Chapter 04A - Diversity in Animals - Porifera To Annelida

1
CHAPTER 04A: DIVERSITY IN ANIMALS: PORIFERA, ETC.
1.
PHYLUM PORIFERA
The common name of phylum porifera is ____.
sponge
2.
The name Porifera was given by ____ ____. The study of sponges
is known as ____.
Robert Grant, Parazoology
3.
Sponges
are
primitive,
multicellular
animals.
They
have
phylogenetically evolved from ____ (____).

choanoflagllates, Proterospongia
4.
All sponges are aquatic, generally ___. But few are found in ___
water also. They are ____, ____ or ____ (hint: related to habitat).
marine, fresh, sessile, solitary, colonial
5.
The body of sponges is full of pores, i.e. numerous mouthlets called

___ and one opening for exit called ____.
ostia (singular: ostium), osculum
6.
Sponges have various body form and shapes with irregular shape.
They are mostly asymmetrical. However, radial symmetry is seen in
____.
Leucosolenia
7.
Sponges have ___ level of organisation with two ___ layers. They
are ____ and do not possess head and appendages. Sponges were
the first ____ animals.

cellular, germinal, diploblastic, diploblastic
8.
The body wall of sponges consists of two layers an outer ____

(Dermal Layer) or ____ and an inner ____ (Choanocytic Layer) or
____.
ectoderm, pinacoderm, endoderm, choanoderm
9.
The pinacoderm is the outer cellular layer in sponges and consists

of flattened ____ and oval ____.
pinacocytes, porocytes
10.
The choanoderm is the inner cellular layer in sponges and consists

of highly specialised flagellated cells called ____ or ___ ____. These
cells are characteristic of porifera.
choanocytes, collar cells
11.
Both pinacoderm and choanoderm do not have _____ membrane.

basement
12.
A non-cellular, gelatinous layer is found between the pinacoderm

and choanoderm. It is called the ____ layer or ____.
mesohyl, mesenchyme
13.
The mesenchyme has fine grained ____ fibres and numerous

spicules. It also contains ____ (amoeba-like cells) of both
pinacoderm and choanoderm.
spongin, amoebocytes
14.
TRUE OR FALSE: Amoebocytes are modified into different cells.

True
15.
Modified amoebocytes: Archaeocytes may be converted into other

types of cells and are also called undifferentiated ____ cells.
totipotent
16.
Modified amoebocytes: Trophocytes provide food to developing

cells and are called ____ cells.
nurse
17.
Modified amoebocytes: Thesocytes store ____ granules.

food
18.
Modified amoebocytes: Gland cells secrete a ____ substance.

slimy
19.
Modified amoebocytes: Collencytes secrete ____ fibres of the

mesohyl layer.
spongin
20.
Modified amoebocytes: Scleroblasts secrete ____. In calcerous

sponges they are called ____.
spicules, calcoblasts
21.
Modified amoebocytes: Myocytes form a circular ring around the

___ and help its opening and closing. It is highly ____.
osculum, contractile
22.
Modified amoebocytes: Germ cells (sex cells) form ___ and ___ and
develop during the breeding season.
sperms, ova
23.
Modified amoebocytes: Chromocytes contain ____ granules and

excretory substances.
pigment
24.
Modified amoebocytes: Phagocytes collect food from ____ through

their pseudopodia and also engulf excreta and damaged tissues.
choanocytes
25.
Modified amoebocytes: Spongioblast is for the ____.

skeleton
26.
Look below for the diagram of the body wall of porifera.
27.
The central body cavity of a sponge is called ____ or ____ ____.

spongocoel, paragastric cavity
28.
Sponges consist of pores and canals. There are three types of

canals: ____ canal system, ____ canal system and ____ canal
system.
asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid
29.
_____ with flagella are lined inside the spongocoel and the canals.
Ceaseless beating of the ____ causes water to enter through the
ostia, perforated porocytes and various canals, spongocoel and
finally leaves through the osculum. The canal system helps the
sponge in nutrition, respiration, excretion and ____.
Choanocytes, flagella, reproduction
30.
Almost all sponges possess an ____ skeleton. It may consist of

calcareous (calcoblast) or siliceous (silicoblast) ____ or of fine ___
____ (spongiblast) or of both located in the ____ layer.

internal, spicules, spongin fibres, mesohyl
31.
____ secretes spicules while ____ secretes spongin fibres.

Scleroblast, Spongioblast
32.
Nutrition in sponges is ____. Digestive cavity and ____ are absent.

Digestion is ____ and occurs in food vacuoles of ____.
holozoic, mouth, intercellular, choanocytes
33.
In sponges, the food particle is strained out by the ____ ____, which
passes them on to the ____. Food is stored in thesocytes.
collar cell, amoebocytes
34.
Distribution of food from the ingestive cell to others is brought

about by the movable _____ cell.
amoeboid
35.
Respiration and excretion in sponges takes place by diffusion of

gases through the body surface. The chief excretory matter is ___.
ammonia
36.
Sponges do not have a ____ system.

nervous
37.
Both asexual and sexual reproduction occurs in sponges. Asexual

reproduction occurs by ____ and _____.
budding, gemmules
38.
Gemmulation takes place under ____ (favourable/unfavourable)

conditions.
unfavourable
39.
In fresh water and in a few marine sponges ____ or internal buds

are formed. Sponges are ____. Fertilization is ____.
gemmules, hermaphrodite, internal

40.
Sometimes, cross fertilization also occurs in sponges. This is known

as ____ condition.
protogynous
41.
In sponges, the zygote undergoes holoblastic cleavage (complete

division of the zygote). The development includes a free swimming
larva, the ____ or ____ or ____ for the dispersal of species.
holoblastic, amphiblastula, parenchymula, stereograstrula
42.
The amphiblastula is seen in ____. Parenchymula is seen in ____

while stereograstrula is seen in ____.
Sycon, Leucosolenia, Euplectella
43.
On the basis of the skeleton, Porifera can be divided into three

classes. Name them.
Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Demospongiae
44.
The skeleton of Calcarea is of ____ spicules. They are found in ____

(shallow/deep), marine waters.
calcareous, shallow
45.
Give five examples of calcarea sponges.

Leucosolenia, Sycon (Sycpha), Grantia, Leucilla, Clathrina
46.
____ is the smallest sponge.

Leucosolenia blancha
47.
____ is called the urn sponge.

Sycon
48.
The skeleton of hexactinellida is of ____ spicules, which have six

rays. They are also called ___ ____. They are found in ____
(shallow/deep) marine waters.

siliceous, glass sponge, deep
49.
Give three examples of hexactinellida sponges.

Euplectella, Hyalonema, Pheronema
50.
____ is called Venus Flower Basket.

Euplectella
51.
___ is called the Bridal Gift in Japan.

Euplectella
52.
____ is called the Glass rope sponge.

Hyalonema
53.
___ is called the Bowl sponge

Pheronema
54.
The skeleton of demospongiae is of ___ ____ or of ___ ___ with 1 or

4 rayed ____ ____ or may be absent. They are found in marine or
fresh, shallow or deep waters.
spongin fibres, spongin fibres, siliceous spicules
55.
Give six examples of demospongiae.

Euspongia( or Spongia), Spongilla, Cliona, Chalina, Ephydatia,
Hippospongia
56.
____ is known as bath sponge.

Euspongia
57.
____ is known as fresh water sponge.

Spongilla
58.
____ is known as sulphur sponge.

Ephydatia
59.
____ is known as boring sponge. They are harmful to oysters.

Cliona
60.
____ is known as horse sponge or horny sponge.

Hippospongia
61.
____ is known as the mermaids gloves.

Chalina
62.
The sponge ___ is known as the Neptunes Cup.

Poterion
63.
The skeleton is absent in the demospongiae, ____ and ____.

Oscarella, Chondrosina
64.
The demospongiae, ____ is known as the bread sponge.

Halichondria
65.
The demospongiae, ____, is known as finger sponge.

Haliclona
66.
The largest sponge is ____.

Spheciospongia vesparium
67.
____ is believed to be the hypothetical ancestor of sponge. It is a

simple, primitive sponge. It is a link between larva and sponge.
Olynthus
68.
Shrimps (Spongicola), a crustacean, show a lot in common with

___.
Euplectella
69.
In Leucosolenia, the spongocoel is lined by ____.

choanocytes
70.
Look at the figure of some common sponges below.
71.
PHYLUM CNIDARIA (= COELENTERATA)

The name coelenterata was given by ____. ____ named Cnidaria
on the basis of stinging cells.
Leuckart, Hatschek
72.
Coelenterata are mostly ____ (marine/fresh-water), although a few

like
hydra
are
___
(marine/fresh-water).
They
are
____
(herbivorous/carnivorous). They may be fixed or ____ ____.

marine, fresh-water, carnivorous, free floating
73.
The body forms of cnidaria vary considerably. Most cnidaria are

trimorphic having three kinds of zooids ____, ____ and ____.
Occurrence of more than one type of individuals in their colonies
performing different functions is called ____.
Polyp, blastostyles, Medusae, polymorphism
74.
Cnidaria show ____ symmetry. However, some anthozoans have

____ symmetry.
radial, biradial
10
75.
Cnidaria are the first multi-cellular animals from the evolution

point of view that show ___ ___ of organisation.
tissue level
76.
Coelenterates have two types of forms (dimorphic). Name them.

Polyp, Medusa
77.
Polyp are ____ in shape, mostly ____ but sometimes motile. They
may be ____ or ____ (hint: about habitat).
cylindrical, sessile, solitary, colonial
78.
Medusa are ____-shaped. They are free ___ and always ____.
umbrella, swimming, solitary
79.
Coelenterates: Either or both zooids may occur in a species. If both

are found in a species, the two forms ___ in the lifecycle.
alternate
80.
Polyps produce medusae ____ while medusae form polyps ____.

For example, ____.
asexually, sexually, Obelia
81.
Coelenterates are diploblastic animals having two germ layers:

____ and ____. The ____ is present between the two layers.
ectoderm, endoderm, mesogloea
82.
The body wall of coelenterates consists of two layers of cells: an

outer ____ and an inner ____. A non-cellular gelatinous layer called
___ occurs between the two layers.
epidermis, gastrodermis, mesogloea
83.
Coelenterata: The epidermis consists of five types of cells - ____

cells, ____, ___ cells.
Epitheliomuscular, Cnidoblasts (stinging cells), interstitial, nerve,
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sensory
84.
Coelenterata: The epitheliomuscular cells provide ___ and act as

____. The cnidoblasts (also called nematoblast or chidocyte) have
____ (stinging organs). Cnidoblasts are used for ____, ____ and for
the capture of prey.
protection, muscles, nematocyst, anchorage, defence
85.
The body of coelenterates may be supported by horny or calcareous

____. For example, ____.
exoskeleton, corals
86.
Cnidarians have a central gastrovascular cavity called ____, with a

mouth, which also acts as ___. Thus, there is an ____ digestive tract
(____ ____).
coelenteron, anus, incomplete, blind sac
87.
In coelenterata, both ____- and ____-cellular digestion are present.

Digestion takes place in the ____ as well as in the ___ ___.
intra, extra, coelenteron, food vacuole
88.
Coelenteron is also responsible for the ____ of food besides partly

digesting it. Because of this dual role, the coelenteron is also called
____ cavity.
distribution, gastrovascular
89.
Respiration and excretion takes place in coelenterates by the

diffusion of gases through the body surface. The excretory matter is
___.
ammonia
90.
The nervous system of coelenterates is of a primitive form and

consists of ___ neurons and sensory cells. ____ is a sense organ for
12
balance, which for the first time developed in coelenterates.

non-polar, Statocyst
91.
Reproduction in coelenterates is both by asexual (____) and sexual

methods. Both gonads and buds arise from ____ cells. The gonads
are simple and without ____. The power of ____ is also developed.
budding, interstitial, gonoducts, regeneration
92.
Development
in
coelenterates:
The
cleavage
is
____
(holoblastic/diploblastic). Direct or indirect development is found.

The development includes the ___ stage (indirect). In Obelia, ___
larva is present. However, in Aurelia, ____, ____ and ___ larvae are
found.
holoblastic, larva, planula ( = free swimming), planula, scyphistoma,
ephyra
93.
Coelenterata is classified into three classes based on the dominance

of the ____ or ____ phases in the life cycle. These phases are ____,
____ and ____.
medusoid, polypoid, Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa
94.
HYDROZOA
The word hydrozoa is derived from the Greek words Hydros
meaning ____ and zoon meaning ___.
water, animal
95.
In hydrozoa, either only ____ are found or ____ and ____ are
present.
polyps, polyps, medusae
96.
Hydrozoa often show ____ (morphism) and ____ (genesis).

polymorphism, metagenesis
97.
An example of hydrozoa is ____, which is a fresh water polyp.
13
Hydra
98.
The hydrozoa, ____, is known as the little sail or Sail-by-the wind.

Vellela
99.
The hydrozoa, ____, is known as the sting coral or the hydroid

coral.
Millipora
100.
The hydrozoa, ____, is called the Portuguese man-of-war. It has ___

___, which secretes a neurotoxic gas. The gas helps the organism to
keep afloat.
Physalia, gas glands
101.
Look at the figure of Physalia below.
102.
The hydrozoa, ___, is called the Sea Fur (Polyp, Medusa shows
metagenesis). It is a ____ (herbivore/carnivore).
Obelia, carnivore
103.
The hydrozoa, ___, shows polymorphism. It resembles Velella

except that it does not have sail and has a circular disc-like ___.
14
Porpita, pneumatophore
104.
Bougainvillea and Tubularia are also ____.

hydrozoans
105.
SCYPHOZOA
Scyphozoa are represented by _____ (polyp/medusae).
medusae
106.
The scyphoza, ____, is called the Jelly fish, Moon jelly. The last
stage of its larvae phase in its life cycle is known as ____.
Aurelia, ephyra
107.
The scyphoza, ___, is known as Sun Jelly.

Cyanea
108.
The scyphoza, ___, has many mouths.

Rhizostoma
109.
Pilema, Atolla and Periphylla are ____.

scyphoza
110.
ANTHOZOA
Anthozoa are represented by the ____ (polyp/medusa) form. The
___ (polyp/medusa) form is absent.
polyp, medusa
111.
Anthozoa has two types of animals: ____ and ____.

Anemones, Corals
112.
In anemones, ____ is absent. Examples of anemones are ____ and

____, which are sea anemones. They show commensalism with
the___ ___. They gets transported from one place to the other by
living inside the shell of the crab.
skeleton, Adamsia, Metridium, Hermit crab
15
113.
Corals have a skeleton made of ___ ___.

calcium carbonate
114.
The coral, ____, is known as the brain coral.

Meandrina
115.
The coral, ____, is known as the Sea pen.

Pennatula
116.
The coral, ____, is known as the Sea fan.

Gorgonia
117.
The coral, ____, is known as the star coral.

Astraea
118.
The coral, ____, is known as the Sea feather.

Pteroides
119.
The coral, ____, is known as the Sea pansy.

Renilla
120.
The coral, ____, is known as the organ pipe coral.

Tubipora
121.
The coral, ____, is known as the Dead mans finger (soft coral).
Alcyonium
122.
The coral, ____, is known as the Red coral (Moonga).

