Mastering American English Text

SAXON
SERIES IN ENGLISH AS
GRANT TAYLOR,
A SECOND LANGUAGE
Consulting Editor
MASTERING
AMERICAN
ENGLISH
WITH RECORDED
EXERCISES
FOR INTERMEDIATE
AND ADVANCED STUDENTS
BY GRANT TAYLOR, Associate Professor

can Language
institute, Division
of English; Director, Ameri-
of Genera! Education,
New
York
Formerly: Assistant Director, Foreign Student Center,

York University; Lecturer in English, Columbia University; Asso-
University;
New
ciate Editor, Thorndike-Barnhart
McGraw-Hill Book
Company
New York
San Francisco
St.
Louis
Comprehensive Desk Dictionary.
Auckland
Bogota
Hamburg
SAXON
SERIES IN ENGLISH AS
GRANT TAYLOR,
MASTERING
A SECOND LANGUAGE
Consulting Editor
LEARNING AMERICAN ENGLISH
MASTERING AMERICAN ENGLISH

PRACTICING AMERICAN ENGLISH
AMERICAN ENGLISH READER
American
ADVANCED ENGLISH
EXERCISES
MODERN SPOKEN ENGLISH

MODERN ENGLISH WORKBOOK
ENGLISH
5 6 7 8 9
FSP
9 4
1956 by the McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright
permisThis book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without
sion of the publishers.
The United States Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 56-7883.
07-062942-0
McCRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY,
NEW YORK
TORONTD
OMnoM
<;am
INC.
FPAMri';<"r>
PREFACE
While each
exercise
is
an independent unit and can be taught as such
or used in connection with other class materials, all 312 exercises have
been arranged in a logical sequence which some teachers

follow. In particular parts of the advanced section,
that
teachers
the exercises
too elementary.
are
ever, the exercises in question are either
Mastering American English
The
a comprehensive exercise book for use
text
is
The
divided into two sections.
language
levels of
and advanced
at the intermediate
with adult students

learning.
is
but
difficult subjects or
structure of the
language.
concise review of the fundamental language materials treated fully in
pecially those in
which English
Part
Two,
those
Advanced
the
more complex
Section, should
accommodate extensive
features of English
practice with
which demand of the student
The
is
text
is
based squarely on the principle that language mastery
achieved through
sentence patterns of
the
language,
practice with these patterns.

that
awareness
There
The
and
(2)
constant and
text is further based
on
few grammatical explanations
in
of the exercises, this
is
Under ordinary
the titles
in
serve
Insofar
grammar and
called to the
through examples which
practice materials
examples
is
as
AU
book.
intended as a guide for the teacher.
as possible, the student's attention
English
practice,
patterns
struc-
the
for
which follow.
circumstances, teachers need
no
special
training
in languages or linguistics in order to use this text.
in the various exercises or the exercises themselves are largely
self-explanatory.
To
actually
lend to the flexibility of this text in
many
dif-
ferent language teaching or learning situations, the essential language

structure has been presented in a very large
number
of short exercises.
some
how-
preparation for related
deficient.
It
does deal with the major features,

differs in its
large
had
number
of
the
sentences
used
their source in compositions written
languages.
Furthermore,
the
situations
and with students of many
es-
method of expression from
materials
In this con-
throughout
text
this
by native speakers of
in
English have been used and thoroughly tested in
Mastering American
many kinds of
class
New
York
different nationalities at
University and Columbia University over a period of six years.
Wherever
them
have been so constructed as to make
possible, the exercises
suitable for either oral or written practice.
Whenever
teachers should try to employ both methods of instuction.

is,
possible,
Repetition
of course, extremely valuable and important in building automatic
control
over sentence
structure.
effectively for this type of practice.
tape
recorder
In this regard,
can
be
many
used
very
of the exer-
cises in
Mastering American English are suitable for tape recording
and use
in the '^language laboratory/'
Partial answers to the exercises have been included in the appendix.
or
The
nection,
the premise
this
though standard grammatical terminology has been used
background
thorough
and understanding come naturally through
are, therefore,
ture of
common
awareness and understanding of the
(1)
such cases,
Spanish, German, Russian, Japanese, and other languages.
those
good control over fundamentals.
In
to
Mastering American English does not cover the entire grammar and
comprise Part One, the Intermediate Section, make an effective and
Learning American English (Saxon Press, Second Edition, 1956).
(l)
may appear
to
(2) subjects in which, for various reasons,
advanced students are frequently
which
exercises
more
it
may wish
Thus, students working

to
see
if
they
at
home without
have started
their
work
the aid of a teacher can check

correctly.
Complete answers
have been given for the exercises on two-word verbs and prepositions
since there are
formation.
few sources from which students can obtain
this
in-
The author wishes
New York
to express his gratitude to his colleagues at both
University and Columbia University
who were
CONTENTS
helpful in
using and constructively criticizing the materials which went into Mas-
American English.
tering
thanks
teachers
to this
to
all
his
themselves,
students
The author would

of
who made
different
also
like
nationalities,
extend his
many
of
them
valuable suggestions and contributions
textbook.
G.
New
to
E. T.
INTERMEDIATE SECTION
York, 1956
exercise
Questions,
'The Party"
"Every Day"
Questions,
"My Bad Day"
present tense
Third person singular
Questions and negatives
Do and does in questions
The simple
4
5
negatives
Don't and doesn't
"Right Now"
The verbs am, is, and are
6
7
8
9
10
The continuous present tense

Questions and negatives
Present tense negative forms
Present tense question forms
Simple present vs. continuous
present
The words this, these, that, those

The expressions there is and
there are
verb quiz
Irregular
(1)
(2)
Irregular verb quiz (3)
Jrregukf verb quiz (3)
Irregular verb quiz

Review: questions with do
Review: questions with be
The future tense with will
11
Using the future tense (1)
12
The
13
14
15
51
Questions; the future with u'ill

Questions: the future with go
Negatives: the future with will
Negatives: the future with go
52
53
54
55
56
Using the future tenses (3)

Using the future tenses (4)
Showing possession
18
19
20
21
Trip to New York"

Much, many and very (1)
Much, many, and very (2)
22
Polite requests
23
Negative orders and requests

Suggestions with let's
The past tense of be
24
25
26
The
The
27
Too, too much, and too many

The words some and any
Something vs. anything
Someone vs. anyone
Anyone vs. no one
possessive adjectives
possessive pronouns
Following directions
Giving directions
past tense of regular verbs

past tense of irregular verbs
Review of the past tense

Questions in the past tense
Negatives in the past tense
,.ê Browns' Trip"
,.2?^ Piiotographer"
The Party,
My
Bad Day"
"The Browns' Trip"
"The Photographer"
Questions.
Questions,
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
47
48
49
50
future tense with go
16
The
The
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Using the future tense (2)
Subject and object pronouns

The possessive endings
17
,...,.
"A Trip
to
Questions,
lot
New
York"
"A
57
.,..,
...
58
59
60
61
62
of and lots of
Indirect objects
Review: the present tenses

Review: questions with be and will
Review: questions with do
Review: writing questions
Review: writing negatives
Short answers to questions
"William Howard Holt"
Questions about Mr. Holt's life
Questions about your English class
...
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
ADVANCED SECTION
Questions about your life

Using question words (1)
Writing questions with w/^y
78
79
80
"The Executive's Day"

Questions, "The Executive's Day"
81
present tense
82
83
84
85
The continuous
whom
...
whose, what, which

Questions with how
Adjectives with how
Much and many with how
Asking for information (1)
Asking for information (2)
Negative questions
Negative questions with why
W^ho,
...
86
87
88
89
90
91
Asking questions
92
93
94
95
Making
95
The
The
perfect present tense (1)

perfect present tense (2)
negatives
Review: tense forms

Using irregular verbs
Perfect present vs. simple past
97
98
99
The present tenses

Answer presuming questions
Special expressions of time
100
101
.....102
Expressions of time (1)

Review: expressions of time

Rossi"
"A Brief History of A.
Review: verb forms
Review: question forms
Expressions of place
Verbs with allied prepositions
Adjectives with allied
prepositions
The words still and any more

The words already and yet
Review:
still,
The words
and yet
and either
already,
also, too,
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Ill
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Using contractions
121
Word
Word
Word
122
123
order; frequency words

order: review
order: "place,"
^'manner,"
and '*time"
Word
Word
124
125
order: direct objects

order:
/%w;ah-c
direct
and
indirect
126
The
The
exercise
present tenses
past
tense
vs.
127
the
perfect
perfect
present
tense
129
Identifying
adverbs
adjectives
(2)
with as
Much and many
...132
and
Using adjectives vs. adverbs (2)

Review: adjective vs. adverb
The words no and not
Comparisons with adjectives
Intensifiers
130
^s
in comparisons
General comparisons
"The House Buyers"
133
134
135
136
137
138
...139
infinitive after objects
Review: infinitive
passive infinitive
Short
Comparisons with adverbs

Adjective vs, adverb in
142
and
comparisons (1)
vs. adverb in
comparisons (2)
Passive verb forms
143
after
//
vs.
gerund
additions
144
145
146
147
148
149
ISO
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
176
177
Eeview: direct vs. indirect speech

Using the general form of verbs
Writing clauses
"John's New Used Car"
Introduction to adverb clauses
-161
162
179
IW
164
165
166
..167
say and tell

Direct vs. indirect speech (I)
Direct vs. indirect speech (2)

vs. indirect speech (3)
Direct
Direct vs. indirect speech (4)
221
222
223
224
225
226
Showing "reason" or '^purpose"

Writing clauses of reason or
with too
180
either
181
.182
questions
Review: using question words

Introduction to adjective clauses
Recognizing adjective clauses

The connecting words
The connecting word that
Prepositions in questions
The word that in clauses (1)
Clauses without connecting
WJTds (1)
Using clauses in sentences
Writing adjective clauses
Using adjective phrases
Participles
before nouns
Introduction to noun clauses
Recognizing noun clauses

clauses with question words
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
IQI
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
...199
clauses vs. adjective clauses ...200

vs. which in clauses
201
Tne word
that in clauses (2)

Clauses without connecting
wrds (2)
Using connecting words

correctly
Verbs after question words
(1)
Verbs after question words
(2)
202
203
204
...205
...206
...227
Eurpose
owing
Avoiding repetition in additions

Review: answer presuming
ât
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
(passive
and neither
Noun
Noun
211
212
213
clauses
The words
178
Contrary short additions
The
past tense of should and

ought
Negatives with should and ought
Questions with should and ought
Expressing "necessity"
The past tense of must and have
Questions with must and have
Negatives with must and have
Review: question forms
Review: negative forms
Review: the auxiliary forms
Review: the principal verb
"The Important Meeting"
Review: simple question forms
Review: negative forms
(1) Gerund subject (2) infinitive
gerund
with
noun
171
172
173
174
175
Short additions with so
Adjective
"obligation"
vs,
auxiliaries
forms)
Active vs. passive

Expressing **ability" with can
The past tense of can
Using can and be able (l)
Using can and be able (2)
Expressing 'âdvisability" or
Direct questions vs.
209
210
Clauses after adjectives
infinitive after
adjectives
Infinitive
Using passive verbs
Writing clauses
an
Review: gerund and infinitive

The gerund after prepositions
Infinitive vs. gerund (1)
Infinitive vs. gerund (2)
141
141
"The House Buyers"
adjective
140
Questions,
inhnitivc after too and
For and the
The
170
168
participles
The
1^9
Sequence: the perfect past tense

Sequence: the auxiliaries
Review: sequence of tenses (1)
Review: sequence of tenses (2)
reason
infinitive after adjectives or
The
...131
show
to
or purpose
The
Using the continuous perfect

present tense
Identifying adjectives and adverbs
Using adjectives and adverbs (1)
infinitive
The
..428
*'result"
with so and juch..228
Writing clauses of
result
229
Showing "opposition" with

although
230
Using clauses of opposition

Writing clauses of comparison
Writing clauses of place
231
232
233
234
Review: writing clauses

Recognizing clauses of time
^35
The continuous past tense
236
The simple past vs. the continuous
pa:st
(1
past
237
238
The simple
The simple
past tense
past vs. the continuous
239
(2)
The perfect past tense

240
The simple past vs. the perfect past...241
The simple present for future
action
The simple present vs.

The continuous future
The simple future vs.
the future
tense
the
continuous future
"Mr. Foster's Travels"
Peal conditions: future (1)
Writing conditional sentences
Real conditions: future (2)
Real conditions: general
Unreal conditions: present and
future
.,
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
...250
251
254
Writing conditional sentences
Using the word unless in conditions ...255
256
Using clauses after the verb wish
257
Review: conditional sentences
Review: writing conditional
258
sentences
General review of the tenses
The emphatic forms with do
The habitual past with used
The expression be used (to)
The expression get used (to)
The expression be supposed
Expressing "expectancy'' with
should
"expectancy"
Expressing "necessity" with have
got
Impressing "necessity" in the past
Inaicating "assumption" with must
''Necessity" vs. "assumption"
Using may for "permission" or
^Âdvisability"
vs.
"possibility"
-..259
260
261
262
263
264
would
"preference"
The
The
auxiliaries
short infinitive after objects

past participle after objects
Understanding two-word verbs

Using two-word verbs
Prepositions with two-word verbs
Word
Word
Word
order (1)
order (2)
order (3)
Mistake"
"Life After 65"

"The Jaguar and the Wild Pig"
"Sugar, Water, and Dust"
"The Flag of the United States"
Quotations by famous Americans
Using the word some

Using the word other
in
expressions
in
expressions
of time (1)
292
293
294
295
297
in
expressions
of place (1)
Prepositions
291
296
Prepositions
Prepositions
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
298
in
expressions
of place (2)
Useful idiomatic expressions
299
300
271
Common
301
272
Verbs with
Verbs with
idiomatic expressions
Adjectives
273
with
rather
Review: using
"My
"The Importance of Advertising

"The Jack of All Trades"
of time (2)
267
268
269
270
Polite
Expressing
order (4)
"The Traveler"
Prepositions
265
266
Expressing "advisability" with
had better
or unemphatic statements
with would
Word
274
275
276
277
278
279
allied prepositions (2) ...303

with allied
prepositions (1)
Adjectives with allied
prepositions (2)
304
305
Participles with allied prepositions ...306
The
The
prepositions by and
wHh
prepositions to and for

After vs, afterward (s)
The words
...280
After
281
282
"The
283
allied preposirions (.1) ...302
suck
as,
as,
and
vs. later
Life of a Student"
APPENDIX
307
.308
like
309
310
311
312
INTERMEDIATE SECTION
'EVERY DAY'
l\^8KWiiMtSiiiiMiiil8WiiiiSiiS
Read
this story.
James Johnson
Study the verbs carefully
is
my
name.
Twenty people work

He works very hard.
work
in the
main
in that office every day.
company.
office of a big
Mr. Wilson
Almost everyone works hard.
Of
my
is
boss.
course, a
few
people don't work hard.
Mr. Wilson has a private

his secretary.
private office.
office.
gfv'Wilson meets
all
visitors either.
occasionally talk to visitors too.
Mr. Wilson writes many
aon
send
iMen
Miss Stewart
send
Mary
is
is
don't have a
don't meet
Peters.
visitors.
talks to visitors
don't usually talk to visitors.
He
letters to
sends
many
letters to
other companies.
But
customers.
Then
statistics.
""^-
But
Mr. Wilson
letters every day.
write letters too.
letters to
study
also has a secretary.
of the important visitors.
Miss Stewart doesn't meet
customers.
He
She helps Mr. Wilson. She doesn't help me.

But I have my own secretary. My secretary
^'' '^'
write reports for Mr. Wilson.
He
studies
^^ '"y "î^t^"t^- I have two

Smith and Green. They help
me very much. They don't write
They collect information from
other people. Then they give the
ntormataon to my secretary.
She collects informahon from
other people
too. Then she
^
gives the information to me.
asL?rV'f
^nb.
''''''''''
2^^
"P"^^- ^"^ ^'^ ^"^'^ --y '^"- ^^ -e.

êarilf"" T'^'e''^"^'^
''' '"'' '''''''' ''' ^'^
^'^
^ '-eTterrsr
"'" "^ "" *'^^ '''''''
Portant letters
too
îKliftJ'^-^' f?i^:Mxii Sljiirf :'iKi;S
*<^ other letterr
Th'r
'
'"'''"
^'""''
^^
'''' ^^^
''"''''''^
^"^^^"
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENS!

Use the simple present
1
tense of each verb.
work
in the
main
Write the verb
in the blank space.
office.
Mr. Wilson works very hard.
Almost everyone
We
very hard.
from 9:00 a.m.
Mr. Wilson
my own
secretary.
Miss Peters
letters for
reports for
Mr. Wilson
me.
Mr. Wilson.
the reports.
the information carefully.
My
to 5:00 p.m.
a private office.
secretary
all
Smith and Green

Miss Peters
of the mail.
only the important
letters.
information.
information too.
QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES
DO AND DOES
Write do or does
IN QUESTIONS
in the blank space in each sentence.
Do
the students study hard every day?
Does
Mr. Brown go
to his office
every day?
you want cream and sugar
the children go to bed very early?
that girl
you know that
Miss Stewart prefer coffee or tea?
your English lessons seem very
you have a good English dictionary?
My name
10
Mr. Moore teach English or history?
pany.
11
the Johnsons watch television every night?
12
Johnson and Wilson work
13
you write reports
14
those two
in
your coffee?
come from South America?

Italian student?
for
women
Read
Study the verbs carefully.
this story.
difficult?
in the
same
right
James Johnson.
is
am
in the office of the
We
Mr. Johnson
The
These
It
understand that lesson?
The men
DOiSN'T IN NEGATIVES
^minutes.
am
seem very
rain very
The Wilsons
Smith and Green
11
That
12
The people
Mrs, Moore
tall
man
Miss Graniero
sitting at
my
desk
We
are not working.
looking around the
We
office right
are resting for a few
now,
the room.
isn't
much
in
June and
July,
write reports for her boss,
watch television every night.

teach English at this school.
work
for this
company.
speak English very well.
go
working
Mr. Wilson
in his office.
see four people at the
with the people.
is
He
is
end of
taking the people
office.
He
is
telling the
people about our methods.
are listening to
Mr. Wilson
Miss Stewart
wearing a blue dress today. She
They
carefully.
difficult.
always eat at that cafeteria.
am
office.
eat at that cafeteria every day.
10
14
have a private
exercises
Miss Peters
13
every night.
study at the library every day.
am working on a report for Mr. Wilson. He is my boss. Miss Peters

She is my secretary. She is sitting beside
is helping me with the report.
my desk. But she isn't writing in her notebook. I am not dictating to
through our
boys
company now.
in the blank space in each sentence,
listen to the radio
manager of the Ajax Com-
Mr, Wilson
1
the office
now.
her at this moment.
Write don'/ or doesn't
am
office?
your boss every day?
PONT AND
to the store every day.
enjoy that history class.
She
is
is
talking over the telephone.
same time.
Someone
is
She
is
is
sitting at her desk.
writing in her notebook at the
giving important information to her over the
telephone right now.
There are twenty people in the room.

now. Three or four people are writing
Everyone
is
working hard
right
letters. Some people are studying

"npoftant papers. Smith and Green are not here
right now. They are not
writing reports.
They
are collecting information for me.
hear some noise in the

hall. There are three workers there. The three
naen are fixing
the floor in the hall. They are talking and laughing. They
I
are also hitting

the floor with
hammers.
THE VERBS AM,
8
Write
am
is,
Mr. Wilson
I
talking to visitors right now.
is
my
sitting at
Miss Peters
We
The people
He
Someone
She
desk right
at this
helping
me
moment.
with a report now.
working on the report right now.

looking around the
office at this
listening to
telling the
moment.
Mr. Wilson
carefully.
people about our methods.
talking to Miss Stewart right now.

talking and writing at the
same
time.
working very hard right now.
10
Everyone
11
Some people
12
Smith and Green
13
The men
They
14
Altf
or are in the blank space in each sentence.
am
AND
IS,
studying important papers now.

collecting information
now.
now.
fixing the floor in the hall right
also
making much noise
at this
moment.
THE CONTINUOUS PRESENT TENSE

Use the continuous present
1
He
is
Write the verb
in the
blank space.
working on a report right now.
We are
She
tense of each verb.
studying some important papers.
me
The men
The two
with the report now.

at their desks
now.
letters
now.
girls
Everyone
I
They
Someone
Mr. Adams
Smith and Green
very hard right now.
my
boss and the visitors.

to
Mr. Wilson
to
carefully.
Miss Stewart now.

letters right
now.
information.
QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES
10
^,
PRESENT TENS! NEGATIVE FORMS
Write don't, doesn't,
not in the blank space in each sentence.
2
3
4
5
He
He
It
It
Use
He
{work) hard every day.
He
{talk)
watch
television every day.
study their lessons
>.
Tom
to
Miss Stewart
{look)
at the
raining very hard right at the moment.

rain very much during the summer.
The
{sleep)
for
children
Those two fellows

That French
eating his lunch now.
Mr, Johnson
always eat at that place,
Uncle Walter
see any students in that room.
My
hear anyone in the hall now.
John and Frank
13
They
14
They
like
milk with their meals.
have enough money for a new
car.
PRESENT TENSE QUESTION FORMS
12
Write do, does,
P^
is,
are^
or
am
in the
blank space in each sentence,
men come to work at 9:00 every morning?

the men coming into the room right now?
you learn the new words in each lesson?
you learning the new words right now?
Mr. Johnson work for the Ajax Company?
Mr. Johnson working on a report right now?
she usually
she sitting in the fourth
2
3
Are
He
now.
studying their lessons right now.
Mr. Johnson
every day,
is
talking to
the
friend
Mr. Johnson
11
My
hamburgers very much.
{write)
{work)
{rain) very
much
moment.
letters at this
hours a week.
thirty-five
some money
{need)
sister
English very well.
dinner with us every Sunday.
{eat)
{enjoy)
10
now.
the car right
{fix)
{speak)
girl
newspaper now.
books.
for her
United
12
It
13
Mr. Brown {pay)
14
The
15
Mr. Moore
16
Mr. Moore
17
18
Smith
19
Miss Peters {talk) to Mr. Johnson right now.
student
in the
his bills once a
{look ttp)
{begin)
my
the
friend
{watch)
new word
right
now.
English from 2:00 to 4:00 p.m.
{teach)
{owe)
that
States,
month.
new
lesson right
two dollars and
game
a baseball
now.
fifty cents.
every Saturday.
Pierre
21
22
We
We
23
The sun
{get)
very hot during the afternoon.
24
Alice and
Mary
{put away)
you read many books every year?
25
Mr. Harris
{read)
10
you reading an interesting book now?
26
The Moores
often
11
the students need help with their lessons?
27
Mr. Berg
12
this lesson
28
13
you remember the name of that book?
29
14
you understand
30
The
in the third
seem very
all
now.
two hours every afternoon.
20
sit
Tom
after class.
He works hard
watching a television program now.
10
11
13
Choose between the simple
the correct tense of the verb in each sentence.
12
CONTINUOUS PRESENT
vs.
present tense and the continuous present tense.
doesn't listen to the radio every evening.
They
They
am
ijn^ listening to the radio right now.
We
We
or
isn't, aren't,
SIMPIE PRESENT
/O
row?
row today?
difficult to
you?
of the words very well?
{know)
always
{do)
{do)
of the
new words
very well now.
our English lessons carefully.
exercise thirteen right at the
{talk)
frequently
{do)
all
moment.
the dinner dishes right
an interesting book about Lincoln.

{attend)
our Tuesday night meetings.
to his teacher about that mistake.
{do)
my homework on
the bus.
the next to last sentence right now.
teacher
now.
{close)
the door at nine oVlock sharp.
WORDS
14
THIS, THlSi, THAT,
THOSE
SUBJECT
AND OBJECT PRONOUNS
16
!!!!
Choose
Choose
this or these.
that or those.
Substitute
pronouns for the
italicized
words in each sentence. Notice the
first
examples.
This
is
13 Is
your briefcase.
/^<^/
man
now?
here
2 These
are your books.
16 Are those students ready?
book
17
interesting.
is
very
19
difficult.
Is
is
are quite easy.
20 Are
seem very hard.
21 Does
seems very
lesson
..,
is
simple.
That fellow understands the lesson completely.
The
comfortable?
23 Are
children here?
Do
men speak English?

woman know you?
10
The man
lesson very easy?
11
Those people need the money
desk?
12
John and Frank are writing the
drawers ?
13
Frank and
14
The two
feel
are very heavy.
25 Does
12
is very pretty,
26
Is
27
Do
14
go on
lines,
-
seem
Do
11
goes on
students working?
belong on
go
28 Does
line.
THE EXPRESSIONS THERE
15
Use there
questions.
is
and
there are
and
in the
room with
in
these words.
Make
a table
There
is
chairs
Are there
Charles and Mary like that English book?

Miss Brown explaining the lesson to the students?
The women are talking about the party.
moving the
is
I usually
Jurniture into the other room.
girls are putting the
The
statements and
17
John, Frank,
to
moment?
21
Betty sends a letter to her parents every week.
baseball
very
much.
the room.
22
Mr. Harris
in
the room?
23
Do
The people don't like the news very much.

The student is writing the explanation in his notebook.
The police protect the city day and night.
The policeman is giving a ticket to that woman.
two doors
19
a big table
24
Bill
is
helping that student with the lesson.
and you read
that newspaper every
12
a closet
20
some women
25
a blackboard
13
21
a pretty picture
14
22
many people
27
chairs
some men
three maps
26
a telephone
15
a wastebasket
23
a small
29
The United
The teacher
30
His friends always enjoy
man
windows
16
children
24
four chairs
a rug
17
many
25
much light
many lamps
an ashtray
this
All of the students enjoy
desks
18
at
19
a picture
people
Mr. Wilson
20
10
the corner.
at
food on the table now.
and I are studying the new words now.

The waitress always washes the tables carefully.
Does Mrs, Brown buy her groceries at that store.?
now.
letter right
in
chairs
chairs
soon as possible.
teachers spoke to the students about that matter,
11
as
meet our friends
16
a table in the room?
There are chairs
Do
Are the men speaking
a table in the room.
him
Is
15
18
Is there
to
children like their teachers very much.
THERE ARE
AND
IS
Notice the examples.

1
24
13
words are new.
10
now?
;'/
difficult?
22
easy,
boy reading
your gloves?
18 Are
questions are hard.
your notebook?
Is
He is reading
The boy is reading the book.
They are talking
The students are talking to Tom,
Mary is studying her lesson with John,
Mr, and Mrs, Johnson enjoy television vtty much.
26
28
States consists of
is
fifty
morning?
individual states.
explaining the words to Miss Gr.miero.

his jokes
very much.
two
THE POSSESSIVE ENDINGS
17
Write the
form of each word
correct possessive
(Helen)
The
(Frank)
hat
Helen's hat
pretty.
is
The
books are here.
{hoys)
English
summer suit is beautiful.

The (girls) new apartment is lovely.
Mr. (Brown) son knows Bill and Tom
That (man)
4
5
That
Those (men)
well.
Company.
the Ajax
brother works for
are in the other closet.
coats
10
11
ifCom)
12
(Fred) (parents) house
{student) books are on his desk.
papers are in that drawer.
(students)
(friend)
sister
San Francisco,
lives in
is
end of the next block.
at the
SHOWING POSSESSION
18
Show
(girl)
The
The
is pretty.
hoys' books are here
good,
very
isn*t
Refer to the italicized word or words with the correct possessive adjective. Notice
the first two examples.
parentheses.
in
possession with
or
*s
s'
or of.
Add
the
\9
THE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
ii necessary.
Notice the
first
The man
Miss Peters
They
We
That
The
studying
is
his^
writing in her notebook right now.
is
lunch at the Ritz Cafeteria.
usually eat
always study
English lessons very carefully..
always takes very good care of
girl
You
Tom
clothes.
children are playing with
toys right
now.
pens and pencils in the second drawer.
always put
English assignment now.
don't do
English lessons very carefully.
and Bill are walking home with
10
Mr, Brown seldom drives
11
Miss Davis
12
We
using
is
car to
sister's
office.
book
today,
friends once or twice a month.
write letters to
13
Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are
14
You and
I don't
friends.
living
sitting in
money very
spend
room now.
carefully.
two
examples.
THE POSSESSIVE
1
(man) (name)
(hook)
(title)
unusual.
is
short.
is
The man's name is unusuaL

The title of the book is shor
(doctor)
(office)
on the tenth
is
(table)
Does Mr. Johnson know
Do
Does anyone know (height)
(coats)
(w&men)
(table)
(surface)
10
(cover)
(hook)
Alice and Betty
know
(boys)
(car)
(friend)?
in
That book
Those
is
(my book). That book
are (her pictures).
is
mine
Those are hers
Kxt
not very smooth.
yellow and blacR.
That newspaper on the desk is (her newspaper).

That big white house on the corner is (their house).
Is this
Are those
is
All of our suitcases are in (trunk)
13
Mr. Harris
14
Mrs. Edna Wilson
15
The two workers
16
(new
students usually write on (paper)
talking to
is
(student)
(aunt)
(both sides),
(car).
(father),
(Miss Stewart),
are repairing (house)

is
each sentence
All of these magazines are (his magazines)
The
(John)
parentheses
Those
11
car)
in
12
is
pronoun for the words

two examples.
(that wall)
are in the closet in the hall.
is
first
floor.
(legs) are not very strong.

(price)
20
Substitute a possessive
t.
Notice the
3
PRONOUNS
(roof).
certainly very beautiful.
10
11
Are
cigarettes
on
the table are
(my
these papers [your papers)
all of
thei!i
cigarettes),
?
your purse or (Miss Brown's purse)}
my
overshoes or (his overshoes)
two books (your books) or (my hooks)?

Edward's new suit and (my new suit) are very similar.
these
12
Their house and (our house) are both on the same block
13
That red
14
Is this
car in front of (your car)
is
(my
English book (your hook) or (his
brother's car).
sisi'er's
hook)?
FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS
21
POUTE REQUESTS
23
Change these orders and
two exainples.
directions to polite requests.
Use two forms. Notice the
THE PAST TENSE OF BE
Open
the door.
Please open the
Would you
Come
door.
at 7:30.
Please come at 7:30.
Would you
me
please
come
at 7:30.
the magazine.
Give
Shut that window,
Finish your work.
Come back soon.

me before 5:30.
Call
Mail the
Pass the sugar.
please open the door,
letter
me
today.
the answer.
10
Tell
11
Bring
12
Return those books.
to
it
me.
NEGATIVE ORDERS AND REQUESTS
24
Change these orders and
first two examples.
directions to polite requests.
Use two forms. Notice the
Shut the door.
Call
Don't shut the door.
Bring your friend today.
Please don^t shut the door.
Tell them about that.
Put your coat there.
9
10
Turn off the light.

Turn on the radio.
11
12
Talk
Sit
on the
Don't
sit
sofa.
on the
Please don't
sit
sofa.
on the
sofa.
Put the box there.
Move
the chairs.
me
Are the lessons easy?
16
Is the
17
Are you
You are very late.

You were very late.
They are
It
She
That
The men
is
book
Is
New
20
He is not in
I am not very
very
is
York.
Mr. Harris
You
is
23
there.
are on time.
tired.
That
22
10
the room.
24
a surprise.
11
interesting?
25
21
are angry.
that
The man is not busy.

They are not hungry,
Miss Brown is not here,
Those are not very easy.
tired.
is
not
difficult.
THE PAST TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS
27
Use the past tense form of the verb in parentheses in each sentence.
me
now.
LET'S
Write the negative
let's.
(finish) the
work
Everyone (enjoy) the party very much
The
The
clerk (count) the
friend (help)
driver
(stop)
money two or three times.

me with my homework this afternoon.
13
My
AH
14
The
See that
Watch
movie.
television tonight.
Finish the
work now.
11
Go
12
Study those two lessons.
to the store.
sister
(stay)
last night.
the bus very quickly.
Mr. Berg (describe)
Listen to the radio.
life.
year.
students (study) those two lessons yesterday.
12
yesterday.
his friend last night.
The
11
not call Fred tonight,
work
to us very carefully.
My
Let's
finished the
(like) that movie about President Wilson's

That company (hire) twenty new workers last
10
school today.
We
Read the newspaper.

to
yesterday.
10
in that class?
18
at
Mr. Harris (explain) the lesson
to
sandwich good?
19
// in
am
work.
or wrong?
right
tired?
in that drawer,
Walk
Mr. and Mrs. Moore.

Learn those words now.
Am
15
Push the table back.
Visit
14
were almost ready.
We
Fred tonight,
now,
are almost ready.
Frank (borrow) some money from
call
Let's not study that lesson
13
Let's
Lefs study that lesson now.
7/ the teacher here?
Are you very
Study that lesson now.
We
We
12
Oiange these orders and directions to suggestions with

form also. Notice the first two examples.
Call Fred tonight.
He is in his office.
He was in his office.
after 5:30.
SUGGESTIONS WITH
25
in each sentence to the past tense.
Change the verb
first
26
in
his trip to us after class yesterday.
Europe
for
two and
a half
months.
of the students (copy) the assignment carefully.

secretary (omit)
two or three names from the
list.
THE PAST TENSE OF IRREGULAR VERBS
28
Use the past tense form of the verb in parentheses in each

work with the list of irregular verbs in the appendix.
We
(go) to a concert.
He
{hring) his friend.
Frank (take) a course
We
He
to
a concert
brought his friend,

last year.
You (make)
of the papers in his briefcase.
all
several mistakes in the last exercise.
(drink) two cups of coffee at breakfast today.
Mr. Harris
(tell) the students the
answer
to the question*
Mt. and Mrs. Wilson
12
The Wilsons
(sell)
(build) a
their old
new house
in
house
North
at a
low
price.
Plains.
13
All of the students (read) the assignment carefully.
14
We
(eat) lunch at the cafeteria with our friends.
REVIEW OF THE PAST TENSE
29
past tense
form of
the verb in parentheses in each sentence.
They (sell) their house.

They (walk) to the corner.
We
(listen)
to that radio
They sold
their house,
They walked
program
the
to the corner,
last night,
The
That movie about Wilson's
teacher told the students the answer to the question.

life
was
interesting.
Mr. Harris explained the meaning of the word
Those men from South America were
11
The students studied carefully for the examination.

The Wilsons sold their house at a low price.
The last lesson was very difficult for the students.
12
Their friends watched that television program
13
The man
14
There were many people
last night.
read the instructions in the book very carefully.

at the party last Friday night.
NEGATIVES IN THE PAST TENSE
31
to negatives. Study the
first
2
3
He worked very hard.

He drove very carefully.
He was at the meeting.
He
He
He
didn't
work very hard
Professor Taylor (teach) a different class last year.
The
The
students (practice) the
We
(spend) two and a half weeks in Los Angeles.
Everyone
in the audience
10
Mr. Wilson (drive)
11
12
13
14
(repeat) each
(enjoy)
his car to
new word
the professor's speech,
work
this
morning.
four or five times.
The secretary (put) the dictionary beside the typewriter,

The rain (stop) in the middle of the afternoon.
The Browns (receive) a letter from them several days ago.
9
^
^
J5
copi^
the
wasn't at the meetinz^
secretary
didn't drive very carefully
Alice ate lunch at the cafeteria with her friends.
three examples very
arefuliy.
The
after their class,
to her.
meeting.
at the
new words
three examples
Mr. Johnson (ride) downtown with his friend today.

The two men (carry) the furniture very carefully.
first
Change the following statements
Use the
Study
questions.
10
Charles (leave) for California three days ago.
11
to
They finished the work.

Did they finish the work?
They spoke to John,
Did they speak to John?
They were in their office.
Were they in their office?
Mr. and Mrs. Wilson visited their friends in Detroit.
1
.
to the teacher right after class.
Mr. Johnson (put)
30
carefully.
went
French
in
Check your
(find) Miss Stewart's purse under a chair.
Mr. Bbrg (speak)
10
We
sentence.
QUESTIONS IN THE PAST TENSE
names from the
list carefully.
students were ready for the examination.

Mr. Harris taught at Eastern University last summer.
The
The
The
The
teacher noticed the mistake in that sentence.
Our
friends
last
two lessons were very
difficult for
me.
students brought their dictionari'es to class yesterday.

director agreed with his assistants
on that matter.
There were many people in the audience last night.
Mr. Johnson prepared that report for Mr. Wilson.
went
to the
movies with us on Saturday night.
BROWNS'
'THE
32
Use the
form of the verb
past tense
TRIP'
in parentheses in each sentence.
'THE
Use
The Browns
They {go)
First they {drive)
Then they {jly) to Havana, Cuba.

Next they {leave) for Mexico.
They {spend) two weeks in Mexico.
They {have) a good time in Bogota.
6
7
many
{âke) a
trip.
The p^ny {begin)
They {write) many letters to their friends from South America.

The Browns {buy) unusual giits for their friends in Bolivia.
The whole trip {cost) the Browns about two thousand dollars.
10
11
{see)
interesting things in Quito, Ecuador.
"THE PHOTOGRAPHER"
33
Use the
1
form of the verb
past tense
His friend
Bill {sell) the
wife {wear) her
to the party at Bill's
new
Our
friends {ride)
Fortunately,
My
Everyone {eat)
to the party in
lots of
Everyone {drink) a
11
Mr. Brown
Tom
our
car.
at the party.
sandwiches and cake at the party.
lot
of coffee and beer at the party.
us all about his trip to South America.
{tell)
and Fred {bring)

{sing)
sl
guitar and an accordion to the party.
of our favorite songs at the party.
all
14
Everyone {have) a very good time
15
After the party,
my
wife and
at Bill's party.
{feel)
Bill last
month.
35
dollars.
Use
1
Yesterday {be) a very bad day for me.
at the time.
{begin) the day with an accident.
{cut)
{forget) about the meeting.
camera to him for eighty
the past tense
form of the verb
Fred {pay) for the camera in cash.
Fred (know) almost nothing about photography
Bill
Fred {read)
Fred {keep) the camera in a case for protection.
Then
Then
Of course, Fred {hold)
6
7
Unfortunately,
10
Fred {leave) the films
Then
11
Fred {get) the pictures back two or three days
Fortunately, the police {catch) the thief a
12
All of the pictures {come out) very
13
Fred {bring)
14
Bill
15
Bill {say) all of the pictures were very good.
After that,
16
Fred {put) two or three photographs in his billfold.

Fred {send) the other photographs to his mother and father.
As
17
{give) Fred a book with complete instructions.

of the instructions very carefully.
Fred {take) pictures of all of his friends.
{see)
all of
sleepy.
"MY BAD DAY'
all
and
tired
all
{leave) at eight.
{speak) to most of the guests.
10
We
we
house before the party.
their
{know) almost everyone
wife and
13
last night.
our car to their house.
{drive)
12
house
silk dress to the party.
at eight-thirty, but
in parentheses in each sentence,
Fred {buy) a camera from his friend
{go)
{meet) our friends at
Miami.
The Browns
wife and
We
We
form of the verb
the past tense
to South America.
to
34
My
My
PARTY"
the camera very carefully.

at a
photographic store the next day.

later.
clearly.
of the pictures to class yesterday.
Fred's photographs.
{bet)
my hand
{tear)
with a razor blade.
my new
suit.
on a baseball game
I
a thief {steal)
10
Later
{fall)
11
Then
little
12
Next an angry dog

I
a climax,
next.
my money.
my billfold.
{lose)
little
on some slippery steps and {hurt)

boy {throw) a
{fall
I
{bite)
down)
ball
me and
me
and {hit)
while
my
arm.
accidentally.
my pants.
my new watch.
ticket on my car!
{tear) the seat of
again and {break)
{find) a ten-dollar parking
later.
QUESTIONS ABOUT "THE BROWN'S
36
1
2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
past tense
QUESTIONS ABOUT "THE PHOTOGRAPHER'

Did
Did
Did
Did
Did
Did
Fred buy a camera from
his friend
Bili?C5fî!Li^^
Bill give
lot
about photography at that time?
Fred a book with complete instructions ?
Fred take a
lot of pictures of his friends ?
Fred put any photographs
in his billfold
40
(1)
form of the
1
The
jeel
That
take
Bill
send
The
meet
Alice
lose
Mother
stand
They
We
boys went
home an hour
10
grow
11
break
12
We
hurt
13
He
once.
Use only
the
a pretty
tie
from the
American
a course in
little
ago.
three feet last year.
tree
boy
the glass
rack.
history.
window.
her pen at school yesterday.

very sick this morning.
a letter to
Walter yesterday.
speech on the radio.
his
The wind
blow
Use each verb only
verb.
choose
fall
Fred pay very much for the camera ?
Fred know a
IRREGULAR VERB QUIZ
Select the correct verb for each sentence.
Did the Browns take a trip last summer?

Did the Browns drive to South America?
Did Mr. and Mrs. Brown spend much time in Mexico?
Did they have a good time in Bogota, Colombia?
Did the Browns write letters to their friends?
Did they buy gifts for their friends in all of the countries ?
37
1
TRIP'
very hard last night.
on the corner
for half
an hour.
our friends there at 5:00 p.m.
on the
and
ice
his arm.
hear
QUESTIONS ABOUT
38
''THE
PARTY'
IRREGULAR VERB QUIZ

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Did you go to a party at Bill's house last night?

