lgwf{/0f ug]{ clwsf/ /fi6« a}Ín] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
%@= /fi6« a}Ín] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ /fi6«
a}Ín] h'g;'s} avt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] h'g;'s}
sfof{nosf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug{, u/fpg
;Sg]5 . /fi6« a}Ín] ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf
cfˆgf] s'g} clwsf/L jf cfk"mn] tf]s]sf] ljz]if1 v6fO{
:ynut -cg;fO6_ ?kdf jf lj:t[t ljj/0f tyf
70
;"rgfx? cfk"m ;dIf lemsfO{ -ckm;fO6_ o:tf] lg/LIf0f
tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lg/LIf0f tyf
;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ clwsf/L jf ljz]if1 jf /fi6« a}Ín]
dfu]sf nut, tYofÍ, ljj/0f, ;"rgf, ljB'tLo dfWodaf6
l;h{gf ul/Psf sfo{qmd, ljj/0f / ljQLo lgoGq0f
k|0ffnL jf cfjZos cGo s'g} sfuhft To:tf] clwsf/L,
ljz]if1 jf /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] ;doleq To:tf] clwsf/L,
ljz]if1 jf /fi6« a}ÍnfO{ pknAw u/fpg], x]g{ jf hfFRg
lbg] st{Jo ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf jf To:tf]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt kbflwsf/Lsf] x'g]5 .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f
ug]{ clwsf/L jf /fi6« a}Ín] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] s'g}
kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{
cfjZos b]v]sf sfd sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf lnlvt ?kdf
aofg u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lg/LIf0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f
ug]{ clwsf/Ln] To:tf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0fsf]
l;nl;nfdf cfjZos 7fg]df Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
9's'6L, ;'/If0fdf lnOPsf] uf]bfd, lx;fa lstfa, vftf
axL, >]:tf, n]vf tyf cGo sfuhftdf cfˆgf] l;n5fk
nufO{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lhDdfdf /fVg
nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ cfjZos
b]lvPsf s'g} s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf /fi6« a}Í jf lg/LIf0f tyf
71
;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{
cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . o;/L /fi6« a}Í jf
lg/LIf0f jf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf]
kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] st{Jo
x'g]5 . lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln] o;/L
lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] hfgsf/L oyfzL3| /fi6« a}ÍnfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
%#= ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug]{ lg/LIf0f M -!_ o; P]g
adf]lhd /fi6« a}Ísf] :jLs[lt lnP/ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf
zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn
/fHodf :yfkgf u/]sf cfˆgf sfof{nosf] lg/LIf0f ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljb]zL a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] u/]sf] lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] Ps k|lt /fi6« a}Í
;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
%$= Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfpk/ lgoGq0f M -!_ o; P]gdf
cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g}
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%* jf
of] P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod jf ;f]
cGtu{t hf/L ePsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] pNn+3g u/]sf]
jf /fi6« a}Ísf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f k|ltj]bgaf6
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj k"/f ug{
g;s]sf] jf g;Sg] ;Defjgf ePsf] jf a}Í jf ljQLo
;+:yf ;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng gePsf] jf z]o/wgL jf
lgIf]kstf{sf] clxt x'g] sfo{ u/]sf] s'/fdf /fi6« a}Í
ljZj:t ePdf /fi6« a}Ín] To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
72
;~rfns ;ldlt lgnDag u/L To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfnfO{ cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ /fi6« a}Ín] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g}
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPkl5 To:tf]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg cfk}+m jf s'g} pko'Qm
JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf lgo'Qm u/L ;f] dfk{mt ug{
u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ /fi6« a}Ín] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfk}+m jf
cGo s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf dfk{mt
Joj:yfkg u/] u/fPsf] Ps jif{leq ;DalGwt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ljQLo tyf Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f
u/L jf u/fO{ ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgaf6
;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{ kg]{
bfloTj k"/f ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] jf ;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng
x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] s'/fdf /fi6« a}Í ljZj:t
ePdf /fi6« a}Ín] To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] btf{
vf/]hL ug{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgaf6
;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{ kg]{
bfloTj k"/fug{ ;dy{ ePsf] jf ;'rf??kn] ;~rfng x'g]
cj:yfdf k'u]sf] s'/fdf /fi6« a}Í ljZj:t ePdf /fi6«
a}Ín] b]xfosf] sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
73
-s_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns
;ldltnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u/]sf]
lgnDag k'ms'jf u/L k'gM ;f]xL ;~rfns
;ldltnfO{ ;f] ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg lhDdf
nufpg], jf
-v_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfsf] lgnlDat ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{
avf{:t u/L Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
z]o/wgLdWo]af6 gofF ;~rfns
;ldltsf] u7g u/L ;f] ;+:yfsf]
Joj:yfkg lhDdf nufpg], jf
-u_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef
af]nfO{ ;f] ;efaf6 gofF ;~rfns
;ldltsf] u7g u/L ;f] ;+:yfsf]
Joj:yfkg lhDdf nufpg], jf
-3_ /fi6« a}Ín] pko'Qm b]v]sf] cGo s'g}
sf/afxL rnfpg] .
-^_ /fi6« a}Ín] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf lng'cl3
;DalGwt Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cj:yf x]/L kGw|
lbg;Ddsf] Dofb lbO{ cfˆgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg'
kg]{5 .
-&_ /fi6« a}Ín] o; bkmf adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfnfO{ cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf]
74
 ;Dk"0f{ vr{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] Joxf]g'{
kg]{5 .
-*_ /fi6« a}Ín] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g}
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf]
hfgsf/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ lbg]5 .
%%= ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ M Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] /fi6« a}Ín]
tf]s] adf]lhd b]xfosf] ljj/0f /fi6« a}Í ;dIf lgoldt
?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ jf;nftleq / jf;nftaflx/sf] sf/f]af/ tyf
;f];Fu ;DalGwt n]vf / cfDbfgL vr{sf] ljj/0f,
-v_ jf;nftleq / jf;nftaflx/sf ;a} k|sf/sf]
sf/f]af/sf ;DaGwdf nufOPsf] zt{ jf k|ltaGw
;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-u_ ljb]zL d'b|fsf] l:ylt, ljlgdob/ -:k6_, clu|d
ljlgdo b/ jf o:t} k|sf/sf cGo pks/0f /
ljB'tLo jf e'QmfgL k|0ffnLsf cGo k|lqmof ;DaGwL
ljj/0f,
-3_ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] cGo ljj/0f tyf sfuhft .
kl/R5]b–*
shf{ k|jfx / c;"nL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
%^= shf{ k|jfx ug{' kg]{ M -!_ /fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf] lgb]{zg tyf
;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] shf{ gLltsf] cwLgdf /xL
75
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbP adf]lhd
shf{ k|jfx ug'{ kg]5
{ .