Corallium
123.
The coral, ____, is known as the blue coral.

Heliopora
124.
The coral, ____, is known as the eye coral.

Oculina
16
125.
The coral, ____, is known as the stag-horn coral.

Madrepora
126.
The coral, ____, is known as the mushroom coral.

Fungia
127.
Sea wasp is a ____ (phylum). It is one of the most poisonous

animals.
cnidarian
128.
129.
Hydra was discovered by ___ and its name was given by ____.
Leeuwenhoeck, Linnaeus
PHYLUM CTENOPHORA
The name Ctenophora was given by ____. These animals are
known for their ___ and ____ nature. In sunlight, their comb-plate
gives the effect of a ___.
Eschescboltz, beauty, delicate, rainbow
130.
Animals of Ctenophora are also known as ___ ___, ____ ___ or

___ ___.
Sea gooseberries, Comb-jellies, Sea-walnuts
131.
Nematoblasts are absent in Ctenophora. Hence, they are called

____.
acnidaria
132.
All animals belonging to Ctenophora are ____ (marine/freshwater)

and ____ (float on surface). They show ____ (emit light). The power
of ____ is well marked.
marine, pelagic, bioluminescence, regeneration
133.
The body form of Ctenophora is variable and may be spherical,

cylindrical or ___-shaped. The body is soft, transparent, and ___-
17
like having a ____ symmetry with ___-grade body organisation.

pear, jelly, biradial, tissue
134.
Animals belonging to Ctenophora are ___ having an ectoderm and

endoderm.
diploblastic
135.
Locomotion in Ctenophora occurs by eight ___ ___ ___ on the body

surface. The cilia of these plates help in swimming. Ctenophores
are, therefore, called ___ ____.
ciliary comb plates, comb jellies
136.
Ctenophora: Digestion is both ____ and ____. Skeletal, excretory

and respiratory systems are ____ (absent/present).
extracellular, intracellular, absent
137.
Ctenophora: The stomach is highly branched to form a complex

system of ____ ____. There are ____ (number) anal pores.
gastrovascular canals, two
138.
Ctenophora: Animals are carnivorous. A pair of long ___ tentacles

are present. Special adhesive cells, called ____ or ____ cells are
present on the tentacles, which help in catching the prey.
solid, colloblasts, lasso
139.
Ctenophora: All animals are ____. Only ____ (asexual/sexual)

reproduction is found. Fertilization is ____ (internal/external). The
egg contains yolk. Hence, it is called ____.
monoecious (= hermaphrodite or bisexual), sexual, external, lecithal
140.
Ctenophora: Development is of ___ type. The lifecycle involves a

free living, ciliated, spherical ____ larval stage. Cleavage is _____,
____ and unequal.
indirect, cydippid, holoblastic, determinate
18
141.
Ctenophora: Regeneration and ____ is normally found.

paedogenesis
142.
Ctenophora: The nervous system is ____ as in cnidarians. The

aboral end (opposite end of mouth) bears a sense organ called ___
for equilibrium (balance)
diffused, Statocyst
143.
Ctenophora are divided into two classes: ____ and ____.

Tentaculata, Nuda
144.
Tentaculata have tentacles and small ____. Nuda do not have

tentacles. They have a spacious ___ and ____.
stomodaeum, mouth, stomodaeum
145.
The Tentaculata, ____, is called the Sea Walnut.

Hormiphora
146.
The Tentaculata, ____, is called the Sea Gooseberry.

Pleurobrachia
147.
The Tentaculata, ____, is called the Venus Girdle.

Cestum
148.
Hormiphora and Velamen belong to the phylum ____.

Ctenophora
149.
The ctenophora, ____, is commensal with Alcyonium.

Ctenoplana
150.
Beroe is a ____ (Tentaculata/Nuda). It is called the ___ ___ of a cat.

Nuda, swimming eye
151.
As an exception, the ctenophore, ___ ___ has cnidoblast.

Euchlora rubra
19
152.
PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
The name Platyhelminthes was given by ____. It includes flat
worms (____ flattened). They are the most primitive ___ animals.
Gagenbaur, dorsoventrally, bilateral
153.
TRUE OR FALSE? Platyhelminthes can be free living (terrestrial,

fresh water or marine) or parasitic.
True
154.
The study of worms causing parasitic infestation in humans is

called ____. Most members of this phylum are ____ (hint: parasite
type) of vertebrates. Some are found in aquatic habitat.
helminthology, endoparasites
155.
The body organisation of Platyhelminthes is of ___ grade. The body

is ____, i.e. the body is formed from three germinal layers: ____,
____ and ____.
organ, triploblastic, ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm
156.
The body of platyhelminthes is ____ symmetrical.

bilaterally
157.
Locomotary organs are absent in platyhelminthes. However, ___

organs like suckers, hook, etc. are present in the parasitic form.
adhesive
158.
Platyhelminthes: The epidermis is ____ and is sometimes ciliated.

On the body wall of parasitic animals, a thick cuticle, called ____, is
present. This thick cuticle protects the parasite from the ____ ___
of the host. The cuticle is secreted by the ____.
syncytial, tegument, digestive enzymes, epidermis
159.
Platyhelminthes: The body covering is soft and may or may not be
20
ciliated. Rod-shaped bodies, the ____, are present in the epidermal

cells of the living platyhelminthes. They are ____ and used in food
capture.
rhabdites, protective
160.
Platyhelminthes: The muscles in the body-wall are ____. Below the

epidermis, ____, ____ and ____ muscles are present.
mesodermal, longitudinal, circular, oblique
161.
Platyhelminthes: The nervous system is ____-like.

ladder
162.
Platyhelminthes: These animals are ____, i.e. without coelom. In

between various organs, a solid, loose mesodermal tissue called
____ or ____ is present.
acoelomate, mesenchyma, parenchyma
163.
Platyhelminthes:
In
Turbellaria
and
Trematoda
class,
an
incomplete ___ ___ without anus is present. Such body designs are
known as __ ___ body plan.
digestive system, blind sac
164.
Platyhelminthes: In animals of class ___, the digestive system is

completely absent. They absorb nutrition directly from the host
through their ___ ___.
Cestoda, body surface
165.
Platyhelminthes: How is the form of the body maintained? Answer:

The ____ system and ____ (Hint: organ systems) are absent.
Turgidity of the fluid in the ____ ___ maintains the form of the
body. It is called ____.
circulatory, skeletal, parenchymal meshes, hydroskeleton
21
166.
Platyhelminthes respire through the ___ ___. Anaerobic respiration

is seen in internal parasites like ____.
body surface, Taenia
167.
The excretory organs in Platyhelminthes are ____ or flame-cells.

Flame-cells are also known as ____. They help in ____.
protonephridia, solenocytes, osmoregulation
168.
All platyhelminthes are ____ (unisexual/bisexual). The reproductive

system is ____ (simple/complex) and well-developed.
bisexual, complex
169.
In platyhelminthes, fertilization may be ____ or ____ and ____.

Cleavage is ___ and ____.
self, cross, internal, spiral, determinate
170.
In platyhelminthes, development may be ____ or ____. In indirect

development, the larva may be of ____ or ____ types. Some
members like ____ possess high regeneration capacity.
direct, indirect, one, more, Planaria
171.
Dugesia (Planaria) is found in ____ water. It is a nocturnal, slow

creeping ___ (hint: nutrition) animal. It shows ____ (hint:
nutrition).
fresh, omnivorous, cannibalism
172.
Dugesia (Planaria) reproduces ___ as well as ____ (____ binary

fission).
sexually, asexually, transverse
173.
In Dugesia (Planaria), the pharynx can be ____.

everted
174.
____ (Liver fluke), is found in the bile ducts of the liver sheep and
22
goat (___ endoparasites). It causes ____ ____ (fascioliasis) or ____.

Fasciola, digenetic, liver rot, cirrhosis
175.
The liver fluke has a ___ cuticle. It is attached to the bile duct by
___ ___. ____ respiration is seen. The mode of nutrition is ____ - it
feeds on blood, bile and epithelial cell of the bile duct. The liver
fluke is ____ (hint: reproduction related). It may undergo self or
cross-fertilization.
spiny, posterior suckers, anaerobic, holozoic, hermaphrodite
176.
The lifecycle of liver fluke involves two hosts. Hence it is _____. The
primary host is ____ while the secondary host is the ___ ___.
digenetic, sheep/goat, garden snail
177.
Garden snail which serve as a secondary host to liver fluke in sheep

are ____, ____ and ____.
Planorbis, Lymnea, Bulinus
178.
The life cycle is complicated in most flat worms with one or more
larval stages. In liver fluke, the larvae present are ____, ____, ___,
____ and ____.
miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria, metacercaria
179.
The infective stage for the primary host (sheep) in liver fluke is
____.
metacercaria
180.
The infective stage for the secondary host (snail) in liver fluke is
____. It is free swimming.
miracidium
181.
The life cycle is complicated in most flat worms with one or more
larval stages. In tapeworm the larvae stages found are ____, ____
23
and ____.
onchosphere, hexacanth, cysticercus
182.
The blood fluke, Schistosoma, is found in the veins of the human

___ and ____. It is ___ (unisexual/bisexual). The large male
permanently carries the female in a groove on the ventral side
called the ___ ___. The life history shows sexual____.
bladder, intestine, unisexual, gynaecophoric canal, dimorphism
183.
In Schistosoma, the primary host is the ____ while the secondary

host is the ___ ___.
man, Garden snail
184.
Adult tapeworms typically have the same body structure consisting

of a ____ (head), a neck and a ____.
scolex, strobila
185.
The strobila of adult tapeworms is made up of a few to a large

number of ____, which are sometimes called segments.
proglottids
186.
The scolex (or head) of the tapeworm is the ___ end of the worm
and remains attached to the intestine of the definitive host. It has
hooks and suckers that help in attachment.
anterior
187.
The ____ forms the main bulk of the body and is composed of
proglottids arranged in a chain-like fashion.
strobila
188.
Proglottids can be grouped into three different kinds. Name them.

Immature, Mature and Gravid proglottids
189.
____ proglottids are the anterior most ones and lie just behind the
24
neck. They are devoid of ____ organs.

Immature, reproductive
190.
Mature proglottids occupy the middle part of the strobila.

Tapeworms are hermaphrodites and ____ (male maturing first).
Therefore,
____ mature proglottids
consist
of
only
male
reproductive organs while the ___ ones contain both male and
female organs side by side.
protandrous, anterior, posterior
191.
A mature proglottid is a complete reproductive unit. It has been

suggested by some early biologists that each proglottid should be
considered a single organism and that the tapeworm is actually a
colony of ____.
proglottid, proglottid
192.
Gravid proglottids occur in the posterior part of the strobila. The

terminal gravid proglottids detach from the rest of the body either
singly or in small groups by a process called ___. This phenomenon
serves to limit the ____ of the parasite and to transfer the
developing embryo to the exterior in the ____ of the host.
apolysis, length, faeces
193.
Look at the figure below to understand the role of proglottids.

(IMPORTANT!!)
25
194.
195.
Platyhelminthes are divided into three classes. Name them.

Turbellaria, Trematoda and Cestoda
TURBELLARIA
____ are mostly free-living flatworms found in fresh/marine water.
An example is ___ or Eddy worm.
Turbellaria, Planaria
196.
The scientific name of planaria is ___ ____.

Dugesia planaria
197.
The Turbellaria, _____, is symbiont on zoocholera, diatoms and

algae.
Convoluta
198.
The Turbellaria, ____, is parasitic on fishes.

Ichthyophaga
199.
Give three examples of Turbellaria.

Macrostomum, Mesostoma, Gunda
200.
TREMATODA
____ are endoparasites. They are known as flukes or flat worms.
Trematoda
201.
The sheep liver fluke is ____. It is a trematoda.
26
Fasciola
202.
The blood fluke is ____. It is a trematoda.

Schistosoma
203.
Ectoparasite on the gills of fish is _____. They are ____

(monogentic/digenetic). It is a trematoda.
Diplozoon, monogenetic
204.
The human liver fluke or Chinese liver fluke is ____. It is a

trematoda.
Opisthorchis
205.
The endoparasites of the urinary bladder of frogs and turtles is

____.
Polystomum
206.
CESTODA
___ are endoparasites and intestinal parasites known as
tapeworms.
Cestoda
207.
____ are worms, which are endoparasites of vertebrates.

Cestoda
208.
The body of cestoda is divided into a few to many ____ (not true
segments).
proglottids
209.
The pork tapeworm is ____ ____.

Taenia solium
210.
The beef tapeworm is ____ ____.

Taenia saginata
27
211.
The dog tapeworm is ____.

Echinococcus
212.
The smallest tapeworm in mans intestine is ____. It is ___ cm long

and has ____ proglottids. It is ____ (monogentic/digenetic).
Hymenolepis, 10, 200, monogenetic
213.
The birds tapeworm is ____.

Rellietina
214.
The endoparasites of ruminates is ____. It is a cestoda.

Moniezea
215.
Give two examples of cestoda.

Amphilina, Phyllobothrium
216.
Garden snail which serve as a secondary host to liver fluke in

humans are ____, ____ and ____.
Planorbis, Lymnea, Bulinus
217.
The infective stage of Schistosoma in man is the larvae ___.

Miracidium
218.
The infective stage of Schistosoma in man is the larvae ____.

Miracidium
219.
Schistosoma shows special multiplication in larva stage: ____, ___,

____.
Miracidium, Sporocyst, Cercaria
220.
The larva of Schistosoma enters the human body by boring the ___
while bathing in ____. It damages the ____ and causes ___ disorder.
The disease is called ____ or ____.
skin, ponds, liver, intestinal, Schistosomiasis, Bilharzia
28
221.
The pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, is flat and ____ (colour)

ribbon-like. Its size is ____ mm x ____mm.
white, 4, 6
222.
The body of the pork tapeworm has three regions: (i) the head or
____ with hooks and suckers (ii) the neck for forming new ______
and (iii) long ____ with about 850 proglottides.
scolex, proglottides, strobila
223.
The pork tapeworm is a human ____ parasite. It is attached to the

intestinal wall by hooks and suckers. It has a ____ nutrition and
shows ____ respiration. It is a ____ (hint: related to sex).
gut, saprozoic, anaerobic, hermaphrodite
224.
The pork tapeworm has no ____ or ____.

mouth, anus
225.
Man gets infected by pork tapeworm by consuming ____ pork

containing encysted larvae ____.
uncooked, cysticerci
226.
The pork tapeworm is digenetic. The primary host is ___ while the
secondary host is ___.
man, pig
227.
The pork tapeworm shows special multiplication in the larva stage

namely, ____ and _____.
onchosphere, hexacanth
228.
The bladder worm or ____ causes the disease Cysticercosis.

