Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Hydraulic Structures
The most common method of measuring open channel flow is
the hydraulic structures method. A calibrated restriction
inserted into the channel controls the shape and velocity of the
flow. The flow rate is then determined by measuring the liquid
level in or near the restriction.
The restricting structures are called primary measuring devices.
They may be divided into two broad categoriesweirs and
flumes.
2/3 A
W
Flow
D
ction
Throat section
H
Diverg
ing secti
ging se
Conver
on
A
R
Side View
M
Water
surface
E
K
Slope 1/4
Weir
Weir
Top View
D
1.7D
2D
Front Vie
Side View
Upper
transition
Flow
Throat
Lower
transition
Water surface
30
Upstream
depth
H
Downstream
depth
D
2
D = Conduit diameter
Slope-Hydraulic Radius
Level
measurement
point
R=
A
W.P.
Q=
1.49 AR
n
2/3
1/2
W.P.
Slope =
Area Velocity
The area velocity method calculates flow rate by multiplying the
area of the flow by its average velocity. This is often referred to
as the continuity equation, Q=AxV.
For convenience, most area velocity flow meters use a single
sensor to measure flow rate (Figure 4). Doppler ultrasonics is
used to measure average flow velocity, while an integral
Particles or
Air Bubbles
Flow
Flow
rate
Q
Y
X
Isco, Inc. 4700 Superior Street, Lincoln, NE 68504 (800)228-4373 (USA & Canada) (402) 464-0231 Fax: (402) 465-3022 E-mail: info@isco.com #2038 7-98