Did you meet your friends before the party?
Did the party begin at seven-thirty or eight-thirty?
Did everyone eat sandwiches and drink coffee at the party?
Did everyone have a good time at the party last night ?
Did Tom and Bill bring musical instruments to the party?
Did you feel very tired and sleepy after the party?
Select the correct
past tense
build
41
(2)
verb for each sentence. Use each verb only once. Use only the
form of the
verb.
Last year, this class beân at 8:30 p.m.
Mary
The Browns
The thief
on the slippery
a
QUESTIONS ABOUT "MY BAD DAY'
Was
Did
Did
3
4 Did
Did
5
6 Did
7 Did
2
Miss Davis
He
to
his
me
Bill
you forget about that important meeting
you
you
a
lose all of your

fall
dog
money on the
in the
game?
your arm?
on those slippery steps and hurt

you and tear the seat of your pants?
ticket
sister.
The man
Mr. Wilson
new
knife.
dress to the party.
fifteen dollars yesterday.
the door very quietly.

the car carefully.
baseball
bite
you get a parking
morning?
Cuba with her
hand with a sharp
her
you cut your hand with a razor blade?
last year.
us a long letter last week.
Mary
yesterday a very bad day for you
new house
jewelry from that store.
Frank
39
steps today*
from a policeman?
She
We
The dog
the dictionary beside the typewriter.
happy because of the news.
me and
my
clothes.
42
RREGULAR VERB QUIZ
(3)
Use each verb only once. Use only

Choose the correct verb for each sentence.
verb.
the
of
form
tense
past
the
sleep
find
speak
the answers to the questions.
John
He
drive
Bill
know
the back door a

for ten hours
to the teacher about that,

to
Fred
tell
Betty
ride
spend
feel
put
teach
9
10
11
12
13
the dishes
Mr. Harris
We
morning.
on the
shelf.
that class last year.
a friend to the party.
the students the answer.
teacher
Frank
I
this
ten dollars over the weekend.
Charles
The
work by bus
quite sick last night.
bring
shut
few minutes ago.

last night.
the car very carefully.

the answer
in the
appendix.
IRREGULAR VERB QUIZ
(5)
44
Select the correct verb for each sentence. Use each verb only once.
past tense form of the verb.
bring
Our team
the baseball
Mr. Smith
his job last
The other
The man
The boy
My
me
suit
the butter
me
brother
He
the
teacher
on his bread.
twenty-five dollars.
window with
in
Fred's new camera

The Browns
The
very well.
the ball to me, and
We
yesterday.
Thursday.
the rope with a knife.
The boys
The
game
Use only the
front of
a ball.
it.
the blackboard.
eighty dollars.
a
new house
last
month.
to Cincinnati in five hours.
students
their dictionaries to class.
REVIEW: QUESTIONS WITH Bi
46
Qaange
the following
statements
to
questions.
Study the
first
three examples
The men
The men
are here now.
working now.
are
Are the men working now?
Frank
The house right next to theirs is Mr. Johnson's.

The last lesson was difficult for the students.
is
Are there students
in the room.
taking a course in
German
In the
room ?
Miss Peters
There were a
11
The men were very tired after all of that hard work.
Smith and Green are collecting information for Mr. Johnson.
There are many clerks in that big department store.
12
It is
is
writing letters for Mr. Johnson right now.
people
lot of
at Bill's party last night.
raining very hard right now.
13
The man
14
Mr. Brown
in front of
is
Frank
is
Mr. Anderson.
reading the evening newspaper right now.
47
REVIEW: QUESTIONS WITH
Change
the following
statements to questions.
Study
the
first
three
DO
examples
carefully.
Mr. Moore {read)
that story to the students next
The
janitor {lock)
the door to the office at 6:30 p.m.
We
{have) an important holiday two months from now.
The men {he) here
11
Mr. Johnson's wife {buy) refreshments
12
All of the people {be) ready at ten o'clock tomorrow morning.
13
Mr. Pennyweight {return)
14
Our
The
7
8
Mr. and Mrs. Johnson borrowed the money from a bank.

They watch television every night of the week.
Mr. Moore teacher English from nine o'clock
10
secretary understood
Mr. Wilson's
man
speak very fast?
month.
instructions completely.
to eleven o'clock,
Miss Graniero always does her homework very
carefully,
Tom's friend put his hat and overcoat in the closet.

Mr. Johnson works thirty-five hours a week.
13
Miss Peters wrote
14
all
The two mechanics
of the reports for Mr. Johnson.
did that
work very
quickly.
subway
station at five o'clock.
49
(1)
We
We
ate lunch with John.
will eat lunch with John.
and ask him
John spoke
Charles went to the movies with his friends last night.
The Wilsons flew to Brazil and Argentina last year.

The clerk wrapped the package and gave her the change.
Our guests saw almost all of the city during their vacation.
The student wrote a description of his city for the teacher.
My
10
12
11
England a week from tomorrow.
to the future tense with will. If necessary,

the expression of time (change yesterday to tomorroWf tic).
the
for the party.
Change the verb in each sentence
Did
Los Angeles once
to
friends {meet) us at the
USING THE fUTURE TENSE
Those two women come from South America.
to
at one- thirty this afternoon.
{remind) Mr. Wilson of his appointment with you tonight.
Mr. Wilson
flies
Monday.
10
tomorrow.
Does the man drive very fast?

Did the man work very hard ?
will leave early
The man drives very fast.

The man worked very hard.
The man spoke very fast.
He
early tomorrow.
{leave)
Use only the
three examples carefully.
first
We {see) him next week.

We will see him next week,
They {be) here in ten minutes. They will be here in ten minutes,
The meeting {begin) at nine o'clock tonight.
I {give) Mr. Brown your message tomorrow night.
this semester.
48
the future tense of the verb in parentheses in each sentence.
He
Are the men here now ?
There are students
10
\}se
future tense with wUl. Study the
carefully.
THE FUTURE TENSE WITH WILL
U
12
returned and asked him.
friend
will return
to the director's secretary
Edward
Bill sold his
camera
lent
to
me
the
about that matter.
money
week ago.
Fred and bought a new one.
They read that historical novel three weeks ago.

Mr. Johnson wore his new winter overcoat to work.
*5
My
secretary got to the ofl&ce
14
We
got up early and had our breakfast at 7:30.
on time
this
morning.
change
future tense of the verb in parentheses in each sentence.

future tense with go. Study the first four examples carefully.
Use the
(finish)
He
We
am going to
He is going to
next week.
it
{go) there tomorrow.

{be)
We ate
at the meeting.
and {ask) him.
am
The
teacher
We
(attend)
Mr. Wilson and Mr. Johnson (be)
We
{return)
(study)
(go)
conference
that
next week,
go there tomorroiv,
going to be at the meeting.
St.
my
Louis
next
friends
Miss Anderson (invite)
11
Mr. Harris (teach)
12
My
13
The men
all
month.
tonight.
in the office all afternoon.
of her friends to her party.
a different English class next year.
(go)
to
Baltimore with
me
week.
next
(repair) the roof of the house the day after tomorrow.

There (be) an important meeting here next Thursday evening.
USING THE FUTURE TENSE
51
(2)
Qiange the verb
in each sentence to the future tense with go. If necessary, change

the expression of time (change yesterday to tomorrow, etc.).
1
We went there last night. We are
The
saw him two days

students read
ago. /
the
am
QUESTIONS: THE FUTURE WITH WILL

1
He
They
Mr. and Mrs. Wilson
going to go there tomorrow night,
going to see him two days from now,
assignment carefully yesterday.
go by
will
to questions.
Notice the examples.
Will he go by train ?
train.
Will they be there?
be there.
will
52
will arrive in Detroit
on Monday.
You will finish all of the work before tomorrow.

Many people will attend the meeting tomorrow night.
There will be enough food and coffee
All of the students will copy the
Mr. and Mrs. Anderson will be
Your
movies with our friends tomorrow night.
10
brother
in
English lesson with
the
to
it
the next lesson to us tomorrow.
{explain)
my
finish
Use only the
going to return and ask him
14
60
THE FUTURE TENSE WITH
50
friends
everyone.
of words from the bock.

Madison a week from now.
list
in
help you with your
will
for
homework
tonight.
tomorrow.
10
Mr.
11
Dinner
12
The messenger
13
There will be an important announcement over the radio tonight
14
Mr. and Mrs. Anderson will return from
Johnson
mail
will
that
important
letter
will be ready at 7:00 p.m. tonight.
will
the
deliver
package to your house.
New York
by
train.
GO
QUESTIONS: THE FUTURE WITH
53
Change the following statements to questions. Notice the examples.

1
He
They
he going to leave early ?
going to leave early
Is
are going to be there.
Are they going
is
Brown
Bill
Mr. Foster
going to eat lunch with us today.
is
is
to be there?
going to quit
his job
with the Ajax Company.
John spoke
Mr. and Mrs. Brown bought
Mr. Foster
Mr. Moore was the teacher of this class last year.

She picked up the paper and threw it into the wastebasket.
^0
10
Tom
^1
11
Mrs. Johnson wore her
^2
The
^3
Mr. Brown
*4
Frank's friends are going to go to the movies with us tonight.
12
13
14
sent
my
and
to Professor
Taylor about that
Bill
letter
Thursday.
All of the students are going to go to the lecture tonight.
You
Ajax Company.
There
and told him about everything.
His friends are going to leave here the day after tomorrow.
Professor Moore is going to explain that lesson to them.
new house
quit his job with the
friend
last
last
year.
had dinner with Mr. Moore and Mr. Harris.
new spring coat to the party yesterday.

made an important announcement over the radio.
My wife bought a new winter overcoat this week.
The Browns sold their old house last year and bought a new one.
president
We
are going to accept his offer for a job with that company.
is
going
to
be a party here next Friday night.
watch that television program tonight.

Both Fred and Tom are going to be at the meeting tomorrow.
are going
Mrs. Johnson
is
to
is
going
to
wear her new dress
this
evening.
going to take his vacation in August.
NEGATIVES: THE FUTURE WITH WIIL
JSING THE FUTURE TENSES
56
(3)
Jse the future with go in place of the future with uiHL
We
be
will
We
at the meeting.
Our friends will go

The Andersons will
won^t be at the meeting.
tomorrow.
to that part of the city
leave California before January tenth.
Mr. Johnson's secretary will be in the office today.

Mr. Berg will attend his English class tonight.
There will be a meeting here next Thursday evening.
The Andersons
will stop in
Miss Peters will

Frank and
finish
Denver on
way
to
New
York.
those reports before Wednesday.
be at the library
will
their
this
afternoon.
Uncle Dan will eat dinner with us next Sunday.

will need your help with that work tomorrow.
We
The
students will be ready for the examination next week,
Wilson
will
read Mr. Johnson's reports
55
NEGATIVES: THE FUTURE WITH

1
They
2 She
going to be there.
The Browns
My
am
They
are going to return.
is
She
isn't
friend Frank
is
The
going to ask Mr. Wilson for his advice

The workers in that company are going to
10
new house
this
there.
this year.
evening.
going to join that club.
Miss Stewart and

I
going to be
letter
are going to
go shopping
this
afternoon.
Johnsons' friends are going to be at the party,
am
Pierre
is
going to work for a degree
at
in this matter.
join
He
The
There will be a concert
We
Mr. Smith
Will you be
She won't clean the house
will be ready at five.
will
after the meeting.
Monday morning.
next
until
guests will leave for Wisconsin
tomorrow
night.
Our
11
Will you stop in Miami on your way to South America.^
12
Will Mr. Wilson and Mrs. Johnson be
13
There won't be many
14
The plumber
people
in
in the office
the office this
will fix the leak in the
USING THE FUTURE TENSES
a union.
We
are going to
She
is
Our
Miss Graniero
Are you going
tomorrow?
afternoon.
bathroom tomorrow.
57
(4)
go
going to be there
teacher
is
going
is
will
She mil be there too.
too.
going to meet us after
my
go tonight.
help us with that lesson.
to
to accept
class
today.
Mr. Wilson's offer for a job?
I'm
His friend
There's going to be an important meeting here tomorrow.
Are you going
going
to
isn't
study
to
be
^^
No, I'm not going
^^
Is
Fred tonight.
13
We
14
We
^^
I'm going to return
your office tomorrow afternoon?
in
to be in
Mr. Wilson going

Mr. Johnson is going
aren't
with
assignment
going to leave until next Thursday or Friday.
^5
this evening.
We
tonight.
the university.
program
park on Friday night.
10
assistant.
are going to listen to that radio
in the
at the library until four o'clock.^
^2
hire another
brother this afternoon.
meet us right here
There are going to be many people here tomorrow night

Smith is going to accept Mr. Wilson's offer for a job.
to
at five*
will eat dinner at six or six-thirty tonight.
The
going
soon.
make an important speech tomorrow.
president will
12
is
my
will mail the letter to
11
boss
Use the future with will in place of the future with go.
aren^t going to return,
are going to buy a
going to answer John's
GO
to negatives. Study the examples.
afternoon.
this
am going to leave very

He is going to be ready
will leave very soon.
my
to hire a
office
new
to ride to
tomorrow afternoon.
week?
secretary next
work with Mr. Smith
going to go to Miami by train

all
this
today.
time.
of the books to you tomorrow morning.
"A TRIP TO
Read
this story.
NEW
58
YORK'
Study the use of the verbs carefully.
Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are going
New
by
York. They
They
air.
to take a trip
leave California on Sunday.
tvill
from California
They
Sunday afternoon. The
will arrive at the airport at 2:00
plane will leave for
New
York
New York
They
are going to stay at a hotel near
They
that night.
will get
up
early
at 2:30, Therefore, they will arrive in
on Monday. They will
They
leave the hotel before nine o'clock.
between 34th
area
Street
New
of
stores,
to
They
will start at Pennsylvania
on Sixth Avenue. They will also
They are going
New York
Public Library.
to
walk
to First
Avenue and 42nd
They are
tired.
Street
on Tuesday.
But on the way, theyV^ ^^'^<? ^^ ^ôp at Grand Central Station.
River,
will
go
They
to the beautiful
will
BROOKLYN
walk down the
hotel.
United Nations buildings along the East
street to the
TheyV^ going
GUIDE TO
New
York University-Bellevue Medical
to eat dinner with
Then
they will return to their
some old
friends that evening.
MAP ON PAGE
32: 1 Times Square. 2 the Port Authority Bus Ter3 Pennsylvania Station.
4 the U.S. General Post Office, 5 the Empire State
^ *^^ Metropolitan Opera House. 7 the New York Public Library. 8 Grand
r
2.*"i^-r.
^^ntral Station.
9 the Chrysler Building.
11 the New York
10 the United Nations.
vmversity - Bellevue Medical Center.
13 the
12 the East Side Airlines Terminal.
Vueens Midtown Tunnel. 14 Rockefeller Center.
16 the
IS Radio City Music Hall.
Modern Art. 17 the Whitney Museum. 18 St. Patrick's Cathedral. 19
r^l^T^J^^
^mple Emanu-El. 20 the Frick Museum. 21 Hunter College. 22 New York Hospital
i \,ornell
Medical Center. 23 Madison Square Garden. 24 the New York Coliseum.
^^^)^^^ ^^^^ 2oo. 26 the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 27 the Haydcn Plan-i^^ the Museum of Natural History. 29 Carnegie Hall. 30 the Queensboro
fiî
Brooklyn Bridge
34 ?? î*^^ Williamsburg Bridge. 32 the Manhattan Bridge. 33 the
35 Stuyvesant Town. 36 Greenwich Village. 37 Washington
FcP^^P^^ Village.
Soua
^^^ ^^k University (downtown section). 39 the Bowery. 40 Chinatown,
41 fK r- 1
" ^^^^ Market. 42 City Hall. 43 the New York Stock Exchange. 44 Batterv^p
the
**"
*^^ Battery Tunnel to Brooklyn. 46 the Ferry to Staten Island.
FerrJ
V^.,1^
S0>k1 T .^"!^ Island. 48 the Ferry to the Statue of Liberty. 49 the Holland Tunnel.
52 Columbia University.
53 pf^'?5l" '^""el. 51 Cathedral of St. John the Divine.
54 Grant's Tomb. 55 the International House. 56 City College
of Nl^fv'^^,^?!?^^/^w York (CC.N.Y,). 57
Lewisohn Stadium.
minaL
^^
NEW,;
YORK
CITY-K^^
Then
go on a guided tour through the buildings. Next they
Center between 34th Street and 30th Street.

,
J7
*^V5/*
32
CT
all
City from there, Thfen they are going to walk to the Metro-
going to go to bed early that night. They will be very
they will
and
go up to the top of the building. They will see
Opera house and the famous
politan
eat breakfast
are going to walk through the
building in the world, the Empire State Building (1472
They are going
New York
Street.
Times Square.
they will go to Macy's and Gimbers, two of
York's largest department
visit the tallest
ft.).
and 42nd
Then
Station at 34th Street.
to
are going to go
58
TRIP
TO
NEW YORK"
(cont.)
Fifth
Avenue on
Wednesday. Mrs, Anderson is going to buy presents for her

some of the Fifth Avenue stores. After that, they will go west
relatives in
They
are going to walk along Park
Avenue and
NEW YORK'
QUESTIONS ABOUT "A TRIP TO
Give a complete answer for each of the following questions.
to the thea-
Are Mr. and Mrs. Anderson going to take a trip?

Will they leave California on Saturday or Sunday?
are going to attend
Are they going
Will the plane leave
on
Are they going
to
stay
Thursday. They will spend several hours at Rockefeller Center. They
Are they going
to
eat breakfast
Will they have much trouble with directions in
Whitney Museum,
Are they going
and Hunter College.
Will they go
to
10
Are they going
to visit
11
Will they be very
ter district
between 40th
a popular
Broadway play
the
Museum
Temple Emanu-El,
Finally, they will
They
will see the area north of 46th Street
Radio City Music Hall there
they will also visit the
Street.
that evening.
Mr. and Mrs. Anderson

will see the
and 46th
Street
of
Modern
go crosstown
to
Art, the
Cathedral,
Patrick's
St,
same general
too. In this
Madison Square Garden and
York Coliseum at Columbus Circle.

They are going to visit the zoo in Central Park on
on that day will be
stops
at the
of Natural History, and the
Metropolitan
Museum
the
area,
New
the
downtown
New York
Street
going to
visitors
from
all in
all
the
at
Will they stay
17
Are they going
18
Are they going
19
Is
20
Will the Andersons attend
21
Are they going to spend time at Rockefeller Center too?
22
Will they
23
University, one of the
Bowery,

In this
eat
go
to
to
late
their
hotel
after
that?
dinner with friends on Tuesday night?
on the following day?

the downtown section on Wednesday?
at their hotel
to
to
go
to
walk along Park and Fifth on Wednesday?
Mrs. Anderson going
visit
any
buy presents for her relatives?
to
museums
Broadway play
in this
that night?
same area?
Central Park on Friday?
Will they see Columbia University or
Inter-
26
Are they going
meet students and-
27
the International House. Later in
28
Will the Andersons return to California on Saturday?

Are they going to see the downtown section on Sunday?
Are the Andersons going to visit the International House?
will also see the Cathedral of
area.
They
will
Lewisohn
famous Bronx Zoo.
31
are going to return to California by train.
32
way, they will see much more of the country. They will get hack
33
Los Angeles on Wednesday. Of course, they are going

their wonderful trip to all of their friends.
to
to
to
25
ll6th
30
at the world
to
24
at
29
day
on Monday night?
16
Polo Grounds, Yankee Stadium, and the Cloisters at 198th Street. They
their
bed very
Are they going
Stadium, the
end
go
the end of their first day?
at
tired
Public Library?
15
Columbia University
the day, they are going to drive to C.C.N.Y.,
will
New York
the
St,
same general
over the world
Monday?
zoo in Central Park on
the
York?
Are the Andersons going
John the Divine, the Riverside Church, Grant's Tomb, and the
House
New
Are they going

Are they going
visit
and Broadway on Sunday. They
national
and leave the hotel early?
14
to
Chinatown, City Hall, Wall Street and Battery Park. They will finish their
day with a trip to the Statue of Liberty on Bedloe Island by ferry boat.
are
on Park Avenue?
Empire State Building?
the
see
8:45 or 9:15?
at
Will they go through the United Nations Buildings?
largest universities in the world. After that, they will visit the
The Andersons
a hotel
at
by air?
train or
13
downtown New York on Saturday.

along the East River. They will go
section of
for
by
Museum
of Art, the
are going to drive through
visit
New York
New York
to
Are they going
through Greenwich Village. At nearby Washington Square, they are
going to
to
go
12
Hayden Planetarium. They are going
see several large bridges
to
Friday. Their other
attend a concert at Carnegie Hall that evening.
They
They will
to describe
to visit
to
to
the zoo
drive
drive
in
through downtown
New
New York
York?
University?
through Greenwich Village
too?
Will the Andersons describe their trip to all of their friends?

Are they going to return to California by plane?
Will they get back to Los Angeles on Wednesday?
Are the Andersons going
to
go
to
New York
next year?
MUCH. MANY, AND VERY (V
60
in the blank space or spaces in each sentence.
Use much, many, or very
We
Did you buy
The food was
We
bought
The
guests drank
made
Substitute the expressions a lot of
sandwiches.
1
Was
meat?
coffee.
strong?
There are
enjoy coffee
You
milk.
4
didn't invite
guests.
5
10
There were
glasses
on the table
room.
in the dining
11
There was
12
There weren't
people at the party
13
Mary and Louise bought

The two girls used
bread for the sandwiches.
milk and coffee in the kitchen.

7
14
MUCH, MANY, AND
Use muchj many, or very
Our
last
The
students had
Did you have
The
Did you spend
Does your English teacher give you
Mr. Harris, our
Our
10
We
12
13
14
two English
last lesson
lessons
were
long.
Do
On
many
too much, or too
too,
in the blank
There are
You
There are
The
clearly.
There are
English words in class every day.
10
You
11
That old house
11
That program has
13
That work took
time.
14
That fellow was
impatient.
difficult for
today?
everyone.
homework
last
night?
times.
homework?
clear voice.
slowly and
English?
Mr. Meyer and Mr. Berg speak English

the whole, the, English language
last lesson.
homework
Roger speak
all
Use
63
Mr. Duncan gave us
teacher, has a
people
TOO MUCH, AND TOO MANY
TOO,
time on your
friend
many new words every day.

The
Mr. Burlington drinks much coffee every day.
There are many short words in the English language.
Miss Cunningham puts much cream in her coffee.
That student from Japan has many friends in this class,
Frank receives many letters from his friends and relatives.
There are many students in the classroom right now.
We had much trouble with the sentences on that page.
You made
was
new
10
is
well?
easy.
over the world speak English these days.
now.
of people in the auditorium
students learn
with the
trouble with the
learn
auditorium now.
The
difficulty
teacher speaks
lots
in the
people in the auditorium now.
lot of
wrote each new word in the lesson
Does your
VfftY (2)
in the blank space or spaces in each sentence.
11
last night.
pieces of bread for the sandwiches.
61
his assignments.
of time on his assignments.
lot
There are mariy people

There are a
in each sentence,
John spends lols of time on his assignments.
food for the party.
don't drink
and loU of for much or many
John spends much time on

John spends a
delicious.
the coffee
62
A LOT OF AND LOTS Of
cream and sugar
waitress put
homework.
people in
fast
pictures
this
drank
It
room.
difficult.
hot!
hard words for me.

different colors in this room.
and
It's
making
noise.
sandwiches
things in the suitcase.
water in the glasses.

is
again.
It's
coffee and ate
put
coffee.
was
and used
loud now.
is
my
in
Write the lesson
mistakes.
spoke
radio
space in each sentence.
heavy.
It's
i^^^-
They're
rooms.
large and has
advertising and
It
last night.
was
He made
interruptions.
trouble for us.
mistakes
^^^^^'
WORDS SOME AND ANY
THE
64
in the blank space
Use some or any
\vi
each sentence.
Study the examples.
room now.
Are there any students in the classroona now?
I had some trouble with my homework last night.
There are some students
didn't have any trouble with
There were
The
The
7
8
in the
my homework
Mr. Duncan
11
Are
12
Your
13
I'm sorry.
14
Did the teacher make
Did you
Frank doesn't have
specific instructions.
important messages for you.

information about that.
comments on your paper?
11
There wasn't
SOMETHING
Use something or anything
on Mr. Crowell's desk
there
Is
Yes, Mr. Crowell put
Did you say

No, I didn't
Is
There
Did Mrs. Benson
Yes, she did. She found
Is
there a
to
isn't
11
13
Did
No,
Did
14
Yes, he did. There's
tell
the girls buy
boxes in the closet?
about his trip?
about his
us
at that
trip.
department store?
Alice and Louise didn't buy
at the store today.
mailman bring
for
for
me
this
morning?
you on the desk
in
your room.
advanced
14
The
is
class?
5:30 p.m.
on the telephone now.
NO ONE
vs
67
There was
at the
There
in
isn't
in each sentence.
information desk this morning.
Mr, Brown's
now.
office right
finished the examination before three o'clock.
John didn't see
John saw
He
in
in the
Please don't
in the other
don't
^2
saw
office.
class
knew
that
room. He's sure of
that,
word.
about this until next Friday.
about your plans until that time.
knows
^1
whole
tell
will tell
^^
Dean Brown's
in the hall outside the office either.
didn't notice
^4
office.
about his problem.
to
speaking to
Choose anyone or no one for the blank space
^3
Dean Brown's
Mr. Duncan the news a few minutes ago.
Mr. Meyer didn't talk

secretary
later.
morning.
this
in
in the office after
13
in the small red box.
to tell us
Yes, he's going to
plans.
looked in the drawer.

in the
find
10
few minutes ago.
middle drawer of that desk?
there.
Mr. Evans going
now?
him about our
at all to
in the
right
Mr. Lewis about our plans?
say
there
the
ANYTHING
12
vs
package on your desk
in the
told
12
matter until
this
you with the work tomorrow ?
envelope to
you know
ANYONE
65
to help
Please give this
Do
office?
lent his to
about
tell
left this
10
He
a book.
my
in this office before 9:00 a.m.
dessert after dinner tonight.
about his suggestion:
tell
in the hall outside
box on the table?
each sentence,
in
the front door now.
at
is
see
in the
don't have
Mr. Benson didn't
in the kitchen.
cream
with the lesson.
extra chairs in the other classroom?
Did you ask
ic^
secretary has
Listen!
Please don't
didn't give us
there
There
on the wall.
difficulty
children are eating
Choose someone or anyone for the blank space
beautiful pictures
Martha doesn't want

Are there
cigarettes
ANYONE
vs
There will be
students didn't have
10
last night.
SOMeONB
know
a thing about this except you

in the other
from our
said anything to
The chairman
two English
class at the
me
about
didn't get suggestions
and me.
classes.
meeting yesterday.
it
from
at the meeting.
in the audience.
AND
DIRECT
68
INDIRECT OBJECTS
PART ONE: THE INDIRECT OBJECT WITH TO

Change the position of the word or words in italics (the indirect
omit the word to. Study the first two examples carefully.
1
Fred gave the money
wrote a
The agent
Mr, Holt,
letter to
me
Fred gave
me.
to
sold the house to
We
Mr. Johnson sent
Did
Tom
Miss Wilson sent some beautiful flowers
Mrs. Baker wrote a
Martha
a birthday present to
the baseball
his
to
10
Please give your paper
11
12
Our
The
13
14
Professor
me
to
friend?
to
son
to her
me,
The
Mrs. Johnson
Look! That boy
Miss Melnick
{understand)
The
{finish)
The
10
We
11
Yes, Marjorie
12
13
We
friends sent the package to us the next day.
teacher told an interesting story to the students,
showed
all
my
photographs to
of the
Moore gave some
friends,
excellent advice to all of us,
word or words
the position of the
add the word

told
io.
Study
him the
the
story.
in italics
examples
two
first
told the story to him,
We
Dr. Davis gave Charles the
Did
Mr. Meyer
Louise and Betty sent
Did Mr. Kennedy lend
Mrs. Garcia told us an interesting story
Are you going
wrote them a
the
manager
We
letter.
offer
told us
to
wrote a
story
Mary
them,
the job?
of
his
narrow escape.
a birthday gift last week.
his brother the
write
letter to
tickets.
that fellow
the
(the indirect object)
carefully.
George a
money?
last
letter
night.
soon?
10
Please lend
11
My
12
The Bakers
13
Are you going to show the people your photographs tonight?

Mr. and Mrs. Brown mailed us a lovely gift from Mexico.
14
me
your pen and pencil for a few minutes.
wife sent them the package

read us
all
last
Thursday or Friday.
of those interesting
letters.
and
{go)
children always
{prepare)
students
{review)
early.
those words.
their papers
for
my
now.
textbooks.
program now.
that television
the use of the tenses in English this week.
some cake and
{want)
coffee.
bed around eleven o'clock during the week.
to
{go)
never
evening.
the library in the
to
English from 2:00 to 5:00
14
Mr. Harris
15
Mr. and Mrs. Stewart
16
Daniel Soto
17
{teach)
to California
{fly)
{work)
thirty-eight hours
18
Our English
I
20
Mr. Smith's secretary
21
The weather
22
My
friend
always
class
a week.
{start)
at
8:30
p.
{sit)
at
m.
War.
another desk today.
{get) very hot here in July and August.
{study)
English lesson one hour every night.
his
23
Mr. Rockwell {pay)
24
That
25
Professor
26
It
tall
m.
every winter.
an interesting book about the Civil
{read)
p.
the sound of a motor outside!
{hear)
19
27
bed
to
dinner now.
into the house.
{watch)
guests
{go)
{run)
some money
{need)
the weekend.
the telephone now,
{use)
now.
right
town over
{leave)
Miss Peters
Friday.
last
often
to us,
PART TWO: THE INDIRECT OBJECT WITHOUT TO

Change
each sentence. Use only

Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses
the simple present tense (examples: he works, they study) or the continuous
present tense (examples: he is workings they are studying).
yesterday.
handed the books and envelopes
letter
letter,
Company,
a letter to the Jiffy
the boy throw
and
Mr, and Mrs, Hanson.
gave
object)
the money,
wrote Mr, Holt a
69
REVIEW: THE PRESENT TENSES
fellow in
his bills at the
my
class
end of every month.

from Greece.
{come)
Moore {write) another book about English,

very much in this region in the spring.
Frank {have) a bad cold. He {take) some medicine
{rain)
?8
That department
29
Listen!
^^
{see)
store {have) a big sale
{think)
someone {knock)
the airplane now.
^1
Mr. Berg always {do)
^2
The
students (do)
It
at
{come) in
for
on shoes today.
the front door.
this direction,
his English lessons very carefully.
Exercise 69 on page 41 right now.
it.
REVIEW: QUESTIONS WITH BE
70
Change
the
following statements to simple questions. Notice the examples.
Mr. Harris.
That tnan
is
There are
chairs in that room.
He
They will return soon.

The last lesson was very
Mr. Meyer is listening to
6
7
The Andersons
Alice
Are there
studying right now.
is
he
Is
chairs in that
studying
right
Will they return

difficult
for the
the radio
will travel to
10
There were a
11
His friends will get the
lot
now?
soon?
now.
12
The men were
very
Miss Stewart
going
14
There
will be
is
tired after
to
at a
stay
to
Grand Central
of the
all
be busy
hotel,
this
to
hard work.
simple questions. Notice the examples.
Does Fred
Fred drives
Do they study every evening?

They study every evening.
She bought a new dress.
Did she buy a new dress?
Mr. Harper walked downtown with his friend.
The students in that class always work very hard.
Mr. Williams knows Professor Moore very well.
Tom's friend finished all of the work for him.
Miss Stewart wore her new spring dress yesterday.
The
4
5
6
7
10
11
12
13
14
carefully.
students had trouble with the
first
Martha does her homework for this

The two plumbers did the work in
of the students understand the
Carol learned
part of the lesson.

class
of the
all
Our
That department
explain
teacher will
store
is
lesson
that
tomorrow,
us
to
having a big sale today.
from
Mr. and Mrs. Hanson are going
to write to us
Mr. Kennedy usually leaves
car
The
That fellow
13
The mechanic did all of the work very carefully.

The students' papers will be on Mr. Crowell's desk.
Your friend had a good time at the party last night.
The men will finish all of their work before next Friday.
Mrs. Wilson took her sister downtown in her car.
14
His secretary sent the
12
DO
his
Italy.
the alley,
in
students are copying the sentences from

lost
REVIEW: WRITING
to
let:ter
the blackboard.
the argument.
temper during
his
company by
that
airmail.
NEGATIVES
Chd^ngc the following statements
73
to
examples
Study the
negatives.
carefully.
in
the evening.
Frank knows that word.
Frank doesn't know that word.
Tom
Tom isn't
He won't
two
is
studying his lesson now.
He
There were many people
will be there tomorrow.

at
the
studying his lesson now,

be there tomorrow,
meeting yesterday.
My
Mr. Harris
Fred's cousin will get back here before two-thirty.
Professor
The
always
friend
taught
are
Daniel Soto does
*1
You had
^2
Mr. Johnson^s
1^
lessons.
14
15
studies
his
lessons
same English
this
Moore put some papers on
students
10
the basement quickly.
last
room now.
new words by heart.
are waiting in the other
drive carefully?
Mr. Berg always comes to this class on time.

Miss Cunningham put the money in the top desk drawer,
AH
The men
11
afternoon.
REVIEW: QUESTIONS WITH
10
Station.
meeting here next Thursday night.
71
simple questions.
to
air.
the party last night.
train at
students.
right
South America by
of people at
13
room?
taking a course in history this semester.
Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy are going
REVIEW: WRITING QUESTIONS
that man Mr. Harris?
Is
is
AND WILL
talking to
his
their
at
the
class
secretary
on
my
English lessons in
is
last
year,
his desk.
teacher
right
the
the right answer to that question
am working
library.
writing letters for
now.
afternoon.
on your paper.
him right now.
English assignment right now.
Mrs. Franklin called her friend and told her the news.
My assistant will have enough time for that this week.
SHORT ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
74
Give short answers
or there
etc.)
these
to
questions.
Use personal pronouns
(you,
it,
75
HOLT'
they,
Use contractions only for short answers with no.
the short answer.
HOWARD
'WILLIAM
William Howard Holt was born
SHORT ANSWER
QUESTION
He and
his
two brothers
Mrs. Smith in the other room?
Is
Yes, she
Does the man
Will you be ready before three o'clock?
Is
there
Is
the
Are
Do
Were
Do you want a cheese

Was there a book on
10
going
No, he
strong coffee?
like
be a meeting tonight?
to
alarm clpck tinging right now?
the
students ready for the test?
the
two lessons
last
Mr. Croweil's desk?
No,
12
Will Marjorie answer the phone
13
Did
14
Are you going
15
Were
go with you?
sister
to
for
us?
the furniture?
German?
study
is.
it isn't.
His
in
He was
New York
money
was
the
for
He went
In 1926,
he became a salesman for a metal products com...
He
pany.
didn't enjoy that job at
he quit the job six months
He
to Florida that year,
started his
own
iness failed after
manager
sales
Therefore,
all.
He and
later.
his wife
and he found a
business in
Miami
Unfortunately, his bus-
in 1928.
He
only six months.
lost
William Howard Holf
job.
almost $2000.
Then he was
16
17
Does the bus
Yes,
Mr. Holt started another business.
18
Will Dr. Duncan's speech be interesting?
Yes,
Company.
19
Did
that
No,
He and
20
Was
there a
room?
No,
South American countries several times between 1942 and
21
Will the Browns
by boat?
No,
learned Spanish very well during that time.
woman
chair
next corner?
at the
find
hex
purse?
in
the
other
travel to Spain
Between
for a small container corporâtion for six years.
Yes,
stop
to
He
the assistant bookkeeper.
married Miss Marie Stoddard in 1925.
moved
No,
He
the next
for
in
job
city.
many people at the concert?

Do you know the answer to that question?
there
lived
to Detroit.
received his diploma in 1924.
worked there
first
He
office of a shoe company.
Yes,
No,
He
for four years.
a university education.
Yes,
No,
High School
Bryant
Unfortunately, he didn't have enough
two years.
Yes,
Yes,
Did Mrs. Burke's
men move
No,
sandwich?
11
the
Yes, there
No,
difficult?
doesn't.
moved
elementary school in Detroit,
finished
Therefore, he attended high school in that
year.
I won't
Yes,
work very hard?
these students
No,
is.
He
1906.
in
his parents
His father started a business
finished in 1920.
1
Chicago
in
Then
there with his parents until 1912.
The
1927 and 1934, Mr. Holt and his wife had four children.
was born
child
in 1927,
and the
last child
He
was born. in 1933.
first
In 1936,
called his business the Jiffy
Box
His business was very successful, and he made a lot of money.
his wife traveled to
Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, and other

1944.
Their oldest son,
He
Thomas,
22
Is
Yes,
^nt
23
Yes,
iness life in 1950.
24
Are you working on your assignment?

Does Mr. Berg study every night?
No,
years.
25
Will
Yes,
Their daughter Marjorie lived in Europe with them for a year.

She learned French in only six months. Their other two sons graduated
26
Were
No,
Do
^ôm the University of Wisconsin
27
United States?
Yes,
l^led
in
1950 and has two children now.
28
No,
She
is
working
29
Did the women attend the meeting too?

Are the children sleeping right now?
Yes,
H^^ Holt
30
Was
No
the weather
this
this
in
the spring?
be enough money for everything?
there
your
warm
enough sandwiches on the plate?
friends
like
the
a very difficult
assignment?
**
Purdue University
to
is
in 1946.
Mr. Holt
After that, he and his wife
for an
in
going to school
now
too.
ânts to complete his education.
n'îsh his university
moved
1953 and 1954.

Marjorie
advanced degree
at
from
retired
to
active bus-
Europe for four
Thomas
is still
got mar-
going to school.
Michigan State University.
He is going to
He started two
degree two years from now.
a university because
years ago.
He
will
QUESTIONS ABOUT MR. HOLT'S
76
Answer
the following questions about the story on
Where was
How
did he
go
Howard Holt born? 2 When was he born?

Chicago? 4 Where did he finish elemenWhen did he finish elementary school? 6 Where
1921
in
what
In
When
10
work
New
maiden name?
19
did he do for that
22
did he
move
When
25
own
his
money
Holts'
21
When
27
did he lose?
child
Mr. Holt do
in
How
born?
35
37
When
did
were
Where
26
do the Holts have
they go
there?
from
Europe with them?
did the Holts
45
move
much
Where were
What
34
all?
36
When
the
did
How
did Mr.
Where
Europe?
47
Holt
When
41
1946?
did
did the Holts
44
Who
went
46
How
the other children?
long did Marjorie live in Europe with them?
was
the Holts visit in South
42
to
When
his business?
in
active business life?
When
How
start
other children born?
39
Mr. Holt
43.
did he
28
31
in
What did he name

What countries did
40 Where did Thomas go
retire
Where
move to?
23
he and his wife
their
learn Spanish?
to
salesman?
as a
kind of company did he work for next?
When
32
children
1936?
38
move then?
13
did he like his job as a sales-
did his business fail?
What
29
did his business do?
America?
Why didn't
How long
11
14
long did he work for that company?
first
Why
high school did
his first job?
What state did

own business?
24
did he start his
How many
33
What
months did he work
after that?
business?
How
30
company?
company?
How many
man?
York?
What was his position in that

Whom did he marry? 16 What was his wife's
17
When did he marry her? 18 What did he do
What kind of company did he work for? 20 What
15
after that?
did he go to high school
Where was
12
for the shoe
company?
city
did he receive his diploma?
he go to a university?
did he
What
language did
How
long did it take her? 49 When did their

two other sons graduate from the University of Wisconsin ? 50 When
Marjorie learn?
Thomas get
wife have now?
did
Mr. Holt doing
48
married?
53
QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR ENGLISH CLASS
Where
at present?
How many
51
is
54
children do
Thomas and
Marjorie going to school?
When
will
he
53
his
What
is
finish his university degree?
77
Answer these questions about your English class. Read the questions carefully.
Notice the position of all the words in the question. Compare the position of
the words in the question with the position of the words in your answer.
Jive in
did he attend high school in
he attend?
the previous page.
Williani
long did he
tary school?
LIFE
Why
are you
school?
When
ago did you
How many
your teacher's
now?
Where
Who
11
What
name?
do you do during the
time
What
is
first
What
long
How
13
What
16
How many
week?
22
How much
do
you
With whom do you
24
tences
27
What
How many hours

How often do you
28
29
is
26
What
33
did
most
difficult for
Why
are you going
you?
How many
What
32
on the
35
lary test?
42
How
41
40
34
lessons
with?
How many
sen-
39
How
How many
home next week?
at
this class?
Which
31
When
30
lesson
was
most trouble?
many new words
38
How
How
English words do you
exercises are there
last exercise?
sentences to you?
do
things give you the
How many
fnany pages are there in this book?

"lake
When
time do you spend
25
to study
speak English outside of
do these things give you trouble?
36
21
your teacher going to talk about tomorrow?
you learn yesterday?

all?
At what
did your teacher talk about
your teacher going to give an examination?
the
What
15
18
study your
practice pronunciation?
do you write every day?
yesterday?
is
23
At
12
long does your
now?
Whom
homework?
like
do you attend each
classes
lesson are you studying this
is
are you doing right
you usually study your homework?

on your
do you
each class period?
is
ten minutes?
19
How
of your textbook?
begin?
your teacher talking about right
your class over?
20
week?
is
name
the
is
long
What
this?
10
your teacher?
class
How
14
English class last?
is
How
school are you
At what
this
did you study English before this?
years did you study English before
what time does your English
17
did you choose
did you start your English course?
your English class?
now?
Why
English?
your class in English?
start
studying English
7
studying
in
this
book?
How many
know
How
37
mistakes did you
often does your teacher dictate
often does your teacher give you a vocabu-
exercises does your teacher assign each
often do you write letters in English?
43
Which
week?
exercise
^^^ you writing right now?