Cysticercus
229.
In the bladder worm, the primary host is man and the larva is ____
while the secondary host is the pig and the larva is ____.
29
Cysticercus, Onchosphere
230.
The cysticercosis is a larva of the tapeworm that develops from

another larva, the ____.
onchosphere
231.
Sometimes, the onchospheres directly reach the stomach and

develop into bladder worms. Thus, man becomes an ____ host of
the tapeworm. The bladder worms may reach the eyes where it
may cause ___ or it may reach the brain, where it can cause ____.
intermediate, blindness, epilepsy
232.
The dog tapeworm or ____ worm causes ____ disease. It is an ____

(type of parasite). Presence of cysts of this worm in the ____ and
____ may prove fatal. Man acquires infection by playing with pet
dogs.
hydatid, hydatid, endoparasites, brain, kidney
233.
The dog tapeworm, ___ ___ (scientific name) has the ____ as the
primary host and the ___ as the secondary host. It has ____ or ____
proglottids.
Echinococcus granulosus, dog, pig, two, three
234.
The scientific name of beef tapeworm is ____ ____. The beef

tapeworm has no ____ and ___. It is longer than T. solium.
Taenia saginata, rostellum, hooks
235.
Characteristics of parasitic platyhelminthes: (i) Absence of ____,

____ and ____organs. (ii) The reproductive system is well
developed. Most of them are ___. ___ ____ produces a large
number of eggs. (iii) They possess a considerable ____ adaptability.
locomotary, digestive, sensory, hermaphrodites, Self fertilization,
osmotic
30
236.
TRUE OR FALSE? Flatworms do not have gonoducts or

copulatory organs.
False
237.
Look at the picture of Planaria given below.
238.
Look at the picture of Fasciola given below.
239.
Look at the picture of the head and neck portion of flatworms

given below.
31
240.
Look at the picture of Echinococcus granulosus given below.
241.
Look at the picture of Taenia solium given below.
242.
Look at the picture of Schistosoma given below.
32
243.
PHYLUM ASCHELMINTHES (NEMATHELMINTHES OR

NEMATODA)
The term Nemathelminthes was proposed by ____. The phylum
includes ____ species. It includes ____ (circular in cross section).
Gegenbaur, 15000, roundworms
244.
Nematodes are found everywhere in fresh/marine water and in

____-rich soil. Many of them are parasites in plants and animals.
humus
245.
Nematodes are ___ in shape and taper at both ends ___

(with/without) segmentation.
cylindrical, without
246.
Nematodes are ____ symmetrical. The germ layer is ____. The level
of organisation is ____-system level and they have a ___ ___ ___
plan.
bilaterally, triploblastic, organ, tube within tube
247.
The anterior end of nematodes does not show a distinct ____. They
____ (have/do not have) appendages.
head, do not have
248.
The body wall of nematodes consists of a firm, ____ resistant
33
cuticle, ____ epidermis (continuous layer of cytoplasm with

scattered nuclei) and longitudinal ____ layer.
non-living, syncytial, muscle
249.
The cuticle of nematodes is firm, non-living and resistant to ___ ___

of the host. The epidermis is without ___ and is syncytial.
digestive enzymes, cilia
250.
The body cavity of nematodes is called ____ or ____ as it develops

from the ___ of the embryo.
pseudocoel, pseudo-coelom, blastocoel
251.
Nematodes: The pseudocoel is filled with ___ ___.

pseudocoelomic fluid
252.
The alimentary canal of nematodes is ____ (complete/incomplete).

The digestive tract is differentiated into the mouth, pharynx,
intestine and anus. The pharynx is ____ (muscular/non-muscular)
and is used to suck food. The intestine is ____ (muscular/nonmuscular). The mouth is surrounded by ____ lips.
complete, muscular, non-muscular, three
253.
____, ____ and ____ systems are absent in nematodes. The skeleton
is not ____. The pseudocoelomic fluid present in the pseudocoelom
maintains the body shape and forms ____.
Skeletal, respiratory, circulatory, mineralized, hydroskeleton
254.
Gaseous exchange occurs through ____ in nematodes. The

pseudocoelomic fluid transports minerals.
diffusion
255.
The nervous system of nematodes consists of a ____ ____ that gives

rise to nerves forwards as well as backwards.
circumpharyngeal ring
34
256.
Nematodes have three types of sense organs. Name them.

Papillae, Amphids and Phasmids
257.
Papillae are raised structures that appear on the ____, on the sides
and behind the ____ aperature. All papillae are ___ in function.
lips, cloacal, tactile
258.
____ are tangoreceptors.

Papillae
259.
Amphids are pits and are present on the ____. They act as ____
(hint: what do they sense?).
lips, chemoreceptors
260.
Phasmids are unicellular ____ located upon lateral sides of the

posterior end. They are ____ in nature.
glands, glandulosensory
261.
The excretory system of nematodes consists of ____ ____ or of ___

or of both.
gland cells, canals
262.
Excretory system of nematodes: In Ascaris, ____-shaped excretory

system of canals and complicated giant cell called ___ ___ is
present.
H, Renette cell
263.
The main excretory matter in nematodes is ____. However, in

Ascaris, ____ is excreted as well.
ammonia, urea
264.
Nematodes are ____, i.e. sexes are separate. Generally, they show
sexual ____. ____ (Males/Females) are longer than ____
35
(males/females) and is straight. The male is curved from its ___

end.
dioecious, dimorphism, Females, males, caudal
265.
In
nematodes,
(sexual/asexual)
fertilization
reproduction.
is
____.
There
Development
is
is
no
____
mostly
____
(direct/indirect).
internal, asexual, direct
266.
Nematodes: The male has ___ ___ for copulation. The genital tract
joins the digestive tract to form ____. In females, the genital tract
opens _____. The female lays numerous eggs. The shell of the egg
has an outer ____ layer and an inner ____ layer.
penial spicules, cloaca, independently, chitinous, lipid
267.
Nematodes: Cleavage is ____ ____ and ____ type.

holoblastic spiral, determinate
268.
____ organisms have a fixed number of cells when they reach

maturity, the exact number being ____ for any one species.
Development proceeds by ___ ___ until maturity. Further growth
occurs via ___ ___ only.
Eutelic, constant, cell division, cell enlargement
269.
TRUE OR FALSE? Nematodes are eutelic organisms.

True
270.
Nematodes are classified into two on the basis of specialised ____

organs, ____ receptors and ____ system. The two classes are: ___
and ____.
sense, caudal, excretory, Aphasmidia, Phasmidia
271.
In aphasmidia, ____ are absent. Examples of aphasmidia are ____,
36
____ and ____.

phasmids, Trichinella (Trichinia worm), Trichuris (Whip worm)
272.
In phasmidia, phasmids are present near the ___ end of the body
while amphids are present near the ___ end.
hind, anterior
273.
Examples of phasmidia are: _____ _____ (Giant intestinal round

worm), ____ (Pin worm or seat worm), _____ (Hook worm), ____
(Filarial worm).
Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius, Ancylostoma, Wuchereria
274.
Roundworm is found in the ____ intestine. The pin worm is found

in the ____ intestine. The hookworm is found in the ____ intestine.
small, large, small
275.
Wuchereria (filarial worm) is found in the ___ vessels/glands. It is

____ (digenetic). It causes ____
lymph, viviparous, elephantiasis
276.
____ is an African eye worm. It lives in the ____ connective tissue of

man. It causes loiasis which causes a subcutaneous swelling called
___ ___ of the eyes.
Loa-loa, subdermal, calabar swelling
277.
The genus ____ of nematodes includes free living and semiparasitic forms.
Rhabditis
278.
Adult Trichinella spiralis is found in the ____ intestine of human

beings and some other mammals like pigs, rodents, etc. However,
its encysted larvae are present in the ____ muscles of the host. It is
____ (gives birth to living offspring that develops within the
37
mothers body).
small, striated, viviparous
279.
Dracunculus medinensis, the guinea worm, occurs in the ____ tissue

of man. When the host comes in contact with ___ ___, the female
worm found below the skin, releases larvae in the water. The larva
penetrate the body of ____, which serve as a secondary host.
subcutaneous, cold water, Cyclops
280.
____ is the oldest discovered nematode.

Dracunculus
281.
Look at the figure of Ascaris below.
282.
Look at some parasitic nematodes affecting man in the figure

below.
38
283.
ANNELIDA
The name Annelida was given by ____.
Lamarck
284.
Annelida are free living. They are found in ___ soil, ____
(fresh/marine) water. A few of them are parasites.
moist, fresh and marine
285.
The body of annelida is ____ (soft/hard), elongated and ___ or ____

in shape. It is divided externally into segments or ____ by ring-like
grooves called ____. (This is called metameric segmentation, which
is characteristic of annelids.) Internally, their body is divided by
transverse ___.
soft, cylindrical, flat, metameres, annuli, septa
39
286.
In annelida, the first segment (metamere) is called ____. An

outgrowth called ____ arises from it.
peristomium, prostomium
287.
Annelida show ____ symmetry. The germ layer is ____. The level of
organisation is _____-system level having ____ ____ ____ plan.
bilateral, triploblastic, organ, tube within tube
288.
The anterior end forms a distinct ____ with ____ organs in a few
annelida.
head, sense
289.
Except leeches, unjointed chitinous ____ are often present in

annelida. Some annelids, like ____, have unjointed locomotory
structures called ____.
setae, Nereis, parapodia ( para = parallel; podia = feet)
290.
The body wall of annelids consists of thin and moist non-cellular

___, ____ (hint: number) layered epidermis and ____ and ____
muscles. The muscles are smooth and highly ____ and help in
locomotion.
cuticle, single, circular, longitudinal, contractile
291.
The body wall of annelids may have minute chitinous ____.

setae
292.
A true coelom (body cavity) is present in annelids. The coelom is

lined by mesodermal coelomic ____. From the evolution point of
view, annelids are, perhaps, the first animals to have a true ____
coelom.
epithelium, schizocoelic
293.
In most annelids, the coelom is divided by septa into _____. The
40
coelom is filled with ____ fluid, which contains ____.

compartments, coelomic, cells
294.
The ___ fluid serves as hydroskeleton in annelids.

coelomic
295.
____ are the first protostomi eucoelomate animals.

Annelids
296.
KNOWLEDGE: Gastrulation is a phase, early in the embryonic

development of most animals, during which the single-layer
blastula is reorganized into a trilaminar (three-layered) structure
known as gastrula. These three germ layers are known as
ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
---
297.
KNOWLEDGE: The majority of coelomate invertebrates develop

as protostomes (first mouth) in which the oral end of the animal
develops from the first developmental opening, the blastophore. In
deuterostomes (second mouth), the oral end of the animal
develops from a second opening on the dorsal surface of the animal
while the blastophore becomes the anus.
---
298.
KNOWLEDGE:
In
protostomes,
during
gastrulation,
the
mesoderm splits off from the endoderm and then splits into two
chambers on either side of the gut to form coelomic pouches. This is
referred to as schizocoelic coelom formation because the mesoderm
splits open to form the two chambers.
--299.
KNOWLEDGE: Indeterminate development is one in which each

of the cells of the eight-cell embryo, if separated remain capable of
41
developing as complete organisms. Determinate development is one

in which the development fate of each cell in the adult organism has
already been determined.
--300.
KNOWLEDGE: Look at the figure below to understand the

development of protostomes and deuterostomes.
301.
The digestive tract of annelids is _____ (complete/incomplete),

straight and extends through the ____ body. The gut has both ____
and ____ muscles.
complete, entire, circular, longitudinal
42
302.
Few annelids are ____ (subsisting on blood, eg. leeches). ____

glands developed for the first time in annelids.
sanguivorous, Digestive
303.
Respiration in annelids is through the ____ (cutaneous respiration).

Some annelids have ____ (branchial respiration). Branchial
respiration is seen in ___.
skin, gills, Terebella
304.
The circulatory system of annelids is of the ____ (open/closed) type.

In annelids, blood is red due to the presence of respiratory
pigments ____ or ____ found dissolved in blood plasma.
closed, haemoglobin, erythrocruorin
305.
In annelids like ____, the respiratory pigment Chlorocruorin is

present.
Seballa
306.
In annelids like Seballa, the respiratory pigment ____ is present.

Chlorocruorin
307.
In annelids, free ____ blood corpuscles are present, but there are no
____ blood corpuscles.
amoeboid, red
308.
In leech, there is no true blood ____ system. The coelomic space

and fluid are modified to form the circulatory system. It is called
____ system and the red coelomic fluid is called ____ fluid.
vascular, haemocoelomic, haemocoelomic
309.
The excretory system of annelids consists of coiled tubular

structures called ____, which helps in osmoregulation and
excretion. Ammonia is the chief excretory waste in ____
43
(land/aquatic) forms while urea is the excretory waste for ___

(land/aquatic) forms.
nephridia, aquatic, land
310.
The nervous system of annelids consists of a circumcentric ___ ___

and a solid, double, mid-ventral ___ ___ with paired ___.
nerve ring, nerve cord, ganglia
311.
A ____ is an aggregation of nerve cells.

ganglion
312.
Annelids have ____ receptors (sensitive to touch), ____ receptors

(sensitive to taste) and ___ receptors (sensitive to light). Some forms
have ____ (balancing organs).
tactile, gustato, photo, statocysts
313.
Annelids are both unisexual (as in ____) and bisexual (as in leech,
earthworm).
Nereis
314.
Asexual reproduction by ___ or ____ is seen in some annelids.

budding, fission
315.
In annelids, cleavage is ____ and ____ unequal and holoblastic.

Regeneration is usually found.
spiral, determinate
316.
Development in annelids is mostly ____ (direct/indirect). If there is

indirect development, it includes a ____ larva.
direct, trochophore
317.
Sucking of impure blood by leech is called ____.

phlebotomy
318.
Annelids have circular and longitudinal muscles in both the body
44
wall and the ____ wall.

gut
319.
On the basis of the number and presence/absence of setae, annelida

is divided into five classes. Name them.
Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, Archiannelida, Echiurida
320.
POLYCHAETA
Most polychaeta are found in ____ (fresh/sea) water.
sea
321.
In polychaeta, cephalisation is ___ (less/more) distinct. It has a

head with well developed ____, ____ and olfactory ____.
more, head, tentacles, palps
322.
Polychaeta have well developed parapodia with numerous ____.

Suckers are ____ (absent/present).
setae, absent
323.
In polychaeta, clitellum is ____ (absent/present). The animals are

____ (unisexual/bisexual) and gonads are formed only during the
___ season.
absent, unisexual, breeding
324.
In polychaeta, development is ____ (direct/indirect). The larval

stage is called ____.
indirect, trochophore
325.
The polychaeta, ____, known as sand worm.

Nereis
326.
The polychaeta, ____, known as sea mouse.

Aphrodite
327.
The polychaeta, ____, known as lug worm.
45
Arenicola
328.
The polychaeta, ____, known as peacock worm.

Seballa
329.
The polychaeta, ____, known as paddle worm. It shows ____ (hint:

gives light) and has great powers of ____.
Chaetopterus, biofluorescence, regeneration
330.
The polychaeta, ____, known as palalo worm.

Eunice
331.
The polychaeta, ____, known as scale worm.

Polynoe
332.
The polychaeta, ____, known as smooth blood worm.

Glycera
333.
The polychaeta, ____, respire by gills.

Terebella
334.
OLIGOCHAETA
Most oligochaeta are ___ (aquatic/terrestrial), but some are ____
(aquatic/terrestrial).
terrestrial, aquatic
335.
Cephalisation is ____ (absent/present) in oligochaeta. There are no

distinct head, eyes, tentacles and ____ palps.
absent, olfactory
336.
The body of oligochaeta has only a few ___. These are situated in
___ present in the body wall a single setae is present in a bag.
____ and suckers are absent.
setae, microbags, Parapodia
46
337.
TRUE OR FALSE? There is no metamorphosis in oligochaeta.

