COLEGIO KENNEDY

HIGH SCHOOL
EVIDENCES

TEACHER NAME: Nayeli Chavez Saurez

STUDENT NAME: Rayssha Zuleyma Mondragon
Garcia

JANUARY, 2015

Simple Present Tense

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual.
The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something
that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does
not do.
When I work with He, She, It in affirmative form the verbs have the nest changes:
1. To make 3rd person singular form, most of the verbs we add s
Example:
Reads
Runs
writes
2. We add ES to
Example: Passes

the

verbs
Brushes

that

end
Goes

in

O,S,CH,SH,SS,X.
Watches
Fixes

3. With the verbs that end in CONSONANT+Y we change yi and we add

ES.
Example: Tidy Tidies
Study Studies
4. With the verbs that
Examples: Play Plays
5.

end in VOWEL+Y
Stay Stays

To make the negative form we use:

Dont- I, You, We, They

Doesnt- HE, She, It

To make interrogative form

Do- I, You, We, They

Does-She, He, It

Examples:
1. I play tennis.
2. She does not play tennis.
3. Does he play tennis?
4. The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
5. The train does not leave at 9 AM.
Past Simple Tense

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we

only

add

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished
at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually
mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind
I use the auxiliary DID with all the subjects
DID- questions
DIDNT- Negative form
So if I have DIDNT o DID my verb Doesnt change.

Structures
Affirmatives
subject + verb in past simple + complement
Examples

She danced pop music

I cooked cakes
We ate meat on Friday

Negatives
subject + didnt + verb in infinitive + complement
Examples

He didnt study for the exam

Sebastian and Fernando didnt write the essay

Interrogatives
Did + subject + main verb in infinitive + complement
Examples

Did you pass the exam?

Did he cook the cake?

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Affirmative(Positive)Form

NegativeForm

QuestionForm

am

reading

am

not

reading

Am

reading?

You

are

reading

You

are

not

reading

Are

you

reading?

He

is

reading

He

is

not

reading

Is

he

reading?

She

is

reading

She

is

not

reading

Is

she

reading?

It

is

reading

It

is

not

reading

Is

it

reading?

We

are

reading

We

are

not

reading

Are

we

reading?

You

are

reading

You

are

not

reading

Are

you

reading?

They

are

reading

They

are

not

reading

Are

they

reading?

EXERCISE:
Complete this
online chart
with the
correct form
of the verb in
parenthesis.
MOUSE12:
Hey Aideen,
How are you?
AIDEEN300:

Good thanks for today it ______(be) really great.

MOUSE12: Yeah, Im I ____(run) into you. I _________(think) the episode of the
simpsons ______(be) good.
AIDEEN300: Me too. _____ (Do) you _____(get) my text?
MOUSE12: Yes, I _____ (get) 10 minutes ago.
AIDEEN300: I ________ (want) to ask to you to go to a concert with me when I
_______(see) you today. But I forgot.
Examples:
I saw a movie yesterday.
I didn't see a play yesterday.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
Did you have dinner last night?
She washed her car.

Present Progressive/Continuous
We use this grammar tense to talk about events or activities that we are doing
RIGHT NOW. In this tense we give more details about a specific situation.

Contractedforms:Iam=I'mhe/she/itis=he's/she's/it'syouare=you're
Iamnot=I'mnothe/she/itisnot=heisn't/sheisn't/itisn'tyouarenot=youaren't

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weare=we'retheyare=they're
wearenot=wearen'ttheyarenot=theyaren't

STRUCTURES
Affirmative
subject + verb to be + main verb + complement
Examples

Chicharito is playing with Real Madrid

The students are paying attention
The teacher are applying exams
My mother is doing the Loundry

Negative
subject + verb to be + not +Main verb + ING + complement
Examples:

Sussy is not studying for the exam

I am not watching my favorite TV program
They are not answering the test.
My brother is not working right now.

Interrogative
Verb to be + subject + main verb + ING + complement + ?
Examples:

Are you doing your homework?

Is Manuel playing soccer?
Am I getting bad grades?
Are they dancing in the party?