-@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] shf{ lb+bf cfk"mnfO{
dfGo x'g] rn crn ;DklQ ;'/If0f lnO{ jf cfˆgf]
lxtsf] ;'/Iff x'g] u/L plrt hdfgtdf shf{ k|bfg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] o; bkmf adf]lhd
shf{sf] ;'/If0f afkt lnPsf] ;DklQ s'g} klg Joxf]/faf6
s;}sf gfpFdf /lhi6]«zg jf bflvn vf/]h ug{ /f]Ssf
ul/lbgsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd /lhi6«]zg jf bflvn
vf/]h /f]Ssf ul/lbgsf] nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6
n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] /lhi6«]zg jf bflvn
vf/]h /f]Ssf u/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ Go"g cfo ePsf tyf ljkGg ju{sf JolQm /
s'g} vf; ef}uf]lns If]qdf a;f]jf; ug]{ afl;Gbfsf]
cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu k|fyldstf lbOPsf ju{ tyf
If]qdf shf{ k|jfx ug{ /fi6« a}Ín] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
%&= shf{ c;"nL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf;Fu ePsf]
shf{sf] ;Demf}tf jf zt{ sa'lnotsf] kfngf gu/]df jf
lnvtsf] efsfleq Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] shf{ r'Qmf
76
gu/]df jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] hfFra'em ubf{ shf{
lnPsf] shf{ /sd h'g k|of]hgsf] nflu lnPsf] xf] ;f]
k|of]hgdf gnufPsf] jf lxgfldgf jf b'?kof]u ePsf]
b]lvPdf ;DalGwt lnvt jf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg C0fLn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfnfO{ n]lvlbPsf] jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /fv]sf]
lwtf] ;'/If0fnfO{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lnnfd laqmL
u/L jf cGo s'g} Joj:yf u/L cfˆgf] ;fjfF Aofh
c;"npk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ shf{ lng], JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0fsf]
hfoh]yfdf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f]8L lbPdf jf cGo s'g}
sf/0faf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0fsf]
df]n 36\g uPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq
To:tf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 ;f] afkt yk
lwtf] ;'/If0f /fVg nufpg ;Sg]5 . shf{ lng] JolQm,
kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf]
Dofbleq yk lwtf] ;'/If0f g/fv]df jf /fv]sf] lwtf]
;'/If0faf6 ;fjfF Aofh c;'npk/ x'g g;s]df lghsf]
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] jf lghsf] xs nfUg] cGo rn crn
;DklQaf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd cfˆgf] ;fjfF Aofh c;'npk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL jf cGo
Joj:yf u/L c;'npk/ ePsf] /sdnfO{ ;DklQ lnnfd
laqmL jf cGo Joj:yf ubf{ ePsf] vr{sf] /sd /
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;fjfF Aofhsf] /sd s§f u/L
77
afFsL /xg cfPdf To:tf] afFsL /sd ;DalGwt JolQm,
kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ lkmtf{ lbOg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]
lnnfd laqmL ubf{ lnnfd ;sfg]{ JolQmsf] gfddf ;f]
hfoh]yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd /lhi6]«zg jf bflvn
vf/]h ul/lbgsf] nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;DalGwt
sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd /lhi6«]zg jf bflvn
vf/]hsf] nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 n]vL cfPdf
k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
;DalGwt sfof{non] /lhi6«]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbg'
kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]
lwtf] ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] rn crn ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL
ubf{ s;}n] g;sf/]df To:tf] ;DklQ To:tf] ;+:yfn]
tf]lsP adf]lhd cfˆgf] :jfldTjdf lng]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]
cfˆgf] :jfldTjdf lnPsf] ;DklQ cfˆgf] gfpFdf /lhi6«]zg
jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbgsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{nodf
n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L n]vLcfPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;DalGwt sfof{non]
To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] gfddf To:tf] ;DklQ
/lhi6«]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
78
 -*_ s'g} JolQm jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lwtf]
lnnfddf ;sf/]sf] ;DklQ ;flas wgLn] ef]urng ug{
lbg OGsf/ u/]df k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ef]u rng ug{
kfpg] u/fpg ;sf/ ug]{n] cg'/f]w u/]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
;DalGwt lgsfon] cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] bkmf $& sf] pkbkmf
-!_ sf] v08 -z_, pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -/_, pkbkmf -#_
sf] v08 -ª_ / pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -7_ adf]lhd
ckn]vg u/]sf] shf{sf] c;"nL sf/afxL /f]Sg kfpg] 5}g .
-!)_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf;Fu lnPsf] shf{ ;f] shf{sf]
lnvtsf] efsfleq r'Qmf gu/L o; bkmf adf]lhd
sf/afxL rnfpFbf ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfnfO{ sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|
lnld6]8df n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-!!_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf;Fu o;
bkmf adf]lhd shf{ c;"nLsf] sf/afxL rnfpFbf ;d]t
To:tf] shf{ c;"npk/ x'g g;s]df Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] C0fL JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] ljb]zl:ylt
cGo s'g} ;DklQaf6 ;d]t To:tf] shf{ c;"npk/ ug]{
k|of]hgsf] nflu k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;DklQ /f]Ssf
/fVg] nufotsf shf{ c;"npk/ ;DaGwL sf/afxL
rnfpg ;Sg]5 .