True
338.
In oligochaeta, clitellum is permanently present for ____ formation.

Fertilization is ____ and is held in ____.
cocoon, external, cocoon
339.
Oligochaeta
are
____
(unisexual/bisexual)
or
____.
Cross
fertilisation takes place and is ___.

bisexual, hermaphrodite, external
340.
Development in oligochaeta is ____ (direct/indirect). There ____

(is/is no) larva stage.
direct, is no
341.
The oligochaeta, ____ ____, is the common Indian earthworm.

Pheretima posthuma
342.
The oligochaeta, ____, is the European earthworm.

Lumbricus
343.
The oligochaeta, ____ ____, is the largest earthworm in India. It is

found in southern India.
Dravida grandis
344.
The oligochaetae, ____ and ____ are found in fresh water.

Dero, Nais
345.
The oligochaeta, ____, is the blood worm. It is found in fresh water.

It is an indicator of ___ loading. It feeds on organic matter found in
_____.
Tubifex, organic, sewage
346.
___ ___ is the longest earthworm in the world.

Magascolex australis
47
347.
HIRUDINEA
Hirudinea are ____ leeches. They do not have ____ or ____. They
may be aquatic or terrestrial. They are sanguivorous.
ectoparasitic, parapodia, setae
348.
In hirudinea, beneath the muscular layer of the body wall and

surrounding alimentary canal is a peculiar connective tissue called
the ____ tissue.
botryoidal
349.
Leeches have a ____ (hint: coelom type) system. The coelom is

divided in ____ having coelomic fluid and haemoglobin. Botryoidal
tissue made up of ____ tissue for ____ storage is present.
haemocoelomic, tubes, adipose, fat
350.
Cephalisation is ____ (absent/present) in hirudinea.

absent
351.
There is no distinct head, eyes, tentacles or olfactory palps in

hirudinea. The buccal cavity has ____-like ____ teeth.
saw, chitinous
352.
In hirudinea, parapodia and setae are ____ (absent/present). ____

are present at both ends.
absent, Suckers
353.
Hirudinea are ____ (unisexual/bisexual). Fertilization is ___

(internal/external). The clitellum, present between the ___
segments, develops only during the ____season. Such clitellum are
known as ____ clitellum.
bisexual, external, 9 11, breeding, temporary
354.
Development in hirudinea is ____ (direct/indirect). No larva stage is
48
involved.
direct
355.
The number of segments in hirudinea is fixed. There are ___

segments.
33
356.
The saliva of the leech contains an anticoagulant, called ____,

which prevents blood from clotting during sucking.
hirudin
357.
The hirudinea, ____ ____ is the cattle leech. It has ____ pairs of
eyes on the dorsal surface.
Hirudinaria granulosa, five
358.
The hirudinea, ____ and ____, fresh water leech.

Hirudinaria, Glossiphonia
359.
The hirudinea, ____, is the sea leech. The male is ill developed and
lives permanently in the ____ of the female. It is ____
(unisexual/bisexual).
Bonellia, uterus, unisexual
360.
The hirudinea, ____, has skate suckers.

Pontobdella
361.
The hirudinea, ____, is a medicinal leech.

Hirudo
362.
The hirudinea, ____, is a terrestrial leech.

Haemadipsa
363.
The hirudinea, ____, is the horse leech.

Haemopis
49
364.
The hirudinea, ____, is an ectoparasite. It is parasitic on fish. It is

the only known leech with setae.
Acanthobdella
365.
The hirudinea, ____, is the connecting link between oligochaeta and

hirudinea.
Acanthobdella
366.
ARCHIANNELIDA
Archiannelida are ____ (fresh/salt) water animals with a ___
(small/large) body.
salt, small
367.
____ segmentation is faint in archiannelida but ____ segmentation

is by septae and is complete.
External, internal
368.
Cephalisation is ____ (absent/present) in archiannelida. Distinct

head, eyes, tentacles and olfactory palps are absent.
absent
369.
Parapodia and setae are ____ (absent/present) in archiannelida.

absent
370.
Archiannelida are ____ (unisexual/bisexual). Clitellum is ____

(absent/present). Development is ____(direct/indirect). The larval
stage is called ____.
unisexual, absent, indirect, trochophore
371.
The archiannelida, ____, is the connecting link between annelida

and mollusca. The larva of this archiannelida is known as ___ ___.
Polygordius, Lovens Larva
372.
____, ____ and ____ are archiannelida.

Protodrillus, Dinophilus, Nerilla
50
373.
ECHIURIDA
Echiurida are without external and internal ____. ____ are rare.
segmentation, Setae
374.
Give two examples of Echiurida.

Bonellia, Echiurus
375.
___ ___ is a marine annelid known for its sexual dimorphism.

Bonellia viridis
376.
MISCELLANEOUS
The annelida, ____, is commonly called the clam worm or sand
worm or rag worm. Its reproductive phase is called ____.
Nereis, heteronereis
377.
____ is known as the paddle worm. It is highly phosphorescent and

emits ____ light.
Chaetopterus, blue-green
378.
In the annelid, ____, the female shows parental care and guards the
eggs for hatching.
Pontobdella
379.
QUESTIONS FROM DINESH

PORIFERA: VOL. I: PAGE 313
3. Choanocytes are present in
a. Incurrent canals
b. Radial canals
c. Excurrent canals
d. Spongocoel
c
380.
6. Which is the inhalent aperture in a sponge?

a. Prosopyle
51
b. Apopyle
c. Osculum
d. Ostium
d
381.
8. Flagellate larva of sponges is

a. Amphiblastula
b. Planaria
c. Planula
d. Hydrula
a
382.
14. Who considered sponges as animal first?

a. Aristotle
b. Darwin
c. Leeuwenhoek
d. Ellis
d
383.
15. The precious sponge is

a. Hyalonema
b. Euplectella
c. Euspongia
d. Grantia
b
384.
20. Common larva of sponge is

a. Tadpole
b. Planula
c. Placula
d. Parenchymula
d
52
385.
24. Euplectella is a symbol of union till death because

a. Its basal root tuft and upper part symbolise the two sexes.
b. A young shrimp pair gets entrapped in the sponge
c. It symbolises the goddess of marriage
d. It contains a sieve plate in the osculum region.
b
386.
25. Root tuft passes as columella and then forms gastral cone in
a. Hyalonema
b. Spongia
c. Spongilla
d. Cliona
a
387.
29. Difference between sponges and other metazoans is

a. Sponges do not contain blood
b. Sponges possess cellular level of organization
c. Sponges do not have cell division
d. Sponges do not have division of labour
b
388.
35. Choanocytes are

a. Uniflagellate
b. Biflagellate
c. Tetraflagellate
d. Multiflagellate
a
389.
36. Digestion of food is completed in sponges in

a. Choanocytes
b. Trophocytes
53
c. Thesocytes
d. Phagocytes
b
390.
39. Collencytes of sponges are connected with the production of

a. Collagen fibres
b. Spicules
c. Spongin fibres
d. Both b and c
a
391.
40. Myocytes of sponges are modified

a. Choanocytes
b. Amoebocytes
c. Pinacocytes
d. Gland cells
c
392.
41. Cells peculiar to porfers are

a. Choanocytes
b. Porocytes
c. Both a and b
d. Amoebocytes
c
393.
42. Myocytes of sponges show

a. Contractibility
b. Nervous excitation
c. Secretion of fibres
d. All the above
a
54
394.
45. In sponges, the germ cells are

a. Flagellate
b. Nonflagellate
c. Uniflagellate sperm and nonflagellate egg
d. Multiflagellate sperm and nonflagellate egg
c
395.
47. Demospongiae have

a. Monoaxon spicules
b. Triason spicules
c. Tetraxon spicules and spongin fibres
d. All the above
d
396.
49. Regeneration ability of sponges was first studied by

a. Grant
b. Wilson
c. Ellis
d. Aristotle
b
397.
50. Sponges are generally

a. Hermaphrodite
b. Unisexual
c. Sexually sterile
d. Either b or c
c
398.
54. Scypha has

a. Spherical symmetry
b. Bilateral symmetry
55
c. Radial symmetry
d. No symmetry
c
399.
55. A colonial sponge is

a. Euplectella
b. Hyalonema
c. Leucosolenia
d. Cliona
c
400.
57. The simplest type of canal system is

a. Asconoid
b. Sycanoid
c. Leuconoid
d. Rhagon type
a
401.
58. Ascanoid canal system occurs in

a. Grantia
b. Scypha
c. Leucosolenia
d. Spongilla
c
402.
60. A sponge that contains a sieve plate in the region of its osculum
is
a. Hyalonena
b. Spongia
c. Euplectella
d. Cliona
c
56
403.
62. Euplectella is a precious gift it contains

a. A pearl
b. A gem
c. Remains of shrimp pair
d. Coral
c
404.
65. The largest sponge is

a. Olynthus
b. Hyppospongia
c. Spheclospongia
d. Spongia
c
405.
66. Spongia is
a. Unisexual
b. Hermaphrodite
c. Elongated
d. Both b and c
a
406.
67. The skeleton of sponge is

a. Ectodermal
b. Endodermal
c. Exoskeleton
d. Endoskeleton
d
407.
69. Spongilla is
a. Mermaids Glove
b. Crown sponge
57
c. Fresh water sponge

d. Venus flower basket
c
408.
71. Olynthus is
a. Hypothetic sponge ancestor
b. Sponge larva
c. Prolarva
d. A living sponge
a
409.
77. Reproductive cells present in gemmules are

a. Germ cells
b. Archaeocytes
c. Chromocytes
d. Phagocytes
b
410.
78. Opening of osculum is regulated partly by cells

a. Myocytes
b. Porocytes
c. Archaecytes
d. Chaonocytes
a
411.
79. Triaxon spicules occur in

a. Hexactinellida
b. Calcarea
c. Demospongiae
d. All the above
a
58
412.
81. A function not connected with the canal system is

a. Circulation of water
b. Gaseous exchange
c. Nutrition
d. Formation of reduction bodies
d
413.
88. Best bath sponge comes from

a. Indian Ocean
b. Mediterranean Sea
c. Arabian Sea
d. Gulf of Mexico
b
414.
89. Asymmetrical sponges mostly occur in

a. Calcarea
b. Hexactinellida
c. Demospongiae
d. All the above
c
415.
90. Dead Mans Finger is

a. Coral
b. Echinoderm
c. Sponge
d. Infected appendix
c
416.
93. Poterion occurs in

a. Deep sea
b. Shallow sea
59
c. Estuary
d. Fresh water
b
417.
113. Sponges have evolved from

a. Ciliates
b. Flagellates
c. Protozoans
d. Choanoflagellates
d
418.
115. Internal bud for overcoming unfavourable conditions in

Spongilla is
a. Budding
b. Regeneration
c. Gemmule
d. Parenchymula
c
419.
117. In sponges, canal system develops due to

a. Gastrovascular system
b. Folding of inner walls
c. Porous walls
d. Reproduction
b
420.
123. Incurrent canals are lined by

a. Veliger
b. Auricularia
c. Parenchymula
d. Trochophore
c
60
421.
124. Choanocytes in Ascon-type of canal system form lining of

a. Spongocoel
b. Porocyte
c. Apopyle
d. Incurrent canal
a
422.
128. Sponge structure corresponding to mouth of other animal is

a. Incurrent canal
b. Ostium
c. Osculum
d. Excurrent canal
b
423.
130. After drying, a bath sponge contains

a. Holdfast
b. Tentacles
c. Spicules
d. Spongin fibres
d
424.
132. Type of spongocoel/canal system found in Leucosolenia is

a. Ascon
b. Leucon
c. Sycon
d. Rhagon
a
425.
137. Which cell of Leucosolenia sponge is self replicating and

capable of giving rise to other cell?
a. Choanocyte
61
b. Collencyte
c. Amoebocyte
d. Chromocyte
c
426.
138. Sponges are porifers because their bodies have

a. Spicules in skeleton
b. Several pores
c. Canal system
d. All of the above
b
427.
143. The one absent in sponges is

a. Nerve cell
b. Gland cell
c. Sensory cell
d. All the above
a
428.
144. Canal system of porifera is not connected with

a. Nutrition
b. Sexual reproduction
c. Respiration
d. None of the above
b
429.
146. Fresh water sponge is

a. Euspongia
b. Spongilla
c. Cliona
d. Euplectella
b
62
430.
147. What is not correct about sponges?

a. Internal fertilization
b. Gemmule formation
c. External fertilization
d. Gametes are formed from epidermal cells
c
431.
CYG 1: Porocytes occur in

a. Mesenchyme
b. Gastroderm
c. Pinacoderm
d. Traverse all the above
d
432.
CYG 7: A green sponge is

a. Spongia
b. Leucosolenia
c. Spongilla
d. Scypha (= Sycon)
c
433.
CYG 9: Conules occur on the surface of

a. Scypha
b. Leucosolenia
c. Euspongia
d. Spongilla
c
434.
COELENTERATA AND CTENOPHORA: VOL. I: Pg. 327

1. The study of coelenterata is known as
A. Arthrology
63
B. Splanchnology
C. Cnidology
D. Nidology
C
435.
5. The oral cone of Hydra is called

A. Manubrium
B. Mouth
C. Osculum
D. Ostium
A
436.
6. The number of tentacles in Hydra are

A. 6 10
B. 10 16
C. 16 20
D. 20 26
A
437.
7. Gland cells for secreting adhesive material in Hydra are present

in
A. Pedal disc
B. Stomach region
C. Growth region
D. Hypostome
A
438.
8. Supporting lamella of Hydra is

A. Mesogloea
B. Gastrodermis
64
C. Epidermis
D. None of the above
A
439.
9. Hydra is immortal because

A. Old cells are replaced by new cells
B. Cells do not grow old
C. Of regeneration
D. It never dies
A
440.
10. Nematoblasts in Hydra are commonly of

A. 2 types
B. 3 types
C. 4 types
C
441.
12. Nematoblasts with blind thread tube is called

A. Stenotele
B. Desmoneme
C. Stereoline glutinant
D. Streptoline glutinant
B
442.
13. Nematocyst is a
A. Cell
B. Group of cells
C. Organ
D. Part of a cell
D
65
443.
14. The smallest cnidoblast in the body of Hydra is

A. Penetrant
B. Volvent
C. Atrichous isorhiza
D. Holotrichous isorhiza
C
444.
15. The largest nematoblast is

A. Stenotele
B. Desmoneme
C. Small glutinant
D. Large glutinant
A
445.
16. Germ cells of Hydra are

A. Ectodermal
B. Mesodermal
C. Endodermal
A
446.
18. One of the following is a coelenterate

A. Sea Fan
B. Sea Dollar
C. Sea Cucumber
D. Sea Horse
A
447.
19. The mesolamella/mesogloea is formed by

A. Epidermis
B. Gastrodermis
66
C. Epidermis and Gastrodermis

D. Mesoderm
C
448.
21. Hydra does not feed on lower animals because

A. They are so small
B. They are distasteful
C. They lack glutathione
C
449.
22. Digestion in the enteron of Hydra starts with