44 At what time did you get to school
today? 45
do you
did you get to school today? 46
usually get to school? 47
sits beside you in your classroom?
How
How
Who
QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR
78
Answer these questions dbout your life. Read the

the use of the question words {whejj, why, how,
When
is
were you born?
were you born?
city
your native language?
What
How
What
sisters
13
do you have?
How
What
When
you
did
(husband's) name?
did you leave your country?
Where
20
States?
what school
school?
to study
address?
30
live?
What
When
I9
Why
22
your
is
city
your best
do you
wife's
Why
18
How
live?
27
How
24
long are you
What
is
With whom do you

city or your hometown?
this
What do you plan

to do in the future?
Why
33
do you want to do that? 34 Where
do you usually go over the weekend? 35 What do you usually do
on Saturday and Sunday ? 36 What did you do last weekend?
37 What are you going to do next weekend? 38 What is your
favorite sport?
39 What is your hobby? 40 How much time do
31
is
your profession at
this
you spend on your hobby each week?

your money?
many
42
friends
41
next vacation?
last
vacation
45
32
In which
46 Where are you going
to
do
after this semester?
did you
do you need the money now?
will
go on your vacation?
A%
they
arrive
that
keep
At
go home now?
do you
did you go to the library?
does summer start in
10
11
will
12
are you going to
13
is
14
are
late
this
class
for
late.
it*s
country?
today?
talcing a course in
missed
In
New
book.
21.
my
bus.
England.
Tomorrow
them the news?
night.
Beside the elevator.
there a telephone in this building?
you
ten o'clock.
To g(^t a
On June
you spend your vacation?

tell
suit.
the intersection.
Because
your car?
were you
In our garage,
About
happen?
accident
did
To buy
airport?
the
at
are you going to
English?
need practice.
47
WHY
WRITING QUESTIONS WITH

a question with the
Martha went downtown
(a)
(b)
after school
John borrowed a dictionary from
The Andersons
Mr. Slater sold
his
house in North Plains.
work today,
>^^^1^
^'
jnT^/"^
v-^^ j/
^/w
r<
They sent the letters

Your friend took
."
Marjorie called her
;V;v
4j
late for
^^^^X/^^s^
Mr. Moore usually comes to school by bus. \

That student spoke to the teacher after class. ^h;\^
his friend.
are going to travel by train.
men were
inose two
today.
Did Martha go downtown after school today?

Why did Martha go downtown after school today?
80
Change each statement to a simple question, (b) Change the simple question
word why. Study the first example.
(a)
to
î7
44
On the desk.
Two days ago.
Mr. Adams?
to
are you going to take your
43
speak
\'-^
in this city?
At what time do you

usually get up in the morning?
do you get up on
time
what
49 At
Saturday and Sunday? 50 What kind of breakfast do you usually eat?
51
At what time do you usually leave home? 52 How do you usually
get to work (or school)?
53 Where do you generally eat lunch?
are you going to
did you put your books?
bank do you keep
do you know?
When
How
When
do you have
of the students in your English class
did you have your
What
How many
moment?
ANSWER
QUESTION
your
29
friend?
prefer,
At
21
II?
did you choose this
25
country?
this
school?
favorite sub-
World War
Where do you
26
English?
Which
last
well do you speak and write English?
Who
28
brothers
did you arrive in the United
during
live
long are you going to stay in
going
How many
children do you have?
are you studying English?
How
23
Where
14
Choose where, when, or why for each question. Read the short answer at the
right. Then choose the appropriate question word.
10
long did you attend your
many
you
did
11
live?
79
(1)
What
long did you study

family?
your
is
WORDS
US ING THE QUESTION
what
In
What was your

married?
16 What is
get
How
17
now?
How
big
you study?
subjects did
15
ject?
How
12
how
did you go to elementary school
do the other members of your family

and
many,
old are you
other schools did you go to?
English in your country?
how
Notice
long, etc)
carefully.
country do you come from?
Where
questions
LIFE
Mr. Meyer
Bill
gets
to the
those
wrong address.
two books back
sister
will be absent
off
''^*^ going to
the bus
leave
the
library.
and told her the news.
from
there and
my
"îJ^
to
his
English class tomorrow.
transfers
to
another
one.
house early tomorrow morning.
'
'
THE EXECUTIVE'S DAY"
81
Read
this schedule carefully.
For additional
He
He
gets
practice,
up
at
Then answer
change
all
the questions in the next exercise.

of the verbs in the schedule to the past tense.
7:30 in the morning.
gets dressed at 8:00 a.m.
He
He
leaves for the office at 8:40 a.m.
8:45 a.m.
He
He
takes a taxi
He
He
He
He
the corner at
at
dictates letters to his
He
returns to the office at 11:00 a.m.

at
He
11:30 a.m.
leaves
has his lunch at the Plaza Hotel at 1:00 p.m.
returns to his office at 1:30 p.m.
He
calls his secretary into his office
answers to the morning mail at 1:45 p.m.
dictates
meets important
He
reads the morning mail at 10:00 a.m.
has a conference with the other executives
at 1:45 p.m.
He
He
out for coffee at 10:'30 a.m.
the office at 12:30 p.ml
He
takes a shower at 7:45 a.m.
gets to the office at 9:00 a.m.
secretary at 9:30 a.m.
goes
He
eats his breakfast at 8:20 a.m.
visitors
between 2:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m.
He
dis*
cusses problems with his two assistants between 3:00 p.m. and 3:30 p.m.
He makes
most of
his
important telephone
calls
after
3:30 p.m.
goes over the company reports between 4:00 p.m. and 4:30 p.m.
catches a taxi in front of his office at 5:45 p.m.
6:00 p.m.
He
eats dinner with his wife
He
and children
gets back
at
He
He
home
6:30 p.m.
at
He
reads the evening newspaper between 7:30 p.m. and 8:30 p.m.
82
QUESTIONS ABOUT "THE EXECUTIVE'S DAY"
Supply the correct words for the blank spaces

type of question, the word at
1
is
often omitted.
in each question.
Note: In
this
yyHO.
WHOM, WHOSE, WHAT, WHICH
83
QUESTIONS WITH
84
Study these questions with how. Notice the short answers
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
is
the weather
Quite
today?
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
chilly.
did you gtt here this morning?
By
like
many
much
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
Two
one did
was
that
tall
boy?
did
you
talk
to?
months.
coffee did you drink today?
Three cups.
will
>
your friends stay in
is
your classroom
is
New York
does
is
feet)
or
and August?
New
York?
MUCH AND mANY WiTH MOW
Use much
or
many
after
how
15
does
16
is
17
put the chair here?
18
are you
19
is
2
3
4
5
6
7
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
students
...
bread
letters
is
there
there
in
your English class?
in
the kitchen
do you write
to
now?
your parents each week?
sugar do you want in your coffee?
cups of coffee did you drink during the day?

did you pay for your
..
_,
new
winter overcoat?
on the
time do you spend on your homework?
times did you write the words
Frank.
pounds.
By car.
The thin
list?
they
come
mean?
'^peculiar**
there
Twice a
here?
bus stop?
one.
Fred talking
to
next comer.
the
Roger,
going to buy?
now?
pair of shoes.
Mr. Kennedy.
Three
did you meet yesterday?
Betty's
22
do you do that?
Because
is
Miami from
people are
there?
there
here?
^5
do you want your coffee?
^^
will
^
^
^
^^
you get to Chicago?
do you
"
will
is
so
travel
you be
in
much ?
Venezuela?
is
years.
cousin.
I
hundred
enjoy
miles.
About
thirty-five.
With
cream.
By
I
air.
like
it.
Several months.
Five feet eleven.
your brother?
kind of cloth
think.
were you in the army?
year.
means "strange/*
It
At
21
each of these sentences.
are
get
friend,
Probably Monday.
here?
do
^^
1
she
small one.
My
Light brown.
hair?
14
23
in
her
will
20
86
is
sister?
13
lectures?
two reading assignments?
last
color
eight-fifteen.
^^^
Seventy-five cents.
your English teacher?
were the
12
your
is
Two
you buy?
did
New
from San Francisco?
concerts
flour
in these questions.
the Empire State Building in

to
is
^^^ Pierre's.
y I
ZÂ J ^^^
wL
your brother?
did you g^t to school?
City?
i\kJ(
the library.
The chairman.
Twenty years old.
girl
York
^
^<^y^K
-^-^^
11
square
(in
HOW
To
i^*
Bill take?
10
gtt in June, July,
it
do you go
is
how
after
this?
is
Very much.
Twenty-one.
etc.)
English book
time is it now?
money do you have?
in Detroit?
often, jar,
students are there here?
{big, cold,
you going now?
are
ANSWER
/^%
/^
the weather here?
question word
each sentence.
appropriate
blank space in
the
bus.
ADJECTIVES WITH
adjectives
in
QUESTION
Twice a week.
do you
etc.)
far,
tools.
often do you watch television?
long will you stay
how
87
2)
Then supply the
the question.
to
{whjf who, which,
the right.
With some
did you do that work?
85
Use
at
WORDS
U SiNQ THE QUESTION

Read the answer
ANSWER
QUESTION
1
HOW
that?
It's
silk.
it.
USING THE QUESTION
88
WORDS
(3)
Read the answer to the question. Then supply the appropriate question word
(what, whose, when, how much, etc.) in the blank
ANSWER
QUESTION
1
did you put
my
does
usually
school
start?
In September.
Bill's
There are twenty-one
did he need the money?
To buy
are your friends
did Smith leave for Boston?
is
it
is
going to help you tonight?
he going to help?
"
to
10
is
11
did Mr.
At
Los Angeles?
Brown
will
sister.
a ticket.
Jim's.
now?
you
(house).
Jim's
Last
Friday.
12
dictionary
13
cups of coffee did you drink?
use?
two weeks.
will be there /or
birthday
is
letters.
wrote those letters?
on the twelfth of August,

floors in that building.
coughing because he has a bad cold.
John
The Browns left for home at six o'clock.

The students studied the irregular verbs.
That
is
Alice go last night?
long will they be there?
Professor Moore's briefcase.
is
There were fourteen guests
at the party.
miles.
10
My
friend Bill.
11
Mr, Burke bought
All
of us.
12
Detroit
Nothing important.
13
Their classes usually begin at nine o'clock.
Mr. Meyer's.
14
I'm going to go because the game will be interesting.
Two
15
That customer wants four packages of cigarettes.

Dorothy bought the pink dress with the blue
Fifty-five
say to you?
How
Who
gave Mr. Green the money?

books are these?
Where did
They
Alice went fo the movies last night.
Miss Peters wrote those
His
the
89
(1)
Write a question about the italicized part of each sentence. Begin each question
with a question word {where, what, how much, etc,)- Notice the examples.
desk.
On
book?
ASKING FOR INFORMATION
or
three.
is
his
new
car last Saturday,
seven hundred miles from there.
14
color did you paint your house?
White.
16
15
gasoline do you need?
17
We
call
18
My
friends
stripes.
those things ''gadgets" in English.
16
did you go there yesterday?
Ten gallons.
To see Thomas.
17
of these do you prefer?
That one.
19
Mr. Wilson
wool.
20
The whole
21
We're going to look for winter coats at that department

Those two dictionaries belong to Mr. Kramer,
Our friends stayed in California for three weeks.
18
,,
kind of material
is
that?
It's
At
did the accident happen?
19
the corner.
"Bob."
20
is
21
did you speak to Mr. Berg?
Yesterday.
22
did you pay for that suit?
Sixty dollars.
23
does that word mean?
It
means
ago did Mr. Johnson leave?
week
24
25
the nickname for "Robert?''
are your friends leaving
now?
26
one did you
27
28
do you want to get

do you like this city?
29
do you call that in English?
30
do you pronounce
finally
buy?
that
it
now?
It's
23
"easy."
ago.
^^
*5
26
27
Because
it's late.
2^
The
red one.
29
need
Very
word?
22
it.
well.
"suitcase/*
Like
this.
i2
helped
g2k.vt
me
very
much
yesterday afternoon.
the annual report to
trip takes
Mr. Johnson.
about twenty-two hours.
The messenger gave
the packages to Mr. Wilson's

Mother put the cups and saucers in the cupboard.
The word "rapid" means ''fast" or ''quick."
The
The
doctor will
come within
price of that car

Dr. Duncan's mother
is
is
fifteen
store.
secretary,
or twenty minutes.
three thousand dollars.

sixty-eight
years
old.
There will be another meeting next Thursday or Friday,

Edward has about two thousand dollars in the bank now.
^f. Green wrote to his brother because he needed some money.
ASKING FOR INFORMATION
90
(2)
Write a question about the italicized part of each sentence. Begin each question
with a question word {who, why, how many, etc.). Notice the examples.
1
2
3
4
5
The Holts have ]ouf children. Row mam children do the Kolts hav??
The ^ccid^nt happened right there. Where did the accident happen?
Mr. and Mrs. Hanson are going to go to Brazil next year.
Their guests left for home because it was very late.
Our classroom is twenty-eight feet wide.
It's
The two men
8
9
10
11
12
about twelve blocks to the post
office
from here.
returned to the office at three o'clock.
That modern chair costs forty-four dollars plus tax,

The secretary gave Mr. Green a lot of information,
The name of that book by Mark Twain is ^'Tom Sawyer/'
Mr. and Mrs. Smith will return to New York by train,
The tall man on the left is Mr. Brown's brother.
13
Those two students
14
Mr. Kennedy
15
Miss Stewart chose the black dress with the
16
Her
17
Tm
18
The
19
Those young boys broke Mr. Flynn's front window.
20
Mr. Davis goes
sister
are talking about the last lesson.
my
thief got
to
briefcase
He
They studied
Martha
the movies
Betty
dress to the party.
There are some shelves
The
Montreal two or three times a year,
The
each question.
29
It*s
30
The
31
Mr, Kaufman's car
32
''unhappy,'*
and white,
the A,B,C,
tunnel to Brooklyn
John's brother
is
is
going
is
in
6
'
about four hundred miles to Washington, D.C.
Make
with why.
Why
Why
wasn't in class yesterday.

letter.
and Mr. Green weren't
The Browns
The students
aren't
wasn't he in class yesterday?

didn't she write that letter?
at the meeting.
going to go to Europe
didn't write the last
Those boys didn't study

There won't be anyone
their
in
two
lessons.
English assignment
this
office
irregular verbs
near the Battery Park,
^2
Frank and John didn't do
their share of the
the alley behind our house.
*5
That fellow didn't
^^
Your paper wasn't
of Washingtoft'
me about his
on my desk before
last
night.
tomorrow,
George doesn't know the

tell
year.
this
^1
to study at the University
a contraction in
Mr. %xmth didn't get to work on time this morning.

Mr. Meyer didn't go to the lecture with the other students.
His secretary wasn't in the office at that time.
^0
instructions^
to negative questions
Study the two examples carefully.
Mir. Foster
Company,
to
92
letter
the meeting last Thursday.
at
studies.
follow
poor attitude toward his
Miss Peters addressed the
was
carefully.
She didn't write that
That student has
28
homework
He
27
a very
instructions in the book.
blue
school this morning.
Charles asked his father and mother for some money,
painted their house
the morning.
in
of her
all
vice-president
tonight.
his office this afternoon.
14
does
now?
Los Angeles tomorrow.
to
Mr. Berg understands the

girl
office
in the refrigerator.
Moore walked
That
26
or
''sad*'
some milk
12
The Taylors
is
in
in that closet.
13
25
word
arrive
Mr. Johnson will be in
Mr. Smith put the reports on Mr, Johnson's desk,
that
is
will
11
24
of
There
contraction
the answers to the questions.
10
The meaning
didn't
knew
Professor
23
he
is going to go to
wore her new spring
Mr. Anderson never drinks coffee
Didn't they study the lesson?
the lesson.
students
he in his
The Smiths
Charles
because
Isn't
22
trouble
now.
in his office
Change these negatives
a basement window,
daughter looks like her grandmother,

into
is
The
got
Make
21
Slaters'
simple negative questions.
to
Study the two examples carefully.
NfGATIVl QUESTIONS WITH "^Wi
and my books,
the house through
into
each question.
91
lace,
bought three pairs of stockings yesterday.
looking for
Change these statements
Baltimore after the holidays,
leave for
will
NIGATIVE QUESTIONS
yet.
work.
suggestion until today.

class this
morning.
THE PERFECT PRESENT TENSE
93
(1)
Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses in each sentence. Use only
the perfect present tense. Study the examples carefully,
1
We
{visit)
Bill
{finish)
Mr. Moore
That company
The boys
We
Pierre's
{live)
work
the
by
{travel, never)
all
11
The men
12
Mr. Smith
13
The company
14
Up
{i?n prove)
method
that
{try)
{travel^
John has already given
Mr. and Mrs. Burke have heard the good news.
Betty has copied all of the
6
7
The students have already

Your English has improved
Those men
9
10
The director has mentioned his plan

The weather has been very bad this
11
Mr. and Mrs. Slater have taken good care of
12
We
13
My
14
There have been some bad storms
since June,
Mr. Brown.
book carefully so
far.
into her notebook.
several
times already.
across the Atlantic by plane.
never)
{increase)
now, we
3
air,
a great deal since July.
new words
of the
all
We have already done that lesson.
life.
that matter to
the instructions in the
{copy)
Betty
my
of
new workers
twenty
{mention, already)
10
by
production by twenty percent.
its
almost every lesson
{study)
in
his job.
his
carefully.
Has Mr, Green quit his job?

Have we already done that lesson?
homework to Mr. Harris.
new words from

studied
very
the blackboard,
that lesson.
much
since September.
have done their share of the work.

to
the committee.
past week.
their car.
have heard that radio program several times.

friend
Tom
has always enjoyed that kind of work.

in this area recently.
book.
this
THE PERFECT PRESENT TENSE
94
Study the examples
Mr. Green has quit
work,
traveled
simple questions.
to
those two lessons to us already.
{hire)
English
never
95
Chznge these statements
museum.
that
visited
has finished the
have
almost
in this city
have
Bill
air.
{explain)
{follow)
to
We
museum.
that
f^KlHO QUESTIONS
(2)
MAKING NEGATIVES
Write the
form of the verb
correct
The
the perfect tense.
verbs in these sentences are irregular verbs.
answers carefully with the

1
We
{see)
He
{have)
Richard
there before.
three
Miss Peters
The two
I'm sorry.
Mr. and Mrs. Garcia
We
10
11
12
{fly)
girls
I
in
the
{be)
The
Miss Peters has finished those
Mr. Harris and Mr. Moore have eaten lunch.

That student has had much practice in conversation.
Mr. Moore has explained
that part of the lesson.
Our
on a name
My
boss has hired some
^^
We
have discussed that part of the lesson very thoroughly.
*i
Mr. Benson and his wife have been here since last August.
Tom's sister has told her parents about her plan.
There have been some bad storms in this area recently.
have never been there before,
that
13
Carol and Martha
14
We
{see, already)
{have, already)
{have)
and
carefully.
Frank has taken that course.
English.
in
new
song.
months.
in this city for six
his letter
examples
years.
these steep steps several times this week.
{read, already)
the
Mr. and Mrs. Smith for over twelve
think Mr. Harris
Study
negatives.
seen that movie.
courses
of
to
has had his lunch already,
th^ dinner dishes.
name
statements
We
an airplane only two other times.
{do, already)
{forget)
{know)
on
{fall)
different
Change these
1
We have
He
his lunch already.
{take)
Check your
of irregular verbs in the appendix.
list
that movie.
{be, never)
parentheses in each sentence. Use only
in
his
{write)
a reply to him,
lots of practice in
Mr. Duncan and
lunch.
{speak)
English so
to
haven't seen that movie.
Prank hasn't taken that course,
students have written the last two lessons.
friends have decided
WeVe
far.
him about that
We
have seen that movie.
letters
new workers
for
Mr. Johnson.
for their baby.

in the past
week.
repaired the hole in the roof of our house.
Mr. Smith has said something
to
Mr. Fox about that problem.
RiVllW; TENSE FORMS
97
the verbs in these sentences
Cbacge
tense, and
(a)
to the past tense,
(c) to the perfect present tense.
(b)
to the future
Study the examples carefully.
98
y$|NG IRREGULAR VERBS
Use only
form of the verb In parentheses in each sentence.

Gieck your answers with the list of irregular verbs in
"^Titt the correct
the perfect present tense.

the appendix.
(a)
1
spend
my
money,
j^^ (b)
(c)
They use
We
They
They have enough
English
study
do
discuss
all
their
Does he
13
Do
14
Does he
15
Do
Do
16
17
23
24
25
26
27
He
I
doesn't
We
my
10
We
go
11
He
takes
1^
drive
Did he
(write)
three
The students in this class (do) those two lessons

(know) Professor Moore for more than twelve
I
Richard
These
Mr. Kramer
The
The
much
time.
eat there?
(be)
janitor
(shut,
students
10
Marjorie
11
12
That
(choose)
(speak)
my
to
at
Has he
14
Mr. and Mrs. Smith
15
The
16
Charles
(have)
dress
least
five
(buy)
letters?
20
Does she have much trouble?
19
Mr. Wilson
Does she do good work?
20
Mr. Kennedy
Do
21
22
The money
25
Up
stay there.
24
We
stay
25
No
?6
The weather (be)
Mr. Anderson and Mr. Brown
^y
^9
We
1^
I'm sorry.
18
We
the students practice?
(a)
/ didn't
(b)
(c)
work hard.
bills.
don't sec that fellow.
28
29
30
31
ivon^t
there,
haven't stayed there.
She doesn't use
this
one.
They don't remember

I
don't do
He
doesn't
much work
listen
to
isn't
carefully-
t^
You
North
Someone
day of
(steal)
it!
every lesson in the book.
purse
warm
and gloves
(have)
to the director
never)
in
far.
yet.
ever since last Thursday.
lunch already.
Empire State Building hundreds of

an
times.
and (give)
airplane
your shirt! There's a hole in the
(read, already)
classes.
no trouble with our car so

girl's
very
(fly,
Plains.
whole week.
seat since the first
absolutely
(speak, already)
(tear)
in
May.
blue suit to the office only twice.
in this drawer.
that
dollats since
out of town for the weekend.
(go)
(understand)
(find)
Grandmother
here.
his
year.
last
name of that book.

new song several times.
He
here.
same
(have)
one
that
(wear)
isn't
now,
(see) the
it.
already)
in this
(sit)
the
(forget)
(hear,
feet since
for a
19
they copy the stntcncts}
party.
the Smith's old house.
(sell)
bad cold
letters?
17
the
new house
Do
Do
you have enough time?
for
over eighteen hundred
(spend)
estate agent
real
door.
of the stories in that book.
a pretty
(c)
there?
all
boss about the problem several times.
(grow)
tree
the back
already)
(read)
13
22
on them several times.
(fall)
the United States for three years.
in
Will he eat there?
21
already.
years.
three courses in English at this school.
(take)
steps are dangerous.
(b)
18
company.
that
car.
to school.
eaten
at this school for five years.
four letters to
or
Miss King
that class?
doesn't pay his
that row.
in
time.
don't have any energy.
He
She hides her money.
they explain everything?
don't stay there.
money.
many
Does she attend
work.
there?
you send many
sits
Mr, Harris taught English
you enjoy that work?

write
He
money.
of the lessons.
eat
have spent
my
my
together.
(a)
12
money.
spend
7 will
that one.
my
/ spent
the customer's letter and
him the message.
before.
left sleeve.
(write)
a reply to him.
PERFECT PRESENT vs SIMPLE PAST
99
Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses in each sentence. Oioose
only the simple past tense (examples: / worked, he took) or the perfect present
tense (examples: / have worked, he has taken). Notice the two examples. For
additional practice, refer to Exercise 128 on page 86.
movie
{see)
that
(see)
that movie yesterday.
{read)
{read)
Mr. Foster
{study)
Spanish at
Mr. Foster
{study)
French in
Miss Cunningham
Miss Cunningham
Our
Our
10
11
that
guests
novel
13
The Browns
The Browns
{he)
17
18
19
20
21
22
{be)
class
New York
in
Detroit twice
in
in
since
to
Mexico by
{finish,
{start)
25
26
However,
27
28
We
We
{watch)
29
That
tall
{have)
last.
times in the past.

air
last
summer.
about three hours ago.
them a
special
delivery
reply.
{watch,
Paris before the last war.
{visit)
Paris
trouble with
30
Formerly, he
31
Mr. Shaw
my
no trouble with
never)
many
this
times since the war.
book so
that
television
car
my
last
far.
week.
car since then.
program.
an interesting program on television
fellow
{work)
{work)
my
here for
for the
English teacher.
his Ph.
My
Listen! I {think)
Mr. Smith
It
D.
at
last
night.
the past three weeks.
A.B.C. Company in Boston.
He
{teach)
here for six years.
Yale University seven years ago.
Choose only
English in this class since last September.
{study)
English at this school for six years,
{teach)
teacher
{pay)
Mr. and Mrs. Garcia
Those students
My
Mr. Johnson's
12
much
{owe)
secretary
{have) no trouble with
14
The
15
Yes,
16
My
17
18
The boys {study) their

Thomas {have) a good
19
{look)
tall girl in
that
desk today.
to now.
up
next June.
from South America.

times already.
together
every
afternoon.
time here ever since his arrival.

for
my
books and
tuition.
present, that author {write) a historical novel.
At
Our
22
Miss Fox
23
24
My
Up
25
Those four people
26
Daniel Soto
27
We
28
The weather
29
So
30
different
several
lessons
some more money
21
31
dollars.
already.
in this city for almost nine years.
{live)
fifty-five
name
a
{come)
new song
States.
October.
since
vacation
his
the front seat
{hear)
{need)
Foster
at
United
York for two months,
English lessons
forward to
Richard
wife and
Fred
my
Arizona several times.
progress
{sit)
13
we
New
in
{forget) that fellow's
11
{be)
in
in that part of the
much
{make)
Frank
{be) sorry.
Grand Canyon
very
{rain, usually)
friend
of his bills at the end of the month.
all
the famous
{see)
at the front door.
someone {knock)
20
{visit)
almost every lesson in
little
Christmas.
the boy's telegram at 8:00 p.m. last night.
{have)
{finish)
in 1948,
a very hard lesson the day before yesterday.
is
September.
hard exercise!
that
that exercise
Mr. and Mrs. Hanson

Mr. and Mrs. Hanson
{study)
many
finally)
already)
{study)
Rome
San Francisco the week before
{travel)
{send,
We
to 1946.
the Statue of Liberty hundreds of times.
{receive)
10
wife and
students
last
since that time.
the Coliseum in
{see)
air
students
since
continuous present tense

the simple present tense (example: he writes),
he has written).
(example: he is writing), or the perfect present tense (example:
85.
page
For additional practice, refer to Exercise 127 on
University last year.
from 1940
by
We
We
He
this
form of the verb
the
movie already,
vacation.
last
York
{travel)
24
32
New
The
The
that
correct
Use the
that movie yesterday.
my
during
wife and
We
We
23
saw
a good time ever since their arrival.
{have)
{see)
16
a good time at the party last night.
Dr. and Mrs. Duncan
My
My
have seen
in Detroit
{live)
{have)
guests
again
{live)
Dr. Duncan
15
that novel by Faulkner several times before.
12
14
already.
100
thE PRESENT TENSES
At
{live)
present teacher
{be)
friend Felix
to the present,
{write)
far,
the
you
in
George
{be)
{work)
this
moment.
country for a long time.
{do)
here
at the
good work
since
eight
in this class.
o'clock.
thirty-eight hours a week.
almost every exercise in this book up to now.

quite hot in July and August.
{get, generally)
{make)
moment,
Mr. Kent
someone on the telephone
to
{talk)
in this city all of his life.
{have)
no mistakes on
this
exercise.
{read) a book about Alexander the Greatthat job in Pasadena since June first.
ANSWER PRESUMING QUESTIONS
101
Complete
answer
answer
these
presuming
question.
each
to
questions.
Study the exaniples
Also
give
very
ANSWER
The sun
Mr. Wilson
The men
Mrs. Fox didn't speak
That
There wasn't anyone
Miss Peters wasn't
Mr, Moore speaks French very well,
9
10
11
is
Your
shining now,
lives
isn't
Mr. Kennedy's
it?
it
yet,
to you,
car,
Yes,
he?
doesn't
there,
haven't done
No, they haven't.
did she?
No, she
in the room,
Yes,
it?
was there?
in the office,
14
Your
15
16
The Browns aren't eating right now,

The workers haven't done that yet,
17
That
18
That bus goes
19
You have
good time,
briefcase,
Washington Square,
already seen that movie,
20
Mary
21
Mr, Green went home very
didn't leave the front door open,
22
Bill is studying at
23
These
aren't
late,
Columbia University,
your cigarettes,
Ed's brother finished school last year,
25
There
enough coffee
for everyone,
Our
Mr. and Mrs. Fox
I'm going to go back to school the
to that
school year ended the
week
am
14
ril
15
My
friends
left
Mr. Johnson*s birthday
We
Mr. and Mrs. Brown are leaving
Bill
students did their work together,

had enough money for his books,
30
The
students haven't done that lesson,
at for the
blank space in
each
sentence
on or
yesterday.
(1)
in,
now.
Venezuela a week
for
EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
Choose
month
to the United States a
get back
tomorrow.
tomo^row^
week
leaving for South America a
yesterday?
next Sunday.
12
arrive here a
next.
Mr. and Mrs. Taylor will get back the day
friends will
week
My
...?
yesterday.
11
last.
Miss Davis the day
The mailman
I woke up
The weather
now.
two years
here two weeks
29
carefully,
to
last.
month
28
difficult,
Did you speak
left
next.
month
meeting the night
You
The
list
7
is.
went
That
wasn't very
Pierre will return to this country
^,
27
last lesson
didn't.
and
now.
last.
the
26
study each vocabulary
Bill
Cuba
24
will be
to
Fred's brother finished school several years
13
....?
Mr, Johnson's
isn't
The men
will be at your house tonight,
guests had a very
13
Mr. Benson was here the week

are leaving for
each sentence.
in
week
10
Betty has written the letter already,
blank space
the
friends will arrive in this city a
?
^?
for
Our
No, there wasn't.
There were some keys on the desk,

Miss Kent doesn't have a car,
12
it
from, or ago
after,
it is.
have they?
isn't
Choose bejore,
Yes, he does,
friend didn't see you yesterday,
They
short
carefully.
QUESTION
is
expected
the
102
SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
is
saw Smith
flight
three o'clock
the morning.
pleasant here
the spring.
in
February 20.
is
September.
Los Angeles
from Miami arrived
for
New
in
Mr. Shaw graduated from the university
to return to California
ten
English class starts
Mr. Foster will get back from Chicago
12
Many
^3
Are you going
H We
to study
^^
noon.
1949.
-..
minutes after
the afternoon or
a wonderful time at that party
three.
the tenth of January.
June, July,
people take their vacations
had
York
the third of April
Mr. Anderson plans
My
Saturday.
England
10
...
The
1:45 p.m.
delivered the letter
and August.
night?
Fri^ây night.
EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
104
Choose hf
on, or at for the blank space in each sentence.
This English class seemed very easy
we
present,
Did you
Did you
Both of us were
get to
are studying
work
see a musical
My
friend
time for the movie?
time.
more
the
went out
12
I've
mentioned
13
You're making too much
14
Why
it
SINCE
me.
all
Stop that
once!
don't you call him? Ill wait here
105
the meantime.
REVIEW: EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
Choose
in, on,
or at for the blank space in each sentence.
My
Mr. Kramer and
He
wife and
had a
his family
lot of trouble
present,
Our
Our
Do
The weather
We
New
will return to
visitors are
we
came
York
the fifth of August.
to this country
with English
the beginning.
to
museum
that
English teacher closes the door
you usually get
1950.
are using a different English book.
going to go
work
to
Thursday.
ten minutes after two.
time
the
generally gets quite hot
morning?
Mr. Smith has worked for cur company
Alice has been here
Her
SINCE
This English book seemed very easy
14
Our
15
Well,
to
me
friends are going to visit us here

I've
finished
this
terrible
exercise
first
Sunday
night.
vs
six years.
one
Mr. and Mrs. Hanson have
lived
in
a long time.
1947.
Chicago
1948.
lived in this city
We
Mr. and Mrs. Flynn
Frank's parents returned from Canada
Frank's parents have lived in their
Mr. Johnson hasn't had any
Mr. Johnson had several important meetings

vs
year.
that time.
IN
FOR
October.
1948.
has been in San Francisco
Mr. and Mrs. Hanson
August.
haven't seen our friends the Flynns

left for
August.
South America
the
fall.
new apartment
last fall.
this
free time
morning.
the morning
IN
1951.
Mr, Smith worked for the Container Corporation

one year.
Mr. Smith worked for the corporation
the summer.
My wife and I usually take our vacation
We
the spring.
13
sister
last
the beginning of the year.
plan to leave for Europe early
12
11
The Browns have lived in this city

The Wilsons have lived in New York
Mr. Smith worked for the Ajax Company
July and August.
The students finished thpse two exercises

all.
no time
Our baby was born
two o'clock
the afternoon
May 2.
Please g^t ready now
the meantime, Til call our friends.
10
My friend has studied English in this class
eight months.
in this class
the middle of the afternoon.

occasions.
FOR
Mr. Berg has studied English
different
vs
two hours a day.
several
noise.
to
no time
least
him
to
difficult
money
for coffee
carefully.
a while.
work seemed very
please study
U We
".r'^^/y
that
comedy on Broadway once
came back with
From now
10
choose one of the two indicated words for each sentence.
use of prepositions.
the
San Francisco
the beginning, the
each section,
In
106
(3)
time yesterday morning?
get to the meeting

in
EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
first.
the future, please write the exercises
(3)
usually stay in
Vermont
Moore came
Moore has
or
Maine
whole month.
1939.
Professor
Professor
"7
Fred's sister has had
She received her diploma from Michigan State University
to
this university
taught here
her diploma
seventeen years.
over six weeks now.
last!
J^^*
EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
107
In each section, choose one of the two indicated
BY
vs
My
Will you
finish
rU
finish
all
rii
lend you
my
dictionary
Don't bother,
Til
have
We'll go there
Vm
friends will be there
the
work
of the
at
September 10?
work
three months.
a
my own
sure you will not finish the
work
amount
that
of time.
there now. He'll be there
Don't hurry. The
We'll certainly get to the station
Please return in an hour.
ril be back very soon.
is
Our
now. But
he'll
be there
won't leave
train
Wait
p.
m.
5:45 p. m.
then.
right here
then.
twelve o'clock
we were
twelve o'clock,
ten o'clock.
5:45
be ready
I'll
guests stayed here
waited for you right there
waited for you right there
Mr. and Mrs, Carson
two months.
The Carsons are going to stay in London
one more day.
Our guests will remain with us
the day after tomorrow.
They are going to stay here
very long.
office
Wilson
won't
the
Mr.
be away from
Why
last
night.
practically asleep in our chairs.
We'll have that report ready for you
Well work on
4:00
I'm leaving now, but Til be back here
ril be
The highway department will finish that road

The construction company has already worked on
Please don*t
Why
not.'
tell
Your
my
friends the
friends will
news
know
all
about
it
1962.
it
few
one
year.
You
However, you
Miss Stewart will be ready
Miss Stewart won't be ready to leave
ten minutes.
train will leave the station
train
2:30 p. m.
won't leave the station
stay in
nine or ten days.
San Diego
week from
will probably finish all of the
work
Friday.
an hour.
will probably be very busy with
that time.
it
a little while.
to leave
îght o'clock.
IN
The
The
train to
Chicago will leave
five
minutes.
five nainutes
train will stay in the station
more.
a long time?
Are your friends going

No, they'll be back in
We
usually
New York
three hours.
My
brother and his wife lived in Detroit
three years.
"^
days.
that time.
tben.^
IN
vs
Mr. Burke will
several hours today.
office
don't you wait here in the office
vs
September.
London
Mr, Burke will be back here
noon.
will be in
m.
the next two hours.
that report
away from my
p.
an hour and a half.
ÔR
FOR
five o'clock.
The
The
ten o'clock.
FOR
vs
UNTIL
UNTIL
Bill isn't there
will be there.
words for each sentence.
Tom
108
(5)
each section, choose one of the two indicated
In
then.
that time,
six-thirty
vs
day or two.
dictionary
Bill
BY
ten o'clock.
two or three hours.
EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
UNTIL
Thonias and Richard will be there
vs
words for each sentence.
IN
BY
(4)
to
be
Wisconsin
this city
go from Detroit
Are you leaving now?

Are you leaving now?
in
to
No,
Yes,
a week or two.
Til leave
Til
be away
a little while.
little
while.
109
Choose
for,
until,
by or in for the blank space
Tm
ril complete all of the
The man
Will you get back from Newark
He's not here now, but
Mr. and Mrs. Kirby lived in Oregon
going
waited
Are they going
They're going
I
11
Mr, Berovski
12
The
to
while.
little
New York
to return to
iitst
came
entire office staff
13
I'm going to stop
14
Our
to
this
eight
the spring.
He
eleven o'clock last night.
land.
two days
1949.
arrived
two
many
years
years,
he
went
Choose
joff until, since, or at for the blank space in each sentence.
The
Everything will be ready for you
Tve been
that time, everything
12:00 p.m. sharp.
seemed very easy
My
Frank won't gtt back here
11
Hell probably get back to the office

Mr. and Mrs. Bianca lived in Naples, Italy
Then they moved to Sao Paulo, Brazil
Mr. and Mrs. Bianca have lived in New York
They are going to stay in New York
12
Bill hasn't
13
He
9
10
friends
"^-
the beginning of the semester.
in this class
Roger and Dick were
in
to
me.
two days ago,
15
that time, everyone has
a year or two.
1947.
I960,
practically
everyone agreed with you.
changed
his
mind about
it.
He
He
October
^^^^^
Of
Rossi
two
However,
It
was hard
much experience
was only
those days, he
He worked
that
beginner
that concern
the
went
years.
all,
He
He
to
He
that
two
started his
the morning
years.
time.
that
language
six years
number of
English a
ttn o'clock
studied
became
country
this
studied English
South America
He
has had a house
he has lived
German and Spanish

summer of 19^0, and he
1943.
four years,
the spring of 1930.
Mr. Rossi took a course

1933.
7,
hs. also written

Ho;si has
Roj$i
F.
very homesick.
course, he has gained a great deal of
started his course
studied
February,
^'
felt
the twentieth of April, 1935.
long time.
also
he
didn't have
But
that time
^^^^^
"j:
the next election.
it
that school
Mr. Rossi came to the United States
"*'"
1940.
the last election.
probably won't say anything about
14
four or four-thirty.
...
the beginning of the next year, he got a job
a publishing house.
*h*5 city
night
late
first,
1925.
then.
that field
quite a
later this afternoon.
mentioned that matter
Switzer-
the staff of a large newspaper.
That was
^ îtizen
four months.
Chicago
school there
France
^perience
noon tomorrow.
report won't be ready for us
his last year
the end of those two
the beginning.
time.
Rome
Today, he often speaks
he finally got a job
110
in love with
fell
Rome
to a private school
years.
left
ôrk
He
1915.
school
Lausanne
He
later.
Genoa
lived
has written a lot of stories about
about the wonderful time he had
rest.
April or May.
friends will stay in Europe
Rome
July 15, he left
that city
six thirty last night.
a few minutes and take a
He went to
years. He quit
June, 1923
He
midnight.
to
He was
the year 1907.
Italy
has been quite a long time
it
that city.
country
worked
However,
that time.
a long time?
late
He
that time.
that city
Use only the prepositions
blank space.
Genoa,
Then he moved
eight years.
night.?
three years.
remain in Florida
for each
at,
Tuesday, March 15,
born
left.
tomorrow
on,
ROSSI'
Mr. Rossi was born
the Smiths have already arrived in Miami.
worked on my assignment
10
Then he
A.F.
the correct preposition
since, jot, ago, in,
half.
be back
he'll
Select
noon tomorrow.
work
eight o^clock.
this time,
and a
a year
to stay there
each sentence.
in
HISTORY OF
''A BRIEF
Mr. Rossi
He
studied
Spanish course
three
years.
and he stayed there
Then he returned to the United States

many things about South America
good.
that trip.
He
Mr.
been a professional writer

He wrote his first article
1925.
^925
then, he has written almost 800 articles and stories.
REVIEW: VERB FORMS
112
EXPRESSIONS OF PLACE
correct form of
Read the story about Mr. Rossi on page 71. Then write the
sentences.
following
of
the
each
the verb in
Mr. Rossi
Mr. Rossi
wrife)
Mr. Rossi
come)
almost eight hundred
Mr. Rossi
Ihe)
Mr. Rossi
sûJy) the
Mr. Rossi
Mr. Rossi
never)
Mr. Rossi
study)
10
Mr. Rossi
fake)
Mr, Rossi
live)
12
Mr. Rossi
study)
Mr. Rossi
14
job.
after
Italy
eight
years.
two languages since the year 1940.
in
have)
be)
1940.
English courses from 1935 to 1937.
11
Mr. Rossi
1930.
Canada or Alaska.
in
Genoa,
leave)
13
in the spring of 1930.
German language in the year

much experience since his first
gain)
articles.
United States since
the
in
be,
United States
to the
Mr. Rossi
born in the year 1907.
be)
Spanish
2i
the United States for a long time.
a school for
at
three years.
house in the United States since 1932.

writer
professional
since
1925.
Give a complete answer
about ''A Brief History of A.F.
to each question
Rossi.**
How long ago was he born? 3 How

long did he live in Genoa? 4 When did he leave Genoa? 5 How
long did he go to school in Rome? 6 When did he quit school in Rome?
7 When did he leave for Switzerland ? 8 How long has he been in
the United States? 9 How many years ago did he leave France?
10 When did he leave for South America? 11 How many years did
When
was Mr. Rossi born?
he go to school in Lausanne?
the staff of a newspaper?
14
13
In what year did he finish
guages does he know
in all?
When did he get his first job on

When did he finish his English course,
his Spanish course? 15 How many lan12
16
How
job in the French publishing house?

job in the publishing house?
19
When
many
18
country
is
years ago did he get his
good? 22
he going to
visit
next?
24
Greece and
The Johnson's garage is

Would you please park
Mr. and Mrs. Smith stayed
ril
How
years ago
did he
home
Alice isn*t
12
The Empire
13
Do
back of
York.
house.
their
the driveway.
your car
the Lincoln Hotel
Boston.
She's
year?
last
school.
every section of the country.
State Building
your friends
now.
right
Europe
is
the world.
the tallest building
15
Manhattan or
Long Island?
Mr. and Mrs. Johnson's house is
420 East Boulevard.
Turn left
the corner. The house is
the left side.
16
Don't walk
live
Walk
the street!
the sidewalk.
here
17
Our
friends are going to
meet us
18
Our
friends arrived
New
19
Mr. Carson arrived
the airport half an hour early.
20
Have you and your wife
ever traveled
21
My
friend and
22
We
usually study our English lessons
23
Please
24
Mr. Johnson's
move
always ride
over.
25
Mrs. Roland
Listen!
27
Are you and Frank
28
Y^s,
You
is
fact
York the week before
to
tonight.
last.
a large ocean liner?
school
the bus.
the
way
my
way.
to school.
the sixth floor of the building.

the desk
sitting
think thexe
Times Square
are standing
office is
26
32
How many
New
Street
the corner of 34th Street and Broadway.
There are national parks
31
What
two years ago.
Italy
did you enjoy your vacation
10
did he return to the United
23
meet you
11
30
Rossi five years ago?
Detroit or here?
car
667 E. 76th
Ho^v
When
21
West End Avenue.
live
The Browns were
did Mr. Rossi go in 1925?
20
Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy

Did you buy your new
Mr. Foster works
29
Where
Where was Mr.
114
or at for the blank space in each sentence.
In what year did he leave that
did Mr. Rossi become a citizen of the United States?
years has he been a writer?
fitates for
17
many
on,
ip7,
14
REVIEW: QUESTION FORMS
113
Qioose
is
someone
front of the door.

the front door.
the same literature class?
he and
sit
together
the
first
row.
Did you put those two packages

the hall.?
the table
No, I didn't. Did you look
the top drawer of your desk?
Someone probably put the packages
the closet.
the shelf
There's paper
the floor.
Please put
it
the wastebasket.
ViRBS WITH ALLIED PREPOSITIONS
115
Select the correct preposition for the
blank space in each sentence.