79
-!@_ pkbkmf -!_ b]lv -*_ adf]lhd C0f
c;"nLsf ;a} sf/afxL rnfpFbf ;d]t C0f c;"nL x'g
g;s]df ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] C0fL JolQmsf]
/fxbfgL /f]Ssf tyf hkmt ug{ / /fHon] k|bfg ug]{ s'g}
;'ljwfaf6 ;DalGwt C0fLnfO{ jl~rt u/fpg] cfjZos
Joj:yfsf nflu /fi6« a}Í ;dIf cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 .
o:tf] cg'/f]w k|fKt ePkl5 /fi6« a}Ín] cfˆgf] /fo ;lxt
cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf
k7fpg]5 .
kl/R5]b–(
n]vf, clen]v, ljj/0f tyf k|ltj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
%*= lx;fa lstfa b'?:t /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] cfˆgf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf, axL, >]:tf /
n]vfsf] clen]v oyfy{ / b'?:t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvg] n]vf bf]xf]/f]
n]vf k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t ;j{dfGo l;4fGt cg'?k
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{ l:ylt :ki6
?kdf k|ltljlDat x'g] u/L /flvPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvg] n]vf /fi6« a}Ín]
cGoyf :jLs[lt lbPsf]df afx]s cfˆgf] /lhi68{
sfof{nodf /fVg' kg]{5 .
%(= jf;nft, gfkmf–gf]S;fg lx;fa / n]vfk/LIf0f M
-!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] jf;nft / gfkmf–
gf]S;fg lx;fa tyf gub k|jfx ljj/0f nufotsf cGo
80
ljQLo ljj/0f /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrf / tl/sf
cg';f/ /fVg' kg]5
{ .
-@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt
ePsf] kfFr dlxgfleq jf;nft, gfkmf–gf]S;fg lx;fa /
gub k|jfx ljj/0f nufotsf cGo ljQLo ljj/0f /fi6«
a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrf / tl/sf cg';f/ tof/ u/L
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{5 . o:tf] ljQLo ljj/0fdf
sDtLdf b'O{hgf ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v /
n]vfk/LIfssf] ;xL ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg g;Sg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]
dgfl;a sf/0f vf]nL n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] Dofb yksf]
nflu cg'/f]w u/]df /fi6« a}Ín] a9Ldf tLg dlxgfsf]
cjlw yk ul/lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ sf] cjlwleq klg n]vfk/LIf0f
u/fpg g;Sg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{
/fi6« a}Ín] n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ul/lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf]
n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] u/]sf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg
;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf / /fi6« a}Ídf lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf]
n]vfk/LIfsn] /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s] adf]lhd kfl/>lds
kfpg]5 . o;/L lgo'Qm x'g] n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ /fi6« a}Ín]
81
tf]lslbP adf]lhdsf] kfl/>lds e'QmfgL lbg' ;DalGwt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
^)= n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm M -!_ n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm a}Í
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 x'g]5 .
-@_ ;fwf/0f ;efn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ubf{ /fi6« a}Ín] :jLs[t u/]sf]
n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z /x]sf n]vfk/LIfsdWo]af6
ug'{ kg]{]5 .
t/ ;fwf/0f ;efn] Pp6} n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ nuftf/
tLgk6seGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]
5}g .
-#_ /fi6« a}Ín] :jLs[t u/]sf] n]vfk/LIfssf]
;"rLdf ;dfj]z /x]sf n]vfk/LIfsdWo]af6 ;fwf/0f
;efn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ubf{
æsÆ, ævÆ / æuÆ ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] xsdf
rf6{8{ PsfpG6]06 / æ3Æ ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
xsdf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]06 jf btf{jfnf n]vfk/LIfsnfO{
lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{]5 .
-$_ cfˆgf] st{Jo kfngf gug]{ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{
/fi6« a}Ín] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{]
n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLaf6 h'g;'s} avt x6fpg]5 .
^!= n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'Qm x'g g;Sg] M b]xfosf] JolQm jf
To:tf JolQm ;+:yfks jf lx:;]bf/ ePsf] sDkgL jf
82
kmd{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'Qm x'g / ^@= ljj/0f lbg'kg]{ M n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ qmddf n]vfk/LIfsn]
lgo'Qm eO;s]sf] eP klg axfn /xg ;Sg] 5}g M– dfu]sf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf / n]vf
nufotsf cGo ljj/0f Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] h'g;'s}
-s_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns jf lghsf] avt klg lbg' kg]{5 . ;fy} n]vfk/LIfsn] dfu]sf s'/fsf]
kl/jf/sf ;b:o, oyfy{ hjfkm ;d]t To:tf] ljj/0f lbg] lhDd]jf/L ePsf
kbflwsf/Ln] t'?Gt} lbg' kg]{5 .
-v_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L,
^#= n]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ bkmf ^)
-u_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns jf adf]lhd lgo'Qm n]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
sd{rf/L;Fu ;fe]mbf/ eO{ sfd u/]sf] JolQm, k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-3_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] cf;fdL, -@_ k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] s'/fsf] cltl/Qm
-ª_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL ck/fwdf ;hfo kfO{ kfFr n]vfk/LIfsn] cfˆgf] k|ltj]bgdf b]xfosf s'/fx? :ki6
jif{sf] cjlw Joltt eO g;s]sf] JolQm, pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M–

-r_ ;fx"sf] bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] JolQm, -s_ dfu u/]sf s'/fsf] hjfkm k|fKt eP
gePsf],
-5_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf
a9L z]o/ lnPsf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf, -v_ jf;nft, gfkmf–gf]S;fg lx;fa / gub
k|jfx ljj/0f nufotsf ljQLo ljj/0f
-h_ g}lts ktg x'g] kmf}hbf/L ck/fwdf cbfntaf6 /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] 9fFrf / tl/sf cg';f/
;hfo kfO{ kfFr jif{sf] cjlw Joltt eO{ tof/ eP gePsf] / pQm ljj/0f ;+:yfn]
g;s]sf] JolQm, /fv]sf] lx;fa lstfa, axL vftf, >]:tf
/ n]vf;Fu b'?:t /x] g/x]sf] ,
-em_ e|i6frf/ jf 7uLsf] s;"/df cbfntaf6 ;hfo
kfPsf] JolQm, -u_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lx;fa lstfa,
vftf axL, >]:tf / n]vf 7Ls;Fu /fv]
-`_ /fi6« a}Ín] :jLs[t u/]sf] n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLdf g/fv]sf],
;fdfj]z gePsf] JolQm .