A. Protelytic enzymes
B. Amylolytic enzymes
C. Lipolytic enzymes
A
450.
23. Perisarc is absent in Hydra because

A. It is fixed
B. It is free swimming
C. Epidermis cannot secrete it
B
451.
25. Hydra is
A. Insectivorous
B. Frugivorous
C. Omnivorous
D. Carnivorous
D
67
452.
26. Which part of Hydra is without supporting lamella

A. Basal disc
B. Central part of pedal disc
C. Tentacles
B
453.
27. Which part of Hydra is without nematoblasts

A. Pedal disc
B. Tentacles
C. Manubrium
D. Stomach region
A
454.
28. In which nematoblast thread tube is unarmed and open at the

tip?
A. Penetrant
B. Volvent
C. Small glutinant
D. Large glutinant
C
455.
29. Tentacles of Hydra are

A. Hollow
B. Solid
C. Half hollow and half solid
A
456.
31. Which nematoblasts coil around the prey?

A. Penetrants
68
B. Volvents
C. Small glutinants
D. Large glutinants
B
457.
32. Nematoblasts responsible for locomotion are

A. Penetrants
B. Volvents
C. Glutinants
C
458.
33. Hypnotoxin is
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipid
A
459.
35. Epitheliomuscular cells of epidermis of Hydra form

A. Circular muscles
B. Oblique muscles
C. Longitudinal muscles
C
460.
36. A colonial hydrozoan is

A. Hydra
B. Metridium
C. Aurelia
69
D. Obelia
D
461.
39. Metagenesis is found in

A. Hydra
B. Obelia
C. Aurelia
D. Tubipora
B
462.
41. Hydra can digest all types of food except

A. Protein
B. Fats
C. Starches
C
463.
42. Mesogloea of Hydra contains

A. Nerve cells
B. Phagocytic cells
C. Interstitial cells
D
464.
43. Cnidom is a
A. Battery of nematoblasts
B. Group of nematoblasts
C. Armed thread
D. Unarmed thread
B
465.
44. Larva of Hydra is
70
A. Absent
B. Planula
C. Tadpole
D. Hydrula
A
466.
45. A coral island with a central shallow lake is known as

A. Coral reef
B. Lagoon
C. Atoll
D. Corallite
C
467.
47. Chitinous covering or perisarc is present in

A. Obelia
B. Hydra
C. Aurelia
D. Physalia
A
468.
48. Blastostyle of Obelia bears

A. Tentacles
B. Polyps
C. Medusae
D. Gonads
C
469.
49. Polyps of Obelia are

A. Reproductive zooids
B. Nutritive zooids
C. Zooids meant for dispersal
71
D. All the above

B
470.
50. Pneumatophore is present in

A. Hydra
B. Obelia
C. Aurelia
D. Physalia
D
471.
51. Reproductive zooids of Physalia are

A. Medusae
B. Cormidia
C. Gastrozooids
D. Gonophores
D
472.
52. A cormidium of Physalia consists of

A. Tentacles
B. Zooids
C. Both A and B
D. Tentacles, zooids and Pneumatophores
C
473.
54. Hermit crab develops a beneficial association with

A. Adamsia
B. Aurelia
C. Gorgonia
D. Pennatula
A
474.
60. Skeleton present in coelenterates is
72
A. Endoskeleton
B. Exoskeleton
C. Both A and B
B
475.
61. Exoskeleton of coelenterates is

A. Siliceous
B. Chitinous
C. Calcareous
D. Both B and C
D
476.
64. Glutathione is
A. Protein
B. Tripeptide
C. Polysaccharide
D. Trisaccharide
B
477.
65. Brown Hydra is

A. Hydra vulgaris
B. Hydra viridis
C. Hydra fusca
D. Hydra gangeticus
C
478.
67. Gonads are Endodermal in

A. Hydra
B. Obelia
C. Physalia
73
D. Aurelia
D
479.
68. In corals, the gonads are

A. Endodermal
B. Ectodermal
C. Mesodermal
D. Mesogloeal
A
480.
69. Gastrovascular cavity or coelenteron is partitioned in

A. Hydrozoa
B. Scyphozoa
C. Actinozoa
D. Both B and C
C
481.
70. Coelenterate without medusoid stage in lifecycle is

A. Obelia
B. Aurelia
C. Physalia
D. Metridium
D
482.
71. Contractile structure of nematoblast is

A. Lasso
B. Cnidocil
C. Tube
D. Refractive rods
A
483.
72. Sensory structure of a cnidoblast is
74
A. Cnidocil
B. Refractile rods
C. Myonemes
D. Operculum
A
484.
73. Zoochlorellae or zooxanthellae of coloured Hydra occur in

A. Epithelio-muscular cells
B. nutritive cells
C. Mesogloea
D. Interstitial cells
B
485.
74. Sensory cells of Hydra possess

A. Flagellum
B. Hair-like processes
C. Cilia
D. Pseudopodia
B
486.
75. Growth zone of Hydra is

A. Diffused
B. Near the foot
C. Below hypostome
D. In the middle
C
487.
76. The body of Hydra contracts with the help of

A. Epitheliomuscular cells
B. Endotheliomuscular cells
C. Sensory cells
75
D. Glandulo-muscular cells
A
488.
77. In Hydra, all old cells are replace in

A. 15 days
B. 30 days
C. 45 days
D. 60 days
C
489.
78. Sea Fur is

A. Hydra
B. Obelia
C. Adamsia
D. Gorgonia
B
490.
79. Obelia is
A. Sedentary
B. Attached but capable of locomotion
C. Motile
D. Free floating
A
491.
80. Hydra shows locomotion by

A. Somersaulting and looping
B. Gliding and climbing
C. Walking, floating and swimming
D. All the above
D
492.
81. Number of tentacles in a polyp of Obelia is
76
A. 5 10
B. 10 15
C. 15 20
D. 20 30
D
493.
82. Tentacles of Obelia are

A. Hollow
B. Solid
C. Internally chambered
D. Spiny and hollow
B
494.
83. In Physalia, the float is

A. Crimson
B. Brown
C. Blue
D. Colourless
C
495.
84. Crest or sail of float in Physalia is differently coloured. It is

A. Yellow
B. Crimson
C. Violet
D. Black
B
496.
85. In Physalia, zooids occur in groups called

A. Conulae
B. Palpons
C. Cormidia
77
D. Dactyloids
C
497.
86. Feeding zooids of Physalia are called

A. Gastrozooids
B. Dactylozoids
C. Gonodendra
D. Gonopalpons
A
498.
87. In Physalia, nematoblasts paralyse the prey by

A. Haemotoxin
B. Neurotoxin
C. Myotoxin
D. Both B and C
B
499.
88. Jelly fish Aurelia occurs abundantly in

A. Mumbai coast
B. Tamil Nadu coast
C. Bay of Bengal
D. All the above
B
500.
89. Aurelia has

A. Two smooth oral arms
B. Two nematoblast rich oral arms
C. Four tentacles
D. Four cnidoblast rich oral arms
D
501.
90. Which one is bioluminescent?
78
A. Aurelia
B. Astraea
C. Adamsia
D. Metridium
A
502.
91. Sea anemone is characterised by

A. A whorl of several tentacles
B. Many whorls of tentacles
C. Irregularly placed tentacles
D. Absence of tentacles
B
503.
92. Corals are generally

A. Solitary
B. Colonial
C. Stony
D. Both B and C
D
504.
93. A coral stone is made of

A. Several corallites
B. Corallium
C. A single corallite
D. Both A and B
D
505.
96. Great Barrier Reef is

A. 1000 km long
B. 2100 km long
C. 2400 km long
79
D. 3600 km long
B
506.
98. Which one has a tree-like branched form?

A. Pennatula
B. Gorgonia
C. Physalia
D. Porpita
B
507.
99. Anthocodia is
A. Medusoid zooid
B. Polypid zooid
C. Whole zooid
D. Distal part of zooid with mouth and tentacles
D
508.
100. Siphonozoids of Pennatula differ for autozooids in

A. Having tentacles and gonads
B. Lacking mesenteries
C. Lacking tentacles and gonads
D. Having mesenteries
C
509.
101. Autozoids of Pennatula take part in

A. Capturing prey
B. Circulation
C. Feeding and reproduction
D. Feeding and circulation
C
510.
103. Pennatula and Gorgonia are
80
A. Hydrozoans
B. Scyphozoans
C. Corals
D. Ctenophores
C
511.
105. What is present in mesogloea of ctenophores which makes it a

loose layer of cells?
A. Amoebocytes
B. Elastic cells
C. Nerve cells and muscle cells
D. All the above
D
512.
106. Which is absent in ctenophores?

A. Epidermis
B. Intercellular and intracellular digestion
C. Cnidoblasts
D. Medusa phase
C
513.
107. Symmetry of ctenophores is generally

A. Bilateral
B. Radial
C. Biradial
D. Absent
C
514.
109. Tentacles are absent in

A. Beroe
B. Ctenoplana
81
C. Hormiphora
D. Obelia
A
515.
110. Ctenophores possess statocysts in

A. Oral region
B. Aboral region
C. Base of comb plates
D. Base of tentacles
B
516.
111. Comb plates of ctenophores possess

A. Cilia for locomotion
B. Cilia for filter feeding
C. Teeth for crushing
D. Teeth for filtering
A
517.
114. Anal pores occur in gastrovascular system of

A. Physalia
B. Corals
C. Aurelia
D. Ctenophores
D
518.
116. Zoochlorellae and zooxanthellae present in Hydra are

A. Symbionts in nutritive cells
B. Symbionts in the gut
C. Symbionts in cnidoblasts
D. Organisms that provide hypnotoxin
A
82
519.
117. Precious Red Coral is/Coral used in ornaments is

A. Astraea
B. Fungia
C. Corallium
D. Tubipora
C
520.
118. Jelly fishes belong to class

A. Hydrozoa
B. Scyphozoa
C. Anthozoa
B
521.
123. In Sea Anemone, the symmetry is

A. Radial
B. Spherical
C. Bilateral
D. Absent
A
522.
124. The cells absent in gastrodermis of Hydra are

A. Nutritive cells
B. Stinging cells/Cnidoblasts
C. Gland cells
D. Nerve/sensory cells
B
523.
125. Muscles of Hydra are

A. Smooth
B. Skeletal
83
C. Both A and B
D
524.
127. Budding is a normal mode of asexual reproduction in

A. Starfish and Hydra
B. Hydra and sponges
C. Tapeworm and Hydra
D. Sponge and starfish
B
525.
130. Nematocytes take part in

A. Locomotion
B. Offence and defence
C. Food capture
D. All the above
D
526.
131. Common between trichocysts of Paramecium and nematocysts

of Hydra is
A. Attachment and defence
B. Defence only
C. Sensitivity
D. Food capturing
A
527.
137. Which pair of cells is present in epidermis of Hydra but not in

its endoderm?
A. Stinging cells and interstitial cells
B. Gland cells and germ cells
C. Stinging cells and germ cells
84
D. Stinging cells and gland cells

C
528.
141. Testes/gonads are formed in Hydra from

A. Interstitial cells
B. Epithelio-muscular cells
C. Nerve cells
D. All the above
A
529.
142. Food of Hydra is

A. Aquatic plants
B. Aquatic animals
C. Algae and aquatic animals
D. Some crustaceans
D
530.
146. Mesogloea of Hydra is made of

A. Mucopolysaccharides
B. Protein
C. Protein and fat
D. Reticulate tissue
A
531.
150. Common name of Fungia is

A. Mushroom Coral
B. Red coral
C. Brain coral
D. Organ pipe coral
A
532.
151. In Hydra, new nematocysts develop from
85
A. Cnidocils
B. Glandular cells
C. Germ cells
D. Interstitial cells
D
533.
152. The largest nematocysts of Hydra are

A. Volvents
B. Penetrants
C. Atrichous isorhizas
D. Holotrichous isorhizas
B
534.
153. Polymorphism occurs in

A. Anthozoa
B. Scyphozoa
C. Rhizopoda
D. Hydrozoa
?D
535.
156. A polymorphic coelenterate is

A. Physalia
B. Fungia
C. Hydra
D. All the above
A
536.
158. In Hydra, digestion is

A. Extracellular
B. Intracellular
C. First extracellular and then intracellular
86
D. First intracellular and then extracellular

C
537.
159. Medusa of Obelia is

A. Carnivorous
B. Herbivorous
C. Detritus feeder
D. Omnivorous
A
538.
160. Sense organs of Aurelia are

A. Tentila
B. Tentaculocyst
C. Nematocyst
D. Otolith
B
539.
163. Ephyra is young stage of

A. Obelia
B. Sea anemone
C. Physalia
D. Aurelia
D
540.
164. Germ cells of Hydra are derived from

A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. Mesogloea
A
541.
169. In ectoderm of Hydra, bulk of cells are
87
A. Musculo-epithelial
B. Interstitial
C. Nematoblasts
D. Germ cells
A
542.
172. In Hydra, cnidoblasts employed during looping are

A. Volvents
B. Stenoteles
C. Atrichous isorhizas
D. Desmonemes
C
543.
173. Animals showing thigmotaxis is

A. Ascaris
B. Taenia
C. Fungia
D. Hydra
D
544.
177. Hydra will regenerate from a fragment, if it contains

A. Tentacles
B. Nematocysts
C. Colloblasts
D. Epitheliomuscular cells
B
545.
181. A mature Hydra usually bears

A. One testis and several ovaries
B. One testis and one ovary
C. Several testes and one ovary
88
D. Several testes and several ovaries

C
546.
184. Larva like stage of Hydra is

A. Hydrula
B. Hydratuba
C. Scyphula
D. Planula
A
547.
186. Hydra receives stimuli through

A. Nerve cells
B. Nerve net
C. Sensory cells
D. Nematocysts
C
548.
190. Symmetry found in Sea Anemone is

A. Radial
B. Biradial
C. Bilateral
D. Spherical
B
549.
192. Nematocysts of Hydra occur in maximum number over

A. Gastrodermis
B. Basal disc
C. Gonads
D. Tentacles
D
550.
196. Gastrodermis of Hydra is mainly made of
89
A. Musculoepithelial cells
B. Musculonutritive cells
C. Sensory cells
D. Cnidoblast cells
B
551.
197. Which of the following, during respiration, obtains water

dissolved oxygen by diffusion through body surface.
A. Cnidarians
B. Fishes
C. Amphibians
D. Reptiles
A
552.
201. Lagoon is
A. Full moon
B. Sea breaking into land and separated by sand dunes
C. Spot in desert with presence of water
D. Horse-shoe shaped coral reef
D
553.
202. In Hydra, nematocysts occur only in

A. Epidermis
B. Gastrodermis
C. Mesodermis
D. Endodermis
A
554.
213. Highest degree of polymorphism is found in

A. Protozoa
B. Cnidaria
90
C. Platyhelminthes
D. Arthropoda
B
555.
215. Comb plates occur in

A. Adamisia
B. Nereis
C. Pleurobrachia
D. Aurelia
C
556.
223. A radially symmetrical free swimming bioluminescent

diploblastic marine organism
A. Sea Fan
B. Sea Pen
C. Sea Walnut
D. Bath sponge
C
557.
224. Which is a coelenterate?