Select the correct preposition for the
2
3
4
5
When
do you plan
Mr. Adams went
Miss Peters
Tom's
Why
is
going
are
friends
South America?
to leave
walk
laughing
Fred ever
that matter.
Don't worry
Those books and papers belong
We
How much
10
all
When
It's
someone
We
Dick's billfold.
looked
finally
found
it,
those theater tickets?
did your friend pay
New
York?
17
18
Martha's
sister is
14
'
I'm angry
15
Mr. Berg wasn't very sure
region.
16
We
letter.
17
Daniel Soto and
19
Frank always depends
20
This English book consists
21
22
Have Don
Mary reminded Mr. Fox
23
Would you
24
Mr.
25
Professor
translating
two separate
that
Moore glanced
We
All of the members objected
28
The men
introduced our guests
That fellow constantly boasts
30
32
We
to interfere
That restaurant
22
Those two
list.
23
The
English.
24
Tm
25
Your example
some
you
his
word
director will cooperate
don't want
21
that
the chairman's suggestion.
think you have confused that
hope the
That author
Mr. Johnson and Mr. Wilson.
will probably rely
29
20
our
assistance.
influential
............
us
visitors'
friends.
another one.
that matter.
plans
any way.
26
27
28
29
30
afraid
famous
is
his paper.
We'll get
school
his
Tenth
cats
pails are full
water
police are very suspicious
getting tired
criticism.
and dogs.
novels
Street
is
time.
strong coffee,
a great deal
is
result.
our guests.
wife are quite fond
sections.
watch quickly.
his wrist
his
final
a very good reason.

the answers
time.
think that young girl
Spanish
have plenty
mine
book
Richard Jones
assistance.
baby yet?
the
cold weather yet.
group was very polite
hope you are prepared
appointment the next day.
name
the
for their
poor old man.
that
this very
18
name
a
his
26
for
wasn't careful enough
members were pleased
19
spring hat today.
his brother
27
31
new
please substitute his

is
their
an immediate reply
and Dorothy decided
Perez
this
very delicate.
It^s
mistake.
feels very sorry
of the
classes.
their suggestion,
this tool.
my
Everyone
her.
the bad weather
shopping
13
borrowed some money
Our visitors complained

The company insisted
16
very sorry
two
history than English.
We're not accustomed
14
15
Please be careful
new job.
new house.
Frank and you?
attitude
12
her brother?
Why did Mrs. Burke lend the money
this time.
that matter
you
I don't want to argue
brother
am
their
mad
girls
They were mad

our
John is more interested
a national magazine.
Mrs.
Burke^s
wexe those
All
13
article
Why
his
the last
11
12
an
Alice has been absent
very excited
xn.
2:00 p.
the airport
will arrive
is
Everyone

Mr. Rossi is working
11
Mr. and Mrs. Brown are proud
friend Roger
10
to arrive
do the Andersons expect
else.
the English examination?
My
music?
not very important.
116
blank space in each sentence.
advice.
classical
listen
some
funny answer.
his
Are you ready
the park this afternoon.
to ask her boss
don^t you and
ADJECTIVES WITH ALLIED PREPOSITIONS
the Civil
known
its
War.
fine
food.
the rain last night.

those two fellows.
that student's constant excuses.
mine but different

Fred's.
That man's face seems very familiar
me.
Are you familiar
that peculiar American expression?
They are not aware
my strong feelings
that matter.
Tom and I are grateful
you
all of your assistance.
That kind of dress is not suitable
certain occasions.
31
Betty
32
The
is
is
similar
always very considerate
quality of this shirt
is
not equal
other people's feelings.

the quality of that one.
Choose
WORDS
THE
^^j
still
order in
or any
these
more
sentences
the
Study
carefully.
Mr.
Foster x//// plans to leave as
My
wife and
William
Moore
the library.
soon as possible,
walk
doesn't
to
Professor
Mr. Johnson
Doesn't Elizabeth's father smoke
Are
Mr. Benson
the Hiltons
isn*t
Richard and
12
staying with their friends in Detroit?
>.....
the chairman of that committee
don't
eat
lunch at the
that point.
don't watch that television
Don and Dorothy Burke
14
Are Mr. Meyer and Mr. Berg
my
plan.
program
studying English at this school?
THE
118
WORDS ALREADY AND
YET
Oioosc already or yet for the blank space in each sentence. Observe the word
order in these sentences carefully. Study the first three examples.
We
Most
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
ic
My
of the guests
to
friends haven't arrived
Some
We
men about the

have gone home already.
have already spoken
of the students were
in
had
their
new
the classroom.
two weeks.
car for
Mr. Green has had no opportunity to mention it

Most of the students have done those two lessons
Not many people in this neighborhood have heard the news

The students have learned a lot of things about English
Have you seen the movie at the Paramount Theater
My
written
secretary has
Miss Peters
is
sitting
at
Do
You have
No,
you
Those two students have done that work

T
A D;^K^r^ fiavpn> done their part of
Mr. Johnson, haven't you?
to
Mr. Johnson,
Does Mr. Johnson know anything about our problem
?
Miss Peters
11
Has
12
That
the
Mr. Johnson's
is
company bought an
isn't
secretary,
she?
isn't
electric typewriter for
her
Miss Peters has got one
necessary.
13
My
14
We
15
Haven't you and your wife saved enough money for a house
THE
WORDS
Choose
wife and
live
don't have enough
money
AND
ALSO, TOO,
same apartment house,
the
in
to
buy a house
in
North
EITHER
Plains.
.?
120
too, or
ehher for the blank space in each sentence. In some cases,

both also and too are possible. Study the first four
examples. For short additions
with too and either, see Exercise 180 on page
119.
also,
enjoy classical music. But
Richard
is
Richard
is
Alice didn't do that work.
They watched
Frank
"7
Mr. Smith won't be

She has already seen
Dick plays tennis very
*^
isn't
,
didn't do that
well.
last year.
haven't finished
the
wotk
collects
He
car.
too,
either:
watched television
that movie.
was
Europe
working now also.
working now
He
going to go in your
in
is
is
at the meeting.
I
I
have they?
stamps.
haven't had any free time.
haven't they?
,
collects
We
television.
she?
also enjoy popular music.
working now. Thomas

working now. Thomas
don't like American coffee, and
Betty's
5
it
spoken
haven't had a chance to speak to
reply to that inquiry.
her desk
do your assignments with your friend Edward?
yet.
haven't started the advanced section of this book
The Browns have
done Exercises 119 and 120.
problem.
the
from San Francisco
Fred have
The other students haven't done those two exercises

As a matter of fact, they're
doing Exercise 118.
Don't you know the meaning of that word
?
I think your English vocabulary is
much too small.
10
cafeteria
Mr. Wilson about
hasn't spoken to
13
Tom and
119
YffT
or yet for the blank space in each sentence.
already,
stUl,
me on
worrying about the same problem?
Are you fellows

Mr. Green
cigarettes
doesn't agree with you and
11
school any more.
talking to his two assistants.
is
Fred
haven't found an apartment.
siill
at
slill
is
10
Choose
four examples.
first
AND
REVIEW: STILL, ALREADY,
friend
word
for the blank space in each sentence. Observe the
My
AND ANY MORE
STILL
interesting
coins.
won't be there
I've seen
that
movie
plays golf
...
very well.
don't like hot dogs
I'm going to go with you
.;
She hasn't had any free time
Were you
work
yet.
Europe
year
Haven't you finished
in
last
121
USING CONTRACTiONS
Read each sentence
aloud. If possible, use a contraction (for example: she is

-she's,
they did not -they didn't, etc.). In some sentences, there are two possibilities.
Contractions are not possible in a few sentences,
He does not like it.

I am not a student.
She has seen
It will
She
be ready for you.

not a teacher.
is
Where
I
9
10
am
They
it.
the office?
is
Who
27
We
28
will
31
That
32
There
34
35
What is this?
He does not know
36
She
37
Whose
38
They were not
39
You
You
was not
very cold outside.
Al
Who
It
14
She was not
17
That
18
It
19
Who
late.
that.?
is
Salesman here.
is
We
49
That
I
He
are ours.
will
help
us
soon.
78
10
[never]
Dorothy and
11
[ever]
Why
12
[rarely]
Mr. Wilson has time
13
[usually]
Don't you keep your important papers in that drawer ?
14
[ever]
15
[always]
Have you listened to

The director is in his
16
[usually]
Is there
17
[never]
We
18
[always]
Why
is
21
[seldom]
That
store receives complaints
22
[always]
Does
that fellow
23
[ojten]
Mr. Johnson
am
do
his share of the
for breakfast
^2
[always]
They have
ready
from
its
customers.
work
dictates reports to his seaetary.
We learn many new
difficult?
store closes before 5:30 or
[usually]
They were not
Modern Art.
Are your EngUsh assignments
31
58
of
[usually]
very
57
Museum
[ever]
Mr. Fox smokes
the room.
between 2:00 and 4:00 p.m.
19
[never]
in
program?
that radio
office
morning.
20
30
was not
evening?
do you study your lessons with Richard and Fred?

Does the foreman eat lunch with the other workers?
very pretty.
interesting.
to see visitors in the
to the
Miss Stewart
is
ia the
someone here before 9:30 a.m.?
have been
[seldom]
not very nervous.
home
doesn't that student write his lessons carefully?
29
is
at
watch television during the afternoon.
My
Those
Do
[always]
56
23
[always]
good.
is
you study your English lessons at night ?
28
That
24
Are Mr. and Mrs. Harvey
Mr. Hanson
55
now.
[usually]
Why
It
here
restaurant
[ever]
54
not
[seldom]
very active after meals.
[often]
it.
is
The children are

The food at that
26
not going to go.
statue.
[often]
27
are
have never seen that
Are you ready
a party there.
returns before 2:30,
[usually]
[usually]
have eaten already.
late.
usually cold in the winter?
He seldom
/
always
25
She
She
fellow?
statue.
it
is
William and Richard work very hard.
very good.
is
53
was not very good.
be here.
have seen that
That
work?
It
here.
returns before 2:30.
[never]
They
have finished
man
cold in the winter? Is
it
24
52
that
yet.
it
That man
is late.
have not been there.
did not rain very hard.
do
here.
difficult.
that
is
There was
We
angry.
come.
will not
51
will
yet.
did not rain hard.
48
50
is
a very big house.
is
it.
are those?
do not see
It
13
it.
have not heard it
A(>
What
not ready
did not
are very unhappy.
We
There
not a thing here.
is
They have not done
They
16
suitcase.
33
45
15
interesting.
is
yet.
It
that.
Is
That was
There
[usually']
[never]
30
AA
43
absent.
you leaving?
That man
not have any time.
are
\always\
He
42
When
[seldom']
ready
122
WORDS
the following sentence. Study

Put each frequency word in the correct position in
the first four examples carefully.
not
is
ORDER: FREQUENCY
go soon.
It
is
Cuba.
people?
are going to
29
40
it.
in
those
did not write
John was not
is
are
There are books
12
21
26
41
They do not know
22
They have been
very busy now.
11
20
25
WORD
6:00 p.m.
by eight o'clock?
don't you speak English with your friends?

rides to
work with Mr. Anderson.
former secretary did her work very promptly.

is
sick or absent
from work.
cigars in the office during the day.
tried to
words
in our English class.
follow his instructions very carefuUv.
now.
here.
79
WORD
123
Copy each sentence and add
Do
1
word
the indicated
words
or
ORDIR: REVIiW
in the correct position.
not add any other words.
Mr. Johnson bought a leather briefcase.

Are you studying English at the same school.?
We
use that word in a
Have
to our climate?
friends enjoy popular music.
William mailed the
letter several
Richard does his work
The
We
We
money
don*t have enough
buy a new
car.
Scandinavian countries.
visited the
strict
about your homework
the carpenter repaired the hole in the roof
friends returned the photographs yesterday.
Miss Peters has sent the
My
secretary does her
Do
you
We
to
sent a very practical gift for his birthday.
your teacher
Has
Our
days ago.
at the last minute.
police didn't notice anything unusual.
They have
Is
different way.
they visited that national park?
Are you accustomed
Our
little
letter, hasn't she.?
work very promptly.
find the English
didn't
go
to the
language simple?
meeting
last
Friday night.
Our teacher didn't explain the fast assignment.

Does that new employee do his part of the work?
They haven't found a solution to that problem.
Don and
go
to that section of the city.
Mr. Smith
didn't finish his work, did he?

There are plenty of sandwiches on the table.
Have you been
interested in that subject?
You've done those two
lessons, haven't
Has Miss Stewart sent that

There are many students in
The foreman hasn't spoken
Fred's brother stays with
Is
letter or
you?
not?
the second section.
to Mr. Johnson about

him over the weekend.
it.
there a guard in this building during the night?
WORD ORDR:
"PLACE/" "MANNIR/"
AND
"TIME*
124
WORD
125
Put the expressions within the parentheses
Do
not add or omit any words.
Remember
Study the example carefully and review Exercise 124.

always follows the verb in English.
1
The
The
know
know
Students
students
Elizabeth studies
Mrs.
pick up
(at the
office
-the irregular verbs).
home - her
my
paycheck
lessons).
every Friday)
(without any difficulty -a dress
Their friend ate
Mr. Wilson bought
(too
now
the direct object
the irregular verbs very well now.
Brown chose
drank
(every evening -at
Someone took
(very well
Then put
into the correct order.
these expressions at the end of the sentence.
ORDER; DIRECT OBJECTS
(last night
much
-from my
coffee
-my
desk
yesterday)
dictionary).
morning - at breakfast)
this
(after the meeting- with them -lunch).
Our team won
(an expensive camera
two days ago - there)
year -the championship -in this region).
(last
much sugar
10
Cuba exports
11
We
enjoyed
12
much - on Saturday night - Mr. Moore's lecture).

You seldom hear (on the radio -good programs -at this hour).
13
We
have studied
14
Mr. Smith borrowed
United States
the
(to
every
year)
(very
carefully
every lesson).
(two years ago -from a friend -the money).
WORD
126
now -
(up to
AND
ORDER: DIRECT
INDIRECT OBJECTS
Follow the instnictions given in Exercise 125. Also review Exercises 124 and 125.
1
My
My
secretary sent
(last
week -
them - the
to
secretary sent the letter to
them
last
letter)
week.
Miss Foster has described
(several times -her trip -to
Mr. Hilton often brings
(after
4
5
The
The
That
Mr. Smith sold
Would
Their uncle built
girl
(a bracelet
showed
my
you please lend
10
The customer gave

Mrs. Johnson read
12
Fred showed
13
Betty's mother made (a

The messenger handed
14
flowers
his
me).
wife).
their daughter- for
after class
(for a
-
her homework).
few minutes -your pencil - John)a
(reluctantly
(a story
all
her birthday)*
friend -his old car -last week).
(a year ago
11
(to
(Mr. Moore
(to
(in class -to the students -the lessons).
teacher explains
Taylors sent
work
just
new house -for them).

-
the
before
friends
of his
lovely dress
(the
82
clerk
two
the
money)
bedtime -her son).
proudly
the photographs)
her -for the party).
boxes - carefully
to
Albert)
AnWAKirFD SECTION
127
THf PRESENT TENSES

Use the correct form of the verb in parentheses
simple present tense (example: he writes),
the
(example: he
CJ
U>
CO
{know)
That student
Mr. Howell
all
{work)
for the
Fred's brother
The plumber
That student
Listen! I
10
{see)
11
The
earth
12
At
13
Our present
14
James
15
16
Yes,
17
Our
18
Mr. Harris
Greek-English dictionary.
from Purdue University.
the leak in that pipe now.
{repair)
much
{make)
someone
progress since September.
at the front door.
Moore
Professor
teacher
{live)
{remember)
That brown
Mr. Berg
21
We
22
It
23
Daniel Soto
of his
life.
briefcase
{live)
five
times in the past hour.
{enjoy)
name now.
everything here
up
{belong)
in this
now.
to Professor Crowell.
country three years now.
moment.
the use of verbs in English at the
{study)
to
English from two o'clock to five o'clock.
{teach)
19
another book.
{write)
in this city all
that other fellow's
from Cuba
20
times.
a course in European history this semester.
Mr. Lucas about
friends
Monument many
the sun once every 365 days,
{circle)
{take)
his
the famous Washington
present,
{call)
region in the spring.
{graduate, just)
{hear)
We
new words very well now.

Ajax Company for nine years.
the work right now.
of the
_ O O o o o
writing), or the perfect present tense (example: he has written).
The two mechanics {finish)

{rain) very much in this
It
Betty's friend Thomas
{lose)
O
o
is
each sentence. Choose only

the continuous present tense
in
very hard almost every day this week.
{rain)
{work)
24
My
25
Just a minute!
26
Up
27
The sun
uncle
{be)
I
in
28
{watch)
29
{have)
New
York more than two months.
{look up)
to the present,
{get)
about thirty-eight hours a week.
we
{write)
in the dictionary.
almost every lesson
in
the book.
very hot during the afternoon.
baseball
very
little
game on
Helen and
31
For the time being, the workers
J2
My
{wait)
friends Charles
television
every Saturday.
trouble with these lessons
30
word
that
up
to
now,
right here since four o'clock.
and
Tom
{use)
{need)
85
a different method.
some money
right away.
THE PAST vs THE PERFECT PRESENT
128
Use
form of the verb
the correct
Choose between
and the perfect present tense
(examples: she saw^ they worked)

she has seen, they have worked),
the past tense
(examples:
(^be)
We
several
Many
Our
Michael
{spend
{speak)
11
12
My
My
13
Fred and
14
16
John
17
18
From
19
We
20
The mailman
the
Our
never)
that
my
it
{work)
new
for
We
Before his graduation, Fred's brother

Phillips
while ago,
28
Professor Moore,
29
{read)
book so
more than four examinations

{work)
that
{live)
we
in
that topic
far.
31
32
The Smiths
a great deal of trouble with our car recently.
Our
teacher
{avoid)
10
Fm
Pierre and Carlos
to
{apply)
this semester.
this year.
^^^ ^ job with them-
Pasadena from 1935
Belgium during
{learn)
Mr. and Mrs. Benson
{fly)
to
1942.
{write)
three
textbooks.
11
Mr. Wilson
12
We
13
New
86
read)
{wait)
{drive)
{consider)
this
that
car since 8:00 a.m.
for
possibility
quite
while now.
an average of 20 pages a day for three months.
for a reply
from
that concern ever since February.
USING THE CONTINUOUS PERFECT PRESENT

possible,
their vacation.
York
change the form of the
tinuous perfect
present tense.
The Harveys have
lived in
twice since last
summed
Miami
living in
Our
Father has felt very well
have studied English in this
is
not possible because the
now.
for three years
Miami
class
for
for three years
Dorothy and
Have you
That
ever
since
now.
seven months
guests have never seen the Statue of Liberty,
verb in each sentence to the con-
not continuous.
italicized
130
In some cases, this
a great deal of English since June.

to
getting tired.
that subject for a long time.
The Harveys have been
book three or four times before.
{go)
afternoon.
{have)
10
30
this
We
the A. B.C. Supply Company.
our English teacher,
programs since dinnertime.
two o'clock
action is
some very bad news.
{hear)
television
steadily since
It
here for the past three weeks.

us
{rain)
right on this corner since five-thirty.
{watch)
children
their English lessons all evening.
English for six months now.
{study)
{stand)
carefully.
If
{avoid)
the letter just a few minutes ago.
25
little
times.
novel already.
24
The
yet.
more than the normal amount of rain so far
Mr. and Mrs.
program.
Empire State Building hundreds of
{deliver)
27
Helen and
on
{work)
years.
since that time.
practically every lesson in the
26
car last week.
no trouble with
Formerly, Mr. Foster
{have)
Those two fellows
yesterday.
television
homework
their
trouble with
{give)
teacher
Grand Canyon.
times in the past.
the time of his arrival until now, he
That fellow
Frank and Richard
two months ago.
until
187 pages of this
{study)
have been listening to the processor's comments very
that matter several times already
many
not)
{finish,
little
{see)
{read)
{see,
{have)
week ago
air
by
{travel)
Bill
{have)
Havana
in
Roger
friend
However,
23
English at this school for six months now.
{be)
wife and
Canada
to
for ten years.
Mr. Johnson has been working for that company for ten
to the professor's comments very carefully.
{listen)
I
year.
the famous
never)
{see,
last
company
for that
Mr. Johnson
us last time.
Mexico City
in
Mr. Scott about
to
15
22
in this class
{study)
Miss Ross
weeks
{work)
ever since last Saturday.
terrible
{return)
friends
to
each sen-
Notice that the verbs in these sentences show continuous action from the
to the present moment. Study the example sentences carefully.
people
10
21
past
that lesson
(êxplain)
the continuous perfect present tense of the verb in parentheses in
tence.
Mr. and Mrs. Slater (^sell) their house several days ago.
George Howeli {work) for the Ajax Company since 1947.
Our instructor
The weather
Use
129
CONTINUOUS PERFECT PRESENT TENSE
fHE
last
winter,
ê
"
y^z^
^v^"^^'
have waited for you for a whole hour.
received a letter from that concern yet?
woman has already talked on the phone for fifteen minutes.

Mr. and Mrs. Spiros have been here since the first of the year.
George Howell has worked for this company for nine years.
My
I
friend has already spoken to Mr.
have worked on
my
Fox about the matter.
English assignment since eight o'clock.
12
we
haven't seen Mr. and Mrs.
13
Our
car has used too
much
Brown
for a long
time.
gasoline and oil recently.
87
AND ADViRBS
IDENTiFYiNQ ADJECTIVES
131
Write
'âdjective" or
Careful students write their exercises carefully.
She sings songs
He
She speaks
fast.
Smith buys
his
She
really enjoys stories.
We
have generally agreed.
11
12
learned the easy words.
He
has good pronunciation.

I
William
newspaper
early.
Tom
We
That's probable.
14
Frank told us good
15
That work was hard
We
a general agreement.
They got
heard movements.
Bill
very awkward.
is
That's probably right.
Frank told the jokes
men.
well.
Everyone worked hard.
USING ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
132
Write the
sentence.
My
friend Miss Stewart plays the piano {beautiful)
Mr. Meyer
{Rapid)
{usual)
speaks English very
conversation
is
{good)
about that.
{good).
practice for all students.
Mrs. Johnson closed the front door
The youngsters saw {real) elephants at the circus

The driver was injured {bad) in the accident last
Of course, all of my students try to use {careful)
9
10
{Actual)
11
Fred studies
12
13
14
15
Miss Smith didn't
Mr. Brown
{hard)
{general)
tell
in class.
(1)
form (adjective or adverb) of the word in parentheses In each

not change the position of the word.
correct
Do
Of course, all of the children were {happy)

Edward and Bill write {good) compositions
10
{quiet)
you the
and
{cautious).
yesterday.
night.
diction.
{complete)
and learns everything

arrives at his office
story.
{good).
{early),
That other fellow never does {care Jul) work in class.

"Be {quiet) now!" Mr. Brown shouted at the boys {angry).
That lesson was {easy). Don't give me {easy) assignments.
88
looked
the cloth
felt
nervous about
became
thirsty.
We
curious about
gets angry easily.
He made
He
it.
quite suspicious.
money
the
easily.
gets tired very quickly.
He made me
the remark angrily.
find this case unusual.
very healthy.
felt
They got
He
angry.
found the money quickly.
11
12
He
13
Please have everything ready. Please keep your
\A
15
We
wants
He
his coffee hot.
him
consider
intelligent.
wants the property badly.
AND ADVERBS
her.
It is
134
the surface of the table
It
The
We
felt
results of the election
told
{careful).
made
us very
Her
dress looked
We
looked
Would you
Have the members suggested anything
We
People {usual) feel
Those two workers did

J
began
{beautiful). She
felt
{smooth).
{happy).
was {happy) about
at the dresses {careful).
to get
{hungry)
{lazy)
{early)
{ready)
for
us.
{different)
{recent)?
in the afternoon.
during {hot)
(difficult)
it.
They were {expensive),
please have those things
couldn^t keep our cigarettes
will be
in parentheses in each
them the news {happy). They took the news {calm).
We
gift.
(2)
word
clean.
an unusual
Write the correct form (adjective or adverb) of the

sentence. Do not change the position of the word.
room
considered the case carefully.
bought something unusual for
U$1NG ADJECTIVES
it.
became nervous suddenly.
became
it.
unhappily.
tasted sweet.
It
She
carefully.
me
at
tasted the medicine cautiously.
usually writes correctly.
for those
She appeared sleepy. She seemed anxious about
He was
William
That's right.
angry.
looked unhappy.
hate final examinations.
He
jokes,
made
shouted angrily.
He
She
stories.
word.
italicized
buys an early edition.
He
He
(2)
The man was
Suddenly^
an awkward boy.
usually correct.
is
He
AND ADVERBS
She enjoys real
told the truth.

is
pronounces words well.
don*t understand fast speech.
heard sudden movements.
Finally,
easily.
She sings beautiful songs.
beautifully.
13
learned the words
ADJECTIVES
tP ENTIFYJNG
each
^fite "adjective" or ''adverb" above
adverb" above each italicized word.
10
(I)
jobs
{dry)
weather.
{efficient)
in the rain.
{complete) satisfied with something
{inexpensi-ve).
The man seemed {nervous) and {anxious) about something.

The police became {suspicious) of the man very {rapid).
.1 consider his behavior
on that occasion very {suspicious).

89
REVIEW: ADJECTIVE vs ADViRj
135
Write the correct form (adjective or adverb) of the

Do not change the position of the word,
parentheses in each
viôrd in
sentence.
yue
In some
Complete each sentence with no or not as required.
They {general) give all applications {careful) consideration.

Look at that sentence {careful). It looks {incorrect).
Helen announced her decision to us {dramatic),
Some kinds of flowers grow {rapid) in dark places.
We are using this room for our English class {temporary)
Frank will
{Violent)
2
3
4
5
{definite)
from you.
to hear
{anxious)
waves beat against the pier {steady).
The boys got
be
{tired)
from working so
{fast)
man whispered
11
Johnson {usual) makes {thorough) reports to the company.
12
{Real),
13
Miss Ford spoke Spanish {awkward) and {incorrect).
14
She speaks the language {considerable) better now.
the
There were
any chairs
He's finished the
Our new
Do
I
Is
{angry).
us
at
10
15
I'll
Everyone
be {complete)
felt
satisfied
very {sad) about the news.
16
{Automatic) dishwashers are {safe) and {convenient).
17
{Actual), that author doesn't write {true)
18
The maid was
19
She cleaned the room {regular) and made
20
We
21
Everyone
22
23
The man looked at the policeman very {uneasy)

The coffee is {strong). We always like our coffee
24
Mr. Meyer speaks both German and Polish {good).
moved
{careful) to keep the
{fast) with the {strong)
feels
it
{neat) for us.
wind behind
us.
26
Examinations make
28
{clean).
{uneasy) in {difficult) situations.
25
27
room
stories.
don't like {final) examinations.
me
{angry)
I
I
{strong).
we
Let's
English
16
Are
17
Do
man,
the fat one,
Oh,
Those two fellows speak Portuguese,

There are
23
There are
24
33
There are {various) methods of doing
^3
34
{Efficient)
now.
trouble
it is
".
always.
22
32
right
"
*^yes'* or
Can
Fm
afraid
Spanish,
newspapers or magazines around here.

any books on those two shelves.
understood the
first
part, but
much time remains
Wilson on Mondays, but
you come tomorrow?
all.
you agree?
Mr. Williams.
is
20
Do
you ready for your dessert?

bother about that.
ambition at
have
^1
31
90
a difficult language.
is
usually see Mr.
the last part.
before the final examination!
students were invited to the committee meeting.

a person has said anything about that matter yet.
Is
their jobs.
difference
Our last two assignments were {unusual) {difficult).

The youngster seemed {sleepy). He smiled at us {sleepy).
employees {rare) do {careless) work on
tall
{efficient).
Russian.
Please answer these questions with
31
yet.
between those two sounds.
19
He'll have everything {ready).
that job
18
30
do
milk in the refrigerator.
do that now.
The
{Sudden),
understand.
the students finished their compositions or
14
agreed with us {ready).
do any work.
difficult to
is
much
hears
15
29
He
can
Borosovski said he was Ukrainian,
13
?^
heard {loud) noises outside the house.
he?
prefer this one?
There was
12
director of our office is a {good) educated man.

His knowledge of English grammar is quite {good)
has
Frank ready to leave?
Have
always get {nervous)
The
it,
time to read magazines or newspapers.
have
He
always do {poor) on them.

.
half of
0^^
ô/
room.
in the other
pencils!
instructor
you
11
with something {different).
first
paper!
*'Be
V'
students in the audience,
no
ô
There were
{hard).
10
{quiet)
cases, a contraction is
necessary.
Mr. Mendez learned English {rapid) and [easy).
136
WORDS NO AND NOT
way
there
Do
you
live
nearby?
many rooms
to
do
it?
that
Well,
far
in this building
know
from
of.
here.
have good ventilation.
well-informed person agrees with him about that.
everyone enjoys the same type of entertainment.

34
business can afford
^r. Johnson suggested
to advertise today.
telling
91
them about our plans.
COMPARISONS WITH ADJECTIVES
137
Study the comparisons in sentences 1 to 10. In sentences 11 to 34, complete the

comparison with the adjective in parentheses. Do not omit any words.
The
Mr.
2.
was as mteresting
last story
house
Slater's
the other one.
as
4
5
Fred
Louise Drake
is
is
the prettiest of
all
the
That was the worst part of the
entire
That lesson
all
the most difficult of
the lessons.
10
That fellow
Mr. Johnson was
12
Everyone else was {nervous) as you were.
13
Mr. Kelly
14
Our
15
That big fellow was {clumsy) of the
16
17
car
is
the least ambitious student in the class.
is
man
18
Marie
19
William
20
Los Angeles
is
it
American
countries.
26
The Empire
27
Elizabeth
28
{Many) people
29
Roger
30
The
31
32
33
34
{charming) a
in that
is
{tall) building in the world.
woman
as her mother.
didn't have {good) luck with
it
as
Frank
in that class
more
more popular than
is
more
tall
soccer in this country.
New York
than in Paris.
intelligent student
than Harold.
buildings in
Hanley
We
more
is
more students
worse
got
in this
country study Spanish than German.
method than with
results with that
^5^
That other car
is
2^1
This exercise
different
Your new dress
is
the
is
as,
to,
same model
or from.
this
the last
two
exercises,
my new
similar
one.
dress,
-^>ne customs here aren't exactly the same

is
-Wr.
;
Johnson's suit
This motor
is
Hi^s answer
to the
is
the
those in Cuba.
the design of this one.
similar
fYour example was quite different
did.
this one.
140
the one in the book.
same color
yours.
any other motor on the market.
different
problem wasn't quite the same
else.
93
92
friends than Ellen.
trouble with this lesson than the last one.
^mpiete these comparisons with the words
did.
than anyone
prettier girl than her sister.
..The design of that house
Mr. Jackson was {sensible) person at the meeting.

That sort of thing is {common) in Europe than here.
{good) work
is
OJNIRAl COMPARISONS
{talented) musician in that group.
we
better today than yesterday.
is
more
:...,.
9;
country speak French than German.
Gilberts bought {expensive) car than
Bill did
139
had
Tom
his brother.
25
is
his brother.
is.
{friendly) of all the girls in this office.
State Building
many
6 -There are
We've had {little) difficulty with this part than the other one.
Does your country have {bad) weather as this?
{Pew) members came to the meeting this week than last week.
New York has {many) tall buildings of any city in the world.
is
f
this one.
COMPARISONS
IN
But Louis Drake has
Football
from here than Philadelphia.
{far)
mfdch or
yesterday.
22
24
Mr. Wilson has as many responsibilities as Mr. Johnson.
was
Miss Peters
23
8.
21
is
Mr. Foster earns as much money as
coffee of all South
{homely) boy than

is
^^\L
MUCH AND fAANY
(b) That's
one.
five players.
certainly not {intelligent) as her sister
is
this,
That's just as cheap as this.
(c)
Everyone else was as nervous as you were.

The Ajax Company has as many employees as
r The weather
Ellen Drake
2
in that organization.
{warm) today than

{much)
Brazil exports
Add
{old) than Mr, Kennedy's car.
The weather
as in the
(tactful) than the other fellow.
{popular)
is
job.
as this,
this page is as easy as the last

The
The tall girl is as pretty as the dark girl.
The bedroom is as wide as the living room.
with as
(a) That's almost as cheap as
this,
cheap
just
(c)
on
exercise
girls.
11
is
That's as cheap as
his brother.
is
and
Use the words (a) almost, (b) practically,
following sentences. Study the example carefully.
bigger than our house.
a more ambitious student than
138
WITH AS ... AS
practically as
is
Your example is better than the one in the book.

That brown chair is more comfortable than this one.
That brown chair is less comfortable than this one.
INTENSIFIERS
mine.
141
'THE
HOUSE BUYERS"
HOUSE BUYERS"
//THE
141
(cont.)
Read the following conversation between

two prospective house buyers. Study the use
of the comparative and superlative forms
carefully. Answer the questions at the end
of the selection.
What do
Mr. Kelly:
the three houses?
you think about
Mrs, Kelly:
the red house the best of
all.
do you
Mr,
like the best?
decided that
But
yet.
Which one
house
is
house
is
the most
like the blue
is
Do
you
prettiest fireplace
as beautiful as the blue
modern and
one? Mrs,
the most beautiful of the three.
than the red one.
Mrs, Yes, the white house
but the red one costs the least of the three.
but the red one
all,
is
modern
too
the most comfortable of the three.

is
more
red house
is
The white house
small for us?
Mrs, No,
more windows
in the red
Mr,
think
isn't as
the.,
more rooms^
Mr. Yes,
it's
think the
modern
is
windows
modern house.
the most conventional of
Mr, Well,
let's
it
blue house
big as the blue house, but
big enough.
it's
all,
of
for
our
it
Don't forget there
ari
Mr, That's
fight^
In addition, the red
consider the white house then.
is
the most expensive

It's
not as big
^^
doesn't have as large a basement as the blue one,
apparently the most practical. Mrs. Well, the white house isn't
as modern as either of the
other two houses, but maybe it's the best one
It's
less
expensive than the blue house.
94
Of
the white house. Mrs,
buy
it
Is
Mr, We'll get the most

I think it's the most
Now
today!
course,
it
the white house bigger than the red house?
more
Which
house
Is
3
is
the red house
Which
Which house
house
is
as expensive as the white
the most expensive of all?
practical than the white house?
than the white house?
tical
Remember it's easier to sell

Mrs, Of course, the white
is
we buy
if
the biggest of the three?
house
too
blue house
money
all.
QUESTIONS ABOUT *'THE HOUSE BUYERS"
isn't|
but the price of the white house
The
has the most garden space of the three.
it
house has the nicest kitchen of
beautiful of all. Let's
house?
it is
for us.
but the white
is
is
all.
and
The
style
Naturally, you're right about the
The
all,
the cheapest!
me. Besides, the blue house
conventional as the blue house.
the blue one, and
but
course,
Don't you think the red house
higher than the price of the red one.

all.
also has
house than in the white one.
a conventional house than a
of
blue
larger than the red onej
is
Mrs, Well,
isn't as
but the blue house has the most
is
It
the smallest of these houses.
as small as the red house.
house
The
of
house is the best for us. It's smaller

Mr. That's true. Maybe the white
than the red house. It has fewer
than the blue house, but it's bigger
the red one. Mrs,
rooms than the blue house, but it has more rooms than
kitchen in the red house is nicer than the kitchen in the blue house,
the biggest.
house
for
practical than any other kind.
The
size.
Of
modern of all. Mr, That's true, but the white;

cheaper and more practical than the blue house. There is more:
space in the white house than in the red house.
of
think the red
the least
is
THE BLUE HOUSE
THE WHITE HOUSE
THE RED HOUSE
almost as beautiful as the red one, but not quite.
white house
house
is
haven't
house more than the red one.

think the red house
I like
Is
the blue
the red house less prac-
Is
the least practical of all?
is
Does the white house have more windows than the red house? 9
^hich house has the most windows? 10 Is the kitchen in the blue house
8
:^cet than the kitchen in the red
tochen of all?
13
12
Which house
*aa
the white house
the most
the white house?
ôuse?
"I'Lie
is
Is
16
house?
Which house
15
is
modern
^hite one?
Is
the red house prettier
the blue house as pretty as the white

17 Are the windows in the
the prettiest?
Is
most beautiful windows?
21
14
of all?
^^^^ garden space than the white one?

^"^
has the nicest
more modern than the blue house?
house more beautiful than the windows
**^^se has the
Which house
11
Which one
in the
of the three
has the
95
Does
19
20
red house?
18 Which
the red house have
Is
the blue one cheaper than
is
the cheapest?
COMIARISONS WITH ADVIRftS
142
Use the adverb in each sentence in the indicated form of comparison. Notice
are two possibilities in a few cases. Study the first six examples.
1
You
She speaks
He
>
/jj
(fluent)
.1
He
[
than he.
\
I
He
speaks {well) of
speak (rabi^y) of
as quickly as he.
^
,
He
all.
all.
>
Speak the most rapidly of
all,
Alice plays the piano {well) than the other two
10
You
11
That
tall
12
Peter
knows English
just {easily) as
didn't do this part {thoroughly) as the
Mr. Linton Was
girls.
Mr. Linton spoke
part.
Marjorie does her English lessons
much {rapidly) than the others.

grammar {well) of ail the students.
fellow works
Smith always drives {carelessly) than
14
We
15
Pierre understands English {little) of all the students.
16
He
17
18
The letter will probably arrive {soon) than you expect.

Brown explains things {clearly) of all our teachers.
19
He
20
hope to finish the work {fast) than that!

Wilson never discusses the subject {calmly) as Johnson.
21
his wife.
plan to get there {early) than the other guests.
speaks English {badly) than John or Virginia.
is
able to talk about that subject {confidently) than
22
Peter attends class {regularly) of
23
24
He
He
25
26
29
Frank plays tennis {badly) of all the players.

However, he can swim {well) than John or Bill.
I think that you acted {wisely) than he did.
Mr. Adams works {seriously) of all the employees.
30
My
31
27
28
32
all
11
Mr. Caldwell
secretary seldom gets to
usually get here
The wind blew
much
work
13
96
it
14
That's true but those lessons were
of the three ofEcials.
did.
than the others.
{hard)
144
(1)
Use the correct form of the word in parentheses in each sentence.

I.
Mr. Meyer speaks English
You
Mr. Harvey comes here
That house
That
Miss Williams usually dresses
^
9
Our
house in the whole neighborhood

is
certainly
woman
friends
go
is
to
much
Is
Charles
Watson
Broadway plays
Peter Kowalski
Thomas
is
{good)
{friendly)
{little)
it,
as her sister.
{neat)
{often)
{easy)
than
we
do.
as the last one.
{confident)
than
did.
student than his brother?
person in
didn't study this lesson
Veil, he had
that one.
secretary in this office
just
presented his point of view
is
than the one next to
{ugly)
{ambitious)
This exercise doesn't seem quite

Bill
of all the members.
regular)
tall
the students.
all
today than you did yesterday.
{beautiful)
Monday.
{happy
^V
much
look
of
{fluent)
^^
do.
did on
do.
do.
on those lessons than you
{hard)
WJECTIVE vs ADVERB IN COMPARISONS
{early) than the others.
{hard) yesterday than
{wise)
Louise worked
television plays.
of the three in that matter.
Mr. Caldwell acted
the students.
{early) as
work than
{wise)
12
his lessons than the others.
{much) than
than
{careful)
{careful)
undoubtedly
is
the lecturers.
all
of all the lecturers.
{confident)
In general, Marjorie does
always analyzes things {thoroughly) than the others.
usually enjoy movies
of
{confident)
10
certainly
works much {hard) on
respect.
the others in that
as
do.
first
{calm)
members.
of all the
can.
friend,
Mr. Shaw explained the lesson {clear) than you did.

