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Understand the various routes of administration for asthma medications and the advantages of each. Understand the MOA of different types of asthma meds and their role in preventing attacks and in treating acute asthma exacerbations / attacks. Know the contraindications / precautions for anti-cholinergic inhalers including d / t allergies, bisphosphonates, PPI's, H-2 receptor blockers, Antacids the different types of laxatives.
Understand the various routes of administration for asthma medications and the advantages of each. Understand the MOA of different types of asthma meds and their role in preventing attacks and in treating acute asthma exacerbations / attacks. Know the contraindications / precautions for anti-cholinergic inhalers including d / t allergies, bisphosphonates, PPI's, H-2 receptor blockers, Antacids the different types of laxatives.
Understand the various routes of administration for asthma medications and the advantages of each. Understand the MOA of different types of asthma meds and their role in preventing attacks and in treating acute asthma exacerbations / attacks. Know the contraindications / precautions for anti-cholinergic inhalers including d / t allergies, bisphosphonates, PPI's, H-2 receptor blockers, Antacids the different types of laxatives.
Understand the various routes of administration for asthma
medications and the advantages of each. Understand the MOA of different types of asthma meds and why each are used including their role in preventing attacks and in treating acute asthma exacerbations/attacks. Know the specific instructions for patients for using an inhaler, for instilling ear and eye antibiotics and glaucoma topical medications For taking NSAIDS Bisphosphonates the different class of laxatives PPIs. Know the duration of action of: Long-acting vs. intermediate vs. regular and short-acting insulin oral beta-2 agonists. Know the pregnancy category of bisphosphonates, estrogen receptor blockers, histamine-2 receptor blockers, PPIs Understand the mechanism of action for: vasoconstrictors, beta-2 agonists, inhaled anticholinergics, methylxanthines prostaglandin analogs used for glaucoma beta blockers as used for glaucoma the bisphosphonates PPIs H-2 receptor blockers Antacids the different types of laxatives Know the contraindications/precautions for Anti-cholinergic inhalers including d/t allergies, bisphosphonates, PPIs, H-2 receptor blockers, Antacids, anti-diarrheal medications, laxati
Know the side effects of:
Beta 2 agonists methyxanthines steroids (inhaled and oral) prostaglandin analog eye drops beta blocker glaucoma medications bisphosphonates PPIs H-2 receptor blockers laxative (classes) main categories of chemotherapy phenothiazines for nausea Why would a bisphosphonate cause bone pain? How do H2 receptor blockers cause anemia? What advantages do PPIs have over H2 receptor blockers? Which group of laxatives are preferred for chronic constipation and constipation prevention? What is the most common reason chemotherapy is prematurely stopped? Old material Know the basic information regarding: trade, etc Rx name vs. generic, Rx antagonist vs. agonist, what is a sympathomimetic vs. sympatholytic RX? STAT vs. routine Rx orders, pharmacokinetics, pregnancy classifications, age-related changes and their impact on for dosing, the impact of protein binding on drug availability and implications for drug interactions, the impact of drugs that induce and inhibit drug metabolism, the significance of a drug having a narrow therapeutic range, vaccine contraindications (in general), major types of allergic reactions, key points in drug administration including the important points and advantages/disadvantages of the different routes of administration, enterohepatic recirculation, first pass metabolism, recommendations for avoiding medication errors including prohibited abbreviations, hepatic and renal failure dosing recommendations, immunosuppressed vs. immunocompromised, broad vs. narrow spectrum antibiotics
Know the definition of: drug dependence, tolerance, therapeutic
range, controlled substance, loading dose, minimum and toxic drug concentration levels. Know the dangers of abrupt withdrawal/not tapering barbiturates, benzodiazepines, steroids, seizure medications (in general), beta blockers, CCBs; the significance of giving medications contraindicated with MAOI use, what is neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotonin syndrome. What is are the main differences between the benzodiazepines? What are the advantages of SSRIs over TCAs? What are the advantages of atypical neuroleptics vs. older meds for psychosis? Also know was EPS is and what medications cause it. Understand the process of changing a patient from heparin to warfarin and the antidotes for digoxin, narcotics, heparin and warfarin, Understand the major s/sx of renal failure, hepatic failure and hepatotoxicity, heart failure, bone marrow suppression, and excess coagulation. Know the duration of action of: ibuprofen, acetaminophen, rapid and long-acting insulin, benzodiazepines in general, morphine, and warfarin. Know the pregnancy class of NSAIDS, acetaminophen, penicillins, sulfa antibiotics, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, acyclovir, medications for hyperthyroidism, insulin, oral hypoglycemics, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, diuretics, ACEIs and ARBs, and CCBs. Know the contraindications for: NSAIDS, acetaminophen, glucocorticoids, aspirin, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycocides, penicillin, cephalosporins, sulfa antibiotics, tetracyclines, narcotics, oral hypoglycemics, a sleeping pills for the elderly, an insulin dose, barbiturates, MAOIs, diuretics, beta blockers, & ACEIs. When should an anti-hypertensive be held?
Understand the mechanism of action of: NSAIDS,
glucocorticoids, bacteriocidal vs. bacteriostatic antibiotics (in general), medications for hyperthyroidism, insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, anti-cholinergics, sympathomimetics, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, SSRIs, TCAs, MAOIs, beta blockers, alpha-1 blockers, diuretics, CCBs, ACEIs, ARBs, positive inotropic medications, short versus long acting nitrates, anti-platelet medications and thrombolytics. Know the major side effects of: NSAIDS, acetaminophen, glucocorticoids, penicillin, sulfa antibiotics, macrolides, aminoglycocides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, anti-fungals, insulin, oral hypoglycemics, sympathomimetics, anticholinergics, medications for hyperthyroidism, benzodiazepams, barbiturates, phenytoin, SSRIs, TCAs, MAOIs, narcotics, Statins, diuretics, beta blockers, CCBs, ACEIs, ARBs, nitrates. I. Medications for Glaucoma A. Prostaglandins Latanoprost (Xalatan) B. Beta-adrenergic blockers Timolol (Timoptic) II. Bronchodilators (used primarily for asthma) A. Beta-agonists (AKA Beta-2 agonists) 1. albuterol (Proventil) B. Anti-cholinergics (only given via inhaler) a. ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) b. tiotropium (Spiriva) III. Anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma A. Inhaled Blucocorticoids 1. fluticasone (Flovent) B. Leukotriene modifiers 1. montelukast (Singulair)
IV. Drugs for bone and joint disorders
A. Drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis 1. Bisphosphonates a. alendronate sodium (Fosamax) b. ibandronate (Boniva) B. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ("DMARDs") 1. methotrexate (Rheumatrex, also commonly abbreviated MTX) 2. sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) V. Drugs used in the treatment of PUD and GERD A. H2 receptor antagonists 1. ranitidine HCL (Zantac) B. Proton Pump Inhibitors 1. lansoprazole (Prevacid) 2. omeprazole (Prilosec) VI. Antiemetics A. Phenothiazines use as antiemetics 1. metoclopramide (Reglan) 2. prochlorperazine (Compazine) 3. promethazine (Phenergan) VII. Drugs for lower GI disorders A. Bulk forming laxatives psyllium mucilloid (Metamucil) B. Saline and osmotic laxatives 1. magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) 2. polyethylene glycol (MiraLax) C. Stimulant laxatives bisacodyl (Dulcolax) D. Stool softener/surfactant Docusate (Surfak, Colace)