A. Balanoglossus
B. Physalia
C. Sycon
D. Branchiostoma
A
558.
CHECK YOUR GRASP: PAGE 337

CYG 2: Moon Jelly is
A. Metridium
B. Gorgonia
C. Aurelia aurita
D. Corallium nobile
91
C
559.
CYG 4: In Hydra, gastric enzymes are secreted by

A. Epithelioglandular cells
B. Endotheliomuscular cells
C. Epitheliomuscular cells
D. Endothelioglandular cells
D
560.
CYG 5: Interstitial cells take part in

A. Sealing the body layers
B. Transfer of materials between epidermis and gastrodermis
C. Replacement of old worn out cells
D. Formation of neurosensory complex
C
561.
CYG 6: In Hydra, ovary develops in

A. Proximal half
B. Distal half
C. Middle
D. Anywhere
A
562.
CYG 7: Discharged nematoblasts are replaced by new ones formed

from
A. Nematoblast initials
B. Interstitial cells
C. Amoebocytes
92
D. Archaeocytes
B
563.
CYG 8: Cells present in epidermis but absent in gastrodermia of

Hydra are
A. Musculo-epithelial cells
B. Nematoblasts
C. Germ cells
D. Both B and C
D
564.
CYG 9: Coral island with a central lake is

A. Atoll
B. Fringing reef
C. Barrier reef
D. All the above
A
565.
CYG 10: Blue Coral is

A. Meandrina
B. Millepora
C. Heliopora
D. Corallium
C
566.
PLATYHELMINTHES
6. Vital system absent in Tapeworm is
A. Nervous system
B. Digestive system
C. Excretory system
D. Reproductive system
B
93
567.
7. In which animal the pharynx can be everted?

A. Dugesia
B. Fasciola
C. Taenia
D. Ascaris
A
568.
8. Respiration in Dugesia is
A. Aerobic
B. Anaerobic
C. Both
A
569.
9. In platyhelminthes
A. Nerve cords are present
B. Nerve cords are absent
C. Nerve nets are present
D. Nerve nets are absent
A
570.
11. The tissue in platyhelminthes between viscera and body wall is

called
A. Coelom
B. Parenchyma
C. Mesoderm
D. Choanoderm
B
571.
15. Incomplete alimentary canal occurs in

A. Fasciola
94
B. Ascaris
C. Wuchereria
D. Rhabditis
A
572.
16. Which is free swimming stage in the lifecycle of Fasciola?

A. Miracidium
B. Sporocysts
C. Redia
A
573.
17. Proglottides of tapeworm proliferate from

A. Scolex
B. Other proglottids
C. Neck
D. Special region in neck
C
574.
20. Taenia saginata differs from Taenia solium as it lacks

A. Rostellum
B. Suckers
C. Scolex
A
575.
23. Which one is a blood fluke?

A. Schistosoma
95
B. Echinococcus
C. Fasciola
D. Taenia
A
576.
25. The secondary host of Taenia saginata is

A. Cow
B. Sheep
C. Pig
D. Both A and B
D
577.
27. In Schistosoma
A. Male is longer than female
B. Male is broader than female
C. Male has gynaecophoric canal for holding female
D. Both B and C
D
578.
28. The number of proglottids in Taenia solium is about

A. 500
B. 900
C. 300
D. 200
B
579.
29. Four suckers present on the scolex of tapeworm are meant for
A. Attachment
B. Sucking food
C. Crushing food
D. All the above
A
96
580.
35. Fasciola hepatica occurs in

A. Bile duct of sheep
B. Liver of sheep
C. Liver of man
D. Human bile ducts
A
581.
38. Hydatid worm is

A. Schistosoma indicum
B. Ancylostoma duodenale
C. Enterobius vermicularis
D. Echinococcus granulosus
D
582.
39. The infective stage of Fasciola hepatica is

A. Sporocyst
B. Redia
C. Cercaria
D. Metacercaria
D
583.
41. Hexacanth is activated by

A. Bile salts
B. Pancreatic juice
C. Intestinal juice
D. None
A
584.
42. Hexacanth reaches

A. Voluntary muscles
B. Involuntary muscles
97
C. Cardiac muscles
A
585.
44. Fasciola attaches itself to walls of the bile ducts by means of

A. Anterior sucker
B. Adhesive zone
C. Posterior sucker/acetabulum
D. Spiny cuticle and posterior sucker
D
586.
47. Scolex of Taenia solium contains

A. Rostellum
B. Hooks
C. Suckers
D. All the above
D
587.
48. Taenia solium attaches itself to the intestinal wall by means of

scolex through its
A. Suckers
B. Suckers and hooks
C. Hooks
D. Adhesive glands
B
588.
49. Fluke occurring in human beings is

A. Fasciolopsis
B. Fasciola
C. Dugesia
D. Echinococcus
A
98
589.
50. In case of human beings, hydatid cysts occur over

A. Stomach
B. Liver
C. Lungs
D. Both B and C
D
590.
52. in human beings, hydatid worm is

A. Secondary parasite
B. Periodic parasite
C. Incidental parasite
D. Ectoparasite
C
591.
55. Beef tapeworm attaches itself to the wall of intestine by means

of
A. Hooks
B. Hookless rostellum
C. Suckers
D. Minute spines
C
592.
56. Onchosphere infection of Taenia solium may occur in human

beings. It causes
A. Cysticercosis
B. Taeniasis
C. Bilharziasis
D. Enterobiasis
A
593.
57. Pigs pick up tapeworm infection because they are
99
A. Coprozoic
B. Coprophagus
C. Carnivorous
D. Scavengers
A
594.
58. Encapsulated embryos of Taenia contained in gravid proglottids

are
A. Eggs
B. Onchospheres
C. Capsules
D. Both B and C
D
595.
59. The larva or embryo present in onchosphere of tapeworm is

called
A. Cysticercus
B. Redia
C. Hexacanth
D. Metacercaria
C
596.
60. Inside pig, hexacanth larva gives rise to

A. Cercaria
B. Bladderworm
C. Cysticercus
D. Both B and C
D
100
597.
61. Protrusible in structure present over the scolex of tapeworm is

A. Rostellum
B. Sucker
C. Proglottis
D. Auricle
A
598.
62. Structures for attachment present over rostellum of tapeworm

are
A. Suckers
B. Spines
C. Hooks
D. Barbs
C
599.
63. Number and arrangement of hooks in the rostellum of Taenia

solium are
A. 12 22 in number
B. 22 32 in number
C. 22 32 in one whorl
D. 12 - 22 in two whorls
B
600.
64. Number of gravid proglottids expelled out at one time is

A. 4 5
B. 5 10
C. 10 20
D. 20 40
A
601.
65. Infection in which capsules pass out of the body through faeces
101
and urine
A. Cysticercosis
B. Schistosomiasis
C. Taeniasis
D. Both B and C
B
602.
66. Schistosoma lives in human body in

A. Lymph nodes
B. Urinary tract blood vessels
C. Mesenteric and hepatic portal veins
D. All the above
D
603.
68. The stage absent in life cycle of Schistostoma is

A. Miracidium
B. Redia
C. Cercaria
D. Both B and C
B
604.
69. Human infection of blood fluke occurs through

A. Metacercaria
B. Miracidium
C. Capsule
D. Cercaria
D
605.
70. Cercaria of blood fluke pass into human body through

A. Ingestion of food
B. Drinking of contaminated water
102
C. Direct penetration through skin

D. Both B and C
D
606.
71. What is true about male blood fluke?

A. Shorter and slender
B. Longer and slender
C. Longer and broader
D. Shorter and broader
D
607.
73. Bilharziasis is infection of

A. Echinococcus
B. Schistosoma
C. Opisthorchis
D. Fasciola
B
608.
74. Intestinal fluke is

A. Fasciola indica
B. Fasciolopsis buski
C. Opisthorchis sinensis
D. Schistosoma japonicum
B
609.
75. Chinese or Oriental liver fluke is

A. Opisthorchis sinensis
103
B. Schistosoma japonicum
C. Fasciola gigantica
D. Both B and C
A
610.
76. Liver fluke of cattle is

A. Fasciola hepatica
B. Fasciola gigantica
C. Schistosoma indicum
D. Schistosoma mansoni
B
611.
77. Lung fluke is

A. Paragonimus westermani
B. Schistosoma mansoni
C. Fasciola indica
D. Fasciolopsis buski
A
612.
78. Fascioliasis is
A. Liver rot of sheep
B. Cirrhosis of humans
C. Liver rot of cattle
D. Cirrhosis of pig
A
613.
79. Fasciola hepatica is

A. Ectoparasite
B. Monogenetic endoparasites
C. Digenetic endoparasites
D. Incidental parasite
C
104
614.
81. Primary host of liver fluke is

A. Snail
B. Pig
C. Cattle
D. Sheep
A
615.
83. Liver fluke has

A. Absorptive nutrition
B. Saprozoic nutrition
C. Holozoic nutrition
D. All the above
C
616.
84. Liver fluke living in bile ducts feed on

A. Bile
B. Blood and lymph
C. Epithelial cells
D. All the above
D
617.
85. Schistosoma is
A. Hermaphrodite but protandrous
B. Hermaphrodite but protogynous
C. Unisexual
D. Hermaphrodite with self fertilization
C
618.
86. Fasciola hepatica is

A. Hermaphrodite with self fertilization
B. Hermaphrodite with preferably cross fertilization
105
C. Unisexual
D. Sexually sterile
B
619.
87. In Fasciola hepatica, germination of capsule produces

A. Miracidium
B. Sporocyst
C. Redia
D. Cercaria
A
620.
88. Miracidium of liver fluke is

A. Herbivorous
B. Carnivorous
C. Omnivorous
D. Non-feeding
D
621.
89. Miracidium of liver fluke is

A. Free swimming
B. Creeping
C. Non-motile
D. Free floating
A
622.
90. Miracidium gives rise to

A. Sporocyst after entering snail
B. Sporocyst in contact with aquatic vegetation
C. Redia after entering snail
D. Redia in contact with aquatic vegetation
A
106
623.
91. Sheep pick up infection of liver fluke from

A. Redia
B. Cercaria
C. Metacercaria
D. Capsule
C
624.
92. Metacercaria of liver fluke is

A. Free swimming stage
B. Encysted stage
C. Non-encysted non-motile stage
D. Free floating stage
B
625.
93. Regeneration is absent in flatworm

A. Planaria
B. Fasciola
C. Schistosoma
D. Both B and C
D
626.
94. Pseudometamerism occurs in

A. Turbellaria
B. Trematoda
C. Cestoda
C
627.
95. Mouth of Dugesia is

A. Anterior
B. Antero-dorsal
107
C. Mid-ventral
D. Antero-ventral
C
628.
98. Adhesive zone of Dugesia is

A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Dorsal
D. Ventral
D
629.
102. Taenia saginata differs from Taenia solium in

A. Absence of scolex hooks
B. Absence of scolex hooks and uterine branching
C. Absence of scolex hooks and presence of both male and
female reproductive organs
D. Presence of scolex hooks
B
630.
103. Schistosoma is a parasite found in

A. Blood
B. Liver
C. Lungs
D. Intestine
A
631.
104. Onchosphere occurs in

A. Ascaris
B. Fasciola
C. Taenia
D. Planaria
B
108
632.
106. Larva of Schistosoma is

A. Cercaria
B. Planula
C. Cysticercus
D. Mullers larva
A
633.
110. Tapeworm does not possess digestive system as it

A. Does not require solid food
B. Obtains food through general surface
C. Does not require food
D. Lives in intestine
B
634.
111. Which one is not a larval stage of flatworm?

A. Redia
B. Cercaria
C. Bipinnaria
D. Miracidium
C
635.
116. Cysticerci in pig muscles can remain viable up to

A. One year
B. Six months
C. Six years
D. One month
B
636.
118. Both alternation of generations and alternation of hosts are

present in
A. Wuchereria
109
B. Fasciola
C. Taenia
D. Ascaris
B
637.
120. Laurers canal is found in

A. Amoeba
B. Paramecium
C. Fasciola
D. Hydra
C
638.
121. Which is true for Taenia?

A. Anterior proglottids contain male organs while ripe
proglottides have uterus filled with eggs
B. All proglottids have both male and female organs
C. Female organs are confined to anterior proglottids
D. Male organs are confined to posterior proglottides
A
639.
122. Alimentary canal is absent in

A. Taenia and Schistosoma
B. Ascaris and Fasciola
C. Taenia and Echinococcus
D. Tricuris and Fasciola
C
640.
123. Rhabdites occur in

A. Planaria/Dugesia
B. Fasciola
C. Taenia
110
D. Echinococcus
A
641.
124. In the life history of liver fluke are present (1) Cercaria (2)
Metacercaria (3) Sporocyst (4) Redia (5) Miracidium. What is their
proper sequence?
A. 21354
B. 53412
C. 54213
D. 54312
B
642.
128. Cercaria stage of Fasciola hepatica leads to

A. Sporocyst
B. Redia
C. Miracidium
D. Metacercaria
D
643.
129. Free swimming ciliated stage of Liver Fluke is

A. Redia
B. Miracidium
C. Metacercaria
D. Cercaria
B
644.
130. Acoelomate animal with protandrous nature is

A. Ascaris
B. Schistosoma
C. Taenia
D. Megascolex
C
111
645.
131. A metazoan covered by cilia is

A. Paramecium
B. Dugesia
C. Fasciola
D. Ascaris
B
646.
134. Hymenolepis nana is

A. Dog tapeworm
B. Dwarf tapeworm of man
C. Pork tapeworm
D. Dead mans finger
B
647.
135. Lung fluke is

A. Hymenolepis nana
B. Paragonimus westermani
C. Schistosoma haematobium
D. Echinococcus granulosus
B
648.
137. Mehlis glands of Tapeworm are associated with

A. Reproduction
B. Excretion
C. Respiration
D. Circulation
A
649.
138. During its life cycle, Fasciola hepatica (Liver fluke) infects its
intermediate host and primary host at the following larval stages
respectively
112
A. Redia and miracidium

B. Cercaria and redia
C. Metacercaria and cercaria
D. Miracidium and metacercaria
D
650.
154. Which of the following does not have many segments

A. Lobster
B. Grasshopper
C. Earthworm
D. Flatworm
D
651.
155. Flatworms differ from roundworms in possessing

A. Solid mesoderm
B. Bilateral symmetry
C. Metamorphosis
D. Triploblastic body
A
652.
CHECK YOUR GRASP

CYG 2: The animal having ectolecithal eggs is
A. Dugesia/Planaria
B. Fasciola
C. Taenia
D. Ascaris
A
653.
CYG 3: A parasitic flatworm which passes out capsules through

urine is
A. Opisthorchis sinensis
B. Fasciola gigantica
113
C. Echinococcus granulosus
D. Schistosoma haematobium
D
654.
CYG 4: Germinal lineage hypothesis has been advocated for the

larvae of
A. Fasciola hepatica
B. Taenia solium
C. Ascaris lumbricoides
D. Anecator americanus
A
655.
CYG 5: Which larval stage can be repeated in the life cycle of