His explanation of the lesson was {clear) than yours.
13
Mr. Wilson wasn't
'^'-
Johnson attends those meetings {often) than
it
is
her
actually a more sincere person than her friend.
^^
^''''' ^'^^'^^^
Harris about
all.
'^'^
'^'
sincerely than Betty,
person than
{sincere)
actually
is
Mr. Harvey comes here {regular)
You
tell
Alice
than he,
speaks the best of
can
less fluently
Alice
than Betty.
{sincere)
Alice always welcomes people more
speaks better than you,
first
Alice atways welcomes people
speak more fluently than he,
speak
143
(1)
sentences, complete the

two examples. In the remainder of the
in parentheses. Do not omit
words
the
of
forms
correct
with
the
comparisons
^ny words.
Study the
She speaks faster than you,
(fas^) than you.
speaks {well) than you.
speak
You speak
speak (^quickly) as he.
there
COMPARISONS
ADJECTIVE vs ADVERB IN
time for
97
this
{thorough)
this
factory.
as the last one.
lesson than the last one.
PASSIVE VERB FORMS
145
Change the verb to the active voice and rewrite the sentence. Be sure to keep
same tense. In some cases, it will be necessary to supply a subject (see
second example).
The
The
The
Our
Two
That room wasn't cleaned
The
2
3
books were taken by John.

boxes were mailed today.
two packages were opened
homework
is
He mailed the
by my secretary.
corrected by our teacher.
is
carefully yesterday.
being loaded by the
men now.
/Qhange the vwb
Was
Will that report be written by the same committee.?
^^^ active voice
that machine checked by the inspector.^
11
Has the news been announced by the president

The mail is delivered to this office twice a day.
12
All of us were surprised by his frank attitude.
13
14
Was the repair work

He wasn't very much
15
Are many courses
USING PASSIVE VERBS
Change the verb

the same tense.
to the passive voice
and rewrite the
sentence.
Be
yesterday.
Almost everyone {enjoy) the
English {teach) in the schools of almost every nation.
That proposal {consider) by the members
The
Smith {teach)
Mr. Harris (divide) the
Wilson
Not much
terrible
lecture last night.
right
now.
accident {happen) right here at 6:30 last night.

at the University of
{borrow) the
Washington
since 1948.
two sections tomorrow.
class into
money from Brown two weeks
ago.
{say) about the matter since that time,
me
10
My
11
Davis {promote) to the rank of sergeant
12
That event {occur)
13
All the students {bring) guests to the party tomorrow night.
14
Less than half of the cans of paint {use)
15
More
16
Everything {go) well so
given during the summer?
146
news
respected by the employees.
in English
(active or passive)
Everyone {shock) by the
yet?
done by that mechanic?
and the correct tense of the verb in
boxes today.
buildings have been constructed by that company.
truck
\Jst the correct voice

each sentence.
John took the books.
10
the
the
147
ACTIVE vs PASSIVE
friend {write) to
about
up
to
now.
There {be) no trouble
far.
That movie about Napoleon's
The mail
Who
week.
classes in English {list) in the catalog next fall.
18
19
last
now.
shortly after the meeting last week.
17
sure to keep
several times
it
life
me
{disappoint)
yet.
greatly.
{deliver, always) to this office before 10 a.m.
{furnish) the food for the picnic next
weekend?
that problem.
He
was signed by him.
20
The secretary opens the mail every morning.

The committee is considering that proposal right now.
The army will complete that project next year.
21
At this time, much attention {devote) to

Think carefully. Fm sure you {remember)
22
We
23
Mr. Wilson {make) some interesting statements yesterday.
24
4
5
signed the
letter.
The
His boss has transferred him
letter
to another department.
Will the company
An
Today a large number of people speak English. /Change
9
10
11
12
artist
distribute the
wrote that interesting
announcements
article
Didn't they return those books to the
library.?
The government has not changed that regulation yet.

Someone stole all her valuable jewelry last night.
Miss Peters wrote
all
of the reports for
Mr. Johnson.
14
Bad weather has delayed Flight 202 from Miami.

Did the court divide the money among the children?
15
Many
13
the
verbX
^^
-^
new textbook {publish) by that company next year.

The noise from the trains {annoy) me terribly last night.
26
That old red house {build)
27
The
28
Cocktails {serve) to the guests about 10 minutes
29
His sharp remarks {embarrass) everyone
^50
Fred {introduce) to the fellow by Mr. Brown yesterday.
98
famous Greek
epic,
in the year 1822.
report {examine, not) by a committee of experts yet.
from now.
last night,
'^
Listen to this!
^2
The Ajax Shoe Company {employ) 25 new men next month.

Only 25 new students {admit) into the department in 1955.
^^
^^
scholars have translated that
name.
25
}
about Paris.
his
{treat) very kindly by our hosts last Saturday.
think this
news
{surprise) you!
second coat of paint {spread) over that surface tomorrow.
99
EXPRSSSING "ABILITY" WITH CAN
148
Use can with the verb in parentheses to express "ability" in the present or future.
Write the sentence (a) in statement form, (b) in question form, and (c) in
negative form. Study the example carefully.
USmO CAN AND
ABU
BE
in place of be able in the
Use can
150
(1)
foUowing sentences. Study the examples.
Mr, Burke can go,
will be able to go.
Mr. Burke
Carol wasn't able to find
Carol couldn't find
it.
Fred will be able
Ed (go) downtown with us. (a) Ed can go downtown with us, (b)
Can Ed go downtown with us? (c) Ed can't go downtown with us,
Mr. Lucas {give) you all of the money tomorrow.
Are you able
Miss Cunningham {play) the piano very well.
The. students in that class {speak) English fluently.
Miss Peters wasn't able to find her gloves in the drawer.

We won't be able to announce the change until next week
You
Weren't your friends from Boston able
{find)
many
bargains
That fellow {speak)
Mr. Burke {get) someone
11
the stores after Christmas.
{use) the same key for the front door and the back door.
10
in
on Sunday morning.
to the director
was
to
return the money before Thursday.
to understand everything the teacher says.?
Which
you able
sections weren't
Are you able
Roger {borrow) Mr. Kennedy's car for the party tomorrow,
11
Wasn't Mr. Kovacs able
Dr. Hanson {usually, attend) the Friday night meetings,
12
ril be able to tell you
13
Not many
Who
Won*t you be
You
{buy)
all
him
tonight.
of those things at a hardware store.
12
Father {read) the newspaper without his glasses.
14
13
Harold and
15
his friend
{meet) us right after
149
class today.
THE PAST TENSE OF CAN
Change can (present and future)

the first two examples carefully.
to could (past) in the
can understand that part.
following sentences. Study
USING
on your radio?
to follow the instructions in the
much more about our
plans next week.
will be able to deliver the message to
CAN AND
able to attend the meeting
ABU
Mr. Franklin?
tomorrow afternoon?
151
(2)
We couldn't hear
We
You
Mr. Harris can speak three or four foreign languages.
We
Can your
Can't Miss
Elizabeth can play the piano, but she can't sing.
Why
can see a big difference between the two examples.
Hanson's address
in the directory.
friend help you with the difficult part of the

find her hat
work ?
and overcoat?
can hear those men's voices from the next room.
you explain everything
to your boss
on Monday?
10
No
11
Can't that other fellow take his vacation the following week?
results of the conference.
12
Mr. Mendez
13
Why
14
Not many
15
Can't you postpone your trip to Boston until the following

week?
can't express his thoughts in English very well.

to help
you with the work on Friday?
of the students can spell
100
all
those words correctly.
book?
of these students are able to pronounce that sound.
Couldn't you go with Mr. Fox?
Roger
stations
They are able
Can't you go with Mr. Fox?
can't you ask
two
yourself.'*
They can understand me.
one can predict the
to get those
do by
to
can't
to the party?
could understand that part.
Cunningham
go
Use be able in place of can in the following sentences. Study the examples.
can't find Dr.
to
able to finish only half of the lesson last night.
10
to substitute for
it.
understand me.
weren't able to hear everything.
can get that information from Miss Stewart tomorrow.
could answer
Can you
No
Unfortunately,
I
everything.
to
all
of the questions in the lesson except one.
finish all of the
work
for us by next
Thursday?
one could explain the exact meaning of the word

I
can't attend the
couldn't find Dr. Hanson's
to
name
or address in the directory.
^"
Can't you help your friend with the difficult parts of the
^1
We
me.
meeting with you tomorrow.
work?
can certainly pay back the money before that time.
Couldn't the students follow the teacher's instructions?
Why
can't Mr, Johnson do that work sometime next week?

Could your friends see most of the parade from their window?
Who
can translate these two sentences into English for

101
me?
EXPRESSING "ADVISABILITY" OR "OBLIGATION"
152
Use both should and ought with
the verb in parentheses to express "advisability**

or "obligation'* in the present or future. Study the example carefully.
1
We
Browns
Browns
the
(invite)
to the party,
to the party,
We
(a)
should invite the
with both should and ought.

Use the verb in parentheses in negative sentences
carefuUy.
examples
two
Use the correct tense. Study the first
1
We ought to invite the Browns to the party,
(b)
You
Your
Everyone {help) his friends and neighbors whenever possible.

Robert {speak) to Mr. Kramer about that matter soon.
Mr. Burke {try) to find a better job with another company,
Students {always, spend) time on their lessons at home.
You
Dr. Hanson {take) a taxi home.
10
We
money
friends {leave)
{be) a
{urge)
now.
It's
as
soon as possible.
Frank
(b) Bill ought not to have gone

{tell)
right away.
13
Smith and Green {object) to Brown's suggestion yesterday.
14
They
{write) that letter to James and {mail)
tonight and {study) his English lesson.
new
You
{drink) so
QUESTIONS WITH SHOULD
153
THE PAST TENSE OF SHOULD
Change the verb in each sentence to

add another sentence to show that the
AND OUGN
the past tense form. After each sentence,

action did not occur. Study the examples,
You
Miss Irwin ought
should
You ought to have spoken
However, you didn't speak
your boss the truth about the accident.
tell
to
send the company a check immediately.
should study very hard for the next examination.
We
{tell)
morrow?
2
to
to the director,
AND OUGHT
155
Use
the
everyone
to-
Use the verb in parentheses in question with both should and ought.
correct tense. Stuciy the two examples carefully.
1
Mr, Kennedy should go to the meeting. Mr, Kennedy should have

gone to the meeting. However, he didn't go to the meeting,
speak to the director.
answering.
in
12
{go) to parties more often and {make)
it
Wednesday
friends.
11
You
home
{delay) any longer than next
many cups of coffee last night.

They {nominate) Mr. Kennedy at the meeting tomorrow.
The janitor {lock) the two front doors yesterday morning.
You {jorce) Tom and Fred to come with us tomorrow night.
13
the director.
summer.
of our friends to attend that meeting.
10
We
everyone tomorrow,
(b)
Ought we
Should we
tell
everyone tomorrow?
to tell
(a) Should
{speak) to Bill yesterday,
Ought we
(a)
spoken
to have
we have spoken
(b)
You
your boss about that problem next Monday.
We
{tell)
{give) the message to someone else
{ask) Mr.
Kennedy
when we
for his advice about that
called.
tomorrow
convenient time.
Harold should take some courses in history,

Mr. Farrell should answer that telegram soon.
The
students {stay) there and {wait) for Mr.

{invite)
You
ought to eat our dinner
ought
to explain all of the details to
Mrs. Wilson ought
to stay in
Everyone ought to do
You ought
at a
to call
102
bed and
his share of the
her and
tell
me.
rest.
work.
her the news.
We
10
My
11
12
^^
Mr. and Mrs. Bailey
friend {announce) the
{wait) until next
news
Fox
to the party next
to
night.
yesterday.
week.
them sooner than he
week and {make) a
to Bill
to Bill yesterday?
yesterday?
Roger {send) them a telegram before he leaves tonight.

Mr. Johnson {submit) his application before this week.
We
last
Mr. Foster {write) to them about that matter last week.

You {go) to bed so late every night of the week.
We
at
to-
week.
It's
Drivers {always, be) courteous to others on the highways,
to
his plans until next
anyone about
last
careful about that in the future.
Harold {stay)
You ought
home
home
a very long walk.
more
11
You should not help Fred
(b) You ought not to help Fred tomorrow,

gone
Bill {go) home last week, (a) Bill should not have
week,
getting quite late.
12
(a)
Fred tomorrow,
{help)
Mr. Black {speak) so frankly in front of his boss yesterday.

Mr. Burke {give) that fellow any more money last week.
little
all
Mr, Lucas
to
You
morrow,
(return) the
154
AND OUGHT
NEGATIVES WITH SHOULD
did.
decision then.
to ride with us tomorrow.

Mr. Johnson {take) the papers and {give) them to you yesterday.
Fted {persuade) Mr, Lucas
103
EXPRESSING ''NECESSITY'
156
Use both must and have with
present or future. Study the
1
We
Bill (return)
{finish) that
We
Friday,
(a)
We
must
work
finish that
have to finish that work before Friday.
to Baltimore
tomorrow,
(a) Bill must return to
BaL
timore tomorrow, (b) Bill has to return to Baltimore tomorrow.

3
Mr. Kramer {make out)
You
Everyone {take) the English placement examination.
All members of the club {pay) their dues before Friday.
income tax report next week.
his
work by tomorrow and {give)
{finish) this
Carlos {work)
It's late!
much harder
We
{walk) very
in order to
11
Mr. Kennedy {have) your reply no
12
We
{be)
13
You
{write) to the
{cash) this check.
Otherwise,
at the airport thirty
it
to
improve
fast to get there
10
on
Mr. Wilson.
his
marks.
time.
won't have any money,
later than next
minutes before
Tuesday.
Mr. Hart must leave now.
Must Mr. Hart
We
have
Do we
The
students have to turn in their papers tomorrow.
Everyone in the
Miss Cunningham has to go shopping
Her
friend has to get ready to leave right now,
We
have
Frank had to explain everything to Mr. Moore carefully.
You must
to
study that lesson.
must take the
class
to return those
leave
have to study that lesson?
final
examination.
afternoon.
this
question forms.
speak to Mr. Brink before the meeting tonight,
The Andersons have
to leave for
11
Louise had to leave
home
12
The
13
We
15
AND HAVt
Oiange the verb in each sentence to the past tense form. Notice that there
past tense form of must. Study the first two examples carefully.
Mr. Adams must go
have to leave right away
have
to Boston,
We had to leave
Mr, Adams had
is
no
right away.
to
go
to Boston,
We
Mr. Wilson has
Bill
and
We
must
All of the members have to attend the meeting tomorrow.
must
stay at
I
have to
call
fast to get there before eight o'clock.
to get to the airport thirty minutes early.
my
office until six-thirty tonight.
finish all of the
plumber
work by tomorrow
to fix those
night.
broken pipes.
12
Harold must send a telegram to his friends right away.

Everyone has to do his share of the work next Wednesday.
I must return the money to Mr. Lucas before
Wednesday.
13
We
have
14
Our
teacher often has to explain the
Smith has
to sign the contract
to
fill
and return
must wrap
and mail
that package
it
two
to
exercises.
Miss Holt today.
The students had to study the lesson and learn the new words.
The man must fill out the blank and give it to the secretary.
AND HAVE
159
Carol must leave before eight o'clock.
You
You
eight
before
have to write these two
o'clock,
(prohibition)
lessons.
don't have to write these two lessons,
(lack of necessity)
Miss Peters has to cash that check right away.
We
Dave and I have

Your friend must
must say something
"7
We
The
students
We
must
had
The men had
You must
immediately.
^2
lesson twice.
^^
Mr. Adams about that matter.
be there
at
a specific time tonight.
reveal all of his plans to those people.
to
ask for permission in order to leave.
also give the other
^1
same
to
to
always have to write the exercises for our teacher.
^0
it
out the papers and submit them by Saturday,
104
gtt there on time.
students must also write the other
Carol must not leave
to read the instructions carefully to understand them.
must drive very
to
Change the verb in these sentences to the negative form and make any other
Also indicate the meaning of the sentence ("prohibition"
necesssary changes.
or "lack of necessity"). Study the first two examples carefully.
1
We
early
Denver next Tuesday.
carefully.
THE PAST TENSE OF MUST
books to the library tomorrow.
10
14
flight time.
company and {explain) everything
157
15
now?
NEGATIVES WITH ÛSl
11
two examples.
first
{inform) the police about the accident right away.
10
Study the
to questions.
Change these sentences
two examples.
work before
(b)
before Friday,
the verb in parentheses to express "necessity" in the
first
158
QUESTIONS WITH MUST AND HAVE
to
one to Mr. Wilson's
show some kind of
secretary.
identification,
help your two friends with their homework.
have to pay Mr. Lucas some of the money
You must tell your friends your plans

^^ The students had to answer all of the
105
this
week.
for next year too,
questions on the page.
REVIEW: QUESTIONS WITH AUXILIARIES
160
Change the following statements and negatives
the question
to
He has to
Tom can^t
Dorothy
You must
Miss Cunningham couldn't find her purse and gloves.
We
We
6
7
9
10
11
12
leave.
Does he have
do
Can't
it.
be able
will
have
tell
to
Tom
on the page.
the questions
all
must wrap the package and mail it today.

Mr. Stewart won't be able to attend the meeting.
I
should
The
The
tell
them the
words from the parentheses
in each sentence.
the
take
examination
Students {should, ought) spend
Bill {can, will
We
{must, have) leave for
home
She
{couldn't, wasn't able)
to find her silver bracelet.
You
{must,
to
much time on
their
be able) help us with the work next week.
few minutes.
in a
them today or tomorrow.
{should, ought) to write to
Johnson {must, has)
send out the report right away.
We
invite the
{should, ought)
Who
{can,
Browns
to the party.
able) explain that sentence to us?
is
10
students can understand their teacher very well.
11
Everyone {should, ought) have
tomorrow.
12
The students {could, were able) understand everything.
now.
13
They {must, have)
14
You
15
We
14
He's not able
15
You must
tell
anyone about
it
until
men with
to help the
it
right
not
homework.
students had to ask for permission to leave.
should not
Do
tomorrow.
Everyone
truth about the accident.
has)
The men
speak to Mr. Henderson before the meeting.
finish the job before
{must, have)
tried to
Monday,
be more careful.
to
have your answer immediately.
{should, ought)
not to smoke quite so much.
{can't,
won't be able) to
visit
you next weekend
REVIEW: NEGATIVES WITH AUXILIARIES
161
REVIEW: THE PRINCIPAL VERB
Change the following statements and questions
You
Can Roger help
should
must
call
call
You shouldn't
them.
Mr. Kennedy
We
Bill will
You
Can your friends go

They must tell their
could hear the
call
at
man from
his
office
today.
the back of the room.
have to get the money from Harold right away.

be able
to lend us
some money next week.
should urge them to join that organization.
Were you
to the
boss
meeting with us
When
What
We
13
can think of a few examples similar to that one.

You should have said something to Louise about it.
14
We
to ask our boss for permission to leave early.
in
parentheses in each sentence.
show those people the other one.

The employees had to work on Saturday and Sunday.
of
them should
{buy)
do you have {explain) everything
can't {decide).
to your boss?
long can you {be) away from your

will
office?
Mr. Kennedy be able {give) us an answer?
should
we
{say) to the director about that yesterday?
10
11
When
12
those two sentences?

How many
Why ought Bill {give) them the money before this week?
How many members can {come) to the meeting tomorrow?
How far must we {walk) in order to get to the Franklin Hotel?
13
also
14
15
106
verb
How long must we {wait) here for those people?

Why weren't those men able {finish) the work right away?
How many sentences did you have {write) for the teacher?
How much can you {afford) to pay for an apartment?
Why should we {speak) to him when we saw him?
of their plans.
12
must
able to finish the entire job yesterday?
Which one
Why
How
tonight.?
11
had
8
all
of the
them,
Can't Roger help us?
us?
163
to the negative form.
Use the correct form
10
it?
should invite Mr. and Mrs. Wilson to the party too.
13
do
your boss about your change in plans.
answer
or
to leave?
meet us here tomorrow.
to
word
Select the correct
162
FORMS
add any other word or words to the sentence.
15
form.
REVIEW: THE AUXILIARY
must we {return)
all
students could
of these books to the library?

{translate)
107
Read
IMPORTANT MEETING'
'THE
164
this conversation carefully. Notice the use of the auxiliaries will, should, etc.
REVIEW: SIMPLE QUESTION FORMS
Tom knows that fellow.

He won't be able to come.
Un-
The
won't be able to go.
Bill-.
Miss Johnson does her homework
The
speak-
They had
All of those students have their
Are you going
Tom:
ing tonight?
fortunately,
Why
find a job.
will graduate
know
You
can't go.
We're going
to
Why
Bill:
Tom:
strong.
No
Wellj
one
Do
Bill:
But
forcing me.
is
Don't you agree?
In that case, shouldn't you study too?
studied last night, and I'm sure
forgotten?
Tom:
have
By
the way,
reminds
Why
for you.
me
right
I'll
rd be glad
please
now
because
him
see
Tom:
a lot.
it's
in half
notes
Should
be necessary.
right.
have to
13
It is
Is it a ne-
14
He
too
15
Carlos studied at Pasadena City College last year.
to study tonight.
\6
Mr. Johnson has already been introduced to that fellow.
during
the
me
As
it?
the
have to
So long and thanks.
Tom:
Have
audience.
Can they go with
go too?
The
went
You
Could your friends
a matter of fact, I ought to
Hurry!
Tom:
Good.
can remind him
That
Mr. Johnson before nine
from
see the parade
have to have
all
Would
course.
15
All
14
won't forget your message for Fred.
*5
Bill:
Taylors planned to leave for the weekend too.
to speak to
recently.
Mr. Smith yesterday.
saw someone
Those two carpenters did the work very
I
o*clock.
their window.'*
inside of the house has already been painted.
had an opportunity
The
to the meeting.
those things right away.
There have been some very bad storms
that won't
see you later.
We
call
12
No,
should
you
go
instructor explained that lesson to us yesterday.
Sure,
have to keep a record of the meeting
Tom:
didn't
negative form.
Can't they go with us tonight?
will help
Bill:
Of
to the
The
The
I
Bill:
166
us tonight?
Bill:
We
108
it.
at this time of the year.
to the meeting.
Bill:
I
11
pay for
FORMS
must
I'll
to
yet.
always has to repeat the instructions for the students.
tonight?
money
Change the following statements and questions
go now.
New York
Yes,
Bill:
you right now.
South America every summer.
to
jfiies
always hot in
REVIEW: NEGATIVE
10
lecture
I
shouldn't lend that fellow the
must not
to
tell
not received any letters from them
must
Bill:
the
to
of something.
getting late.
an hour.
is
Tom:
do.
Beside5 that,
speaker
ask Fred to take notes too?
Well,
would you do a favor for me?

What can I do for you? Tom:
can do that very easily because
anyway.
11
Mr. Anderson
Say, Bill,
to help you.
take
mustn't you forget?
remind him to bring the microphone.
him
it.
Does Fred have
that
Tom:
forget to call him.
call
10
Yes,
must you attend
introduce
to
Yes, That's right.
he does.
right.
You're
don't have to study.
can pass
Why
Tom:
attend the meeting.
you
can not think of anything to
Everyone ought to
Bill:
Bill:
dictionaries.
at-
to
Don't you remember?
should devote the time to a thorough review.
review before an exam.
own
it.
Tom
ought
really
should have written to the Browns and explained
You have
you have to study?
check every one of the reports carefully.
suppose the expression "have to study"
to
at the library.
have
have an examination in our class tomorrow.
study for the examination.

cessity?
Tom:
students understood the instructions completely.
will
Then
you?
that jellow?
from school next June.
can't
Tom know
Won't he be able to come?
subject.
about
shouldn't miss this meeting.
Does
this
all
In that case, you ought to cancel your other plans and
Bill:
tend the meeting.
But
Tom:
talk about job opportunities.
ought to
I
should go.
should you go?
er will
As you know,
to attend the meet-
to simple questions.
Change the following statements and negatives

1
Bill:
165
in the hall outside your office.
students had to
felt
answer
all the
quickly.
questions on the page.
quite sick at eight o'clock this morning.
Will you be able
to finish the
work before next Friday?

109
167
infinitive
as
indicated
INFlNtTtVE AFTER IT
/'/
and use the
full
Miss Williams was pleased
Seeing our old friends again was wonderful.
The
was wonderful to see our old friends again,

Complaining about that matter now is useless.
All of the members were
really quite
easy.
really quite easy to learn Eng;lish.
Sitting in one place for so long
Going
to that party next
week
was very uncomfortable.
Understanding that fellow was very
Meeting the president
in person
difficult
was
for
exciting.
Writing good compositions
11
Driving from here to Seattle takes about seven hours,
Write a complete answer
show
What
Why
did you close the
window
to
window
my
keep out the loud noises,
did Father go
down
to the
basement for?
did you have to go to the grocery store today?
did you go to the post office for?
Why
Why
are those
10
11
12
13
What
What
Why
Why
Why
Everyone was disappointed
PURPOSE
so
we
tell
did the guests go
home
lecture
friends
14
15
jm
INFtNinVE AFTER
110
Moore
is
-.
certainly qualified
think you will be surprised
..
TOO AND AN ADJECTIVE
Mr. Johnson was too angry
That dress
is
formal
Fifty miles
is
far
that
170
Is
That matter was
The man was

At the moment,
too long to finish in an
method
to say
important
...,.
stupid
was
That work is definitely

Mr. Green was
The woman was
hour
all.
confused
Will the director be
is
anything at
dangerous
That actor was

At the time, I was
Fêd
did Mr. Anderson go to the bank this morning?
were considerate
The examination was
so early last night?
York?
prepared
for?
New
fully
Complete these sentences with (1) the word too, (2) a full infinitive, and
(3) any other necessary words. Study the first two examples carefully.
fast?
to
unfit
is
Professor
must you and your wife return
man
opinion, that
Your
^2
that
Black was certainly lucky
my
13
Mr. Johnson about that matter?
to
be ready
12
*^
we go
will
Fm
did the students have to do that for?
should
gift,
That fellow was very polite
*Q
should
fortunate
Yes,
two boys running
Bill
vexy
11
did Mr. and Mrs. Hilton go to Los Angeles?
What
English,
for?
Don and Dorothy
did you enroll in this course?
closed the
Why
two examples.
first
enrolled in this course to improve
What
I
forty minutes.
to each question. In your answer, use the full infinitive
the reason or purpose. Study the
Why
/
me
not so easy.
SHOW REASON OR
THE INFINITIVE TO
168
is
Plying to Caracas, Venezuela took us only eight hours.
13
to
English
Getting to school by bus usually takes
12
id
me.
10
in
You were
His parents were ashamed
In
such a nice
satisfied
us.
receive
to
students are anxious
will be a lot of fun.
Finding examples of that is almost impossible.

Traveling to Italy by boat will be interesting for
carefully.
Everyone was sorry to hear the bad news.
is
It
and (2) any other necessary
full infinitive
Complete these sentences with (1) a

Study the first two examples
169
PARTICIPLES
// is
OR
THE INFINITIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES

^rords.
in
Learning English
(2)
Replace the italicized words with

the first two examples.
Rewrite each sentence.
GERUND SUBJECT
(1)
busy
nervous
involved
difiicult
annoyed
careless in his
work
upset about the news

Ill
FOk AND THE
171
INriNITfVE AFTER ADJECTIVES
Complete these sentences with (1) the preposition for and an object, (2)* a
full infinitive, and (3) any other necessary words. Study the first two examples.
Why
Did Mr, Johnson
You
Mr. Foster constantly worries
Our
Mr. Moore doesn't approve
Mr. Wilson forgot
You must
These
Our
instructor
Was
that
It's
Things
uncommon
The box was much too heavy
exercises
are
were hard for
me
practical
was ready
book too boring
and unusual
interesting
that are easy
like
not very
10
That
11
Don't you think
12
That
13
14
That
15
Were
subject
shirt
think
REVIEW: GERUND
(learn)
AND
was a
Learning aU of those new words in one day was a

I
must go
must go
to the library
iNFINfTIVB
Most of
{write)
That fellow
"^
9
10
11
12
went
the students
to the grocery store this
too undependable
to call
Not everyone
{study) late at night.
14
Mr. Foster
15
Were
16
She was proud
Mr. Wilson
was pleased
{lose) his job with that
afraid
is
Browns
{^nish) the
17
He's really quite capable
18
I'm sorry
{lose) it
19
I'm not particularly fond
20
The
21
We're
22
Why
23
The
is
27
The
{hear)
{protect)
just
about impossible.
{hear)
scientist
28
He
29
There
won't
30
You
31
is
English in a short time?
man.
that
to nothing but complaints all day.
{study) English in the United States.
us his reasons
{find)
little possibility
can get a catalog
{solve) the problem.
not {help) them with

a substitute
{write) directly to the
{mention)
don't have any intention
it
if.
now.
company.
to her at all.
{work) harder or {lose) your job.
32
You have
33
{invest) in bonds.
Mr. Wilson has made a lot of money
work so often.
from
absent
{be)
There's really no excuse
34
a choice
required a lot of patience.
113
112
them before next Saturday.
{know) more about
found a new method
very
in a courtroom.
{testify)
{learn)
excited
tell
\t.
{hear) those airplanes over your house?

{listen)
is
{replace)
be responsible
police are interested
friend
in such a short time.
{attend) baseball games.
he so intent
My
{get)
I'll
{see)
hopeful
26
{trust)
work
bank?
{complete) the work by himself.
witness was very anxious

still
company.
{get) a loan from the
successful
I'm tired
{remind)
{hsten)
the
{take) care of your garden?
that fellow
was the hardest thing for me.
is
there
{lose) his position.
Did you pay
Are you accustomed
morning
from Frank.
{do) that until later in the afternoonr..

{hear) from us before Christmas.
not plan
25
(answer)
{satisfy)
had
friend*
took quite a long time.
should cover the machine
assistance
{use) any different method.
boss objects
24
I'm sure they will be disappointed
job.
difficult job,
two books for my
(//W)
You
{get)
shouldn't rely
._
were prepared
:
is
difficult
(get)
to the library today to get those
{sell) his old car?
finally succeed
Complete these sentences with (1) the gerund form or the full infinitive form
of the verb in parentheses and (2) any other necessary words. Study the examples.
{do) everything themselves?
did those fellows insist
...
the people in the audience eager
students.
13
too dangerous
is
from other
12
11
was strange
always depends
{change) the membership rules.

The officers spoke
{leave) last Friday.
The bad weather prevented them
{make) that sarcastic remark.
We have never forgiven him
10
good
it's
sport
it
too dirty
is
,.
difficult
is
172
{get) help
lessons
Use the gemnd
r-/^'0
friends were anxious for us to return to Chicago.

the correct preposition in the blank
the preposihon.
form of the verb in parentheses after
He
It's
^pply
1
two
last
173
GERUND AFTER PREPOSITIONS
to understand.
The
Our
THE
174
INFINITIVE vf
Choose the correct form (full infinitive or gerund) of the verb

Check your work with the answers in the appendix.
My friend
My friend
GERUND
of the verb
Choose the correct form (full infinitive or gerund)
the appendix.
Check your work with the answers in
to see
in
in each sentence.
book very soon,
John avoided (speak)
letters to their friends.
Mr. Foster
letters to their friends.
The Andersons enjoyed (go)
He demanded
My
Bill doesn't
Have you
promised
to return the
Most people enjoy {write)

Most people enjoy writing
Did you
Davis finished (write) the report about four
How
avoids (study) his lessons as long as possible.

offer (translate) those letters for
them?
o'clock.
soon do you expect (leave) for South America?
Senator Holt refused (eliminate) any of the major points.
Have you
Are you going
hope
(visi^)
Mexico City on our next

to the teacher
to that play.
the report immediately.
(see)
friend says he plans (study) Italian next year.
Would
wish (reveal) his plans to us
finished (read) that
new novel
yet.
yet?
you mind (shut) both of those windows.

about that subject.
11
You
Did they promise (reserve) some good seats for us?

I would appreciate (hear) from you as soon as possible.
They should postpone (leave) for another week or so.
12
We
13
15
Mr, Green suggested (leave) before the weekend.

I definitely recall (put) the envelope here on my desk.
16
Why
you mind (wait) for 15 or 20 minutes?
17
don^t dare (suggest) that possibility to them.
18
We
rU need
Did
15
Would
16
We
ever considered (try) something different?

to suggest (travel)
by train or not?
(buy) a new winter overcoat before long.
the students practice (use) the
Why
do you always put
off (write)
18
Miss Stewart hopes (receive)
19
Those men deny (know) anything
words
to
in sentences?
your friends?
a reply within a
few
at all about
days.
14
(receive) your answer promptly.
would appreciate
expect (receive) an answer from the Browns soon.
did they refuse (give) you the information?
really can't
postpone
wanted (buy) something a
19
How
20
We
can anyone
resist
don't want (risk)
(lose) our
don't intend (tell) anyone about
23
The
22
Keep on
24
23
hesitate (say) anything to
25
Why
24
don't recall (see) your briefcase beside that desk.
26
27
George delayed (write) the
28
29
He
30
story.
don't want (interrupt) your work.

mistake.
26
items.
can't stand (listen) to his complaints any longer.
27
28
Smith claims (be) an expert on that particular
don't want (risk)
(lose) those valuable papers.
^9
Please stop (interrupt)
^0
me
children promised not (do) that any more.
don't deny not (understand) that part of the lesson.
him with that work?
don't you offer (help)
hesitate (suggest)
any changes
at this time,
letter as
long as possible.
don't advise (study) for very long periods of time.
seems
(know)
resolved (do)
a great deal about that subject.
much
better
work
in the future.
subject.
middle of a sentence.
will remember (give) Mr. Brown your
message.
in the
Did the man agree (pay) for everything in cash?

That fellow really resents (take) orders from
other
114
yet.
For a while, we considered not (go) with them.
couldn^t resist (tell)
His secretary failed (include) several important
plans
We
25
my
that way.
21
guests don't plan (leave) until the end of the week.
him about the
money
it.
Our
expensive.
little less
(like) that charming girl?
20
(study),
them any longer.
(tell)
21
them the whole
little
shouldn't put off (write) your homework.
22
work
working
to buy
buying
to
it.
(buy) an overcoat.
definitely needs
each sentence.
seeing
Fred admitted (know) very
13
>1
about
trip,
10
14
17
175
(2)
We
12
GERUND
Tom
11
INFINITIVE vs
promised (refurn) the book very soon.
10
(1)
you forget (gi^^) Mr.
Simmons
message?
31
Did
32
She pretends (understand) everything very
33
Miss Williams tends (exaggerate) things a great deal.
34
The
that
clearly.
police failed (notify) the man's relatives of the accident
people.
115
G>mplete these sentences with an object and a

examples carefully.
1
The foreman
me to ask
my friend to
advised
persuaded
full infinitive.
Study the
stay for
The
Everyone urged Bill Black to continue his education,
students wanted Mr.
Her mother allowed

Our friends asked
Everyone wanted
We
They
to explain the lesson again,
didn*t permit
10
Do
14
The children begged

The director advised
The company hired
The manager instructed
We
16
Did you remind
17
They
18
We
19
Did you promise
20
The
21
Almost everyone
22
Why
23
Did your
24
You
25
Can't you persuade
26
Our
Did
27
Brown
have invited
11
13
his friends expect
finally
..../.
persuaded
?
convinced
finally
had
actually
Use the correct form
four
to force
captain ordered
told
don't you urge
gemnd)
It
How
We
{Learn) English quickly
is
She promised {return)
just as
We
takes about six hours {get) there from Miami.
long do you expect {stay) in Puerto Rico?
went
to the lecture {hear)
it
famous author.
not an easy thing.
soon as possible.
are looking forward to {see) our friends next week.
It's
You ought
to
them {attend) the meeting next week.
postpone {leave) until next Wednesday.
10
We
11
12
Would you mind {open) both
13
{Write) good compositions
14
Foster didn't explain his reasons for {quit) his job.
15
Did you remind the man {lock) both of the doors?
16
Our
invited
took the cover off the machine {show)
is
to them.
it
of those
windows?
extremely
difficult.
teacher encourages us {think)
for ourselves.
took us only two hours {get) there by plane.
It
....I
19
We
20
They have
21
He
mentioned the possibility of {buy) a new one.
came
to the music,
{listen)
not {discuss)
it.
{show) us how {work) the machine.
offered
wants {teach) the students {speak) English
correctly.
22
{Travel) abroad increases one's {understand) of
23
didn't think of {say)
24
We
It
26
friends invited
27
We're
they ask
28
Those two examples are quite
29
His boss refused {consider)
..?
can depend on
is
hope
life.
anything to him at the time.
25
teacher advise
that
very easy {criticize) other people's work.
He
of each verb in parentheses.
did they insist on {leave) so early last night.?
18
(infinitive or
Why
17
177
GERUND
two more days.
finally
first
jot a raise next months
12
REVIEW: INFINITIVE vs
THE INFINITiVE AFTER OBJECTS
176
{paint) the house by Thursday.
{finish)
impossible {do) that without any help from you.
need
{get)
new
briefcase
afraid of {offend)
{replace)
this one.
them by {suggest)
difficult
that.
{understand)
28
29
Should we remind
30
30
They won't permit
31
Most people save
31
Why
32
Mr. Moore advised
32
The policeman
33
They aren t depending on {get) a loan {buy) the house.

The students are enjoying {learn) {write) English correctly.
don't expect
can't
you hire
forced
33
They should urge
34
We
didn't
....,
34
{give)
forgot {ask) his brother {tell)

for a
me
the day off.

it,
long time {buy) a house.
{change)
want
116
him
him about
117
my method
of {do)
it.
THE PASSIVE INFINITIVE WITH AUXILIARIES
fjS
infinitive form of the verb

two examples carefully.
Write the
correct
Study the
first
That work must
These machines ought

3
All seats have
That information can
All
Much more
That assignment
9
10
The
The
11
Examples of that
12
Part of the
13
The
must
accidents
(report)
the
Mr. Brown
Alice won't have enough time.
examination has
We
We've
week.
by
(take)
That part of the job can
(do)
are too.
didn't
to that concert.
We
You
He
10
She
12
Her brother can speak Spanish.

Frank didn't know that word,
13
Alice bought a
14
You must make a decision soon.

Not many people enjoyed his speech.
students.
either,
They
money.
already done that lesson.
new
either.
Betty won't
11
15
14
We
Martha
party.
don't have enough
does too.
Roger
very carefully.
all
the
Bill
I'm not going to go tomorrow.
another department.
to
at
meet that man.
should study for the examination.
almost everywhere.
(assign)
wasn't
Louise
The Moores went
twelve months.
within
didn't
immediately.
this
are working right now.
desk,
that problem.
(check)
(find)
work should
to
(complete)
(repay)
can
sort
police
(devote)
that report ought
in
in advance.
the information
music.
They
in the future.
to
have
doesn't
at
(try)
amount must
entire
final
(obtain)
attention should
statistics
week
at least a
like classical
to be inspected once a year.
method should
different
four examples carefully.
once a year.
(inspect)
(reserve)
first
night.
180
short additions to these sentences with the proper verb and too or euher.
Make
before tomorrow night.
{complete)
These machines ought
ADDITIONS WITH TOO AND ITHgR
Study the
Tha^ work must be completed before tomorrow

2
each sentence.
parentheses in
in
S HORT
Fred
Louise
spring coat.
We
anytime before next Friday,
SHORT ADDITIONS WITH SO AND NEITHER

1
79
INFINITIVE vs
sentence.
Study the
gerund) of the verb in parentheses

(infinitive or
first
That fellow seems

That fellow seems
be
to
in each
Don't you
recall
(tell)
So does Frank.
They could understand
So
about that by Mr. Burke?

4
Don't you
recall being told
about that by Mr. Burke?

5
Mr. Foster hopes
No
(transfer)
to
Chicago by
his
company,
6
one enjoys
(deceive)
by
another
person.
"7
absolutely
We
refuse
would appreciate
would
by them in that manner.
(cheat)
(inform)
(promote)
to a higher position.
Naturally,
Mr. Anderson wishes
by
10
That author doesn^t mind (criticize)

The whole problem certainly needs
11
That fellow couldn't avoid
into
12
13
really
Of
didn't
course,
we
like
expect
intend
(notify)
just
(draft)
(introduce)
(pay)
as soon
his
as
at
Neither will Fred,
meeting.
that
The girls didn't get there on time.

I
know Mr. Harris very well.
They haven't had any trouble yet.
You should leave for home early.
We
Mr. Howell can't come tomorrow.
don't usually drive to
10
She's
^l
^2
Those students weren't
^3
Martha would
^4
We
^5
been
there
several
we.
the office
Neither did
-
\.
Tom.
she.
we.
they.
Bob.
we.
times.
fell
on those slippery
she.
steps.
friends.
military
very
absent.
I.
carefully-
service.
the president.
in full for all of our services.
118
won't be
could
possible.
(consider)
to
We
everything.
about the matter promptly,
Fred usually works on Saturday.
by everyone,
trusted
first
short additions to these sentences with so or neither and the proper verb.
Study the
by everyone.
(trust)
181
(PASSIVE FORMS)
Make
Write the correct form
GERUND
am
didn't
going
like
finish
to
French
Bill.
work yesterday
they.
him
we.
to
the
learn
write a letter to
119
CONTRARY SHORT APDiTIONS
|g2
1
Tom
and
can go with you, but Charles
can't,
Mr. Kramer doesn't know that word, but Fred does,

My friend understands the lesson very well, but I don't,
My
Complete each question. Then supply the anticipated short answer.
a contrary short addition to each sentence. Study the examples carefully,
Make
brother won*t be at
home tomorrow
Mr. Johnson has seen the annual
The
night, but
we
report, but
other students didn^t enjoy the trip yesterday, but
SHORT ANSWER
QUESTION
Virginia can come, can't she?
Mr. Smith
His car doesn't start easily, does it?
Tom
and
can't speak Russian,
lives in
Frank saw Mr. Wilson,
That lawyer
10
My
Mr. Brown went home
11
Mr. Fox wasn't
12
Tom
13
14
Mary Peters comes to work on time, but no one

Mr, Meyer speaks English with his friends, but
15
friends are going to leave early today, but

at the
has to stay
finished
men
but we
meeting, but the other
home and
my work on
study tonight,
time, but
Bill
none of the other students
AVOflDING REPETITION IN ADDITIONS
183
Avoid repeating words by shortening the additions to these sentences. Study

first two examples carefully. Notice that the word to is not omitted.
1
We
should invite them, but
We
should invite them, but
can't
go there now, but
can't
go there now, hut
My
I'm not going to use
No
He would
Bill doesn't
They
we
we
plan to tomorrow,
friends study every night, but
don't need to study every night.
haven't written that letter yet, but
one
else did that
work, and
want
it
intend to write
Would you
this ticket.
like to finish
to,
plan to go there tomorrow.