-3_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] s'g} kbflwsf/Ln]

83 84
 k|rlnt sfg"g ljk/Lt s'g} sfdsfh jf -8_ cfjZos ;'emfj .
clgoldt sfo{ u/] gu/]sf] jf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] xflg gf]S;fgL ^$= k|ltj]bg k7fpg' kg]{ M -!_ n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] u/]sf]
u/] u/fPsf], n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf /
/fi6« a}Ídf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-ª_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/
;Gtf]ifk|b ?kaf6 ;~rfng eP gePsf], -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfsn] /fi6«
a}Ídf k|ltj]bg lb+bf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
-r_ k'FhLsf]if tyf hf]lvd Joxf]g]{ sf]if kof{Kt n]vfk/LIf0f;Fu ;DalGwt cGo k|ltj]bg nufot /fi6«
dfqfdf eP gePsf], a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] sfuhft ;d]t ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-5_ tf]lsP adf]lhd shf{ ckn]vg u/] ^%= n]vfk/LIfssf] :yfg l/Qm ePdf M bkmf ^) adf]lhd
gu/]sf], lgo'Qm ePsf] n]vfk/LIfssf] :yfg lghsf] d[To' eO{ jf
lghn] /fhLgfdf lbO{ jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm x'g
-h_ /fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf] lgb]{zg cg'?k sfo{ cfPdf ;flasjfnfsf] afFsL cjlw;DdnfO{ ;f] l/Qm
u/] gu/]sf], :yfgdf ;f]xL bkmfsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;ldltn] csf]{
-em_ lgIf]kstf{ / nufgLstf{sf] lxt ;+/If0f n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L ul/Psf]
x'g] sfo{ u/] gu/]sf], n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQmnfO{ To:tf] lgo'lQm kl5 nuQ} x'g]
aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ;dy{g u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-`_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfsf sfof{nox?af6
k|fKt ljj/0f n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu kof{Kt ^^= n]vfk/LIfsn] lg:;f nufpg' kg]{ M n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn]
eP gePsf], k/LIf0f u/]sf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf / n]vfdf
cfk"mn] hfFr]sf] ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L b:tvt u/L
-6_ z]o/wgLnfO{ yfxf lbg'kg]{ lghsf] lg:;f nufpg' kg]{5 .
ljrf/df nfu]sf cGo s'/fx?,
^&= n]vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>lds M n]vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>lds
-7_ n]vfk/LIfsn] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf ;fwf/0f ;efn] lgo'Qm u/]sf]df ;f] ;efn] / ;ldltn]
v'nfpg' kg]{ egL /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] lgo'Qm u/]sf]df ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
cGo ljj/0f, /

85 86
 kl/R5]b–!)
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf Ps cfk;df ufleg] Joj:yf
^*= Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf ufleg ;Sg] M o; P]g adf]lhdsf]
k|lqmof k"/f u/L Pp6f Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf csf]{
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ufleg
;Sg]5 .
^(= Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf Ps cfk;df ufEg jf ufleg
lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ M -!_ Pp6f Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf csf]{
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfdf ufEg jf ufleg rfx]df ufEg /
ufleg rfxg] b'j} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfcfˆgf]
;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ;f] ;DaGwL ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L
:jLs[ltsf] lgldQ /fi6« a}Ídf ;+o'Qm ?kdf b]xfosf s'/f
v'nfO{ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ufleg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] kl5Nnf]
cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf]
jf;nft, gfkmf–gf]S;fg lx;fa / gub
k|jfx ljj/0f nufotsf ljQLo ljj/0f
;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg,
-v_ ufEg]] / ufleg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]
C0f lnPsf] ;fx"sf] ufEg jf uflegsf]
nflu lbPsf] lnlvt ;xdlt kqsf]
k|ltlnlk,
-u_ ufleg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] rn
crn ;DklQsf] d"NofÍg / bfloTjsf]
oyfy{ ljj/0f,
87
-3_ ufleg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
sd{rf/Lsf ;DaGwdf ePsf] lg0f{osf]
k|ltlnlk,
-ª_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf Ps cfk;df
ufleg] ;DaGwdf /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]sf] cGo
cfjZos s'/f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :jLs[ltsf] nflu lgj]bg
k/]df /fi6« a}Ín] lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg sfuhft tyf
ljj/0fpk/ 5fglag u/L k}+tfln; lbgleq / lg0f{os}
l;nl;nfdf /fi6« a}Ín] s'g} ljj/0f jf sfuhft dfu]sf]
cj:yfdf yk kGw| lbgleq Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf Ps
cfk;df ufEg jf ufleg :jLs[lt lbg] jf glbg] lg0f{o
u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{
lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf ufle+bf
To;af6 ljQLo If]qdf c:j:y k|lt:kwf{sf] jftfj/0f
l;h{gf x'g] jf s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Psflwsf/
jf lgolGqt cEof; sfod x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf b]v]df /fi6«
a}Ín] To:tf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ ufEg / ufleg
:jLs[lt lbg] 5}g .
-$_ /fi6« a}Ín] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf Ps cfk;df ufEg jf ufleg
:jLs[lt lbPdf ufleg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] hfoh]yf
tyf bfloTj ufEg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf ;g]{5 .
88
 -%_ /fi6« a}Ín] uflePsf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
-^_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf ufEg] / ufleg] ;DaGwL
cGo k|lqmof ;DaGwdf /fi6« a}Ín] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-&_ /fi6« a}Ín] s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf ufEg]
;DaGwdf cfk"mn] u/]sf] lg0f{osf] Aoxf]/f ;j{;fwf/0fsf]
hfgsf/Lsf nflu lg0f{o ePsf] tL; lbgleq
/fli6«o:t/sf] kqklqsfdf sDtLdf Psk6s ;"rgf
k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–!!
s;"/ tyf b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL Joj:yf
&)= s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg] M b]xfosf] s'g} sfd u/]df o; P]g
adf]lhd s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–
-s_ s;}n] o; P]g adf]lhd Ohfhtkq glnO{ jf
Ohfhtkqsf] zt{ ljk/Lt x'g] u/L ljQLo
sf/f]af/ u/]df jf of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t
hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg ljk/Lt x'g] u/L
lgIf]k lnPdf jf shf{ lbPdf jf l8a]Gr/ jf cGo
ljQLo pks/0f hf/L u/]df jf /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s]
ljk/Lt x'g] u/L Aofh lng] lbg] u/]df jf of] P]g
jf k|rlnt sfg"g jf ;f] P]g cGtu{t hf/L
ul/Psf cfb]z jf lgb]{zg ljk/Lt ljb]zL ljlgdo
sf/f]af/ u/]df,
89
-v_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z
jf lgb]{zg adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
ljQLo sf/f]af/, lx;fa lstfa, vftf jxL, >]:tf
jf n]vfsf] uf]kgLotf sfod /fVg' kg]{ lhDd]jf/L
ePsf kbflwsf/Ln] To:tf] uf]kgLotf sfod
g/fv]df,
-u_ v08 -s_ jf -v_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s s;}n] of]
P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf
lgb]{zg pNn+3g u/]df .