Fasciola hepatica?
A. Miracidium
B. Sporocyst
C. Redia
D. Cercaria
C
656.
CYG 7: Schistosomiasis is common in

A. Farmers
B. Potters
C. Washer men
D. All the above
D
657.
CYG 8: Tapeworm shows

A. Internal fertilization
B. Self fertilization
C. Cross fertilization
114
D. All the above

D
658.
CYG 9: Body is unsegmented and leaf like in

A. Trematoda
B. Turbellaria
C. Cestoda
D. All the above
C
659.
ASCHELMINTHES: VOL. I: PAGE 355

3. Intestinal parasite that feeds on tissue and blood is
A. Filaria or Wuchereria
B. Ancylostoma
C. Enterobius
D. Ascaris
B
660.
4. Thread or Pin worm is

A. Ancylostoma
B. Necator
C. Wuchereria
D. Enterobius
D
661.
5. A free living round worm occurring in very large number in soil

is
A. Rhabditis
B. Millipede
C. Earthworm
D. Fasciola
A
115
662.
9. Nutrition in Ascaris, the common roundworm parasite is

A. Saprozoic
B. Parasitic
C. Holozoic
D. Mixotrophic
C
663.
12. Male Ascaris differs from female in having

A. Lips
B. Amphids
C. Pineal spicules
D. Tail
C
664.
13. The epidermis of Ascaris is

A. Multicellular
B. Syncytial
C. Columnar
D. Cuboidal
B
665.
15. Name the nematode found in striped muscles

A. Ancylostoma
B. Trichinella
C. Ascaris
B
666.
16. The study of round worms is called

A. Ascariology
B. Aschelminthology
116
C. Nematology
C
667.
19. The commonest worm in children is

A. Ascaris lumbricoides
B. Enterobius vermicularis
C. Ancylostoma duodenale
D. Trichinella sprialis
B
668.
21. Blisters are produce on the body due to infection of worm called
A. Trichinella
B. Drancunculus
C. Wuchereria
D. Echinococcus
B
669.
22. Ascaris is monogenetic. It means it has

A. One host
B. Two hosts
C. Three hosts
A
670.
23. Which of the following is unsegmented and ovoviviparous

worm?
A. Ascaris
B. Wuchereria
C. Taenia
D. Fasciola
B
117
671.
24. Anal itching is caused by

A. Female Ancylostoma
B. Male Ancylostoma
C. Female Enterobius
D. Male Enterobius
C
672.
27. In male Ascaris, the anus and genital pore

A. Open into cloaca
B. Lie side by side
C. Lie at opposite ends
D. Are absent
A
673.
28. Ascaris is specialised and not degenerated parasite as it is

A. With a straight alimentary canal
B. Dioecious
C. Without respiratory organ
D. Covered by cuticle resistant to digestive juices of host
D
674.
29. Whipworm is
A. Ancylostoma
B. Trichuris
C. Enterobius
D. Trichinella
B
675.
30. Trichuris trichiura resides in

A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
118
C. Ileum
D. Caecum and colon
D
676.
31. Whipworm feeds on

A. Semi-digested food
B. Undigested food
C. Blood meal
D. Digested food
C
677.
32. Whipworm infection is more common in

A. All age groups in cold countries
B. Children of cold countries
C. Children of warm countries
D. All age groups in warm countries
C
678.
33. Whipworm is named so as its

A. Anterior two-third is slender
B. Posterior two-third is slender
C. Anterior one-third is slender
D. Posterior one-third is slender
A
679.
34. Trichuris causes

A. Anaemia
B. Dysentery
C. Abdominal pain
D. All the above
D
119
680.
35. Guinea worm is

A. Drancunculus medinensis
B. Brugia malayi and B. timori
C. Trichinella spiralis
D. Oxyuris vermicularis
A
681.
36. Primary host of Guinea worm is

A. Cyclops
B. Man
C. Fish
D. Antelope
B
682.
37. In Guinea worm, the male is

A. 1/2 - 1/3 of female
B. 1/6 1/8 of female
C. 1/10 1/15 of female
D. 1/19 1/30 of female
D
683.
38. Male Guinea worm has

A. Curved posterior end
B. Cloaca
C. Two copulatory spicules
D. All the above
D
684.
39. Female Dracunculus has

A. One copulatory spicule
B. One caudal spine
120
C. Two copulatory spicules

D. Both B and C
B
685.
40. Female Dracunculus is

A. Viviparous
B. Ovoviviparous
C. Oviparous
D. Both A and B
B
686.
41. Female Dracunculus possesses

A. No uterus
B. Single uterus
C. Double uterus
D. A functional vulva
C
687.
42. Intermediate host of Guinea Worm is

A. Fish
B. Snail
C. Cyclops
D. Housefly
C
688.
43. For releasing larvae, female Guinea Worm

A. Descends to urinary bladder
B. Descends to anal chamber
C. Forms blisters in respiratory tract
D. Produces skin blisters
D
121
689.
44. Trichina worm occurs in

A. Man
B. Domesticated animals
C. Rodents
D. All the above
D
690.
45. Trichina infection spreads through

A. Contact
B. Contaminated articles
C. Eating infected meat
D. Faecal matter
C
691.
46. Human infection of Trichina worm generally comes from

A. Cats
B. Dogs
C. Pigs
D. Horses and camels
C
692.
47. Trichina Worm performs copulation in

A. Stomach
B. Lungs
C. Intestine
D. Rectum
C
693.
48. Juveniles of Trichina worm form cysts inside

A. Involuntary muscles
B. Striped muscles
122
C. Connective tissue
D. Skin
B
694.
49. Filarial worm has man as

A. Secondary host
B. Incidental host
C. Primary host
D. Temporary host
C
695.
52. Filaria worm is

A. Wuchereria bancrofti
B. Brugia timori
C. Brugia malayi
D. All the above
D
696.
53. Copulation in Filaria worm occurs in

A. Blood vessels
B. Intestine
C. Lymph glands
D. Spleen
C
697.
54. Filaria worm is

A. Oviparous
B. Ovoviviparous
C. Viviparous
D. Parthenogenetic
B
123
698.
55. First stage juveniles of Wuchereria are known as

A. Microfilariae
B. Larvae
C. Filariform larvae
D. Rhabditiform larvae
A
699.
57. Infectivity develops in microfilariae inside

A. Human liver
B. Human spleen
C. Mosquito haemolymph
D. Mosquito muscles
D
700.
58. Infective juvenile of Wuchereria is

A. First stage juvenile
B. Second stage juvenile
C. Third stage juvenile
D. Fourth stage juvenile
C
701.
59. Growth of filarial worms inside lymph vessels causes their

blockage
A. Lymphoma
B. Lymphoderma
C. Lymphocytoma
D. Lymphoreticulosis
B
702.
60. Which one is monogenetic

A. Enterobius
124
B. Brugia
C. Dracunculus
D. Both A and B
A
703.
61. Seatworm Enterobius is characterised by presence of

A. Buccal capsule
B. Copulatory bursa
C. Cephalic alae
D. Straight tail in male
C
704.
62. Posterior end of male Enterobius possesses

A. One penial spicule
B. Two equal penial spicules
C. Two unequal penial spicules
A
705.
63. Male Enterobius can be recognised by

A. Curved posterior end
B. One penial spicule
C. Two caudal alae
D. All the above
D
706.
64. Infection of pinworm is called

A. Enterobiasis
B. Oxyuriasis
C. Both A and B
D. Trichuriasis
C
125
707.
65. Enterobiasis is characterised by

A. Anal itching
B. Genital itching
C. Abdominal pain and diarrhoea
D. All the above
D
708.
66. Size of Enterobius (Oxyuris) vermicularis is

A. 2 3 mm in male and 5 8 mm in female
B. 3 5 mm in male and 8 - 13 mm in female
C. 5 8 mm in male and 12 17 mm in female
D. 8 10 mm in male and 15 20 mm in female
B
709.
67. Old World Hookworm is

A. Necator americanus
B. Ancylostoma duodenale
C. Ancylostoma caninus
D. Strongyloides stercoralis
B
710.
68. Size of hookworm is

A. 8 11 mm in male and 10 13 mm in female
B. 11 15 mm in male and 13 - 22 mm in female
C. 15 20 mm in male and 20 30 mm in female
D. 20 25 mm in male and 30 40 mm in female
A
711.
69. Hookworm is known so as it possesses

A. Buccal capsule
B. Lancets and cutting plates
126
C. Curvature in anterior region

D. Curvature in posterior region in both the sexes
C
712.
70. Hookworm resides in

A. Duodenum
B. Rectum
C. Small intestine
D. Blood
C
713.
71. Hookworm feeds on

A. Semi-digested food
B. Undigested food
C. Digested food
D. Mucous membrane and blood
D
714.
72. Hookworm holds the intestinal wall by means of

A. Cutting plates
B. Lancets
C. Sucking action of pharynx
D. Surface spicules
B
715.
73. A single hookworm sucks blood

A. 0.1 ml
B. 0.5 ml
C. 0.8 ml
D. 1.2 ml
C
127
716.
75. Ground itch is due to larva of

A. Ancylostoma
B. Enterobius
C. Trichuris
D. All the above
A
717.
76. Larva of Ancylostoma feeds on

A. Bacteria
B. Protists
C. Organic debris
D. Eggs of small animals
C
718.
77. Hatching of Ancylostoma occurs in

A. Water
B. Moist soil
C. Inside human body
D. Secondary host
B
719.
78. Infective larva of Ancylostoma is called

A. Rhabditiform
C. Embryonated larva
D. Filariform larva
D
720.
79. Filariform larva of Ancylostoma is

A. First stage juvenile
128
C. Third stage juvenile

D. Fourth stage juvenile
C
721.
80. Filariform larva enters human body while

A. Drinking contaminated water
B. Eating contaminated food
C. Bathing in contaminated water
D. Walking bare footed
D
722.
81. Before reaching intestine, the larva of Ancylostoma travels

through
A. Lungs and trachea
B. Oesophagus
C. Heart
D. All the above
D
723.
82. Common roundworm is also called

A. Intestinal roundworm
B. Giant intestinal roundworm
C. Threadworm
D. Old World roundworm
B
724.
83. Size of common roundworm or Ascaris lumbricoides is

A. 15 - 30 cm in male and 20 40 cm in female
B. 10 15 cm in male and 15 25 cm in female
C. 5 10 cm in male and 10 15 cm in female
D. 3- 5 cm in male and 7 10 cm in female
A
129
725.
84. Number of streaks present in Ascaris lumbricoides is

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
D
726.
85. Lips of Ascaris are

A. Smooth
B. Rough
C. Denticulate
D. Spiny
C
727.
86. Number of lips of Ascaris are

A. Four
B. Three
C. Two
D. One
B
728.
88. Amphids for olfacto-reception are present in Ascaris on

A. Pre-anal papilla
B. Post-anal papilla
C. Dorsal lip
D. Ventrolateral lip
D
729.
89. Excretory pore of Ascaris occurs at

A. Posterior end
B. Middle of body
130
C. Behind the mouth

D. Near the posterior end
C
730.
90. A distinct genital aperture is present in Ascaris

A. Male behind the excretory pore
B. Female near the anus
C. Female behind the excretory pore
D. Male near the posterior end
C
731.
91. Anus lies in Ascaris at

A. Tip of tail
B. In front of posterior end
C. Just near the excretory pore
D. In the middle of the body
B
732.
92. In male Ascaris, anus is

A. Absent
B. Replaced by gonopore
C. Replaced by cloaca
C
733.
93. Ascaris juveniles cause

A. Appendicitis
B. Pneumonia
C. Hepatitis and brain damage
D. All the above
D
131
734.
94. Ascaris disturbs digestion of host by

A. Feeding on digested food
B. Injuring intestinal wall
C. Secretion of anti-enzymes
D. Both A and B
C
735.
95. A free living roundworm is

A. Strongyloides
B. Rhabditis
C. Loa
D. All the above
D
736.
100. An intermediate host is absent in the case of parasite

A. Liver fluke
B. Tapeworm
C. Ascaris
D. Plasmodium
C
737.
101. Ascaris protects itself against digestive enzymes of the host by

A. Mucus
B. Antienzymes
C. Antienzymes and cuticle
D. Cuticle
C
738.
102. Rhabditoid/rhabditiform larva occurs in lifecycle of

A. Liver fluke
B. Ascaris
132
C. Tapeworm
D. Planaria
B
739.
103. Ascaris larva is called

A. Cysticercus
B. Rhabditiform
C. Hexacanth
D. Onchosphere
B
740.
104. During its journey through the body, the juvenile Ascaris
passes through
A. Spleen
B. Kidney
C. Skeletal muscles
D. Lung
D
741.
105. Alcopar is drug useful for

A. Taeniasis
B. Amoebiasis
C. Ascariasis
D. Schistosomiasis
C
742.
111. Which one is used in treatment of ascariasis?

A. Chenopodium oil
B. Paludrin
C. Terramycin
A
133
743.
112. The infective stage of Ascaris is

A. Fertilized egg
B. Embryonated egg
C. Rhabditoid larva
D. Adult Ascaris
B
744.
115. Embryonated egg of Ascaris is

A. An egg with gastrula
B. An egg with blastula
C. An egg with juvenile
D. An egg within an egg
C
745.
116. Infective stage of Ascaris is

A. Adult worm
B. Second juvenile
C. Fourth juvenile
D. Egg
B
746.
118. Excretory pores present in Ascaris are

A. One
B. Two
C. One pair
D. Two pairs
A
747.
124. Wuchereria causes a disease in parts of India

A. Filariasis South India
B. Elephantiasis Bihar
134
C. Elephantiasis U.P.
A
748.
125. Which larval stage of Ascaris is infective?

A. First and fourth
B. Second and third
C. First and second
D. Third and fourth
C
749.
126. Which is not true of Ascaris infection?