I
it
don't intend to do that
now, but he has
can't visit us tomorrow, but they
hope
tonight
like to use this ticket.^
work
today, but he won*t be able to finish
to leave
to leave
it
either.
today.
now.
Alice hasn't read that book yet, but she plans to read that book.
11
Why should
12
13
We
ask for permission
haven't spoken to
didn't sign
it
14
That
^5
Students should study hard,
?
?
left,
Adams
Miss
18
That fellow won't be
wasn't able to get
lock didn't
work
it,
properly,
there,
19
The plane
20
There
21
That car
22
23
The bus hasn't left yet,

Mr, Meyer can speak German,
24
Alice and Fred weren't ready,
25
You
26
That seems
27
They
28
This book has enough
M>
30
32
it
Frank's notebook,
is
The
speak to him very soon-
today, but we're going to sign
Yes,
17
31
to
are your cigarettes,
16
don't have to ask for permission-'
my boss yet, but I ought
120
Those
No,
leaves at six o'clock,
aren't any people there,
cost quite a bit,
?
?
?
should write the Wilsons too,
didn't
to be correct,
do
the work,
?
?
'
to visit us next Friday.!
10
13
coffee
No
th6
don't want to invite them.
don't want
12
There wasn't any
late,
11
10
else
will be there,
You had a good time,

You haven't done that yet,
You had to leave early,
'
No,
working,
Bill aren't
You
ride to
Yes, he does.
Chicago, doesn't he?
Harold and
YeSy she can.
work on the subway, but Mr. Green

Almost everyone had a good time last night, but Mary
Daniel Soto can't work on Saturday morning, but Ralph
184
ANSWER PRESUMING QUESTIONS
gEVIEW?
don't have to do
it
exercises,
now,
?
?
Bill put sugar in his coSet,
raining now,
It
isn't
The men have
returned already,
later this week.:
121
it
doesn't.
REVIEW; USING QUESTION
185
Ask
a question about the italicized part of each sentence.
words where, why, how, how much^

Bill lives in
It is fifteen feet
They
How
wide.
wide
Bill live?
to the
bank
Everyone that I met at the party congratulated me.
That was the
Is this
Martha can borrow
Mr. Meyer seems
The one
[2
Mr. Brown dictated
13
We
should meet the Browns at the Lincoln Hotel,
14
The
yearly report
middle belongs
in the
to
that letter to Miss
Adams.
15
Those fellows are talking about the announcement.
16
Mrs. Ford had
to
go
to the store to get
some
17
Betty forgot to bring her dictionary to
They're going to stay in Cuba for two months.
19
The word
20
That
21
We
is
means
can't
Piit
go tonight because we have
to study,
The
24
Accidents must be reported to the police immediately.
25
My
26
27
We
28
You
should study English to improve his pronunciation,

president sent his reply to our secretary.
English class usually begins at eight-thirty.

for a
new summer
suit
and
hat.
shouldn't say that because
it's
not polite,
Mr. Adams frequently goes to New York on business.

Examples of that can be found almost everywhere,
31
You
That
have to register tomorrow at ten

usually
34
They need
very
little
trip.
help in order to finish the job.
122
walking with Fred
is
my
in
class.
who had stolen the money,

man whose name you mentioned,
didn't
remember the
which came
my
to
mind,
the river that flows through that town very large?
The actor that played that role comes from England.

The program that we listened to wasn't very good.
Have you seen the house which is being built next door?
brackets
The
187
around the dependent adjective
dress [which
liked the best]
clause.
was too expensive.
Fred lives in the house that you saw on the corner.
The
The man who stole the money has been caught.

Did you mail the two letters that were on my desk?
flowers which you gave
book
tried to read every
me
are in that vase.
that the teacher
recommended,
They accepted every suggestion which we made.

The man whose wife you met teaches at that university.
That car which John bought
^1
done by a
different method,
Mrs. Anderson bought a winter coat for her
borrowed from Tom,
>^
o'clock,
33
is
already been sold.
^^
have to have your reply before next Tuesday,
30
32
Is
"2
He
29
12
briefcase,
shop
is
us was very reliable.
RECOGNIZING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
22
to
who
11
15
class.
23
plan
student
mail?
police caught the thief
I said the first thing
14
''insane'' or ''psychotic,''
Mr. Anderson's new
to
sugar,
18
"crazy"
The
The
book which
lost the
He
13
was prepared by those two men,
have
10
Mr. Wilson.
11
wanted me
better this morning.
about four hundred miles to Philadelphia.
It's
the letter that you
that I've seen this year,
10
movie
is
much
best
reading
The fellow whom you recommended to

The house which you liked so well has
Virginians bicycle tomorrow.
to feel
(2) Indicate the
very interesting.
The book which
to cash this check.
am
are going to leave on the twelfth of fuly,
must go
15^
verb for the entire sentence.

(1) Indicate the simple subject and
clause,
simple subject and verb of the italicized dependent
the interrogative
is it?
The bridge across the river is near that factory,

The whole trip takes about an hour and a half,
The four packages will be sent hy registered mail,
INTRODUCTION TO ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
etc.
Where does
Pasadena.
Use
WORDS
The
story that he told
whom
That's the girl
Who
Here's the book which
The house
me
is
at least ten years old.
can't possibly
Fred and
Tom
be
are those students that are talking to
that
Mr. Wilson
is
mentioned
live in is
to
true.
were talking about.
Tom.?
you yesterday.
on East Lincoln Avenue.
the kind of person that gets results quickly.
123
188
THE CONNECTING
Select tt/^^,
tvhose,^ or w^/f^ for the blank in each sentence.
brackets around the adjective clause.
tt^/?^/;?,
WORDS
Then
The book
we are reading now is very interesting.
The book [which we are reading now] is very interesting.
The fellow
is walking with Tom is in my class.
The assignment
we did yesterday was quite easy.
The man
you just met is a very famous writer.
The rumor
we heard yesterday is not true.
He's the kind of person
We
2
3
met
The police caught

9 The new model,
10 He's the man
11
The box in
12 The house
13 The teacher about
14 The subject
15
man
come
has just
out,
is
the best so far.
That young couple got the money from
Mr. Kennedy has invested
is
located on this street.
my
teacher last year.
10
you wrote about interested everyone.

assists hospitals.
WORD THM
who, whom, or which. Then put brackets around?
came
in the mail,
came
^^ w'-
in the mail].
The book that I'm using belongs to the teacher.

The person that told it to me knows the mayor well.
said the first thing that occurred to him.
The
The
9
10
11
12
He
that tries to maintain high ideals
the package that you wanted
custom that
is
doctor that he
me
to take.?
quite difficult to explain.
recommended was very competent.
lesson that we're studying seems quite easy.

said something that everyone should remember.
She doesn't know the person that they mentioned.

The part that is the most difficult for me is this
one.
13
He
14
The one
is
the
man
that
sister
Alice wants
is
brown and
yellow,
most of
friend devotes
Miss Cunningham
and bonds.
is
in
his
time to studying
English.
Dominican Republic.
the
shopping for a spring
coat.
four salesmen report to Mr. Johnson once a week.
11
The
12
Mr. Wilson's secretary put the
letters
the
in
first
drawer.
chairman objected to our suggestion at the conference.
13
The
14
Mr. Andrew's son
15
My
16
The men should
17
Mr. Gregory
is
studying medicine
Columbia University.
at
secretary addressed the letter to the Jiffy
my
Company.
connect the rope to the post in the middle.
employed by the A. B.C. Supply Company.

money in the First People's Savings Bank.
is
18
19
Miss Stewart sent the memorandum
20
We
21
Mr. Phillips
22
Everybody was very excited about the president's announcement,
23
You
24
25
keep
to
Mr. Green's
office.
stayed the longest time in Brazil and Venezuela.

insisted
on a change
in
methods very
strongly.
can cover the opening with a piece of metal to protect
confused
this
word with
the
it.
word ''imminent''
insurance agent should give the report to Mr.
Burke.
treasurer explained the plan to the hoard
of directors.
27
The
The
The
students had the most trouble with the
part of the lessorr.
^^
You
should submit your application to
26
^5 Those
that will take care of the matter.
my
in stocks
is
*"
He
money
Maria Perez was born
the package that
It^s
his
their parents.
lives in
she spoke was
..,.
the package [which
are waiting for their friends.
Tom's
is
Is this
to
is
Mr. Wilson yesterday morning.

Whom did the men speak to yesterday morning?
To whom did the men speak yesterday morning?
The men spoke
Smith
About what are those two fellows talking?
That
man
(b)
are those
she put the gift was very attractive.
That
admire a
What
Thomas and Frank
the adjective clause.

1
two fellows talking about?
(a)
installed our electrical equipment.
that to
are talking about the election,
on page one hundred and sixty.

That difficult exercise
The teacher talked about clauses in class this morning.
THE CONNECTING
word
Those two fellows
(a)
had stolen the jewels.
189
the italicized
very unusual.
Miss Fox belongs to an organization
Change
(b)
name was
the
^rite a question about the italicized part of each sentence. Write the question in the
Notice the position of the preposition.
two ways indicated in examples (a) and (b).
gets results quickly.
woman
pu^
190
PREPOSITIONS IN QUESTIONS
^^
me
first
after the interview.
about the amount of noise.

Mr. Smith and Mr. Wilson were arguing about the annual report,
people complained to
me
124
125
WORD
THE
191
Change who, whom,
whkh
or
to that.
Make any
THAT IN CLAUSES
other necessary changes. Study
the examples carefully. Notice the position of the preposition in the stcon^ example.
The house which
The house
The
the Slaters bought
that the Slaters bought
subject
about which
is
is
very small.
Sabine
Moore wrote
(a)
The subject that Professor Moore tvrote about is interesting.

The movie which we saw last night wasn't very exciting.
4 That fellow is the mechanic who fixed Smith's car.
The speaker to whom we listened mentioned that matter.
5
6 The woman about whom you were talking is here now.
The car which Bill bought from Mr. Smith cost only $800.
7
The apartment in which we live is on the twelfth floor.
8
The
man who called today left this message for you.
9
LO
The paper with which you wrapped the gifts was very pretty,
11
The man about whom Alice spoke teaches English here.
12
The picture which Bob took last week turned out quite well.
13
The person to whom Mr. Green wrote answered his questions.
as
CLAUSES WITHOUT CONNECTING
WORDS
(1)
Copy the sentences. If possible, eliminate the words tvho, whom, which or that.
In some cases, the connecting word can not be eliminated. Study
the examples.
Notice the position of the preposition in the second example.
1
The church which we visited last Sunday was beautiful.

The church we visited last Sunday was beautiful.
The house in which Mr. Thompson lives is on the corner.
The house Mr. Thompson
on the
lives in is
The camera that Fred bought from Bill was expensive.

Have you read the postcard which the Browns sent us?
Here's the book about which you and
The part of the lesson that's the most difficult is this one.
The man who owns that store knows me very well.
The women whom you met at the party are all nurses.
The accident which Tom and I saw happened late last night.
9
10
11
12
13
The
The
house that
is
all
are in the
of
all
is
Professor Moore.
same groups with you

126
12
13
the details*
being built on Cass Street will be quite large:

like the best
were talking yesterday.
fellow that told us about the situation knows
The teacher that

The people who
10
corner.
will help you.
two examples. Use
an adjective clause.
Those boys
are brothers.
(a)
The
lesson wasn't easy.
(b)
We
did the lesson yesterday.
The
lesson which
(a)
We
know
(b)
The man wrote
(a)
The
(b)
He
(a)
(b)
The
(a)
Is this
(b)
You wanted me
(a)
The
(b)
He knows
(a)
(b)
He put the marker in the

He was reading the book.
(a)
The mechanic found
(b)
We
(a)
(b)
The
telegram had just arrived.
(a)
She
tried to
(b)
She had learned the rule last week.
(a)
(b)
The
The
(a)
Did you buy
(b)
You
192
first
together.
(b) Those boys are walking
brothers.
Those boys who are walking together are
interesting.
is
in the
sentences (a) and (b) as indicated
tence (b)
very smalL
Professor
193
USING CLAUSES IN SENTENCES
^4
man
the
yesterday wasn*( easy.
very well.
that book.
car formerly belonged to
me.
driving the car now.
is
spoke to the professor yesterday,

professor teaches that subject.
the letter?
to deliver the letter.
students are
all in this class,
the students.
book.
the difficulty,
hired the mechanic.
handed the telegram
remember
You
to the
man.
the rule.
lady will give you a package.

lady works in the
looked
(a) That fellow
(b)
we did
spoke
book department,
that suit?
at that suit first.
is
a well-known poet.
to that fellow.
127
which
sen-
WRITING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Add
an adjective clause
to
That was the
first
was very
used to
Is
that the
ye^p
at the
The
11
Did you read
12
We
14
15
Mr. Burke
is
the
The excuse which
17
Frank Wilson, who
A man who
20
21
Have you
The only
22
Professor A. G. Moore,
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
returned from Boston yesterday,
was
seem very believable
didn't
will be at the
thing that
to
will be our guest.
was very unusual,
left
several years ago,
him
in a
belongs to the
the
That's the building which
was
Did
is
substituting for
Mr. Moore
firm repaired the boats which were
the
the
book
man
that
was recommended
is
from Ohio,
damaged during the

to
storm.
you by Mr. Harris?
that was appointed by the committee accept the job?
196
NOUNS
Use the correct participial form of the verb in parentheses

$pace. Study the first two examples carefully.
blank
in the
students will study the following words.
{follow)
{break)
The
The
{import)
That company
sells
water flowed over the edge of the sink.
carpenter will repair the broken chair.
merchandise.
only
{run)
The
{dance)
Miss Peters attended a
{assume)
{exist)
Many famous
The
school last year.
man
friend.
that
same one which

and whom
authors write books under

buildings will be torn
names.
down next
year.
built a long time ago.
.*\
jewelry yesterday.
{swing)
10
{accuse)
{lead)
The police recovered the

doors in those rooms.
The carpenter installed
man guilty.
The judge and jury found the
actor in that play is also a director.
The
12
{steal)
work!
{tire)
That was
13
{tire)
The
14
{freeze)
That big grocery
15
{freeze)
The temperature went below
certainly
workers sat
down
to rest for a minute.
...
who
128
bad mood.
about turned out to be an old
is
Is this
who
Mr, Howell's brother.
is
house which
who
was taken
in
He's a fellow
envelope,
building that
one which
12
teacher
owned by Mr. Brown.
situation that
message that
11
The
The
the house which was formerly
PARTICIPLES BEFORE
'
company which
was a brown
people that
fellow that
They bought
by the agency will come tomorrow.
man who was recommended
too.
seldom very popular.
There was something about the

The photograph of her which
children.
who
whom
meeting
all
13
us.
which
best
ever been employed by a
to
to
known by almost
10
who
is
his brother.
is
his strange manners,
is
or her friend.
fellow
The answer that is usually given to this question is inadequate.

The message which was delivered by them solved the mystery.
Have you seen the house that is being built next to ours?
one.
gift that
girl
third
is
seldom enjoy talking
The
The
The
The
The
The
That's a book which
offers scholarships every year.
That book was one of the
The
woman whom
19
23
always speaks very highly of him.
was the
two
first
that desk belonged to me.
walking with Edward
The
the kind of person
16
who
the magazine article which
didn't
The book taken from
brilliant.
has a very interesting history.
organization which
know
The fellow who
The thing which
18
was very
meeting
Study the
adjective phrase.
accountant.
The man who is talking to Mr. Wilson is the
The man talking to Mr. Wilson is the accountant.
me.
The book which was taken from that desk belonged to
1
us.
same fellow who
10
13
difficult.
next door to
thing which
The principal speaker whom

5
6 The house which
Everyone who
7
8 The part which
9
live
I?*
Shorten the adjective clause to an

examples carefully.
each sentence at the indicated point.
The lesson which

The man who
Have you read the book which
USI NG ADJECTIVE PHRASES
194
store sells a lot of
129
the
food.
point last night.
197
INTRODUCTION TO
NOUN
CLAUSES
NOUN
(1) Indicate the simple subject and verb for the entire sentence. (2) Indicate
the
simple subject and verb for the dependent noun clause in
italics.
Indicate
His secretary
Do
he was very busy,
said that
sLple
CLAUSES WITH QUESTION
for the entire sentence and (2) the

the simple subject and verb
noun clause. Study the word order
italicized
subject and verb for the
(1)
carefully.
you think that they will agree with us?

don't suppose that he intends to return until
Mr, Meyer knows what that word means.

tried to guess what was in the packages.
I
We
Do
At
6
1
guess that he doesn't plan to go with his friends.

He admitted that he had enjoyed it a great deal,
know who gave him the birthday gift?

We asked Miss Brown why she didn't like it.
Prank lied to them about it.
I can*t understand why
Did she mention
The man
iinaliy
He
found out where the books were kepi.

gone?
Didn't your friend know where everyone had
We
imagine when the Hansons intend to return.
you realize that nobody

that time,
else agrees
believed that I
knew
later.
with you?
the answer.
had already spoken
that she
stated that he
would
to
him?
refuse their offer.
didn't tell
Does
them who had written the
11
10
Did you ask John when
12
We didn't
11
them that we couldn't go.

I finally convinced him that he was
wrong.
Please remind her that she has an appointment.
13
14
15
had
to
tell
12
198
RECOGNIZING
Put brackets
NOUN
CLAUSES
around the dependent noun clause in each sentence.

Then rewrite
the sentence and omit the word that at the
beginning of the dependent
[
don't think [that
don't think I can go tomorrow.
My
Everybody believes that Smith will be chosen.

I presume that you didn't like
that movie.
Have you heard that John has a new car?
teacher says that the ttst will be
We
He
you which books will be used next year.

Have you decided which one of them you want to buy?
can't tell
countries they
didn't
know
that
guess that she hasn^t heard the news
Miss Peters didn't say whether she had finished
NOUN CLAUSES
will be at the meeting tonight.
200
10
He
11
At the
12
Remember
13
He
14
Mr. Anderson thought
moment,
that
decided that
we have
didn't notice that his
couldn't go.
by 10:00 p.m.
sleeve was torn.
we
didn^t
130
Alice said
Mr. Anderson knows
All the
enjoyed the novel which you lent to
can't
know about
it
men who
told
Identify the
Study the examples.
(noun clause)
you the news.
attended the class were doctors.
told
me
me
week.
last
about
it.
walking with Mr. Brown
you know the man who is

We didn't know who had suggested that plan
I don't know the fellow that you mentioned
Do
told
15
who
remember what you
gave Martha the
14
is
was too expensive],
13
it
{that
10
12
to leave
that
[^t
sentence.
(adjective clause)
pretty,
The
pretended that he had understood everything.
hat you bought']
hopes that they will accept his application.

The man denied that he had stolen the money.
last
hat
or not.
it
vs ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
each
Put brackets [ ] around the dependent clause
dependent clause as an adjective clause or a noun clause.
yet.
visited.
15
difficult.
he had enough money.
had
14
can go tomorrow].
clause,
Cuba?
he's going to leave for
noun
can't
They didn't mention what

Mr. Fox doesn't know who
13
promise Mr. Johnson that I would help him.
letter.
Bill
Don't forget that you have to leave before noon.

Let's assume that it's going to be expensive.
10
199
WORDS
Martha
letters
that
to
last
them,
night.
wanted her to mail.
that she should mail
them
right away.
The postcard they sent us had been mailed early last week.
Have you seen the pictures Bill took several days ago?
Mr. Kent's secretary said he had already left for Chicago.
The part of the lesson that's most difficult for me is this one.
131
WHAT
201
Choose
u^hat or
which for the blank
v$
WHICH
CLAUSES
IN
2
3
don't recall the story
don't recall
the teacher taught us today?
the part
the teacher discussed?
you are talking about.

has a surprise ending.
Our friend didn't tell us

Mr. Foster had
The used car
John bought last week has
Can you tell the students
the population
That's the house

I
11
Smith didn't reveal
12
gave Helen the boxes
13
told
14
15
16
said to her.
good motor*
of Cuba is?
the Millers were talking about.
10
always read every book
the teacher recommends.
he had discussed with the director
Helen
wanted her
to deliver for
me,
she should do with the two boxes.
Fred repeated the same things

Did Martha buy the one
Martha didn't mention
202
(2)
$800 for the car he bought from Edward,

Howard told us that the car was in perfect condition,
Bill paid
you said about the story yesterday.
THAT IN CLAUSES
beginning of the
word
Copy each sentence, and if possible, omit the
not be omitted.
can
that
word
connecting
dependent clause. In some cases, the
126.
page
on
Review Exercises 191 and 192
Edward.
Bill paid $800 for the car that he bought from
1
in each sentence.
always enjoy a story
WORD
that at the
(PART ONE)
Did you understand
Did you understand
THi
you had already told me.

she liked the best of all?
the price of the dress was.
that costs
can't afford a car
Please
No
remember
that
one was hurt
much more than $650,
we must get
to the office before
in the accident that
Please
This
tell
us
How
10
Doesn't Alice realize that
11
12
know
Do you know
I
i%
tried
to
recommend
didn't
we
don't agree with
do everything
the fellow that
Did Mr. Wilson
tell
you
happened
have several books
That's something
Betty forgot to ask Jim
The
we
read the article
owns the house next
Did you
15
Yes.
notice the typewriter that they bought for the office?
also noticed that the typewriter
all
at the conference?
try
to
remember.
to
very
203
{2)
possible, omit the italicized connecting
In
some
cases, the
noise.
little
connecting
word.
Make any
word can not be
omitted.
The
lesson which
we
studied in class today
was
difficult.
studied in class today was difficult,
The lesson we
The man to whom you should speak is Mr. Kennedy.
The man you should speak to is Mr. Kennedy.
Did your
We
read this week.
me.
friend mention
what
his
father
had
said to
him?
(The connecting word what can not be omitted.)

tried to follow the instructions which Tom had given
us.
They have already decided which one they're going to buy.

The doctor to whom I went last week specializes in surgery.
Try to temember what your teacher said about this exercise.
The lawyer who handles our legal problems mentioned that.
^ The part with which I had the most difficulty is that one.
y^ Would you please explain why you didn't finish all of the work.
5
studied yesterday was quite
11
Do
you know
12
It's
very difficult to find the things
remember
if
made
do.
to
to theirs?
13
he had done the previous week,
10
can't
to
you recommended
we
lesson
hope
should
me
that house.
14
do.
you wanted
night.
Mr. Miller admitted that he had never met his neighbor.
to
fault.
last
her?
Mr. and Mrs. Miller owned
that
Copy each sentence, and
for you
at
to
did you like the actor that played the leading role?
Other necessary changes.
you think about our suggestion.
saw today.
was quite unusual.
The accident that happened

The police have assumed that the other driver was
Don and I enjoyed the program that we listened
CUUSES WITHOUT CONNECTING WORDS
(PART TWO)
John and
at the corner
noon.
Mr. Harris
difficult.
said about the lesson.
"^
man
13
A.
14
The
15
There are few questions
is
that
man
judged by the books
teacher explained
does for a living?
you need
he reads,
there.
(proverb)
the words in the sentence meant.
do not have an answer, (proverb)

132
What's the name of the song which those
No
one here knew
the
man who
133
girls
are singing?
delivered those packages.
USING CONNECTING WORDS CORRECTLY
204
Add
connecting words {which who,

,
The man is
The gloves
Lots of students don't
Please
No
The
We
I
were not
know
my
best ones.
the Island of Majorca
is
try to
my
remember you did with
located.
1
me these steaks usually

man we weren't going to
butcher sold
assured the
wonder
director's offer.
has very good meat.

bother him in the
least.
11
12
At
13
Walter Burns, spoke
14
Professor Moore, our English teacher, has written two textbooks.
15
Almost everyone believed
16
23
The fellow you spoke to at the convention is a good friend of mine.

The letter the mailman delivered today was from Mrs. Anderson.
Have you heard is coming to stay with us for a week or two?
They're coming to visit us. We don't know they are coming.
The student wrote these two papers made a lot of mistakes.
Without any hesitation, the man denied the policeman's accusation.
The evening newspaper reported it would be quite cold tomorrow.
American football, is unknown in Chile, attracts many spectators.
24
Jefferson,
25
Can you
26
That
27
28
The
29
30
The
31
the last
moment,
found
would be unable
would
to you last night,
Where
I
(a)
When
(b)
4 (a)
>x (b)
(a)
to help the men,
(b)
like to join the club.
6 (a)
(b)
^
17
18
19
20
21
22
32
33
34
tall
was president from 1801

tell
me
to
7 (a)
(b)
fellow reminds
me
of
report Mr. Johnson
is
my
knew
my
the
'1
(a)
-2
is
works
for the
is
the guests
mil
arrive.
Frank going to eat lunch?
know where
going to eat lunch,
When should we tell them the news?
I don't know when
tell them the news,
What are they laughing about?
I don't know what
laughing about.
Where will you spend your vacation?
I don't know where
spend my vacation.
What country is Pierre from?
I
don't know what country
from.
I
don't
dependent clause
WORDS
206
(2)
answer.
When
(a)
Ajax Company*
The Ajax Company,

The Ajax Company, a branch of EXCO, Inc., was founded in 19^%
The student lent you his book speaks both Italian and Spanish,
the
(a)
4 (a)
>
in
(!>)
6 (a)
(b)
know when Louise wrote
that letter.
does George usually eat his lunch?
know where G)rge usually

his lunch.
How much does that typewriter cost?
I
don't know how much that typewriter
Where did Mary go during her vacation?
I don't know where Mary
during her vacation.
I
don't
What
I
:'(a)
lives.
did Louise write that letter?
don't
Where
exports metal products, employs 92 workers.
134
know when
Where does Mr. Anderson live?

I don't know where Mr. Anderson
- (b)
plans.
writing must be finished before Friday.
talking to Mr. Berg
will the guests arrive?
don't
Where
instructor teaches that class teaches another section at night.
man
working now.
is
)in
imagine they're going to invite to the reception party.
think the
William working now?
know where William
Read the question (a) carefully. Then eliminate the auxiliary verb do, does,
ot did and use the simple present or simple past form of the verb in the answer
*(b). Notice the difference between the form of the verb
the question and
a long time ago.
boss about
is
VERBS AFTER QUESTION
1809, was also a writer.
someone
don't
dependent clause.
the janitor locked all of the doors so early?
didn't mention anything at all to
can't
would be won by Mr. Doe.
the election
for a
(b)
(b)
word
(a)
3 (a)
Are they Mr. Meyer's?
books and papers these are.
The girl you see at the rear door of the office is Miss Peters,
Can you suggest someone can give me some advice in this matter?
10
connecting
books and notes.
one knew Mr. Hart had already accepted the
205
(I)
Kead each question (a)
by the door takes care of requests for catalogs.
lost at school yesterday
WORDS
carefully. Then put the subject and auxiliary verb in

the correct order in the answer (b). Notice the difference in word order in (a)
and (b). Also notice that the question word in each answer (b) is also the
to these sentences only if necessary.
asked the clerk about the price of the camera in the window.
sitting
that, etc.)
VERBS AFTER QUESTION
does Mr. Smith do for a living?
don't
When
I
don't
know what Mr. Smith
for a living.
did the mailman deliver the letter?
know when
the
mailman
135
the
letter.
DIRECT QUESTiONS vs
207
NOUN
CLAUSES
SEQUENCE: THE
Finish the sentence at the right with a noun clause based on the preceding direct
question. Study examples 1 through 4. Keep the same tense throughout.
Where
Why
Who
When
will
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Why
Why
Why
Who
Who
Who
return?
Charles going?
is
does Fred live?
When
When
Tom
did
Where
6 Where
man?
that
is
she leave?
did
did
they
arrive?
are they leaving?
were you absent?

didn't
you return?
did you buy
it?
fellow?
is
that tall
is
doing the work?
wrote
Whom
Whom
did
him where he
Let's ask
he be?
Do
lejt?
know who
man
don't
Do
Please explain
Please
Can you
find out
paper?
Can you
they
invite?
can't
would
speak to?
Whose house is that?

Whose book did he use?
What happened to you?
What is he talking about?
What does the word mean?
What do you call that?

What did she ask them?
What country is he from?
What cities did you visit?
tell
me
imagine
like to
tell
me
you remember
ask Carlos
Let's
Please
tell
..?
My
The newspaper
-4
-^
Fred thinks the students are talking to the teacher.
He
That
remember
-^^
Can you
says the
the clerk
tell
members
article says
think
it
are
Harvard.
discussing that matter now.
rains a great deal in that country.
Mr. Meyer
is
working on
his English assignment.
10
Mr. Jackson says he usually works
11
think that Professor
Qiange the
italicized verb in
she reports to she reported)
me
Duncan
is
thirty-five
hours a week.
writing another book this year.
(first
each sentence to the simple past tense
Then change
example: she has spoken
had forgotten)
209
to
Study the
(example:
the following verb to the perfect past
she had spoken; second example: she

first
two sentences
The foreman
The foreman
........
-"^
--''
Mr. Kirby claims that he spoke
carefully.
says the
said the
Bill says
he forgot to buy a new dictionary
The newspaper
hear that your friend
remember
'
^
^
^
last
week.
Their boss reports that they have had no trouble with the machine.
^^
to those people.
men have done the work already.

men had done the work already,
think that Carlos has never seen the Empire State Building.
assume that you had no
We
difficulty
with that lesson yesterday.
reports that there have been several
"^
-^^
to those people.
Mr. Kirby claimed that he had spoken
'4
-^,
doesn't
that professor teaches at
-^
us
remember
tell
absolutely nothing to worry about.
is
article says
The man will explain

Can you guess
Ask the manager
He
friend believes there
--^
How does it work?

How old is Mr. Wilson?
How much does it cost?
How much did it cost?
How do you say this?
Please
that they always study their lessons very carefully.
tense
Don't you know

don't
know
-?
Which one is Brown's?

Which one does he want?
Which do you prefer?
writing letters to his friends.
is
said Frank was writing letters to his friends!
forgot to she
Can you guess

Can you tell me
I really don't know
Do
says Frank
SEQUENCE: THE PERFECT PAST TENSE
"""^
you
Tom
Tom
,?
know
wonder
Wont
think
thought Robert needed some money right away.
..-.
Can't you ask somebody

I
,?
know
don't
me
tell
Robert needs some money right away.
can't understand
carefully,
you
them
Let's ask
this
should
two sentences
is,
you remember
can't tell
first
know
don't
208
(example:
he says to he said). Then change the following verb to the simple past tense or
the continuous past tense (example: he is talking to he was talking). Study the
me when Tom returned,
Ple^LScttll
I
thai
PAST TENSES
the italicized verb in each sentence to the simple past tense
Change
will be,
you know why she
TWO
fell
on some steps and broke
suspect that
know my
his
storms.
arm.
wind blew very hard the week before

Dr. Gray has heard the news already.
that the
Walter says that he won twenty-five dollars on

I
bad
last.
that election bet.
friends haven't received any letters from Robert.
Our neighbors
say the water in their
136
137
pond
froze very quickly.
SEQUENCE: THE AUXILIARIES
210
Change the italicized verb to the simple past tense. Then change the following
Study
verb in order to keep the same time relationship between the two verbs.
the
1
hwe examples
first
Dr. Gray says he will
Monday or Tuesday.
next Monday or Tuesday.
Dr.
Gray said he would return
We
regret that
we can stay only fifteen minutes longer.

We regretted that we could stay only fifteen minutes longer.
Mr. Thompson thinks we should go to the meeting tomorrow.
Mr. Thompson thought we should go to the meeting tomorrow.
My
My
teacher says
ought
work harder
in
the future.
teacher said
ought to work harder
in
the future,
Adams
Miss Adams
Miss
to
must leave early tomorrow morning.
said she
had
Harold thinks he can go
to
tomorrow morning,
leave early
the movies with us tonight.
to
His secretary says he will return on the sixteenth of May,
My
friend thinks
we
should ask Mr. Fox about
it
suppose Walter will
10
11
John says you ought
finish
to
work before next
the
send the
letter
13
Mr. Harris says we must write two compositions
for
14
My
this
friend says she can't
we must
come along with us
drive so fast to get there
tomorrow.
regret that
16
think they will be able to return
17
His
18
Mr. Macris says he can pay back
19
Miss Fox thinks we ought
20
21
Everyone anticipates that we won't succeed
22
Do
23
25
Of course, I regret that I can't help my friend financially.

The evening paper says the weather will be cloudy tomorrow.
Mr. Simmons says I should ask my boss for a day off.
26
presume that
you
recall
think that
27
No
28
The policeman
you should
all
to invite
we'll have to
who
tell
of the
has to stay in the
to
we must
appear
Tom
(has,
what
had) enough money
(told,
had told) her
buy
to
the
that
we
a car,
day before.
guess that our friends (haven't, hadn't) heard the good
They didn't know
time.
application.
his
news
yet.
(must^ had to) leave before ten o'clock.
12
The man admits he
13
We
assume that the man (can, could) help us with the work.
14
Our
friends asked us
15
He
had
to
promise Charles that we (will, would) help him,
senator claimed that he (agrees, agreed) with the others.
thought
Change the
;2
that time.
{has,
had) had
little
experience in that
why we (came, had come)

we (should send; should have sent) the
field.
there so early.
wire next week.
use the machine.
simple past tense.

Then change the following
same time relationship between the two verbs,
wonder what Mr. Fox
is
going
to say to
George,
wondered what Mr, Pox was going to say to George.

The newspaper says it will be cloudy and cold tomorrow.
that there were very few requests for that catalog.
James says he has
Mr. Shaw believes
^,
My
friend
Tom
to leave for
that
home
he tore
says that
just as
his sleeve
Carlos thinks he can find someone to
Does Frank
recall
who
is
soon as possible.
on a sharp
nail.
he enjoys studying grammar.
K^
'
morning-
know
.6
to leave before Friday-,
Monday
212
(2)
italicized verb to the
next Friday evening?
in court next
that
would) be over by that
would) accept
The
explain everything
to
taking care of that matter?
can't remember what my teacher said about that sentence.

Everyone assumes that the work will be finished very soon.
I
We
suspect that Mr. Kelly has already spoken to the director.
No
one can anticipate exactly what the director will do.
The
^
says
know
leave.?
to
11
it.
will have plenty of time to finish all of the work.
one believes that you can persuade him
Janet didn't recall
didn't
(will,
(will,
of the book.
was) going
We
in getting permission.
office
they
name
us.
10
to the party tomorrow.
show the men how
that
(is,
sentence.
truth about
money before
them
assumed that the meeting
.1
before next Thursday.
him the
We
Mr. Berg hopes
time.
it
verb in order to keep the
afternoon.
on
15
letter implies that
you when he
RIVIEW: SEQUENCE OF TENSES
message indicates he will be back from Chicago next week;;
The
could) not go with
that she (can,
tell
each
in
Friday.
today or tomorrow.
12
Helen regretted
from the parentheses
or words
word
Fred says that he (has, had) forgotten the
tonight,
Mr. Kahrman says he can help us now but not tomorrow.
correct
Did the man
says she
the
211
(1)
next
return
24
Select
carefully.
REVIEW: SEQUENCE OF TENSES
we must study hard for the test.

know when Mr. and Mrs. Miller arrived.
teacher says that
Elizabeth wants
to,
138
139
us.
Add
Complete the sentence
Then
We
We
happy (that) Charles can come with us after alL

were happy (that) Ch^trles could come with us after
(that)
strange
had a good time up
that felhu; doesn't try to find a
was strange (that)
It
the guests have
was delighted (that) the guests had had a good time up
It is
and
Bill
Everyone
It
sorry
is
The boys
We
It
wonderful
is
10
Of
course,
11
No
one
job.
Why
Who
When
(that)
ready?
it
man?
that
is
are they leaving?
Didn't he
When
Why
can they come?
was he absent?
14
What docs she want?

Which one is hers?
When should we leave?
How much does it cost?
15
How
;>
far
it?
is
Whom
When
did she arrive?
tense
18
What
are
parentheses indicate the use of the connecting

optional (unless the connecting word is also the subject of the clause).
19
How
20
Where
21
What
did
22
Why
didn't
My
Can you
app^-opriate clause.
The
boss always says
(that)
me why
tell
Everyone was positive
(thai^j
My
(that)
friends
really didn't
Isn't
it
think
The
All the students assume
Have you
teacher
10
Don
11
It's
suspected
forgotten
couldn't
(th^xt)
whic^h
14
Of
really can't imagine
course,
we were
-K
Didnt she mention

I
remember
couldn't
Brown
didn't
say
Did she ask him

I
forgot
couldn't
ask
to
Ed
decide
Did she mention
We
wondered
Everyone asked him

Couldn't she guess
-j
(that)
140
Ed
tell
her?
he return?
didn't
No
recall
one knew
me
^6
Where does
What does
27
Who
^8
What has happened?

Where will he buy it?
They couldn't
Who
Didn't Harry
^
^^
?2
why
pleased
them
didn't ask
Did he explain
25
..-?
'
(that)
13
it?
you
tell
Who
29
Didn't anyone believe what
he do
he from?
know
Where can
(that)
12
doing?
didn't
23
.,
who
remember
quite probable
(that)
they
will
is
call?
couldn't imagine
24
,.
know what
quite peculiar
should
,,
all
Follow the rule for
asked them
Bill
He
will help us?
16
carefully.
didn't
Who
13
aware (that)
is
she go?
did
isn't
know where he would be.

Did you ask Ed when she had gone?
He explained why it wasn't ready.
I wondered who that man was.
I
10
(that)
he be?
will
11
disappointed
at
What did he find?

Whose book is that?
noun clause based on the preceding
17
relationships
good
WRITING CLAUSES
When
12
Complete each sentence with an
job.
(thczt)
Bob's friends are surprised
is
214
word
good
(that)
group
in the
to then.
(that)
am
Where
now.
(that)
happy
are very
to
(that)
ashamed
are
all.
(that)
are sure
that fellow didn't try to find a
very interesting
is
12
(that)
215
(2)
Change
direct question.
are
I'm delighted
CLAUSES
the right with a

the tense of the verb in the clause in accordance with
Add the correct punctuation (period or question
the rule for sequence of tenses.
Stady the first four examples carefully.
jnark) at the end oi each sentence.
a dependent clause after the adjective or participle in each sentence

(2) change the principal verb (italicized) to the simple past tense, and
change the verb in the dependent clause in accordance with the rule for sequence
Study the first three examples carefully.
of tenses.
Review Exercise 169 on
page 111 before writing this exercise,
(1)
NOUN
DIRECT QUESTIONS vs
CLAUSES AFTER ADJECTIVES OR PARTICIPLES
213
gtt it?
wrote that
is
is
article?
she live?
it
mean?
that tall
man?
doing the work?
Whose book did she use?