&!= b08 ;hfo M -!_ b]xfosf s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ b]xfo
adf]lhd ;hfo x'g5
] M–
-s_ s;}n] o; P]g adf]lhd Ohfhtkq glnO{
ljQLo sf/f]af/ u/]df pQm sf/f]af/;Fu
;DalGwt lauf] hkmt u/L lauf]sf] tLg
u'0ff;Dd hl/afgf jf tLg jif{;Dd s}b
jf b'j} .
-v_ s;}n] o; P]g jf k|rlnt cGo sfg"g
ljk/Lt ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ u/]df
lauf]sf] tLg u'0ff;Dd hl/afgf jf tLg
jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} .
-u_ s;}n] o; P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L
ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg ljk/Lt x'g]
u/L lgIf]k lnPdf jf shf{ lbPdf jf
l8a]Gr/ jf cGo ljQLo pks/0f hf/L
u/]df jf /fi6« a}Ín] tf]s] ljk/Lt x'g]
90
 u/L Aofh lng] lbg] u/]df lauf]sf] b'O{
u'0ff;Dd hl/afgf jf b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b jf
b'j} .
-3_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf]
cfb]z jf lgb]{zg adf]lhd
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/,
lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf jf
n]vfsf] uf]kgLotf sfod /fVg' kg]{
lhDd]jf/L ePsf kbflwsf/Ln] To:tf]
uf]kgLotf sfod g/fv]df To:tf]
kbflwsf/LnfO{ kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf jf Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} .
-ª_ s;}n] bkmf &) sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf]
s;"/ u/]df lghnfO{ To:tf] s;"/;Fu
;DalGwt lauf] hkmt u/L lauf]
adf]lhd;Ddsf] hl/afgf jf Ps jif{;Dd
s}b jf b'j} .
-r_ s;}n] o; P]g ljk/Lt u/]sf] sfd
sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf lauf] hkmt u/L
lauf] sfod ug{ g;lsg] cj:yf
ePsf]df s;"/sf] dfqf x]/L a9Ldf bz
nfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf Ps jif{;Dd
s}b jf b'j} .
-@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf jf cGo s'g} JolQm,
kmd{ sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] bkmf &) adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df
To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf]
91
To:tf] s;"/ ug]{ ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ o; bkmf
adf]lhdsf] ;hfo x'g]5 .
-#_ bkmf &) adf]lhdsf] s;"/ ug{ pBf]u ug]{ jf
To:tf] s;"/ ug{ s'g} klg lsl;dn] d2t k'¥ofpg]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf jf cGo s'g} JolQm, kmd{ sDkgL
jf ;+:yfnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ df tf]lsPsf] ;hfosf]
cfwf;Dd ;hfo x'g]5 .
&@= g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] M bkmf &) df plNnlvt s;"/
;DaGwL d'2f g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL eO{ bfo/ ul/g]5 /
To:tf] d'2f ;/sf/L d'2f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf]
cg';"rL–! df ;dfj]z ePsf] dflgg]5 .
&#= /fi6« a}Ín] hfgsf/L lbg] M bkmf &) df plNnlvt s;"/
s;}n] u/]sf] hfgsf/L s'g} dfWodaf6 /fi6« a}ÍnfO{ x'g
cfPdf /fi6« a}Ín] cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu g]kfn
;/sf/ jf ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg]5 .
&$= /fi6« a}Ísf] lgodg pNn+3g u/]df x'g] ;hfo M -!_
g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t
ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod cGtu{t /fi6« a}Ín] hf/L u/]sf]
cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] pNn+3g
u/]df To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ lgodg
pNn+3gsf] ufDeLo{tf x]/L /fi6« a}Ín] b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ;r]t u/fpg] jf lnlvt r]tfjgL lbg],
-v_ ;'wf/fTds sbd rfNgsf nflu
92
 ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ sa'lnotgfdf
u/fpg] ,
-u_ af/Daf/ x'g] pNn+3g cGt ug{, To;af6
cnu /xg / ;'wf/fTds sbd rfNgsf
nflu lnlvt cfb]z hf/L ug]{,
-3_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfˆgf]
z]o/wgLnfO{ lbg] nfef+zsf] ljt/0f jf
af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug{ jf b'j} sfo{ ug{df
k|ltaGw nufpg] ,
-ª_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] :jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg]
lgIf]k jf lbg ;Sg] shf{ jf b'j} sfo{
ug{df k|ltaGw nufpg],
-r_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/df
cf+lzs jf k"0f{ k|ltaGw nufpg] ,
-5_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Ohfhtkq
lgnDag jf /2 ug]{,
-h_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf vf/]h ug{
k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf ;f]
cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod cGtu{t /fi6« a}Í jf
;f] a}Ísf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln] dfu
u/]sf] sfuhft, ljj/0f, tYofÍ jf clen]v /fi6« a}Í jf
;f] a}Ísf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{ clwsf/Ln]
93
tf]s]sf] ;doleq k]z gu/]df To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfnfO{ /fi6« a}Ín] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] juL{s/0fsf]
cfwf/df bz xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd nufOPsf] hl/afgf
/sd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tLg lbgleq e'QmfgL
gu/]df To:tf] ;+:yfsf] /fi6« a}Ídf /x]sf] vftfaf6 s§f
u/L /fi6« a}Ín] lng ;Sg]5 .