EXERCISE
Write 3 sentences in Affirmative, 3 sentences in Negative and 3 Sentences in
Interrogative.
Affirmative
1. He is reading a newspaper.
2. She is listening to a poem
3. Sebas is doing exercise
Negative
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1. She is not reading in The fault of our stars

2. Gary is not writing a song
3. You are not dancing with Armando.
Interrogative
Are they working?
1. Is he reading the phisic book?
2. Are they dancing Tango?
1.

Present Perfect
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time
before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect
with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I
was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN
use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once,
many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

It has two main characteristics

1. Use of to have/has.
2. Use of past participle
STRUCTURE:

Affirmative
subject
Examples

have/has

past

participle

complement.

Lisa has danced all night.

Peter has eaten a delicious cake.
I have written a poem.

Negative
subject
+
Examples

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havent/hasnt

past

participle

complement.

Allison hasnt repared a delicious food

John and Me havent played soccer during the last 2 weeks
Mario hasnt answered the phone

Interrogative
Have/Has
+
Examples

subject

past

participle

complement

event

or

action

or

an

action.

Have you done your homework?

Have they failed the exam?
Has he driven the new car?

EXERCISE
Rewrite the sentences iusing the present perfect.
I have seen that movie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.

SICE, UNTIL AND FOR

SINCE:
Indicates
the
beginning
of
Example: I have been here since 2 years ago.
UNTIL:
Indicates
the
ending
of
Example: You will go out until finish to work.
FOR:
Indicates
Example:
My

JANUARY, 2015

how
sister

long
has

an

an
event

has
been
an
practiced
boxing

action
for

developed.
5
years.

EXERCISE
Complete the table with expressions that use SINCE or FOR use the words in the
box.
Six months

Two years

2008

Last year
Wednesday

An hour
Three days

November

FOR: six months, two years, an hour, three days.

SINCE: Wednesday, last year, 2008, November.

GO + GERUND
We use go + gerund
activities.

to write plans or activities that we want to do. Leisure

STRUCTURES
Present
subject
+
GO
+
_____ing
Example: Isaac goes camping on vacations
Past
subject
+
went
+
_____ing
Example: Isaac went camping on vacations

Future
subject
+
verb
to
be
Example: Isaac is going to camping.

Present

Perfect

_____ing

Complement

complement

complement

Progressive

This grammar tense is used to talk about events or actions that we have been
doing in a period of time.

Have / Has
Been to all the subjects
ING To all the verbs

JANUARY, 2015

STRUCTURES

Affirmative
subject +
Examples

have/has

been

,main

verb

ING

complement

Andrea has been visiting Paris twice in the year.

My parents have been eating turkey all this month
I have been doing exercise all the week.

Negative
subject + have/has + not + been + main verbs + ing + complement
Examples
Isaac has not been studying English this year.
Areli and Karla have not been dancing

in

the

last

parties.

Interrogative
Have/Has
Examples

subject

been

main

verb

ING

Complement.

Has Manuel been practicing gymnastics this month?

Have
you
been
drinking

beer?

EXERCISE
Complete Seans reply to Melissas e-mail with the present perfect or present
perfect progressive from of the verb that are in parenthesis.
Hi Melissa,
Great to hear from you! Congratulations on your promotion!
I ______________ (have been) really busy too.
My cousin opened a new store three weeks ago, and I _______ (make)
promotional videos for him.
I ___________ (already) ________(make) two and I am finishing are one more
right now.

JANUARY, 2015

At the same time, I______________ (have been) __________(studying) a lot of

my final exams. They are next month.
And yes, I ___________ (move) to Seattle for the next summer. I
_____________(live here) for two weeks, and Ill be here until the end of the
month.
Also I __________ (meet) someone I really like, Her name is Carly and we
____________________ (go) out together about two months. Actually we
___________________ (not see) each other for about three weeks now because
she is in Tailand for the summer.
Oh, and I got a car! I________ (have) it for four months now. Anyway, lets get
together for lunch soon.
Love, Sean.

Past Perfect.
We use it to talk about events that we had done in a specific period of time / PAST
CHARACTERISTICS

Had all the subjects

Verbs

past

participle.