A. More common in children
B. Does not produce tonsillitis
C. Number can be 500 5000
D. Infection is cured even without medication
D
750.
127. Life span of Ascaris is

A. 6 9 months
B. 9 12 months
C. 4 10 years
D. 10 12 years
B
751.
128. Ascaris has three lips

A. One median dorsal and two ventrolateral
B. All dorsal
C. Two lateral and one ventral
D. Two dorso-lateral and one median ventral
A
135
752.
130. Number of juvenile stages found during development of

Ascaris is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
D
753.
131. Find out the correct sequence in the body wall of Ascaris
A. Cuticle, epidermis, longitudinal muscles and circular muscles
B. Cuticle, epidermis and longitudinal muscles
C. Epidermis, cuticle, longitudinal muscles and circular muscles
D. Epidermis, longitudinal muscles, cuticle and circular muscles
B
754.
132. Amphids present on ventrolateral lips of Ascaris are

A. Chemoreceptors
B. Olfactoreceptors
C. Tactoreceptors
D. Gustatoreceptors
B
755.
133. Sensory structures/chemoreceptors located in the anterior part

of Ascaris are
A. Amphids
B. Copulatory bursa
C. Pineal setae
D. Pineal spicules
A
756.
134. Enterobius infection occurs through
136
A. Mosquito
B. Contamination
C. Inoculation
D. Piercing
B
757.
135. Microfilaria occurs in peripheral blood of human beings

during
A. Morning
B. Evening
C. Night
D. Day time
C
758.
139. Size of female Ascaris lumbricoides is

A. 50 80 mm
B. 100 150 mm
C. 150 250 mm
D. 200 350 mm
D
759.
140. Larvae of Ascaris hatch out in

A. Soil
B. Intestine
C. Liver
D. Lungs
B
760.
141. Ancylostoma infection spreads through

A. Contaminated food
B. Kissing
137
C. Skin
D. Blood
C
761.
142. Filariform is larva of

A. Platyhelminthes
B. Aschelminthes
C. Annelids
D. Arthropods
B
762.
145. An ovoviviparous parasite is

A. Taenia
B. Wuchereria
C. Ascaris
D. Plasmodium
B
763.
147. Pseudocoelom develops from

A. Blastopore lip
B. Archenteron
C. Embryonic mesoderm
D. Blastocoel
C
764.
149. Third moulting of Ascaris occurs in

A. Liver
B. Egg
C. Lung
D. Intestine
C
138
765.
152. Sites of first, second and third moulting of Ascaris larva are
A. Soil, lung, intestine
B. Soil, alveoli, lung
C. Soil, intestine, lung
D. Liver, stomach, intestine
C
766.
156. Choose the correct statement regarding Ascaris

A. Hatching of embryo takes place within 10 hours
B. Development and moulting takes place in alveoli of lungs
C. Hatching of embryo takes place in stomach due to lytic
enzymes
D. Adulthood is reached within body of host in 10 days
B
767.
157. Which one requires intermediate host: 1. Dugesia, 2.

Schistosoma, 3. Echinococcus, 4. Ancylostoma, 5.Wuchereria
A. 3, 4
B. 3, 5
C. 1, 4
D. 2, 5
D
768.
158. Cuticle of Ascaris is secreted by

A. Syncytium
B. Muscle layer
C. Epidermis
C
139
769.
166. Wuchereria bancrofti belongs to the phylum

A. Nemathelminthes
B. Platyhelminthes
C. Nematoda
D. Coelenterata
A
770.
172. The anterior V-spot in microfilaria of Wuchereria represents

A. Excretory system
B. Nerve ring
C. Cervical papilla
D. Reproductive system
A
771.
174. An example of animals in which mesoderm occurs as scattered

pouches between ectoderm and endoderm is
A. Filaria wall
B. Tapeworm
C. Earthworm
D. Lancet
A
772.
CHECK YOUR GRASP: ASCHELMINTHES: PAGE 363

CYG 2: Protonephridium possesses
A. Straight tube
B. Flame cell
C. Solenocyte
D. Ostiole
C
773.
CYG 3. Both ammoniotelic and ureotelic worm is

A. Taenia
140
B. Fasciola
C. Schistosoma
D. Ascaris
D
774.
CYG 4. In Ancylostoma/Hookworm the infective stage is

A. Rhabditiform larva
B. Filariform larva
C. Microfilaria
D. Mullers larva
B
775.
CYG 6. A free living roundworm which can cause serious

autoinfection in human beings is
A. Rhabditis
B. Spongyloides
C. Loa
D. Necator
B
776.
CYG 7: Genital tract of human females is prone to infection by

A. Ascaris
B. Ancylostoma
C. Enterobius
D. Trichinella
C
777.
CYG 8: Ancylostoma duodenale secretes an anticoagulant from

A. Pharyngeal gland
B. Salivary gland
C. Cephalic gland
141
D. Hepatic gland
A
778.
CYG 9: In Trichinella, juveniles are liberated in

A. Liver
B. Colon
C. Lungs
D. Intestine
D
779.
CYG 10: After liberation of juveniles, the female Dracunculus

A. Moves back into body cavity
B. Copulates again
C. Both A and B
D. Dies
D
780.
ANNELIDA: VOL. I: PAGE: 365

7. A trait common in Leech and mosquito is
A. Anticoagulants
B. Abundant asexual reproduction
C. Cellular level of organisation
D. Absence of sexual phase
A
781.
9. The first segment of annelids is

A. Prostomium
B. Peristomium
C. Prestomium
D. Poststomium
B
142
782.
12. Body cavity of annelids/Nereis is

A. Schizocoel
B. Enterocoel
C. Pseudocoel
A
783.
13. Nereis is
A. Carnivorous
B. Herbivorous
C. Sanguivorous
D. Parasitic
A
784.
14. Heteronereis is
A. Member of Hirudinea
B. Fresh water annelid
C. Sexual phase of Nereis
D. Sanguivorous animal
C
785.
16. What is true of Hirudinaria

A. It has a cephalic sucker
B. Mouth is triradiate
C. Segments are superficially subdivided
D. All the above
D
786.
21. Number of eyes present on the prostomium of Nereis is

A. Four
B. Three
143
C. Two
D. One
A
787.
22. Last segment of Nereis bears

A. Tentacles
B. Parapodia
C. Anal cirri
D. Penial spicules
C
788.
24. In which animal gonads develop only during breeding season?

A. Pheretima
B. Lumbricus
C. Nereis
D. Hirudo
C
789.
25. Which is marine?

A. Pheretima communissima
B. Eisenia
C. Pontobdella/Nereis
D. Hirudo
C
790.
26. The advantage of hermaphroditism to Hirudo is

A. To produce double population
B. To decrease population
C. To increase population
D. None
A
144
791.
27. Nereis is
A. Gregarious
B. Nocturnal
C. Carnivorous
D. All the above
D
792.
28. The fresh water animal is

A. Tubifex
B. Polynoe
C. Pontobdela
D. Neanthes
A
793.
29. Hirudinaria shows locomotion by

A. Looping
B. Swimming
C. Both A and B
D. Creeping
C
794.
30. An animal indicator of organic pollution of water is

A. Hirudinaria
B. Tubifex
C. Planaria
D. Amoeba
B
795.
31. Which one is Sea Mouse?

A. Aphrodite
B. Peripatus
145
C. Terebella
D. Chaetopterus
A
796.
32. Which one has two pairs of jaws?

A. Terebella
B. Tubifex
C. Chaetopterus
D. Aphrodite
D
797.
33. Dorsal surface of Aphrodite is covered by

A. Iridescent bristles
B. Spines
C. Elytra
D. All the above
C
798.
34.Annelid which shows colour changes during movement

A. Pheretima
B. Chaetopterus
C. Terebella
D. Aphrodite
D
799.
35. Annelid having gills for respiration is

A. Terebella
B. Chaetopteris
C. Lumbricus
D. Nereis
A
146
800.
36. An unsegmented annelid is

A. Tubifex
B. Bonellia
C. Megascolex
D. Terebella
B
801.
37. Environment determines the sex of animal in

A. Bonellia
B. Hirudinaria
C. Nereis
D. Both A and B
A
802.
38. Clitellum occurs over 11 and 12 segments in

A. Pheretima
B. Tubifex
C. Lumbricus
D. Megascolex
B
803.
39. Bonellia feeds with the help of

A. Tentacles
B. Parapodia
C. Proboscis
D. Aliform notopodia
C
804.
40. Which one is bright red coloured?

A. Nereis
B. Aphrodite
147
C. Bonellia
D. Tubifex
D
805.
41. A dorsal ciliated groove for directing food into mouth is found
in
A. Aphrodite
B. Chaetopterus
C. Terebella
D. Tubifex
B
806.
42. Which one lives in burrows?

A. Tubifex
B. Chaetopteris
C. Terebella
D. Both B and C
D
807.
43. Coelom filled with muscular and connective tissues or

botryoidal tissue occurs in
A. Ascaris
B. Nereis
C. Pheretima
D. Hirudo
D
808.
48. Which one assists in locomotion

A. Trichocysts in Paramecium
B. Pedicellariae of star fish
C. Clitellum in Pheretima
148
D. Posterior sucker in Hirudinaria

D
809.
49. Trait common amongst earthworm, leech and centipede is

A. Absence of legs
B. Hermaphrodite nature
C. Ventral nerve cord
D. Malpighian tubules
C
810.
52. Animals having multiple or numerous setae are included under

A. Polychaeta
B. Oligochaeta
C. Hirudinea
D. Onychophora
A
811.
53. Which one exhibits concentric tube-within-tube plan?

A. Arthropoda
B. Oligochaeta/Earthworm
C. Mollusca
D. Echinodermata
B
812.
58. In earthworm, neurons are

A. Sensory
B. Motor
C. Both A and B
D. Mixed
C
813.
60. External segmentation is absent but internal segmentation is
149
present in
A. Polychaeta
B. Oligochaeta
C. Archiannelida
D. Hirudinea
C
814.
61. Bilateral symmetry, blastopore mouth and true coelom occur in

A. Echinodermata
B. Chordata
C. Annelida
D. Platyhelminthes
C
815.
66. A feature absent in annelids is

A. Clitellum
B. Pseudocoelom
C. Metameric segmentation
D. Nephridia
B
816.
68. Waste laden cells of oligochaetes and polychaetes are

A. Thesocytes
B. Eleocytes
C. Follicular cells
D. Yellow cells
D
817.
CHECK YOUR GRASP: PAGE 373

CYG 1: Which annelid is bioluminescent?
A. Fire worm
B. Blood worm
150
C. Scale worm
D. Earthworm
C
818.
CYG 2: Presence of Tubifex in water body indicates its

A. Purity
B. High salt content
C. Toxic metals
D. Organic loading
D
819.
CYG 3: Pygidium in Nereis represents

A. Prostomium
B. Anal segment
C. Peristomium
D. Head
B
820.
CYG 4: The term annelida was coined by

A. Lamarck
B. Aristotle
C. Linnaeus
D. Grobben
A
821.
CYG 5: Epitoke of Heteronereis represents

A. Anterior half with enlarged eyes
B. Anterior half with swollen parapodia
C. Swollen posterior half
D. Depressed upper part
C
151
822.
CYG 6: Nephridiopores of earthworm occur in all segments except

A. First
B. Last
C. Both first and last
D. First two and the last
D
823.
CYG 7: In Bonellia viridis, sex is determined by

A. Nutrition
B. Genetically
C. Cytologically
D. Proximity to female
D
824.
CYG 8: Posterior sucker of Hirudinaria is made of segments

A. One
B. Three
C. Five
D. Seven
D
825.
CYG 9: Blood glands of earthworm occur in segments

A. 4 6
B. 14 16
C. 22 26
D. 7, 9, 12 and 13
A
826.
CYG 10: Peptonephridia of earthworm are

A. Exonephric
B. Pharyngeal nephridia
152
C. Septal nephridia
D. Integumentary nephridia
B
827.
ASCELMINTHES: 87. Taste receptors of Ascaris are

A. Phasmids
B. Amphids
C. Labial papillae
D. Both B and C
C
153
154
155
156

Chapter 04A - Diversity in Animals - Porifera To Annelida

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Chapter 04A - Diversity in Animals - Porifera To Annelida

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1

CHAPTER 04A: DIVERSITY IN ANIMALS: PORIFERA, ETC.

phylogenetically evolved from ____ (____).

The body of sponges is full of pores, i.e. numerous mouthlets called

the first ____ animals.

The body wall of sponges consists of two layers an outer ____

The pinacoderm is the outer cellular layer in sponges and consists

The choanoderm is the inner cellular layer in sponges and consists

Both pinacoderm and choanoderm do not have _____ membrane.

A non-cellular, gelatinous layer is found between the pinacoderm

The mesenchyme has fine grained ____ fibres and numerous

TRUE OR FALSE: Amoebocytes are modified into different cells.

Modified amoebocytes: Archaeocytes may be converted into other

Modified amoebocytes: Trophocytes provide food to developing

Modified amoebocytes: Thesocytes store ____ granules.

Modified amoebocytes: Gland cells secrete a ____ substance.

Modified amoebocytes: Collencytes secrete ____ fibres of the

Modified amoebocytes: Scleroblasts secrete ____. In calcerous

Modified amoebocytes: Myocytes form a circular ring around the

Modified amoebocytes: Chromocytes contain ____ granules and

Modified amoebocytes: Phagocytes collect food from ____ through

Modified amoebocytes: Spongioblast is for the ____.

Look below for the diagram of the body wall of porifera.

The central body cavity of a sponge is called ____ or ____ ____.

Sponges consist of pores and canals. There are three types of

Almost all sponges possess an ____ skeleton. It may consist of

____ (spongiblast) or of both located in the ____ layer.

____ secretes spicules while ____ secretes spongin fibres.

Nutrition in sponges is ____. Digestive cavity and ____ are absent.

Distribution of food from the ingestive cell to others is brought

Respiration and excretion in sponges takes place by diffusion of

Sponges do not have a ____ system.

Both asexual and sexual reproduction occurs in sponges. Asexual

Gemmulation takes place under ____ (favourable/unfavourable)

In fresh water and in a few marine sponges ____ or internal buds

gemmules, hermaphrodite, internal

Sometimes, cross fertilization also occurs in sponges. This is known

In sponges, the zygote undergoes holoblastic cleavage (complete

The amphiblastula is seen in ____. Parenchymula is seen in ____

On the basis of the skeleton, Porifera can be divided into three

The skeleton of Calcarea is of ____ spicules. They are found in ____

Give five examples of calcarea sponges.

____ is the smallest sponge.

____ is called the urn sponge.

The skeleton of hexactinellida is of ____ spicules, which have six

(shallow/deep) marine waters.

Give three examples of hexactinellida sponges.

____ is called Venus Flower Basket.

___ is called the Bridal Gift in Japan.

____ is called the Glass rope sponge.

___ is called the Bowl sponge

The skeleton of demospongiae is of ___ ____ or of ___ ___ with 1 or

Give six examples of demospongiae.

____ is known as bath sponge.

____ is known as fresh water sponge.

____ is known as sulphur sponge.

____ is known as boring sponge. They are harmful to oysters.

____ is known as horse sponge or horny sponge.

____ is known as the mermaids gloves.

The sponge ___ is known as the Neptunes Cup.

The skeleton is absent in the demospongiae, ____ and ____.

The demospongiae, ____ is known as the bread sponge.

The demospongiae, ____, is known as finger sponge.

phylogenetically evolved from ().

The central body cavity of a sponge is called or .

(spongiblast) or of both located in the layer.

secretes spicules while secretes spongin fibres.

Nutrition in sponges is . Digestive cavity and are absent.

The amphiblastula is seen in . Parenchymula is seen in

The skeleton of Calcarea is of spicules. They are found in

The skeleton of demospongiae is of _ or of _ ___ with 1 or

The skeleton is absent in the demospongiae, and .

(herbivorous/carnivorous). They may be fixed or .

Polyps produce medusae while medusae form polyps .

In coelenterata, both - and -cellular digestion are present.

Hydrozoa often show (morphism) and (genesis).

The hydrozoa, __, is called the Portuguese man-of-war. It has _

Anthozoa has two types of animals: and .

In anemones, is absent. Examples of anemones are and

Corals have a skeleton made of _ _.

Animals of Ctenophora are also known as _ _, __ _ or

like having a __ symmetry with _-grade body organisation.

Locomotion in Ctenophora occurs by eight _ _ ___ on the body

Ctenophora: Digestion is both and . Skeletal, excretory

Ctenophora: All animals are . Only (asexual/sexual)

Ctenophora are divided into two classes: and .