-$_ g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf ;f]
cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod jf ;f] cGtu{t /fi6«
a}Ín] hf/L u/]sf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Ln] pNn+3g u/]df jf To:tf
kbflwsf/Ln] lgIf]kstf{ jf nufgLstf{sf] lxt ljk/Lt
sfd u/]df jf /fi6« a}Í jf lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{
clwsf/Ln] dfu u/]sf] sfuhft, ljj/0f, tYofË jf
clen]v /fi6« a}Í jf ;f] a}Ísf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f
ug]{ clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] ;doleq k]z gu/]df To:tf]
kbflwsf/LnfO{ cfb]z jf lgb]{zg pNn+3gsf] ufDeLo{tf
x]/L /fi6« a}Ín] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ;r]t u/fpg] jf gl;xt lbg] .
-v_ lgnDagdf /fVg] .
-u_ kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf ug]{ .
-3_ tnj, eQf nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwfx?
/f]Ssf /fVg ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt
94
 ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ cfb]z
lbg] .
-ª_ kbflwsf/L ;~rfns eP ;~rfns
kbaf6 x6fpg jf kbflwsf/L eP To:tf]
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL sfg"gdf
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
lghnfO{ ;]jfaf6 cjsf; lbg nufpg
;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ cfb]z lbg] .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s;}nfO{ ;hfo ubf{
lghnfO{ cfˆgf] tk{maf6 ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ plrt cj;/af6
jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
t/ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_, -u_
/ -3_, pkbkmf -@_ / pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_
adf]lhd ;hfo ubf{ ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ cj;/ lbg
cfjZos x'g] 5}g .
&%= k'g/fj]bg nfUg] M -!_ bkmf &$ cGtu{t /fi6« a}Ín] u/]sf]
;hfopk/ lrQ ga'‰g] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf jf ;f]
;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Ln] ;hfosf] cfb]z kfPsf] ldltn]
k}+tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ubf{ s'g}
/sd hl/afgf ePsf]df To:tf] /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt
w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf /fi6« a}Ídf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
95
kl/R5]b–!@
ljljw
&^= :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] cg'dlt lng' kg]{ M -!_ /fi6« a}Ísf] k"j{
:jLs[lt lagf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf :j]R5fn] vf/]h x'g
;Sg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfsf] :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] nflu lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf /fi6«
a}Ín] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] cfˆgf] C0f tyf bfloTj k'0f{ ?kdf e'QmfgL ug{
;Ifd 5 eGg] s'/fdf /fi6« a}Í ljZj:t ePdf /fi6« a}Ín]
tf]lslbPsf] zt{ k"/f ug]{ u/L :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] cg'dlt
lbg ;Sg]5 .
&&= Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf vf/]h x'Fbf bfloTjsf] e'QmfgLdf
k|fyldstfqmd M k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf s'g} lsl;dn] vf/]hL
x'Fbf jf bfdf;fxL ug'{ kbf{ b]xfosf] k|fyldstfsf]
cfwf/df bfloTjsf] e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ vf/]hL ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{ .
-v_ art lgIf]kstf{nfO{ e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL
/sd .
-u_ d'2tL lgIf]kstf{nfO{ e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL
/sd .
96
 -3_ cGo lgIf]kstf{nfO{ e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL
/sd .
-ª_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd a'emfpg' kg]{ s/,
b:t'/ / z'Ns .
-r_ /fi6« a}Í;Fu lnPsf] shf{ .
-5_ sd{rf/LnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg afFsL tna,
eQf, ;+rosf]if, pkbfg / cGo /sd .
-h_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lnPsf] cGo
shf{ .
-em_ z]o/wgL .
&*= dWo:ytf M Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?sf aLrdf s'g}
lsl;dsf] ljjfb pTkGg ePdf /fi6« a}Ín] dWo:ytf
ug]{5 . o:tf] dWo:ytfsf ;DaGwdf /fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf]
lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
&(= uf]kgLotf sfod /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf /
u|fxsaLrsf] ;DaGw tyf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lx;fa
lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf / n]vfsf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt
JolQm afx]s cGo s;}nfO{ yfxf lbOg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ljj/0f lbOPdf
uf]kgLotf eË u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g M–
-s_ g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%* jf of] P]g jf
;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod jf
;f] cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf
lgb]{zg adf]lhd /fi6« a}ÍnfO{ lbOPdf,
-v_ d'2f jf cGo sfg"gL sf/afxLsf]
l;nl;nfdf cbfntnfO{ lbOPdf,
-u_ sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/k|fKt cg';Gwfg
txlssft ug]{ jf cleof]hg ug]{
clwsf/LnfO{ txlssft jf cleof]hgsf]
l;nl;nfdf lbOPdf,
-3_ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] l;nl;nfdf
n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ lbOPdf,
-ª_ n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf n]vfk/LIfsn]
pNn]v u/]sf]df,
-r_ hfFra'emsf] l;nl;nfdf hfFra'em
;ldltnfO{ jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
clwsf/k|fKt cg';Gwfg clwsf/LnfO{
lbOPdf,
-5_ låkIfLo jf ax'kIfLo ;lGwsf] cfwf/df
b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L d'n'saLr a}lÍË
;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ePsf]df,
-h_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?aLr shf{ ;"rgf
cfbfg–k|bfg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf lbOPdf,

97 98
 -em_ s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf] ck/fw cg';Gwfg sf]
l;nl;nfdf sf/0f ;d]t v'nfO{ s'g}
JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfdf /x]sf] vftfsf]
s'g} ljj/0f jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
vftfsf] ljj/0f dfu u/L g]kfn ;/sf/,
cy{ dGqfnoaf6 cg'/f]w eO{ /fi6« a}Ín]
lgb]{zg lbPdf .
-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/, cbfnt, /fi6« a}Í, hfFra'em
;ldlt, cg';Gwfg tyf cleof]hg clwsf/L, n]vfk/LIfs,
o; P]g adf]lhd lgo'Qm lg/LIfs jf c? s;}n] klg
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] hfgsf/L jf
ljj/0fsf] uf]kgLotf e+u ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-$_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L
k|d'v, sd{rf/L, n]vfk/LIfs tyf ;Nnfxsf/n]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf / u|fxsaLrsf] ;DaGwdf vnn
kg]{ u/L Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lx;fa lstfj, vftf
axL ;|]:tf, n]vf tyf cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf] uf]kgLotf
sfod ug'{ kg]{ ljifosf] uf]kgLotf e+u ug'{ x'Fb}g .