What countries did he visit?
Whom should we speak to?
Fred
told
Did she remember
They
He
didn't
asked
know
the
teacher
Did she mention
We
tell
didn't ask
us
him
know
Helen didn't mentic)n

Mr. Brown told us
Did you ask him

141
216
WORDS SAY AND
THE
Write the correct form of say or te/i

and tell in the first four examples.
blank space.
in each
Mr, Brown said that he had been too busy
Mr. Brown said
to his wife,
Mr. Brown told
his wife that
"I will return in an hour or two,"
Mr. Meyer
Mr. Meyer
is
He
'that
My
John
that he
Study the use of say
that meeting."
to
would describe
he had enjoyed the trip
me
to
his
me,
that he
"My
George remarked, "I
the train station."
13
Bill's
14
We
15
Yesterday
16
"I really should have
17
*'Alice
18
Don't
anything about what Fred has just
what
exactly
the announcement.
them
everyone
about that matter
lie
last week,'*
I
I
21
Fred didn't
22
"ril
23
Fred's friend
24
"Fred
25
Actually,
26
"
something in English," Betty
27
"You
28
Tom
29
Mary
30
"Don't
31
that
hadn't
quickly, "Don't worry.
why he had
you
didn*t
the
word
to
didn't
me
unhappily,
stand there,"
him
to
that
it
"I'll
was not
nice to
when he intended
to his
friends.
anything
you
study hard for the
test,"
repeated.
the teacher informed us.
218
(2)
direct speech in each sentence to indirect speech.
the verb ask in place of the verb say in the second example.
the
1
mark
question
"Where
did you put
my
Martha asked me where

2
Mr, Farrell
Notice the use of

Study the use of
carefully,
said,
"How
Mr, Farrell asked
how
hat and gloves?" Martha asked me.
had put her hat and gloves,
soon can you pay back the money?"
soon we could pay back the money.
Wang
me
The agent said, "When do you plan to leave for South America?"
The woman asked me, "Where can I find the director's office?"
Fred said to me, "What will you offer me for this camera?"
"When must
that story again!"
Mr. Johnson asked Mary,
something!"
"What kind
the news.
Pierre.
frankly.
"
about his plans
you about
my
plans.
Doris
y^ "How
well does Miss
said,
speak English?" the teacher asked.
turn in this report?" the treasurer asked.
"How
soon can you finish the letters?"
my friend Betty asked me.

my plans to the other girls?"
of suit did you buy?"
"Why
should
reveal
long ago did you make the reservation?" the clerk asked
^2
Father asked,
^5
The
"Who
gave you
student said to the teacher,
us.
for it?"
of the money to pay

"What does the word outfit mean?"
all
143
142
man
"How
us about his plans.
to
improve very quickly," the doctor said to me.
not been possible to do that so far," the
DIRECT vs INDIRECT SPEECH
too."
things like that.
to
us what he intended to
to us, "I can't
all/*
friends.
a story.
to
recently."
two thousand dollars," Mr. Brown added.
to
angrily.
"You must
own
to
never
12
will
much
that time."
with a smile.
Alice
Mary
11
"It has
to anyone.
it
correctly," Betty
the children had asked
"Your health
said.
work by
have been smoking too
entire trip cost us
Change the
his
Fred had already
didn't
10
you.
anything at
haven't
didn't he?"
that,
else.
can't possibly finish the
"I
said,
Mr. Johnson
Fred
word about
already
something
"Our
later.
you a secret about that," Fred

"I have
Mr. Anderson
them anything.
the truth," Alice
secretary didn't finish the work,"
had
Bill's friend
know
those two girls quite well," Catherine said.
it?
about
have
that Alice shouldn't
19
^"^
meet,"
would
20
33
to
him about
us that his friend
we
at all."
at
everyone what his friend had
man
two lessons
"I
had
the
(that)
Charles said to me, "I have to leave the office before 3:00 p.m."
Did you
couldn't
Mr. Harris about that word."
12
friend
already.
she would ask Mr. Harris about that word.
"I can't understand those
said,
letter
should choose a better place

his friend
*1 will ask
to leave right away.
"I think
didn't
Carol told
3
me
friend said.
was planning
meet you
will
''I
Carol said to me,
my
he had written that
{that)
jriend said
France a great deal.
Bill
Ed
Ed
^d
us.
to
letter already,"
have written that
to
10
32
trip
"I
My
said.
11
just
he had to leave right away.
Mr. Brown
217
(1)
In changing to
Change the direct speech in each
carefully
(refer to Exertenses
sequence
of
for
rule
speech,
apply
the
indirect
Notice the use of the verbs say and tell in the examples.
cises 211 and 212).
Also notice the use of the comma, the period, and quotation marks.
to leave his office.
go
to
sentence to indirect speech.
the boys about his trip to France now.
friend
we
have
"I
TBLL
219
REVIEW: DIRECT vs INDIRECT SPEECH
(3)
Qiange the direct speech in each sentence to indirect speech. Use both forms
Study Exercises 215 and 216 before doing this exercise.
given in the examples.
1
"Have you seen that movie

*Roger asked us ij we had seen that movie.
*Roger asked us whether or not we had seen
Roger asked
us,
movie
that
said to her,
"Do you
asked her
she understood that lesson.
asked her whether or not she understood that lesson,
understand that lesson?"
My
"Will everyone be ready
Frank said
"Are you going
Doris said,
"Can you go
Mr. Moore
said,
"Do
to lock both of the doors?" the janitor asked.
10
"Do
friend asked me,
to
have
you enjoy your English class?"
by ten?" the driver asked.
to leave
me, "Did you give the
like
"Have you taken
amples carefully.
us.
the other two courses yet?"
if
we had
movie
that
seen
or
thai.
"Turn
My
"Don't leave your coat on the chair," Mr. Lane's wife said
left at
the corner and drive two blocks," the
friend said,
"Show me
all
said to the waitress, "Bring
"Be careful! Watch out
The speaker
said,
now and
me
"Stop
12
"Don't forget to lock
give
said to Miss Peters,
cup of black
for reckless drivers!"
"Don't forget
10
to vote for
man
all
here and
to him.
Dorothy
"Can you go
said to
John Doe!"
show me your
notes."
a prediction so soon."
did those people leave so early?"
Don, "Turn the
to the party
with
lights
on
in the living
me tomorrow?"
room."
Arthur asked
us.
to the stoplight
you plan
and then turn
left,"
the policemen directed me.
to leave for Boston?*'
my
secretary asked.
11
12
Dr. Davis
13
"Don't forget about your appointment," John's friend reminded him.
14
"I told the police the truth
about the accident," the
man
15
Mr. Shaw asked the students, "Did you enjoy your
trip
16
Where
17
"Turn
Miss Peters said
said,
to us,
"How
long will you stay in California?**
"Have you had

I
20
My
21
"Must
said to
my
aunt said
1
"Where
good time
friend,
to
"When
so far?"
me, "Put your hat and coat
will you wait for

us,
said,
25
Paul said to me,
The
"Fm
me
after
going to
me.
new
car?"
in the front closet."
Friday?" the secretary asked.
work?" Miss Stewart asked
us.
tell you a big secret about that."
"Don't deliver the box to anybody but Mr. Lucas."
"How
can
find out that girl's
teacher said to the students,

is
yesterday?"
Uncle Robert asked me.
did you buy your
finish these reports before
Father said to
said to
repeated.
end of the hour," the teacher ordered.
in your papers at the
19
*'Who
man
are those two fellows going?" the
18
^
^
"Why
make
ever taken an English course?"
has finished that part yet," the teacher said.
24 The manager
Frank urged.
to your friends afterwards.?"
to his friends afterwards,
"You can't speak to him until tomorrow."

"Will you have enough money to pay for everything?" my boss asked.
23
coffee, please."
the doors," the janitor said to the boys.
144
Fred said to me,
;22
directed.
your papers," the teacher ordered.
"Come
Martha
(4)
of the photographs.'*
me
not,
speech in each sentence to indirect speech.

Study the exBefore doing this exercise, review Exercise 176 on page 116.,
you say
said, "It's difficult to
10
asked
will
"Has your brother
said,
"When do
asked
The announcer
"Show me your driver's license," the policeman ordered.

The policeman ordered me to show him my driver's license,
The clerk said to us, "Don't come back before one o'clock.
The clerk told us not to come hack before one o^ clock,
The teacher said to us, "Write the next two exercises."
"What
what he would say
"Go
DIRECT v$ INDIRECT SPEECH

dlt^ct
Bill,
Bill
Howard asked me.
Other commonly used variations are: (a) Roger asked us

movie or not.
(b) Roger asked us whether we had seen
(c) Roger asked us whether we had seen that movie.
Change the
asked
"No one
220
my new summer dress?"

me tonight?" Bill
Review Exercises
direct speech in each sentence to indirect speech.

218 before doing this exercise.
meeting with
to the
through
Mr. Watson?"
letters to
to join that organization?"
"Do you
215
yet?"
if
Change the
221
going to help
me
"Do
all
name and address?"
of you understand this?"
with the work?"
Tom
asked the men.
'*Be sure to read the instructions carefully," the clerk advised us.
;^9
"Your strength
^V
"Do we have to turn in our homework today?" I said to Mr. .Shaw.

The student asked, "When should John and I come to your office?**
^f
will increase quite rapidly," the doctor said to
me.
^ My friends said to me, "We have known about that for a long time."
/P "Get away from those wires!" the watchman shouted at the boy.
145
USING THE GENERAL FORM OF VERBS
222
Supply an appropriate verb in the dependent clause in each sentence. Use only
form of each verb (examples: / come, you come, he come, she come;
Notice which verbs
I be, you be, he be, etc.).
Also notice that the general
introduce clauses with a verb in the general form.
form is used after these verbs regardless of their tense.
Read
this conversation carefully.
Bill:
This
even
know
the general
recommend that
will recommend
Our boss
Our boss
insisted
The policeman demanded
9
10
Mary*s boss
man
that Alice
insists that
The
He
teacher
demands
Mr. Wilson
to
that
we
word
is
also the subject of the clause).
Almost everyone thinks {fhat)
Do
Of course, I'm happy {^that)

The teacher recommended {that)
My brother doesn't know what
you
recall
Tom:
trouble with
par-
Bill:
the
friend didn't mention
it.
I
I
10
Didn't your teacher
11
believe you're right.
guarantee like that.
only 25,000 miles.
They're
12
Donald couldn't understand why

Mr. Berg's boss demanded {that)
13
Do
14
^0 see
'êll.
....
how
remember who
are practically
new. The
hope
that he doesn't
all
have any
those repairs.
is
went
A man
is
don't
know anyone who has
didn't mention that the car has
gotten
been driven
Also, the covers which are on the front seat are brand
made
of a material that can be washed.
the thing that's the
suggest
if
me
Do
we be
most important of
Bill:
Then we can
John
into the store at the
tell
is
very rare.
Bill:
be back right away.
ôm\ No,
man who
promises
Tom: Do you know
i*Jnk he
11
is
O.K.
see
is
to
walk
want
John when
Bill:
to the store
him
keeping his car?
147
course,
I
he's
going to come back here soon? I
patient and wait for
where John
Now
whether or not the car runs
end of the block.
you want
Tom: Of
all.
Let's ask
^^^âge that belongs to the people that live next door.
146
you think
the car was in perfect:
sticks to his
well the car really runs.
^^y, can you
regret {that)
it
Do
car.
that
in
convinced that John got a real bargain.
agoing to take us for a ride.
you what
me
guess he won't have any trouble after
Now Vm
.performance
when
Bill:
for his
it
Tom: Oh,
have a
told
Smith bought for
two months. Mr. Smith
Tom:
too.
new.
Everyone was disappointed {that)
didn't
car.
Mr. Smith promised John that he would pay for any necessary repairs
the next
in
My
can't
bargain.
who's as honest as Smith
still
tires that
new generator that was put in works perfectly. Also, John knows the
mechanic who fixed the motor. Frankly, I think that it was a good
you
The
city
Haven't you heard that he
to
He
Bill:
car.
suppose he will use
job.
why he wants
good condition?
in
is
condition.
where
tell
can understand
the car
Did that fellow claim {that)

I would suggest {that)
case,
WRITING CLAUSES
connecting
pay the
to
wonder why he
needed
was hired as a salesman by the Ajax Company?
the packages by messenger,'
Complete each sentence by adding an appropriate dependent clause. The

entheses indicate that the use of the connecting word is optional (unless
new
herself.
prompt with our homework.
preferred that Miss Peters
Tom:
he
that
Well,
his permit.
a letter to his senator.
223
think
the money.
that the treasurer
did he
bought Mr. Smith's old
on time every morning.
she
will suggest that everyone
12
him
When
car.
assume that he had
ready before ten o'clock.

that the
new
sales tax also.
the report next week.
we
The members proposed

I
13
suggests that
would prefer
II
didn't
you that he
told
we be careful with that machine.

that we be careful with that machine.
will propose that the president
Tom:
tell
me yesterday that he had bought it two days

know how much he paid for the car,? Bill: Well,
he said he paid $800 for it. Of course,
He
insists that
Tom
I
had bought
Bill:
it?
that the student speak to the director,
that he
Tom: Do you
earlier.
Study the use of clauses in the sentences.
the car that John bought from Mr. Smith.
is
had bought
the student speak to the director.
224
JOHN^S NEW USED CAR"
Yes, I'm sure
and meet him?
right here.
Bill:
By the
He's using the
INTRODUCTION TO ADVERB CLAUSES
225
following sentences, indicate (1) the simple subject and verb for the
entire sentence and (2) the simple subject and verb for the dependent adverb
Notice carefully how these clauses are used to show "result
clause in italics.
"place," "time," etc.
In
the
^'RBASON'*
1
2
3
SHOWING "REASON" OR "PURPOSE'
home
Since Mr,
I
Fox was
early because he
sick,
had
clause
Bill
needs some money so {that) he can buy a new
Bill
needs some money because he wants to buy a
J jnoved to the front row became
Since
to study.
would
get
right away,
it
^'RESULT"
t8
The man spoke
couldn't hear the speaker, so
moved
to the fiirst row,
didn^t
want
to
10
go home,
11
13
Ralph bought that used car although we advised him against

Although he's 63 years old, Mr. Cole is still an active man.
it,
14
row so (that)
to the front
couldn't hear the speaker,
moved
borrowed the money from him
could pay for
had
to
pay
for
my
my
books.
books.
he wouldn't forget anything.
list
forgets things, his wife usually gives
him
list.
call
Mr.
Slater
he wants
call
Mr.
Slater
you can get the information.
to talk to you.
you have changed your plans, you should
We should leave for home early

We should leave for home early
we must go
15
to the front row.
You should
You should
suit.
could hear the speaker,
Don a
Don often
new
^fe^^^
couldn't hear the speaker
Dorothy gave
suit.
borrowed ten dollars from Ed
12
ÔPPOSITION"
7
moved
so rapidly (that) I couldn*t understand him,
had such a wonderful time {that)
in
he had to cancel the appointment.
sent the letter airmail so {that) he
since, or so {that) as the connecting word for the depend ent

Study the first five examples carefully, /^j^* wor3\
each sentence.
Choose because,
OR "PURPOSE"
Carl left for
226
to
we won't be
call
tired
Mr.
Slater.
tomorrow.
Mother will be waiting for us.

work tonôrrow, we should leave for home early.
^COMPARISON"
9
10
The weather
is
There are
many
as
better today than
it
WRITING CLAUSES OF REASON OR PURPOSE
was yesterday,
'Complete these sentences with appropriate clauses of reason or purpose,
students in this class as there are in that one,
'TLACE'^
11
Would you
12
Our dog Saki usually goes wherever he wishes to go,

Wherever we went, we seemed to see very interesting
13
please put the book where
belongs.
it
Since
,;,5
"TIME"
:."7
The Browns saw
15
When
16
George and
17
Before the secretary leaves, she will put the
I visited
I
the Eiffel
Pome,
Tower when
they were in Paris.
:,8
saw the famous Coliseum.
will wait right here until
>9
"^
you get back,

letters
on your desk.
^9
// /
will give
Mr. Anderson your message
had had enough
time,
//
would have gone
see
him tomorrow*
to the
meeting with you-
home
dictionary so that
last
night because
left
the message with his secretary.
Mr. Yamanôto because
can't write to
wrote the sentence on the blackboard so
Since
would you
windows so that
..,
Please open both of the
Tm
going to borrow some money from
î^ce
like
some
my
took
got up at 6:30 this morning because
all
the books off
^
^'^
I
I
so
desk so that
you should spend more time on your

package right here so
won't be able to go with you tomorrow because
^'^^ce
I
Tom
wasn't able to help Carl with the lesson.
f
^
.-
coffee instead?
He's studying English at Purdue University because
y^?
;f
I
stayed at
my
'CONDITION"
18
Mr. Meyer
lent
We
,;-4
things.
-,2
\,/6
14
227
will put the
gave John the keys
to
my
car so that
148
149
lessons.
SHOWING
228
the blank space
Choose so or such for
"RESULT" WITH SO
each sentence.
in
AND SUCH
SHOWING "OPPOSITION" WITH ALTHOUGH
Study the exannples
Change the
carefully.
Mr. Anderson wasn't at home, so I called him at his

Mr. Anderson was so busy that he couldn't meet me.
He
is
man
such a busy
office.
1
that he really needs a secretary,
6
7
The house was
It
This coffee
Dr. Davis has so
beautiful that
a beautiful house that
was
strong that
is
10
That was
11
coffee
was too strong
12
The
The
lesson
was
13
We
have
14
15
There was
16
There were
strong coffee that

for
took a picture of
we
decided to buy
really can't drink

I
hard that
it.
didn't understand the explanation,
didn't drink it
had
was such
much food that everyone ate too much.

many guests that there wasn't enough food.
That
Mr. Moore
The food was
Mr. Wilson was
was
so
that
)"
-';;
It's
so far across the Pacific that
^K
home work to do, so

We enjoyed the music so much that
I ate so many sandwiches that
;:"p|
11
12
Steve can't bring his car tonight, so
13
Mr. Pappas speaks so rapidly that
14
didn't have
enough money,
so
for a
Z/espite his lack of education, that
That student speaks
walk
man
in the park.
has a good position.
fluently in spite of his limited vocabulary,
Despite the narrow streets in that
In spite of your objections,
Mr. Anderson went
to
Vm
work
city,
many people
going to mention
\2
In spite of all the noise outside,
Virginia told
all
drive cars.
my
plan.
yesterday despite his bad cold,
Despite the high cost of living here, there are

I
went
good work.
many
advantages.
to sleep immediately.
of her friends the secret despite her promise.
231
completing these sentences.
Practice
Although many people attended the meeting,

I
didn't
tell
my
friends the
news although
Although Mr. Minsky doesn't speak English well,

Frank won't be able to come with us although
Although no one helped Mr. Lucas yesterday,
My roommate
V3
*"<
10
we went
s;
'*'^-g
lot of
it,
surprisingly active despite his age,
11
-"f
Fred didn't hear the instructions, so
have a
is
USING CLAUSES OF OPPOSITION
Mr. Watkins
In spite of the rain,
in spite of John's advice,
In spite of his laziness, that fellow always does
*"-^.
so busy today that
bought that used car although John had advised against
RESULT :
'
I
I
10
-"'
so difficult that
good
he drove his car today.
slippery,
bought that used car
-"'tM
such a good teacher that
is
result.
Despite the slippery roads, he drove his car today.
;;1
a hot day that
couldn't find a seat, so

lesson
to ask for help.
WRITING CLAUSES OF
It
it.
always need help.
Complete each sentence with an appropriate clause of
it.
asked Charles for some help.
hard homework that
229
1
it.
really didn't care for
me,
phrase in each sentence to a dependent clause of opposition

although. Study the first two examples carefully.
word
Although the roads were
much work to do that he can't come tonight.

Dr. Davis has so many patients that he's always busy.
we stopped to look at it.
We saw a nice house for sale,
italicized
introduced by the
230
;^
v^
^';;
'_
'"'Si
':-
lent me some money although

Although she has never complained about the noise,
I seldom go to the movies
during the week although
Although Father didn't promise to come along,
Some people enjoy operas and

Although
We
we
don't have very
concerts although
much
free time,
won't be able to meet you tonight although
^;|
[.
^^^
"^^
\^.
Although
I can't help you tomorrow morning,

Mr. Simmons didn't tell me about it although
Although Mr. Sliaw teaches only twelve hours a week,

150
I'll
Complete each sentence with an appropriate clause.
Complete each sentence with an appropriate clause of comparison introduced by

Remember that a clause always includes a subject and a verb. Review
Exercise 182 on page 120 before writing this exercise.
as or than.
The weather
My
is
much
Mr. Shaw's speech was more
4
5
You speak English just as well

Do you always drive as carefully
There are more students
You
That brown cotton
look very
was
dress
Are you studying harder

Frank doesn't seem
11
hear
Does Mr. Moore have
14
15
My
We
My
is
this
nervous
many
It
Just put your hat
was such a
didn't
10
11
Mary
much homework
so
that
go
examination that
to the
and coat wherever

meeting with
because
Bill
couldn't find her umbrella, so
12
i$
Mr. Shelton didn't accent out oiicr although
14
15
My
16
The wind was blowing
.i|i
..
much harder than
difficult
Please leave everything right where
..;.?;
secretary usually gets to the office earlier
mistakes, so
;X
more
many
too
....^
usually enjoy television programs
billfold so
should not park your car where
That fellow works
.,
students this year
me
teacher gave
You
Lmade
semester
my
didn't discuss the matter although
expensive
less
should write to Mr. Lane because
put the money in
in this class
between those two words
as
Mr, Wilson has much more money
13
You
interesting
to be as
less difference
yesterday.
much happier today
10
12
it
friend Peter works just as hard as the other students do.
than
better today
234
REVIEW: WRITING CLAUSES
WRITING CLAUSfS OF COMPARISON
232
have to leave a message so that
...
tomorrow because
friend can't help us
so hard yesterday that
,
:
RECOGNIZING CLAUSES OF TIME

Complete each of these sentences with a dependent clause of
place.
Study the
first!
Would
Everywhere we went, we saw very unusual
brackets
use
of the different tenses in these clauses of time.
you please put those books back where they belong,

"
where
Please don't
Just put your coat and hat wherever
sit
Wherever
We
Every place
You
Unfortunately, there's another car right where
saw examples
we
Everywhere
11
That
12
There are usually
13
Every place
14
This road
15
Roads
is
;l
is
located
V:|
When
Please don't say anything to them until we're sure about that.
Since
A
9
tf
11
71
12
the people stared at us strangely*,!
13
police stations wherever

,
After
The maid
10
where
very dangerous where
'^^
had asked her twice, the

going
is
girl finally told
I left
for
to clean
work
this
14
I last
spoke
to you,
her name.
up the house before the guests

morning,
it
arrive^
was raining very hard.
have had a
As we were getting out of the car, the

While you are getting ready, I'm going
lot of trouble
car started
to
make
with
my
car.
moving forward.
a telephone call.
I'm going to ask the teacher a question after the class
over.
is
Before he graduated in June, Bill had already been offered a job.

1*11
be waiting right here
Until
We
had
actually seen
when you come

it
myself,
out of the building.
could hardly believe
haven't received one letter from him since he left a
are very dangerous wherever
153
152
me
someone or other objected^
,....,
police station
friends will wait for us here
Mrs. Howell cut her finger while she was slicing the bread.
4
poverty^j
stopped and asked for information^:
can park your car wherever
10
we get back.
[until we get back].
friends will wait for us here until
'^
of neglect everywhere
,
you will also find much
Our
Our
things.
2
around the dependent clause of time in each sentence. Study the
(hit
235
WRITING CLAUSES OF PLACCf
233
it-
month
ago.
Use only the continuous past tense of the verb in parentheses in each sentence. Notg
that the continuous past tense describes an action which was continuous until (and
possibly after) the moment at which another action took place. Study the example
Use only the simple past tense of each verb in parentheses. Note that both verbs
continuous) action. Study the first example
in each sentence express momentary (not
carefully.
sentence carefully.
when it hit our car.

The truck was going very fast when it hit our car.
The Andersons {eat) their dinner when we arrived.
When
The
truck (go) very fast
I left
the house this morning,
it
(rain) very hard.
While
read the newspaper while David

I
(walk) around the park,
saw two
we walked
11
When
12
13
The man motioned to us just as we (get) ready to leave the store.

Howard (sit) in the cafeteria with Virginia when we saw him.
While the man (write) the check, I glanced at the contract agaia;;'
14
15
into their office.
their son got married in 1947, the Smiths (live) in Detroit.
while Edward
over the telephone.
(talk)
THE SIMPLE PAST vs THE CONTINUOUS PAST
237
(1)
Write the correct form of each verb in parentheses. Use only the simple past tense
(example: he spoke) or the continuous past tense (example: he was speaking),
1
Mr. Carlson (talk)
As
When we
4
5
to another
(cross) the street,
two
cars (race)
(meet) the Burkes
Our English teacher

The boy (fall) and
man when
in
by
(see)
me
him
(hurt) himself while he (ride) his bicycle.
when
Mr. Brown (borrow) the money from Mr. Wilson two weeks ago^;
That tourist (lose) his camera while he (walk) around the city. ;,i
10
11
12
13
14
15
When
(stop)
office last night,
it
at his
home
this
morning^
(rain^ still) very hard.
At the beginning of the semester, this class (seem) quite easy.

The teacher (interrupt) us just as we (finish) the last page.
Dorothy and 1 (leave, just) the house when the telephone (ring)-
first
Every time the doorbell
man
it
Betty
(ring),
(snap) his fingers, the
tHi SIMPLE PAST vs THE
to the
me
at
them
(see)
my
window.
secretly,
(get)
out.
brakes immediately.
(give)
it
him
traffic
(run)
talking.
at the gate.
everyone
the next time
amount of
here, the
When
the
(wink)
Harold, she
(see)
(arrive)
(run)
(put on)
manager about
14
(happen).
the message.
me.
(surprise)
to the
door quickly.
dog (jump up) immediately.
CONTINUOUS PAST
239
(2)
Write the correct form of each verb in parentheses. Use only the simple past tense
(example: she worked) or the continuous past tense (example: she was working)
:
Charles
When the
My friend
(talk)
to
students
Moore when
Professor
(hear)
the bell, they
him.
(see)
(get up)
and
(leave)
new spring coat last week,

We (eat, still) our dinner when Mr. and Mrs. Holt (arrive)
Mr. Harvey (ask) me about my plans the next time he (see) me,
Louise
(buy)
me
Just as
"7
The train for Miami (leave) Grand Central Station at five o'clock
The moment he (hear) the news, Jim (call) me by telephone
Since you (leave) last year, many unusual things have happened
The two men (argue) about the plan when I (come) into the officCt^
Our hosts at the party last Saturday night (treat) us very kindlyThe telephone (ring) while I (take) my shower this morning.
Mary
next time
(stop)
them a telegram.
(send)
I
an ambulance.
(call)
at the tenth floor,
fire trucks, I
the
(tell)
13
When
The
12
"'5
my
11
we
Dorothy
that,
(stop)
the
(see)
the news,
out of the plane,
(get)
the elevator
Mr. Kelly
at full speed.
1954, they (live) in Cleveland.
(say)
quickly,
the door, the students
the loud crash outside,
Donald
10
(give) us an examination yesterday.
breakfast
(leave)
The moment
Bill
When
When
(open)
(hear)
(hear)
jumped out of bed
the man's injury,
(notice)
out of bed quickly.
(jump)
Frank
(ring),
the teacher
When
When
today.
(have)
different accidents.
Fred (argue) with George when
letters
The moment
When
10
mailed the
the alarm
the alarm rang, Frank
ready to leave.
(get)
When
When
4/ The minute we
The handle broke just as they (move) the heavy box into place.
As we (cross) the street, the policeman shouted at us.
The students (write^ still) their papers when the bell rang.
When we arrived at the meeting, everyone (discuss) the plan.
238
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
THE CONTINUOUS PAST TENSE
236
9
^^
-^
(leave)
(j-^^)
home,
bad accident while
a student
(wait)
(stop)
for you
on
in the hall.
this corner.
The two men (discuss) the election when we (interrupt) them

The agent (sell) Mi. Lane a house in North Plains at a low price
I
haven't seen Roger at
Catherine
for
When
(wave)
Mr. Shaw
all
at us
(stop)
since he
(move)
to his
happily as soon as she

us,
we
155
(work,
still)
new apartment
(see)
on the
us there.
last section.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT FOR FUTURE ACTION
THE PERFECT PAST TENSE
240
Use only the
perfect past tense of the verb in parentheses in each sentence.
home by
home by
we
we
Almost everyone {leave)

Almost everyone had lejt
{see, never)
had never seen the Louvre before I visited Paris last year.
(walk) no more than two blocks when we met Frank.
for
for
the Louvre before
the time
the time
arrived.
arrived,
Harold
be ready to leave for
I'll
When we
We
After Jim (read) the message carefully, he wrote a reply.
Virginia and
Mr. Smith (leave) about
Before Mr. Fox
6
7
The manager
The men left
Harold couldn't leave
for
By
got there, the
10
the time
When
moment
(close, just) the store a
before
got there,
the office after they (receive) their instructions.
and
Bill
saw David
called Mr,
called his office.
Fox
home
in July,
he
12
Before you mentioned him,
13
The man wouldn't
he (complete) everything,
meeting
(finish,
soon as
11
just as
until
(start,
almost) his
already).
new
(leave)
meet you
After the play
Miss Irwin will help you as soon as she
The two drivers must not leave until

The next time I (see) the Gilberts,
over, we'll
to you.^
back.
(get)
in front of the theater,
the police
I'll
12
When
Mr. Wilson (return)
13
want
to speak to Professor
14
After the class
before you
it
here.
(get)
ask them about
11
ask the boss about
that letter.
(finish)
You should
(be)
(arrive).
for Detroit, he'll explain that to you,
(be)
her.
(make)
as
them.
any changes.
from Detroit, we're going
Moore
it.
(deliver)
soon as he
(be)
to tell him.
free.
over, ask the teacher about that sentence.
PAiST
THE SIMPLE PRESENT vs THE FUTURE
form of each verb in parentheses. Use only the simple pasi

tense (example: he ale) or the perfect past tense (example: he had eaten)i\
Review Exercises 233 and 235 before writing this exercise,
v
Write the
Ralph
will wait right here until
(see)
sees her,
show them
We'll pay for the materials when the company
(hear, never) of that author.
THE SIMPLE PAST vs THE PERFECT
friend
10
(check) the cepott carefully.
home when my
the photographs, we*Il
(get)
garage.
leave until he (receive) a definite answer.
241
message when he
will give Catherine your
Harold will give Catherine your message when he
visited Paris last year.
minutes before
Study the example sentence carefully.
ufhen, until, before, after, etc.
five
242
Express future action by using only the simple present tense of the verb in parentheses in each sentence. Note that the simple present tense is used after the words
243
correct
^rite the correct form of each verb in parentheses. Use only the simple present
tense (example; hejeaves) or the future with will or go (example: he will leave
P^ ke is going to leave)
.
2
3
The druggist (leave, already) for home when we (get) to the

The Andersons (move) into their new apartment last week,
The next time I (see) George, he (have) a different car.
Dorothy (sign) the check and (give)
When
Whenever
When
John and
it
to
store.;,
^:,
:;
Dr. Davis yesterday.
'^
(get) to the theater, the movie (start, already)*-
(rain),
Mr. Gilbert (take out)
y 3
it
his old umbrella.
>
\6
;
(see) Arthur in
May, he (write) 280 pages
of his novel.
We
you
(send)
When George
Mr. Green
I
to
we
telegram as soon as
(come)
this afternoon,
(leave, not)
(speak)
As soon
he
the office until
(arrive)
(call)
him.
you about that matter after the meeting tonight,
as our guests
Mr. Henderson
(arrive)
tonight,
we
two packages of
(smoke)
dinner.
(serve)
cigarettes a day.
(help) you with your homework as soon as I (finish)

f^
V^ We (send) the company a check when we (receive) a
I
(return) to their hometowns.
many workers
After the war,
Everyone (eat) dinner by the time we (get)
10
When
the policeman (shout) at me,
Since
12
We
(turn off, just) the lights
13
Our
friends (arrive) in Los Angeles
14
The same day
15
When
(speak, last) to you,
Bill
(arrive),
dining room,
when we
I
::
my
car-UJ;
(hear) someone at the
dop^;;
on the eighteenth of Oc^^^^.
(receive)
Father (return) from downtown,
156
(stop) the car immediateljfi^;
have had no trouble with
11
to the
a wire
from
his fatn#j
(prepare, already)
Chicago.
his friends.
(bring)
you
in
dinnrt-?.
,?
The company
Alice and
(deliver)
(wait)
the materials to you next
at that
corner until you
this letter.
bill.
Wednesday.
(come) with the
car.
(^ The next time I (go) to the library, I (get) that book for you.
r- 2
My friend Mr. Wilson (know) Professor Moore very well.
|-^
Our
Don't worry!
'
friends
When
(be, still)
We
here,
(start,
when Louise
from school.
(g^^) here.
back from lunch, give her the message.
not)
Miss Stewart (come)
(return)
dinner until everyone
157
244
Supply the correct form of each verb in parentheses.
Use only the continuous future

Note that the continuous future
tense of the verb in parentheses in each sentence.

tense describes an action which is continuous until
(and possibly after) a particular point in the future. Study the example sentence
At
We
when you get back tomorrow.

Wê will he wailing for you when you get back tomorrow,
I
(work) on the report when you arrive this afternoon.
When
{waU)
(wait)
By
We
Our
When
The
friends
in
our
new house by
you return with the
sky
dark.
is
car,
When
you come to
11
Don't
call
12
Just about that time,
13
Frank
(wait)
14
At
same time tomorrow, we
this
me
at 2:30.
guese.
Therefore, he
through Spain.
my
410,
(work)
(interview)
Mr. Fox
at the
letters to his secretary.
(live)
in
San Francisco
However, he
Mr. Harris your message when
Mr. Brink
When
Our English
teacher
him tomorrow.
Mr. and Mrs. Taylor
it
(live)
Roland
(sit)
in their
to the students
news reaches
We
The Browns
9
10
When we see Mr. Johnson tomorrow, we (remind) him of

When you come today, I (work) at my desk in Room 12.
11
Don't take so many books. Your suitcase
12
It's
13
Mary
14
Jack says he
too early.
(give)
for
you right here when you return
(travel)
Our
through
friends
New
(eat)
England
at
(weigh)
their dinner
the
money
158
to
time tomorrow^|;
that
too much.
when we
get there.
us the information after she has spoken to Fred.
(return)
5:30 p.m.
at this
York
University.
1950.
at
New York
University,
(be, never)
he
there
much
that he
(consider)
even .thought that he (enpy) (Itve) there
Before that time, he (hope, always) (find) a place
you at two o'clock tomorrow.
of his
all
friend Mr, Foster
on March
(plan)
money and
(return).
(force)
Naturally,
15.
France next year.
(vtsit)
friends
all his
(be)
He
there
his
(start)
"goodbye'*
know
f^hich he
.
(read)
Mr. Foster
;{go)
Vê,
about so
He
the trip.
never) in France
(speak)
i^^3p at
New York
|/^*y,
(appreciate)
many
realizes that
.i'rench
\^rge)
him
and
he
(vtsit)
by
up
to
natives.
(learn)
French and
French
Many
German before he
a course in French in prepis
Last week, he told
little
me
University next semester.
German.
Of
quite easy.
now, so he (have)
(take, not) a course in
in addition,
famous places
the
all
times in the past.
(think)
He
course, he
opportunity (hear)
that he (study) Ger-
However,
at
present,
(work) very hard every
he (attendf\ilready) a French
^^' (have) no language problem

^*^fe.
a great deal of curiosity about those
Europe. At the moment, he (take)
to
;,.âtion for
;
(have, always)
that he
Therefore, he
;;countries.
new house by next spring.

when they ask me about it.
(wait)
him^^
at the front desk.|
those lan-
(study)
New
first
when his boat (leave). When he
the Atlantic Ocean. Mr.
Matter to us on March 17, he (cross, still)
Forster said he (visit, also) Belgium, Holland, and Germany on the same
trip.
that lesson to us tomorrow,
(explain)
to explain
see
the Atlantic by the time the
(cross)
you go into the office, Mrs.
(try)
He
longer.
life.
for Paris
(leave)
{say)
(give)
at
liked Sao Paulo so
(spend, finally)
Now my
at this time next year.
form of each verb in parentheses. Choose between the simplefuture tense (example: be will write) and the continuous future tense (example;
be will be writing).
I
Spanish and Portu-
(be)
correct
The languages he (want)
the famous cities of Colombia, Venezuela,
(vtsit)
He
he (forget)
Latin and
with an ideal climate. Therefore, Sao Paulo (seem) (he) a real paradise.
THE SIMPLE FUTURE v$ THE CONTINUOUS FUTURl
Write the
much
of his
for the rest
about
for-
through Pennsylvania.
(drive)
(en]oy)
(slay) there
said that
South America for a year. Since he
to
and Argentina.
Brazil,
rear.
job applicants at that time.
(dictate)
he
before,
(stlky)
(jinhh)
friend
(decide) (gt)
suitcases,
desk in the
He
(learn)
suggested that he
at that school in
(enroll)
my
After
the time Christmas comes.

still)
he
guages in the Division of General Education
arrive.
here for your telephone call at eleven o'clock.
Don and Dorothy
245
Room
(travel)
that
(study)
of
possibility
at that time
(learn)
by the time we're ready to leave.
(rain)
It
10
15
we
(pack,
we
the
French in high school.
in the audience.
(sit)
dinner when
(eat)
the time you receive this letter,

(live)
everything
you right here when you come out of the building.
for
too early.
It's
diploma, his family
his
(meet) Mr. Foster in 1949,
first
eign languages again.
for you
he receives
the time
(consider)
he
carefully.
1
246
'MR. FOSTER'S TRAVELS'
THE CONTINUOUS FUTURE TENSE
class.
in the other countries
Tm
sure thzt
when he
(g^^)
people in those countries (understand) English or French.

139
247
RIAL CONDITIONS! FUTURE
(|)
Use only the simple tense of the verb in parentheses in each sentence to indicate a
possible or anticipated future action. Study the first two examples carefully.
1
The
The
teacher will explain that part to you
Peacber will explain that part to you
If
Harry
//
Harry
You
If
If
me^
invites
will have
Tom
We
me,
(invite)
to eat lunch
Miss Irwin,
he'll give her
tomorrow
are going to leave

(like,
not)
Will you lend
me
If I (decide)
to join the club, I will
We
10
If
will get there before midnight
Mr. Burton
(need)
Father will surely get wet today
12
If
13
The
14
If
(be^ not)
more
(ask)
(be)
it
for you,
248
me
will tell
him
If
you find any mistakes on the paper, show them
Jf you
If
If
anyone asks
If
Mr. Smith
good.
If
you have any trouble with the machine,
at the store?
If
the
If the
mailman
me
please call
you see Mr. Johnson today,
11
If
you
his umbrella.
12
If
the
right away.
13
If the
14
If
message.
leave a
to
look up the words in your dictionary.
plumber come
him
ask
If
this afternoon,
dog
just
you don't have enough time
him
talk to
calmly.
to finish,
250
REAL CONDITIONS: GENERAL
WRITING CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
it.
students don't understand you,
anyone
10
later today,
him about
don't say anything to
on time.
back
the packages.
today,
you right away.
that mistake again.
to call
for
to the teacher.
policeman for help.
him both of
If
(arrive)
give
me
will tell
get lost in this city, don't hesitate to ask a
you
your check tomorrow?
(make)
if I
Complete these conditional sentences of instniction following the pattern of the

two example sentences. Note that (1) the simple present tense is used in the
possibility and (2) the following instructions are
'îf clause to express a future
out this application blank.
he (take, not)
if
here early.
(get)
the train
if
careful in the future, you'll have an accident.
teacher will get angry at
anyone
fill
any assistance,
11
you
"
'^;^
249
(2)
expressed by use of the imperative form.

^^
your message.
you (get)
if
you
can she exchange
money
if
the weather
if
this sweater,
the
you ask him.

to the party.
probably go to the party,
I will
enough time
(see)
Betty
if
go
will probably
him.
you (ask)
if
REAL CONDITIONS: FUTURE
Use only the simple present tense of the verbs in parentheses

Note that each sentence describes a conditional general truth,
each sentence.
in
Practice completing the following conditional sentences.

1
1
Moore
Professor
will help
Edith goes to the post
If
If I see
you
if
am
If
Bill
If
going
to
at the
buy Mr. Smith's car
and
the weather
What
If I
will
is
if
if
bad tomorrow,
jou do
find your purse
and gloves,
If
you study these lessons
.,...
if
will
you say
to
dog always barks
he hears any strange sounds,
a policeman
If
Mary
If
teacher
If
the train
John
If
10
carefully,
Mr. Cole
if
160
it.
(call,
if
always)
(hear)
Mr. Green
/he answer,
to
my
(get, usually)
if
anyone
if
angry
if
we
(say)
(get)
right away.
it
(study)
to
my
hard.
office late.
anything about his accent.
he (carry, always)
rain,
it.
for information.
(ask)
his students
station late,
the newspaper (predict)
(report, usually)
(admit, always)
happy
(be, always)
(get)
any strange sounds.
anything unusual, he
(see)
(know, not)
he
if
it
his umbrella,
We're going to go on a picnic if

If no one answers the telephone,
What
always)
(find,
teacher always finds
if
12
15
My
My
will wait for you right here
Daniel will not understand you
14
..i
meeting,
11
13
if
a mistake, the teacher
make a mistake, the

dog (bark, always)
you have any trouble with that lesson,
10
Mr. Miller
Harold
(make)
If I
office,
will explain everything to
If
,.
The
stockholders
If
12
Mr. Nelson
(get)
dividends
if
the
company (make)
a profit.
lenient.
there (be) any doubt about a case, the jury (he, usually)
we
(drive,
seldom)
^3
If
14
Farmers (complain, always)
(understand, not)
to
work
him, Mr.
if it
161
if
the weather
Shaw
(rain, not)
(speak)
enough
(be)
more
in the
bad.
slowly.
summer.
UNREAL CONDITIONS: PRESENT AND FUTURE
251
the simple past tense of the verb in parentheses in each sentence to indicate
(1) a future action which is unlikely or improbable or (2) an action which is
unreal or contrary to the truth at the present time. For the past tense of he, only
u/ere is used after if. Note that the past future tense is used in the ''result" clause,
Use
If I
would go to the beach.

had the day off tomorrow, I would go to the beach,
{have) a million dollars right now, I would retire.
// I
had a
If I
7/ /
4
5
were the mayor
If that
I
mayor of
the
man {work)
would gladly
Don and
If
If the
weather
{be)
would change
if
If
{call)
me,
Mr. Moore would give up teaching
11
If I
12
People would understand you better
your place,
in
{know)
if
he
it
he
if
{enjoy, not)
you
{speak)
Practice completing
If
the following
conditional
If
We
If
millionaire
more
different English
sentences.
had more
If
No
one would be happy
If I
spoke Japanese
teacher,
if
.-
free time,
if
Your
11
If I
12
13
Almost anyone would be frightened

If I had the day off tomorrow,
14
The world would
15
If
knew
all
better
be a better place
little
more
careful,
162
if
{study)
little
you {ask)
her about
it.
test.
money if I {spend, not) everything.

{be) any complaints, we would have heard about them.
there
If
We
would have gone with Fred
you
If
me,
{ask, only)
Friday
last
if
he
{invite)
us.
could easily have given you the answer.
would have taken more photographs if he {had) more film.