STRUCTURES

Affirmative
Subject
Example

had

verb

in

past

participle

complement

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

Negative
subject +
Example:

HAD

NOT

verb

in

past

participle

complement.

complement

I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

Interrogative
HAD
+
Example:

subject

JANUARY, 2015

verb

in

past

participle

 Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?

EXERCISE
Write 5 sentences with past perfect
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Had you tried dressert yet?

I had not washed my hands
Gary hadnt forgotten all the answers
Jao had given a lot of money to the sister
Andrea had been the best student.

Used to
We use this expression to make reference to an activity or something that we did
frequently. Most of the time we use it in a past context but we can also use it in
present tense never the less is lees common.
STRUCTURE

Affirmative
subject +
Examples:

USED

TO

main

verb

in

infinitive

complement

Andrea used to eat vegetables when she was a child.

The students used to study for their English exam.
Manuel used to do exercise before to be a teacher.

Negative
subject + DIDNT + USE TO + main verb in infinitive + complement.
Examples

Andrea didnt use to eat vegetables when she was a child.

The students didnt use to study for their English exam.
Manuel didnt use to do exercise before to be a teacher.

Interrogative
Did + subject
Example:

USE

TO

main

verb

in

infinitive

Did Andrea use to eat vegetables when she was a child?

Did the students use to study for their English exams?
Did Manuel use to dance with his girlfriend?

EXERCISE

JANUARY, 2015

complement

Complete the conversation with used to / use to.

A: Do you think youve changed a lot in the last 5 o 10 years?
B: Yeah, a lot. I didnt use to work full time, so I had a lot more time to go out.
A: Yeah, me too. Also I used to date a lot of girls, but now I have a girlfriend.
B: Well thats cool!
A: Yeah we will probably get married anyway, I remember I never used to get home
before 4 am at weekends. I was definitely a party animal.
B: Yeah, I always used to stay out late, too. Where did you use to go?
A: To live music clubs, mostly, I used to go out to hear music. We used to dance all
night.
B: I like going out to hear live music but I didnt use to like dancing. I actually dance
more because my wife loves dancing.

Reading Comprehension
Almost everyone has experienced vivid memories associated with smells. Smell
memories are so strong that they can transport us immediately to the past. You
smell a certain cologne or perfume, and you are with an old love again. You smell
popcorn and youre a child at a fair. We often forget an experience until we smell
something associated with it, and then we can suddenly see and hear the whole
experience
again.
The sense of smell is very important for animals because it helps them to find food,
recognize danger and recognize other members of the same species. However,
When humans developed higher cognitive abilities such as language, the sense of
smell becomes less important for survival.
This is why the humans only have 20 million of smell receptors, while a blood
hound has 220 million. So why are our memories so strong?
The reason that we usually have strong emotional responses of smell is located is
closed to the amygdala, which is the center of emotions and memories.
Researches have done experiments to compare smell stimuli with other stimuli as
mentory cues. With visual cues and word cues people tended to remembered more
things from early childhood. This makes sense because the sense of smell
develops in babies before the senses of vision and later, words.
These findings have positive implications for helping people who suffer from
dementia. If they cant remember things from their past the memories can be often
stimulated by smells.

JANUARY, 2015

Researchers have found that when people with memory lass smell something
associated with their youth, they are often able to describe a memory in great
detail.

Tag questions
These questions are used to confirm information given during a conversation.
The tag questions are useful to show interest on something that is been mentioned
in
a
conversation.
We form the tag question with the opposite of the auxiliary that we use in the
sentence
Examples:

I dont have money. Have I?

She is very depressed. Isnt she?
My brother has a beautiful girlfriend. Hasnt she?

Passive voice
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important who or
what
is
performing
the
action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen I do not
know however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement isn passive is more polite than active voice, as the
following example shows.

Example: A mistake was made.

Inthis case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I dont blame anyone.
Example: You have made a mistake.
Passive form:
Example:

subject + finite/past form of to be + past participle.

A
letter
was
written.

When rewriting active senteces in passive voice, note the following:

JANUARY, 2015

o The object or the active sentence becemos the subject of the passive
sentence.
o The finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
o The subject of the active sentence becomes the object ofe the passive
sentence(or is dropped).

JANUARY, 2015