*)= vftf /f]Ssf /fVg lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ s'g} klg
lsl;dsf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg jf /fli6«o jf cGt/f{li6«o
cftÍjfbL ultljlw jf ;+ul7t ck/fwsf] lgoGq0f u/L
/fli6«o lxt sfod /fVg] l;nl;nfdf s'g} JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /x]sf]
vftfaf6 s'g} klg lsl;dn] e'QmfgL lbg jf /sdfGt/
ug{ gkfpg] u/L vftf /f]Ssf /fVg /fi6« a}Ín] ;DalGwt
99
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} klg avt lgb]{zg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /fi6« a}Ín] lbPsf]
lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
st{Jo x'g]5 .
*!= lgIf]kpk/sf] xs bfjL M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf
/x]sf] lgIf]kpk/ ;f] lgIf]k /fVg] JolQm afx]s c? s;}sf]
xs bfjL nfUg] 5}g . lgIf]k /fVg] JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf
lghn] s;}nfO{ OR5fPsf] eP To:tf] OR5fOPsf] JolQmsf]
/ To:tf] OR5fOPsf] JolQmsf] klg d[To' ePsf] /x]5 jf
s;}nfO{ OR5fOPsf] /x]g5 eg] b]xfosf] JolQmdWo]
k|fyldstf qmdfg';f/ h'g JolQm hLljt 5 ;f]xL JolQmsf]
To:tf] lgIf]kpk/ klxnf] xs bfjL nfUg]5 M–
-s_ ;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgL,
-v_ ;uf]nsf] 5f]/f, wd{k'q jf 5f]/L jf
wd{k'qL,
-u_ ;uf]nsf] afa', cfdf, 5f]/fkl§sf] gftL jf
gftLgL,
-3_ leGg a;]sf] klt jf kTgL, 5f]/f,
cljjflxtf 5f]/L, afa' jf cfdf,
-ª_ ;uf]nsf] afa'kl§sf] afh], aHo}, bfh',
efO{, cljjflxtf lbbL jf alxgL,
-r_ ;uf]nsf] elthf, elthL, ;f}t}gL cfdf,
100
 leGg a;]sf] 5f]/fkl§sf] gftL jf
cljjflxtf gfltgL,
-5_ ;uf]nsf] sfsf, ljwjf sfsL, efpHo",
efO{ a'xf/L jf gfltgL a'xf/L,
-h_ leGg a;]sf] bfh' jf efO{,
-em_ ljjflxtf lbbL, alxgL, leGg a;]sf afh],
aHo}, ljwjf 5f]/f a'xf/L, gfltgL a'xf/L
jf elthf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] qmddf sf]xL JolQm
gePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] lgIf]kpk/ xsjfnfsf] bfjL
/xg]5 / xsjfnf klg gePsf] cj:yfdf ;f] lgIf]k g]kfn
;/sf/sf] x'g]5 .
-#_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /x]sf] lgIf]k pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhd xs k'Ug] JolQmsf] d~h"/Ln] afx]s cGo s'g}
JolQmnfO{ lbOg] 5}g .
*@= bfjL gk/]sf] lgIf]k jf nfef+zsf] ljj/0f M
-!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] bz jif{b]lv rNtL gePsf
tyf o; P]g adf]lhd xs bfjL gk/]sf lgIf]k vftfx?sf]
ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] dlxgfleq /fi6«
a}Ídf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] nfef+z 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
ldltn] kfFr jif{;Dd klg ;DalGwt z]o/wgL jf lghsf]
101
xsjfnf ;f] nfef+z lng gcfPdf To:tf z]o/wgLsf]
nfef+zsf] ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] dlxgfleq
/fi6« a}Ídf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_
adf]lhd rNtL gePsf jf bfjL gk/]sf lgIf]kx? jf
ljt/0f gePsf] nfef+zsf] ljj/0f /fli6«o :t/sf]
kqklqsfdf sDtLdf Psk6s k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
*#= lgIf]k e/L e/fpm jf hkmt x'g ;Sg] M Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lgIf]k /sd lwtf] jf hdfgt /fvL
n]gb]g sf/f]af/ u/]sf] jf ;/sf/L jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
k"0f{ :jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yfsf] txljn df;L ;f] df;]sf]
/sdaf6 jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} s;"/ dflgg]
sfd u/L ;f] s;"/sf] lauf]af6 jf cftÍsf/L jf ;+ul7t
ck/fw ;DaGwL ultljlwaf6 ;+sng u/L lgIf]k /fv]sf]
/x]5 eg] ;f] lwtf] jf hdfgt /x]sf] jf txljn d;f}6
u/]sf] jf lauf] hlt k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;f]
lgIf]kaf6 e/L e/fpm jf hkmt x'g ;Sg]5 .
*$= Joj:yfkg vr{ M a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf
;+:yfkgf vr{ /fi6« a}Ín] tf]lslbPsf] ;LdfeGbf a9L x'g]
5}g .
*%= afwf c8sfp k'msfpg] M o; P]gdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/f
sfof{Gjog ug{ afwf c8sfp k/]df /fi6« a}Ín] g]kfn
;/sf/sf] ;xdlt lnO{ To:tf] afwf c8sfp k'msfpg
cfjZos cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
102
*^= 5"6 / ;'ljwf M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s[lif, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u, l;+rfO{,
hn ljB't pTkfbg tyf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] cGo
s'g} Joj;fosf] lgldQ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] g]kfnL
gful/s jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt ;+:yfnfO{
lbg] a9Ldf bz nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] shf{sf] lnvt
/lhi6«]zg ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ bkmf %! sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] clwgdf /xL
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] shf{ jf lgIf]kdf lng] jf lbg]
Aofhsf] b/ / Aofh nfUg] tl/sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]
tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ To:tf] Aofhsf] b/ jf Aofh nfUg] tl/sfsf]
;DaGwdf /fi6« a}Ín] ;do–;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zg
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lng] jf lbg] shf{ /
lgIf]ksf] efsf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]s] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-$_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfl;t ;DalGwt s'g}
lsl;dsf] lnvtdf cfol6s6 b:t'/ nfUg] 5}g .
*&= c;n lgotn] u/]sf] sfddf hjfkmb]xL x'g gkg]{ M -!_
g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%*, of] P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf]
lgod jf ljlgod jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf
lgb]{zg adf]lhd c;n lgotn] u/]sf] s'g}
sfdsf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf
103
kbflwsf/L JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs ?kn] hjfkmb]xL x'g]
5}gg\ .
t/ å]if k"0f{ nfk/jfxL jf abgLotaf6 ul/Psf]
s'g} sfdsf] kl/0ffdpk/ lghx? JolQmut ?kdf
lhDd]jf/ x'g]5g\ .
-@_ g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%*, o; P]g jf ;f]
cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgod jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L
ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug{sf] lgldQ c;n
lgotn] u/]sf] jf ug{ vf]h]sf] s'g} s'/fn] x'g cfPsf] jf
x'g] xflg gf]S;fgLsf] ;DaGwdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf
lj?4 s'g} lsl;dsf] d'2f k/]df To:tf] d'2fsf] vr{
;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] Joxf]g]{5 .
t/ å]if k"0f{ nfk/jfxL jf abgLotaf6 ul/Psf]
s'g} sfdsf] kl/0ffdpk/ k/]sf] d'2fsf] vr{
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] Joxf]g]{ 5}g .
**= zky u|x0f ug]{ M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf klxnf]k6s
lgo'lQm ePsf kbflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] cf]xbfsf] sfd z'?
ug'{eGbf cufj} tf]lsP adf]lhd uf]kgLotf /
OdfGbf/Ltfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf]
st{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf yfxf kfPsf] s'g}klg ;"rgf
jf hfgsf/L cglws[t JolQmnfO{ yfxf lbg' x'Fb}g .
*(= sfd sf/afxL ab/ gx'g] M ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm jf
;ldltsf] u7gdf clgoldttf ePsf] jf s'g}
104
 ;~rfnssf] kb l/Qm /x]sf] sf/0fn] dfq ;~rfns jf -3_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf tk{maf6 ul/g]
;ldltn] u/]sf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL ab/ x'g] 5}g . s/f/ ;DaGwL zt{x? af/],
()= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M o; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog -ª_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] cfly{s k|zf;g
ug{ /fi6« a}Ín] cfjZos lgodx? agfpg ;Sg]5 To:tf ;DaGwL ljifo af/],
lgodx? g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[lt eP kl5 nfu"
x'g]5g\ . -r_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] 5fk rnfpg]
sfo{ljlw af/],
(!= ljlgod agfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ cfˆgf] sfd sf/f]af/
;'Jojl:yt ?kn] ;~rfng ug{ / o; P]gsf] p2]Zo -5_ o; P]g adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]
sfof{Gjog ug{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ljlgod agfpg ug'{ kg]{ cGo sfd sf/afxL af/] .
;Sg]5 . To:tf] ljlgod /fi6« a}Íaf6 :jLs[t ePkl5
nfu" x'g]5 . (@= k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] M o; P]g / o; P]g
cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf lgod, ljlgod, cfb]z jf
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] lgb]{zgdf n]lvPsf s'/fdf o;} P]g / cfb]z jf lgb]{zg
;j{dfGotfdf k|lts"n k|efj gkg]{ u/L Ohfhtkqk|fKt adf]lhd / cGo s'/fdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;+:yfn] b]xfosf] s'g} jf ;a} ljifodf ljlgod agfpg
;Sg]5 M– t/ g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%* df n]lvP hlt
s'/fdf ;f]xL P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-s_ ;ldltsf] a}7s / ;fwf/0f ;efsf] (#= vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ b]xfosf P]gx? vf/]h ul/Psf]5 M–
sfo{ljlw af/],
-s_ s[lif ljsf; a}Í P]g, @)@$,
-v_ ;ldltn] ;~rfns jf sd{rf/LnfO{ -v_ jfl0fHo a}Í P]g, @)#!,
clVtof/L ;'Dkg] af/], -u_ ljQ sDkgL P]g, @)$@,
-u_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lsf] -3_ g]kfn cf}Bf]lus ljsf; lgud P]g,@)$^
lgo'lQm, a9'jf, ;?jf, avf{:tL, tnj, /
eQf, pkbfg, lgj[Qe/0f, ljbf, cfr/0f, -ª_ ljsf; a}Í P]g, @)%@ .
cg'zf;g ;d]t ;]jfsf zt{ / u7g af/],

105 106
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf P]g sfd sf/afxL jf pkfonfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g /
adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/afxL o;} P]g adf]lhd eP pQm cWofb]z sfod /x] ;/x To:tf] s'g} sfg"gL
u/]sf] dflgg]5 . sf/afxL jf pkfonfO{ klg z'? ug{, rfn' /fVg
jf nfu" ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] C0f c;"nL ;DaGwL
P]g, @)%* df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; P]g
adf]lhd ;+:yflkt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] C0f c;"nL
;DaGwL d'2fsf ;DaGwdf ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf # sf] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g]5 .
($= a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL cWofb]z, @)^@ lgliqmo
ePkl5 To;sf] kl/0ffd M a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL
cWofb]z, @)^@ lgliqmo ePkl5 csf]{ clek|fo gb]lvPdf
;f] lgliqmotfn],

-s_ ;f] cWofb]z lgliqmo x'Fbfsf avt rNtL gePsf]

jf sfod g/x]sf] s'g} s'/f klg hufpg] 5}g .
-v_ ;f] cWofb]z adf]lhd rfn' ePsf] s'/f jf ;f]
adf]lhd /Lt k'¥ofO cl3 g} ul/Psf] s'g} sfd jf
ef]lu;s]sf] s'g} s'/fnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g,

-u_ ;f] cWofb]z adf]lhd kfPsf], xfl;n u/]sf] jf

ef]u]sf] s'g} xs, ;'ljwf, st{Jo jf bfloTjdf
c;/ kfg]{ 5}g,
-3_ ;f] cWofb]z adf]lhd ul/Psf] s'g} b08 ;hfo
jf hkmtnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g,
-ª_ dfly n]lvPsf] s'g} To:tf] xs, ;'ljwf, st{Jo,
bfloTj jf b08 ;hfosf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] s'g}

107 108