Tom {be) here yesterday, he would have been able to advise us.
10
Bill
11
If
12
We
13
If
If
would have bought

{need)
they
that house
the price
if
{be)
little
lower.
any help with the work, they would have called
my
If
Our dog
If
Bill wouldn't
If
You
If
me
about
had been
in
if
if
my
instructions,
lost
your money
couldn't have gone on our
your house
If
you had only
It
would have been much
^5
If
my
left
watch hadn't been
better
five
if
minutes slow,
y^
If
had been born
if
earlier,
Things would have been different

I
if
his car,
trip
::^^
]
JK^'f
kMm Qa
have said anything
-^2
^^^
it,
John had taken better care of
We
MT*"^'
your place,
wouldn't have
Saki would have barked
you had followed
advice,
less trouble if
anyone had asked
you had taken
would have had
us.
254
completing the following conditional sentences.
^1
if
you
if
harder, you would have passed the
could have lent you some
10
if
of the details,
Alice were a
fluently,
would look
If
"7
10
suit
Practice
if
{be)
WRiTING CONDiTIONAL SENTENCES
everybody dressed the same way,

wouldn't do that
the weather
had seen him yesterday.

left Friday morning.
if I
we would have
If
carefully,-
if
could play a game of cards
Frank
Alice would have told you the truth
offer.
the weather were better today,
would be
we had a
to
252
would have spoken
so much.
it
would accept Mr. Anderson*s

if
better,
me.
to
to me,
harder.
to him.
it
George had had the money, he would have lent

would have spoken to Frank if I {see) him yesterday.
a walk.
lent
it
myself.
a house.
{study)
would explain everything
10
{be)
certain things,
would have
the money, he
{have)
certain things,
now, we could go for
That student would get much higher marks
Gprge
If
//
enough money, we would buy

better right
more money.
only
Mr. Smith
truth in the past. Note that the perfect

action which was unreal or contrary to the
have spoken) is used in the result
past future form {uôuld have spoken, could
carefully.
sentences
example
two
Study
the
clause.
retire,
would change
you the answer
tell
would
harder, he could earn
{have)
this city,
of this city, I
sentence to indicate an
perfect past tense of the verb in parentheses in each
Use the
million dollars right now, I
{be)
If I
// /
the day off tomorrow,
{have)
253
UNREAL CONDITIONS; PAST
a century ago,
163
if
.y.
WORD
USING THE
255
Substitute the
word
unless for
;/
not or ;/
UNLESS IN CONDITIONS
no in the following sentences.
;upply the correct form of the verb or verbs in parentheses in each sentence.
Study the example sentences carefully,

1
you don't leave immediately,
If
Unless you leave immediately

2
Fred wouldn't do that
will call a policeman.
I will call
a policeman.
he didn't have your permission.
if
won't bother to
If
We
6
7
9
10
Mr. Suzuki
can't write to
If
12
If
he doesn't send us
if
it
if I
say that
if
she'll
it
have
to
my own
do
it
eyes.
tomorrow.
he didn't have strong evidence.
you don't invest your money wisely, you will lose

won't say anything
his address.
with
all
of
no more guests come, there
enough food for everyone.
will be
13
Our dog wouldn't have barked
14
If
he hadn't heard a strange

just the
way
it
is
USING CLAUSES AFTER THE VERB
more
wish you
wish you would write more carefully in the future,
wish
wish
my
my
wish
wish I had known
wish
{have)
more time now
wish
{study)
psychology
{write)
uncle
uncle were here
{know)
wish someone
wish
it
wish
it
wish
it
10
wish
11
{be)
{be)
{rain)
all
WIW
carefully in the future.
now to give us some advice.

now to give us some advice.
about
all
about
{offer)
little
this
me
warmer
tomorrow
matter several weeks ago.

to help
when
me
to help
possible for
a
matter several weeks ago.
this
you with your
was a college
lesson.
student.
with that work tomorrow.
to help
in this
a policeman
news sooner, we'd have written to George,

Ellen the information if they had it.
an accident, he
{see)
If
{go)
you
downtown, take these
the post
letters to
don't think you
Carl
If
Please
office.
LI
The
L2
If
[3
L4
If
I
a message
{accept, certainly)
LO
accident
even
if I
you the truth about
told
if
anyone
Mr. Lane's offer
{happen, never)
if
while
{call)
if
the driver
were
{understand, not)
{see)
the instructions, read
wouldn't accept that job even
if
the
manager
{be)
away.
in your place.
the stop sign.
a large number of guests {come), they'll use the

know Louise {tell) you if she {go) to the party
you
it.
so careless, he wouldn't have lost his good job.
{he, not)
{leave)
me
{believe)
REVIEW:
'ractice
other room.
last night,
them again.
{offer)
completing these conditional sentences.
people would be in accidents
Many
If my
Can
return this dress to the store
Unless
My
What would
I'm sure Doris wouldn't do that unless
If I
My
10
If
f{^
friend had taken
get the
my
advice,
if
money before tomorrow,
brother would have written to
you say to your boss
hadn't spent
if
my money
grandfather always gets
me
if
if
so foolishly,
mad
if
everyone agreed with you completely,
11
Things would have been quite different
you with
it
yesterday.
12
If
room.
feel very cold.
13
That fellow won^t give you the money unless
^4
If
the drivers' names.
{take)
it
to
me.
now.
here
(^he)
If
{give)
noise.
Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses in each sentence. Notice the
forms of the verbs which are used in clauses after the verb wish to indicate future
(examples: he would be^ they w'ould write), present (he were, they wrote), and
past (he had been, they had written). Study the example sentences carefully*
1
L5
if
no one complains, we'll leave everything
256
it,
Smith doesn't bring up the matter himself.
if
the
{receive)
If
I'm sure they
it.
to fail the examination.
hadn't seen
she doesn't start the letter now,
The lawyer wouldn't

I
don't hear from Mr. Brown.
you didn't agree with him, Charles wouldn't even suggest
wouldn't have believed
If
11
if I
you don't study harder, you're going
If
I
you
call
we
4 We're going to buy the furniture if we {borrow) some money.

What would you do tomorrow if you {be) a millionaire?
5
Fred wouldn't do that unless he had your permission.

3
257
lEVIEW: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
in order to cool the air a little.
{pay) attention to the teacher's explanation yesterday.

wish our teacher {explain) that lesson to us again tomorrow.
15
if
you find anything you don't understand,
more ambitious,
Almost everyone could afford a new house
you had been a
little
164
165
if
258
GENERAL REVIEW OF THE TENSES
259
Write the
correct
form of the verb or verbs
At
ptesent,
my
friend Arthur
a long novel about the Civil

2
when
When
(go)
He
Arthur
Although Arthur enjoys
is
very
would
prolific.
10
Mr. Howell, our
(like)
(speak)
That's not true.
(a
I've
(b
But Carl
this
seems
difficult.
You
part.
didn't study
Look
it!
first
my
at
it.
notes!
heard that Carl doesn't attend class regularly.

I'm sure of that.
regularly!
class
He's wrong.
(a
Since you don't ever wear this
(b
(a
Did you speak
days.
(b
No,
by Brahe and Kepler more than 300 years ago.
(a
Did
his secretary call
(b
She didn't
(a
Does
(b
Well, he doesn't
(a
(b
But you
(a
Did Eleanor buy
(b
No, she
(a
(b
Your English teacher speaks Spanish, doesn't she?

No, she doesn't speak Spanish, but she
Portuguese.
(a
You
probably didn't read the instructions in the book carefully.
(b
But
17
The
18
This fact
19
We'll meet Alice
20
22
As
(go) to
Whenever I meet Alice on the street,
It
(rain) very much in this part of
23
When
much
(move)
(run)
attention
to
Mr. Howell.
behind schedule
(devote)
that particular
to that problem.
problem than
(understand)
my
today,
She (wait) when we (arrive).

saw Alice on her way downtown.
it
(wear)
(rain, still)
it
(refuse)
26
Jim will never look for a job unless someone (force)
27
If
28
When
29
The
police think that the camera
30
If I
(take) the camera with
my camera
me
11
to work.
him to do
(take)
from his good job.

called the police at onCC
sometime during the daf
yesterday, all of this (happen, not)-
166
12
(resign, not)
(steal)
it.
said
It's
that you
the report yesterday.
finish
on your desk now. Take a look.
him the money.
didn't give
it
to
him! Here's the
certainly
it!
suit,
give
let's
Don't give
receipt.
it
it
away.
away.
the director about that problem?
to
didn't speak to him, but
that
call
to his secretary.
up the men
to tell
13
14
them about
it?
Fred and Edward.
John, but she
fellow like football or basketball?
don't think
like
know
most
sports, but
that tall fellow.
very hard.
cloudy and cold tomorrow.
(be)
that $60,000 contest, he
that contest, he
10
something new.
the country every spring.
office last night,
radio announcer said that
(win)
she
do*
everything.
around the sun once every 365
thought that you were going to
lately.?
at the corner.
work
discovered
(b
but he did do the
it,
The man
to
(leave)
(speak)
you have read today's paper, you
Of course
all
(b
When
Jim (win, not)
(a
do
(a
for this
16
Ever since Jim
of
didn't
years.
(know) more about
25
He
company nine
(work)
The
(b
him?
15
24
the report you assigned to
Well,
Yes, but at this time,
(leave)
Did Frank write
letter.
(a
14
(a
saw the
letter! I
(b
Don't you think that the subways
21
eut John did write the
Hall.
13
(b)
letter,
office.
(speak, already)
Mr. Hill interrupted Mr. Hull while he
(prove)
Mr. Smith said John didn't write the
the
director,
planet earth
Mr. Hull himself.
Mr. Howell before he
12
to
(a)i
articles.
be a history teacher.
to
Mr.
will speak to
wish that
he
June,
last
four books and 43
writing, he
strongly suspected that Mr. Hull
11
about 125 pages of the book.
(write)
prefer that Mr. Hill
Mr. Hall
a "best
to college.
saw Arthur
(write)
War.
Arthur got the original idea for the
book while he
260
After each number, there are two sentences, (a) and (b), representing two speakUse the emphatic forms of the simple present or past tense (examples / do
work, he does write, they did see, etc.) of an appropriate verb in the blank space
in sentence (b). Study examples 1 and 2 carefully.
next year.
(publish)
it
(write)
(become)
think his book
seller"
We
DO
ers.
THE EMPHATIC FORMS WITH
You met him
him!
a
new
baseball.
What's
just
his
last
name?
week.
spring hat yesterday?
didn't buy a hat, but she
them
he
carefully!
167
new
even copied them!
purse.
THE HABITUAL PAST WITH USED
261
Express habitual action in the past with the verb used and the full infinitive
of the verb in parentheses in each sentence (examples: / used to work, he used
Remember: this form implies that a contrary condition exists
to work, etc.).
Mr. Smith used

2
smoke
to
Mr. Shaw
Many
6
7
"detective stories," but
{enjoy)
Mary
{teach)
years ago, people

{get, not)
Mrs. Nelson
to
What
has happened?
John
{attend)
When
11
We
12
{play)
13
{enjoy, not)
was a
never
262
Use
now
{travel)
he teaches
at night.
downtown, but now she
Thomas
{do)
never
takes the bus.
work
his
poorly.
{like)
that kind of food, but
the piano, but
we
often serve
haven't even tried
classical music, but
listen to
it
for years
it
it
now.
We
are used to the noise of the airplanes
am
am
We
He
accustomed
used
to
to
to
(TO)
in the following
show
familiariza-
the noise of the airplanes now.
working
working
at
night.
It
Are you accustomed

Mr. Silvcra
Is
to living in a small
accustomed
to drinking
The work was supposed
now.
apartment yet?
American coffee now.
Mr. Johnson
When
We
You
"7
The plane from Miami
You
11
I'm not accustomed to seeing so
12
Mr. Moore
is
accustomed
to
American popular music
many
hearing
168
cars
many
and
confusion in that
new working
office.
hours very soon.
yet.
trucks.
different
accents.
264
that the action did not occur.
Dean Brown {return) before next Thursday.

Dean Brown is supposed to return before next Thursday.
The work {finish) yesterday afternoon.
Maria
to
writing everything in English.
Remember: the use of the past tense form implies
10
accustomed
to
to the
correct form of be supposed with the full infinitive (example: / am st^pposed to go, he was supposed to work, etc.) to show action which is (or was)
anticipated because of a duty or because of an appointment, schedule, plan, etc.
not
became accustomed
become accustomed
food here after a while.
method of learning English.
Use the
your friend accustomed to traveling by subway yet?
is
to the
to this
You'll become accustomed to your
become accustomed
couldn't
We're not accustomed to hearing so much English every day.

That student from Sweden is accustomed to cold weather.
become accustomed
will
can't
THE EXPRESSION BE SUPPOSED
doesn't bother me.
at night. It doesn't bother me.
writes poorly, but I'm accustomed to his writing by now.
10
now.
are accustomed to the hot weather in this city
is
traffic.
regularly now.
(to)
are accustomed
country.
now.
THE EXPRESSION B USID
We
I
the "comic strips" every Sunday.
{read)
this
soon became accustomed to the constant noise of the
Peter soon
the expression be used {to) in place of be accustomed

show acceptance of a condition or situation (or to
We
They
tion with it).
Study the exaniples carefully.
You will become accustomed to hearing English every day.

You will get accustomed to hearing English every day.
You will get used to hearing English every day.
1 am becoming accustomed to this weak American coffee.
You will soon become accustomed to traveling by bus.
child,
of become accustomed
getting accustomed to the climate in this country.
the meetings regularly, but he doesn't any more.
sentences to
by horse and buggy.
work on time, but she does nowadays.
{walk)
10
don't any more.
in the morning, but
in place
I'm getting used to the climate in this country.
he doesn't any more.
work very hard, but he does now.
Bill didn't use to
{to)
I'm becoming accustomed to the climate in
he doesn't any more.
cigars, but
263
and get used
{to)
{to) in the following sentences.
Fm
very hard, but he does now.
{work, not)
Bill
cigars, but
{smoke)
Mr. Smith
Vst both get accustomed
the present.
at
THB EXPRESSION GET USED (TO)
he
to be finished yesterday afternoon.
back
the office before three o'clock.
to
Mr, Harris
returns,
{meet)
{go)
to
Dean Brown's
our friends here yesterday, but
we
office.
didn't.
ready to leave at eight o'clock tonight.
{be)
{mail)
{get)
this letter to
{sign)
your
10
Everyone
11
These packages
Mr. Fox
name on
in this office
yesterday, but
forgot
to.
the last line of the contract.
{work)
{deliver)
here ten minutes from now.
{get)
to
from nine
the
169
to five every day.
Ajax Company tomorrow.
EXPRESSING "EXPECTANCY" WITH SHOULD
265
correct form of the

Express "expectancy" by using should or should have with the
sentence. Remember: the use of the past tense form
each
in
parentheses
in
verb
implies that the action did not occur.
{should have been, should have arrived)
1
Our
Our
friend
from Boston tomorrow morning:
{arrive)
friend should arrive from Boston
EXPRESSING "NECESSITY" WITH HAVE GOT

Use both have and the full infinitive {/ have to
informal expression have got and the full infinitive
to go) in place of must in the following sentences.
the word have or has is usually contracted (Ive got
the examples carefully.
1
a telegram from Mr, Cole last night.
We
We should have received a telegram from Mr, Cole

You (hear) from the committee today or tomorrow.
last night,
The plane from Boston (arrive) more than an hour ago.

The committee (approve) the plan at the meeting tomorow.
Those men
Wait
That regulation
The
The
11
12
You
You
We
right here.
10
last exercise
(be)
(be)
you any trouble in the future,
Fred's got to finish all of the

3
If
with the lesson for tomorrow.
Mr. Shaw says everyone must take the
If
with your homework for today.
'ADVISABILITY" vs "EXPECTANCY'
carefully. Indicate the meaning ("advisability" or

152-155.
"expectancy") of the italicized verb in each sentence. Review Exercises
You
should work harder,
They should
You
arrive soon,
[advisability]
should read that book.
It's
funny.
Fred should have arrived by
11
shouldn't have borrowed
money.
Taylors' trip to France and Italy shotdd be very interesting.

Miss Williams should take a taxi. It^s too far to walk tonight
The
We
should have heard from our friends long before this time.
You shouldn't have said anything to your boss about that matter.
13
Mr. and Mrs. Anderson should be here within a few minutes.

girlsI think that you should have stayed there and waited for the
14
We
12
should receive a reply from the company today or tomorow.

170
them tomorrow.
to
write the next two lessons for tomorrow.
must go
to the
bank
you plan to go with
right
us,
away
final
examination.
in order to cash this check.
you must get ready right now.
Miss EUiot knows she must
finish that
work before
two-thirty.
268
Use the verb had with the full infinitive (/ had to leave, she had to write) as the
past tense form of the italicized verb in each of the following sentences. If necessary, change the expression of time (change tomorrow to yesterday, etc.),
1
Dr. Davis must leave for
home before two o'clock.

home before two o'clock,
Dr, Davis had to leave for

2
this time,
that
for leaving early.
EXPRESSING "NECESSITY" IN THE PAST
[expectancy]
That work shouldn't take you very long.

I should write a letter to Mr. Jackson.
10
map
very easy for everyone in the class.
Read the following sentences
good reason
more money, you must work harder.
to earn
George says he must return the
266
you want
^^
work by noon tomorrow,
We must
10
must give our boss
difficulty
r^
work by noon tomorrow,
finish all of the
difficulty
any
back within 10 or 15 minutes.
(^You' ve got to do it]^

^<
You've got to go to the dean's office right away,

Fred must finish all of the work by noon tomorrow.
We
the
have got to go, he has got

Remember: in using have got,
to go, he's got to go). Study
(/
You must go to the dean's office right away.

You have to go to the dean's office right away.
Fred has to
or three hours ago.
very easy for you to understand.
(be)
much
(have, not)
work two
(cause, not)
next exercise
(have)
that
(finish)
work) and
go, he has to
tomorrow morning.
{receive)
267
The messenger has

The messenger had
We ve
to deliver
those two packages today.
to deliver those
two packages today,
got to return Edward's dictionary to him tomorrow.
We had to return Edward's dictionary to him yesterday.

The director must finish that report by 4:00 p.m. today,
Mr. Brown has
They've got
to
send a telegram to the main
to
fill
make
a trip to Philadelphia next
We
Everyone must do
Miss Stewart's got to leave the
10
have
Edward
to
week.
out the application before next Thursday.
his share of the
work
office of that
company.
this afternoon.
office early
tomorrow afternoon.
we must return the dictionary before Wednesday.

When Mr. Brown returns, we've got to explain everything to him.
says
171
INDICATING ^ÂSSUMPTION" WITH MUST
269
or must
Indicate "assumption" in each of the following sentences by using must
carefully.
examples
parentheses.
Study
the
verb
in
the
form
of
proper
the
have with
1
Mr. Foster
isn't here.
Mr. Foster
isn't here.
The
The
secretary wasn't
He {he) in the other room.

He must he in the other room.
there. She {go) home already.
hear someone at
I.dont see the package. John
By
Mr. Johnson looks
10
this time,
He
tired.
11
12
13
You
is
wet
quite
today.
met the
{think)
Slaters,
George
that
They
that
we had
tomorrow
night.
[possibility]
possible that Mr. Johnson won't arrive on time.
It's
Mr, Johnson may not
arrive
on time,
[possibility]
It is
last night,
Perhaps Mr. Howell, the director, won't agree with you.
are right.
You have my
If
seven or eight o'clock.
don't have a job because I'm at
{assume)
we
return
6-
regularly,
very hard
{think)
at least
{be)
it
{go)
may
You have my permission to tell everyone the news.

You may tell everyone the news.
[permission]
Possibly Mary will know the answer to your question.
You have our permission to leave whenever you're ready.
English very well
{rain)
It
can't get either of these doors open.
3.
yesterday.
They
271
Perhaps your friends will return tomorrow night.
Your friends
very hard today.
{work)
Mr. Fox didn't say anything, so he
When
it
{speak)
boys there several times.
I've seen the
The ground
{mail)
your friend Thomas
She must have gone home already,

front
door. It {he) the mailman.
the
"PERMISSION" OR "POSSIBILITY'
Rewrite these sentences using the auxiliary verb may to show 'permission" or
"possibility."* Study the first three examples carefully.
secretary wasn't there.
MAY FOR
USING
home
so often.
{lock).
already taken care of the matter.
possible that Mr.
Maybe
11
It's
the
will
men
work
that for you.
if
you wish
to.
pohtely, possibly they will help you with
will be a lot easier than
you expect
enough food
possible that there will not be
Notes: Might
may to indicate
do
permission to try that method
you ask the
10
Kennedy
(the past tense sequence form of

"possibility." Can is frequently
may)
is
used
in
it
it.
to be.
for everyone.
frequently used in place of

place of may to indicate
"permission,"
^^NECESSiTY" vs
270
EXPRESSING "ADVISABILITY" WITH HAD BETTfR
Read the following sentences

"assumption") of the
1
"ASSUMPTION"
We
italicized verb in
must leave
home
for
Mr. Foster must he
It's
very late now.
in
I
meaning (''necessity*' or
each sentence. Review Exercises 156-159.1
carefully.
Indicate
[necessity]
right away.
must go home and study
Fve never seen Mr. Miller on the
When
bus.
you see Mr. Moore, you must
He
tell
my
lessons.
must drive to work.
him about
this.
Since you play tennis so often, you must really enjoy
You look healthy. You must have

You must explain that part again.
Mr. Crowell must have gone home.
didn't understand
I
it
don't see his briefcase.
Virginia must helieve that we're angry about her remarks.

I
12
13
When
When
14
You must
15
That car
man
my
boss before next Friday.
brings the groceries, you must pay him.
our friends
is
for
left,
it
must have been well
after midnight.
be ready to leave when Charles and Frank get here.

certainly beautiful, but
it
It's
getting quite late.
We
It's
getting quite late.
We'd
You
Shouldn't
ought
to
better
go home very soon.
go home very soon.
should not say anything to Mr. Wilson about the matter.
Shouldn't the children wear something very
"7
You
must be very expensive.
Hadn't
4
Shouldn't
^^
think
You
warm
today.?
shouldn't leave the building until you get permission.
we ought to send a telegram to Mr. Holt right

we tell them that we won't be able to meet
away.
them.?
shouldn't leave your car in front of Mr. Kelly's garage.
173
172
Notice the negative forms.
we explain exactly what happened to Mr. Wilson?

we better explain exactly what happened to Mr, Wilson?
You ought to buy yourself a new suit and overcoat.
It's much too far to walk. Miss Stewart should call a taxi.
at alL
11
the
the examples carefully.
You'd better not say anything to Mr. Wilson about the matter.
10
must complete that report
^'caA'^
it.
rested during your vacation.

I
Use the informal expression had better (with the short infinitive) in place of
should and ought in the following sentences to express "advisability." Remember:
in using had better, the word had is usually contracted (Id better go, you*d
better ask).
[assumption]
the other room.
272
the
OR UNEMPHATIC STATEMENTS WITH WOULD
POLITE
273
a polite or unemphatic statement with would and the verb in parentheses

in each of the following sentences. Study the examples carefully. Review Exercise
222 on page 146 for practice in using the general form after the verbs suggest,
Make
on page
1
receiving a
to
would appreciate receiving a prompt reply
know
{enjoy)
{suggest)
think that
that
to say
sure Alice
anything
to
to
home and
my
complete
letter,
to the director
about that matter.
go shopping with us tomorrow.
{suggest, definitely)
10
{recommend)
trying a different
that you ask
doing anything.
method next
Mr. Anderson for
time,
{prefer)
12
{appreciate)
having a chance
E XPRESSING
274
to
meet
all
of your friends,
"PREFERENCE" WITH
WOULD
RATHIR
making statements, questions, and negatives which indicate "preference"

with would rather and the verb in parentheses in each sentence. In this usage,
would is often contracted {Id rather go, he*d rather work). Study the example
sentences carefully.
1
live
Notice the negative forms.
downtown
{walk)
would {Vd) rather walk downtown
downtown this afternoon?

Wouldn't you rather walk downtown this afternoon?
I would {Vd) rather not walk downtown this afternoon,
Would you
rather walk
{stay)
at
home
{live)
in
New York
{sit)
{tell)
Mr. Anderson about the problem myself.
{eat)
my
{meet)
{work)
{stay)
10
over the Christmas holiday.
in the first
lunch
you
in.
row
now
than in Washington, D. C.
of seats than in this one.
than later in the day.
the lobby of the building than on the corner.
for a very large

at
{watch)
home
company than
tonight and write
a television
my
for a small one.
174
5 I've
got to
night.
would
Edward
Alice said she
than
Chicago.
in
You must not
don't have to pay the
You ought
14
We
right away.
Our
13
tonight.
way
anytime you want
car
had to help
some.
me
with
24
Our
of doing things.
ter
to.
we
I'd rather
he wouldn't
Do
listen to
gone home.
me.
19
18
not
should do.
It
must be
You may
use
my
couldn't understand the lesson, so Jim
Yes,
you want some coffee?
would
to ask the teacher
try a different
work
^âd tonight.
should have gone to the country yesterday.
if I
had
30
25
We
26 Hadn't you
bet-
didn't have to answer all of the questions.
wait until tomorrow and
kind of
20
21
it.
rained,
it
teacher said
you
16
morning.
22 Don't you think that you should see a doctor right away.?
ûst not forget

that
class this
say
moment
guests should arrive almost any
have a great deal of work which
to convince him, but
I tried
we
have been more attentive in
to
couldn't gtt used to their
go with you
17
12 Fortunately,
about that matter.
make your
method next
to.
decision then.? 27
time.
29 Frankly,
28
suppose
would prefer
would suggest
could do that
to stay at
home and
wish that you could stay with us for a few more
31 Must we turn in our homework tomorrow morning.? 32 You

should have called your friends and told them the news.
33 I didn't do the
^^ys.
fi^st
part of the lesson, but
speaking a
y^terday.
little
36
Do
more
did do the last half.
34
Would you mind
35 Alice must have finished the report

you have to return? Can't you stay a while longer?
softly.
English lesson.
program than go
at the party.
work before tomorrow
11
23 Even though
this afternoon.
shouldn't
It
friend couldn't
a word about this to anyone.
like
this afternoon.
My
have paid more attention to your
here
quite late because everyone has already
Practice
better
catch a
your temper, you shouldn't get into arguments.
15
hearing from you regarding this problem.
{enjoy, really)
rather
may
must have been disappointed when you told him the news. 9 Would you
please slow down. I can't walk quite so fast. 10 If you can't control
now.
seeing a movie to watching television tonight.
11
to
be
You'd
very easy.
is
guests than you did.
money back
his advice.
of this
all
You ought
room?
Otherwise, you
of your time.
me who would
tell
letter.
read a book tonight.
to investigate carefully before
to stay at
{like)
you
{advise)
my
in this
This lesson
much
take
you speak to Dean Brown as soon as possible.
{prefer)
{hesitate)
am
cold.
Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo.
visiting
13
prompt reply
May we smoke
wear an overcoat.
to eat dinner earlier than usual tonight.
{appreciate)
auxiliaries in these sentences.
like to eat dinner earlier than usual tonight,
would
275
l6.
(like)
Analy2e the use of the
For practice with polite requests with -would, review Exercise 23
etc.
prefer,
REVIEW: USING AUXILIARIES
to the movies.
175
THE SHORT INfiNiTiVE AFTER OBJiCTS
276
UNOEftSTANOING
TWO-WORD
VERBS
278
Complete these sentences with an object and an infinitive. Remember: the short
infinitive is used after the object if the principal verb is feel, have^ hear^ help,
make, see, or watch. Review Exercise 176 on page 116 before writing this exerdse.
Study the
first
Did
Yes, the foreman
men to
men leave
the foreman permit the

let
the
Does the
No, the
My
Did your
friend help
Shouldn't
we remind
Almost everyone expects
mother force her
girl's
omit
postpone
prepare
to study every night?
mother doesn't make her study every night.
girl's
boss advised
think
leave before five o'clock?
before five o'clock.
heard
Why
11
12
Our
The
boy's parents wanted
We
really
14
15
We
..^
10
reduce
make
teacher won't let
don't you
we
think
finally
..
saw
should watch
had
to ask
277
THE PAST PARTICIPLE AFTER OBJECTS
9
10
Review these
sentences. Put the italicized object after the verb get or have, and
use the past participle
move, to take or take,

1
(moved
etc.).
taken, etc.) in place of the infinibve {to move, or
Study the
first
two examples
Mr. Wilson had the telephone taken out of that

2
man
got the
got all of the packages delivered yesterday.
We
George
had the
to deliver all of the
12
carefully.
Mr. Wilson had the man take the telephone out of that
office.
office.
packages yesterday.
mechanic
to fix the
motor of
his car.
have a carpenter cover the holes in that wall tomorrow.
I'll
Mrs. Kelly got the butcher to cut the meat into small pieces.
We usually
I'm going to get him to check those reports very carefully.
You'd
10
Why
11
We
12
have that
better
don't
man wash
our car once a week.
have someone paint your house very soon.
we
get the electrician to put the light on this wall?
really ought to have someone take that old rubbish away.

John said he*d get someone to mail the letters tomorrow.
176
13
14
15
16
janitor repair that old chair several days ago.
finally got' a
11
17
18
19
20
USING TWO-WORD VERBS
779
In the two blank spaces in each sentence, complete the two-word verb with the
correct particle (up, ouf, on, etc.) and add the correct object pronoun (me, //,
fhem, etc.). Remember: if the two-word verb is "separable," the object pronoun
must precede the particle.
you find any unnecessary things on the
If
I'd like to see the Coles'
new
list,
Why
house.
cross
we
don't
them
call
We
on them?
didn't arrive there until late because
the bad weather held
You
can't act that
group
this
it
missed two assignments.
think this blouse
He
your
is
bad about
must make
Why
size.
his failure
Here's an application blank for you.
11
12
13
new
shoes because
you don't understand

wrote the lesson
14
15
Mrs. Kelly had a good
16
This coat
17
You
18
If
19
20
is
much
now,
He
warm.
am
bought some paper
If that
word
last
why
Since Fred couldn't find his mistakes,
22
You
23
Your
24
If
can ride
to
you keep on wearing that
Whenever you
26
If
28
work with me.
I'll
question was embarrassing.
25
don't
know
suit
Why
can't find the papers

is
dependable.
You
Before they hire anyone, they check up
When
was
The Coles
You
We
once tried
are probably
home
his
background.
such bad working conditions.
can put up
a child,
you, please?
favorite sport,
his
It's
run away
to
tonight. Let's
home.
drop
them.
in
should always do your best to get along
away
like to get
you walk
10
If
11
The motor
other people.
the city during the hot
them
you can catch up
fast,
We
of the car won't start.
12
When
13
Are you anxious
14
Do
15
People often look back
summer months.
in the next block.
have run out
gas!
your vacation in France and Italy?
did you get back
work
back
to get
you and Martha plan
to
after your vacation?
Europe again next year?
go back
their
childhood as a very happy time.
impossible to do away
16
It's
17
What
18
Mr. Kennedy said that he was going
19
Why
20
You'll have to
morning.
will wait
classroom
disciplinfe
completely.
your assignment
time did you get through
we
don't
him
get together
work hard
to
in
go ahead
his
plan.
order to discuss the plan?
make up
to
night?
last
the time you've
lost.
I'd prefer
22
You
23
Be
24
If
already.
to him.
every day, you'll wear

in
run
careful!
try to
really don't feel
up
it,
the other students in your class.
keep up
Watch out
cars
whenever you cross the
they insist on
it,
street,
them.
suppose we'll have to give in
meeting tomorrow,
25
26
How
27
Hang on
28
That fellow violated the rules, but he apparently got away
29
don't think
is
going
can get out
to that
Mr, Kovacs getting along
his classwork these
days?
that end of the
box very
tightly.
Don't
let
go of
it!
your dictionary.
with him-
go
not to play golf today,
should
did you bring
I'll
21
at eight o'clock.
a word, look
178
how you
don't see
tennis.
until later.
pointed
can always count
really goes in
it.
all.
don't you take
now, but I'm sure
look on
George
to get married.
I'll
May
don't have a book today.
on
didn't catch
later.
this
call
Pierre doesn't understand that lesson,
Ed
at
week, but he's used
doesn't belong there,
at Ed's joke, but
going to take
21
27
doesn't care
Don't put
should do things on time.
Everyone laughed
carefully.
Fill
you go to the second counter, the clerk there
Bill
soon.
you'll probably figure
Check your
he'll get
but she gave
job,
can look
don't you try
night and handed
last
too
it
Supply the correct preposition

answers with those given in the appendix.
so hard to break
it's
Don't offer Mr. Green any coffee.

If
280
the blank space in each sentence.
in
in
before Monday.
now, but
10
hate
one
the telephone book.
in
feeis
easily.
up!
No
Nelson's address, but
can find
Look
here.
will stand
know Mr.
don't
way
VERBS
out,
submitted an application, but the committee turned
TWO-WORD
PREPOSITIONS WITH
want
Get away
51
Httt>
to help you-
don't
50
just can't
to
break
in
their conversation.
Keep away
this work any longer.
that fence!
go on
179
I'll
it.
wait here.
those electrical wires!
Fm
too discouraged.
WORD ORDER
281
the words and expressions within the brackets [ ] are not in the
Put the sentence elements which are within the brackets into their
Do not add or eliminate any words or expressions.
In most cases
correct order.
normal order.
1
Donald bought a
The man made
green
[
[
Fred was given that
That museum has
unusual
You
can see
the library
[ to
in the fall
night
at
those books
from the
on
pole,
]
the meeting.
promptly
] vases,
bamboo
all at
the leaves
pocket watch.
valuable
long
were
good programs
modern
Egyptian
three
cover for the box.
a [ fishing
jewelry box for his wife.
square
[ ancient
My father always used

My [ sons friend's
The girl returned
The wind takes [
little
plastic
4
5
trees ].
television ].
10
Mr. Meyer studies
11
That firm exports
12
The
13
Mr. Smith sold
14
16
The man gave [ the money - reluctantly - the bill collector ]

Anna had to go [ to school during the war - with boys ].
The Taylors were [ in Bogota - last year - for two months ].
17
That employee gets
18
John worked
[ in
19
Those people
can^t conceal [ forever
20
The man asked
21
15
[ carefully
India
[ to
his lessons
Benson
[ to Bill
every night ].
much machinery
professor dictates [ in class
to us
his
every year
].
wanted
Brooklyn
[ for the rent
He
23
24
George said
allowed himself
my
English
was
it
was
Baseball
26
These things seemed
[ in
to
27
It is diflficult [
28
29
What
30
Mr, Cunningham doesn't know whose
31
When
32
Where
don't
to speak
know why
[ will
[
[
were
have
say
[
-
correctly
didn't
say
they
gone
for
the
your friends
4
5
How [ can
No one here
When
I'm sure that
She explained
did
haven't
10
When
[ will
been
have
be
always
had
finished
again
done
late ].
from us
],
you
you
from him
15
That author was
17
Judge Parker introduced
18
How
her husband
me
high
1930
enough
your plan
any way
of
my
].
21
22
ril ask
23
25
When [ had
When [ can
He said it was
quite unimportant ]
26
Who
me
27
She's a person
28
The
29
how much them had cost

He mentioned [ known by everyone a man
to
about
to finish
quite cool
until the
English
it
].
by studying hard.
24
war
].
].
anything to me.
this
that
country
change
in plans?
in Paris ], they visited the Louvre.
^1
of the students
is
since last
week?
52
city
has
my
can
bus
Thomas what
finished
expect
a
at the desk
well-organized
friend
-
by the door
Alice
we
square
explain
[ will
along the edge
didn't ask
two
they
it.
].
companies.
today's
about
about that
is
].
her speech, she sat down.
wrapped
from you regarding

in cloth
have
ornaments
you
object
much
small
-
this?
hard
].
confidence
in.
were removed.
their trip
to
Canada
}.
The Wilsons live

Wives work but
in that case.
so soon?
it
that part ] for the rest of the students?
whom
lesson
to hear
]
-
year ago ].
].
at all ].
unknown until a
legal
new ] concept
a [
tall ].
a million dollars
in
can inquire
Mr. Shaw.
price for it
-
You
The
to
it
know - possibly - they ] about

[
can't imagine how [ could - know - possibly could
].
famous building?
to reach
the work.
about verbs
show
that part,
England
[ in
improve
16
at the train station?
to
his [ usual
that ].
a source of difficulty.
-
bicycle
] inside that
think that you are [ that shelf
can't think [ to
].
before this time.
[ is
the part
ever
movies
such a peculiar excuse?
your visitors
never
know whose
to
arrive
tried
you
^0
180
seems
asked her when
11
car ].
all
believe
been
19
man
[
has
soft ] ball.
20
unknown
-
it
rubber
improve
me
I'm sure
better
the tenants
in the city
in a factory ]
[ at first
She inherited
yesterday
almost
Saki likes to play with a
14
to
Our dog
Europe
25
The owner charged us
quickly
Pierre said he liked [ than television
12
completely
13
last
the truth
the ship
two years
In most cases, the words and expressions within the brackets [ ] are not in the
correct order. Put the sentence elements which are within the brackets into their
normal order. Do not add or eliminate any words or expressions.
].
in advance
282
(2)
week
old car
every morning
ORDER
],
for one year
to take [ right back
22
the office
[ to
WORD
short sentences
hope
(1)
in that [ big
[
all
brick ]
Shakespeare
mansion on the
the responsibilities
181
husbands
]:
hill.
have
],
WORD ORDER
283
(3)
expressions in the following sentence are not in the correct order.
The words and
Put these separated sentence elements into their normal positions. Do not add
or eliminate any words or expressions. Capitalize the first word in each sentence,
and add the proper punctuation at the end of the sentence.
1
every day
those fellows
an
We
school cafeteria
at the
our lunch
we
don't eat
don't eat our lunch at the school cafeteria every day.
official
will -remain
about
how
this rule
long
a question
in the spring
are
mine
with the red collar

this fine sport
u fiiowins
man
fh.
only in the winter
to their
daughter
lives
watches
11
for
12
those letters
13
the car
14
is
15
today
16
was
to
17
the large red house
18
were finished
19
the
20
the
21
to anyone's face
22
to
23
two times
24
to
25
a very easy decision
26
cars
27
what Mr. Shaw had
artists
Paris
is -
yesterday
to the country
very interesting
drove
enough
is it
me
the whole idea

-
last
weekend
understand
-
improve
was
for
[never]
Those students used
[ôt]
13
[seldom]
Ordinary people have that kind of opportunity.
14
[yet]
enjoy
tell
why
me
they have visited

-
the student
-
my
men
the shape
that
said
is
-
had
to ask
them
We
own
will be able to understand our
customs.
don't agree with Mr. Harris on that subject.
18
[still]
19
[both]
I'm sure they contain exactly the same material.
20
[just]
There
21
[long]
22
[always]
The two Cuban

The teacher has
23
[daily]
24
had
is
one more thing
must
tell
to explain everything carefully.
to study English gramrnar, and
[never]
26
[twice]
They have
27
[often]
Fred does
28
[either]
Doris couldn't find her purse, and
29
[a
museum
50
[always]
Why
realized
5^
little]
people had
hated
it.
been considered carefully.
visited the
his
sufficient interest in the subject.
possibility has
Yellowstone National Park.
homework
at the public library.

I
couldn't.
think you'd better change that last statement.

is
that part so difficult for
[detailed]
Green submitted
driving
53
[not]
Do
[more]
Has
5"*
you about.
students have not been in Florida.
Many
whil^
room.
[better]
That
work.
17
[not]
for
their
in the other
Plan your composition carefully before you begin.
extremely dangerous
complain about
smoke
[always]
The
confused
to
[hardly]
[the most]
to
15
52
the students
summer.
the
in
16
for anyone
to
questions?
difficult
the students in the class believe what he said?
them
Switzerland
think he wrote about that subject before Flaubert.
make
that's certainly not

-
visit
25
difficult
he'd have to study harder
at very high speeds
week
in the past
their teacher ask
expect to
Have you heard anything from Mr. and Mrs. Fox?

It was so dark we could see the signs along the road.
wife
something
very
that bird
charm
attend the school programs on Tuesday night.
12
next to ours
warm smile always

me the last lesson
We
11
adds
[still]
with the handle
[^^^^ly]
can you consider such a peculiar suggestion.^
Do
more than 50 the manager said - in two days

two suitcases - moved - the man to his wife - closer
taken - how many students
so far - have
examinations
-
How
[even]
heavy winter overcoat
new and unusual
[possibly]
[really]
usual
here.
the two
way over
10
the coat
the postman
Love, hate, and fear are abstract words.
and
good place
delivered
[^/]
We
at
wonderful
they sent
of the glass bowl
for a
a very
Mr. Anderson's
is
table
cold
work
Mr. Fox
to
on the
a bracelet
during the afternoon
to
friend Albert got lost on his
[later]
please
My
in this part of the country
seldom
television
most
for her birthday
10
Yû Americans
fh. dog
[almost]
don't
Does
its
to life
the purse
the sentence in
[only]
lived
a writer
it's
come
sentence and add the italicized word to

not add or eliminate any other words.
Do
[always]
Prus
Copy each
position.
284
(4)
was
to see
ORDER
He is studying English at the University of Texas.

I am trying to help you with your English lesson.
Poland
in
the flowers
two men asked
name
time
that
the
whose
Washington, D. C.
in
WORD
girl's hair
was what
you?
attracted
my
attention.
a report to his boss at once.
you think that Howard did a very good job?

the teacher said anything to you about that?
182
183
Add
the definite article the in the blank spaces
There
through
eled
Amazon.
Tower
I
you can
if
me
tell
to
names
visited.
and
upper regions of
Leaning
Seven Wonders of
World.
There
but
have been over
Mount
and
East,
Alps.
of
Atlantic
Ocean,
have been through
Singapore,
have wandered through
How many
Scandinavian Peninsula.
New
streets of
parked
in
go
into
come
to
spend
city to
have been
Louvre
Athens,
in
Statue of Liberty in
largest
state
New York
Harbor.
Panama Canal. Do you
States,
and down
evening with
and
Park Avenue.
have traveled down
Formosa, and around
split
by
heve been through
Europe, and from
one end of
Long
British
.....imperial
Americas, in
Commonwealth
Since
to
Island,
Saint Andrews,
ifornia,
have gone
Columbia University and
to
Oxford, and
Pennsylvania
Institute, I didn't learn
who
it
all
to
State
College,
geography
University
......Sorbonne,
and
Renssalaer
in these schools.
am?
Now
of
Inhere
other.
:^ ^^^
\
^^*
Polytechnic
;
way
to
went
was
When
back
city.
returned with
violation.
parking
tear
up
to
Court House
ticket.
soon
week
five dollars.
year,
Sunday
drive.
we
had
drove almost
restaurant
leaving,
managed by
tiny painted sign
we
He
;^^'^ted one.
stand.
After
He
left,
name of
185
book was
Modem
book had taught

was going to
then told us that he
told
dangerous thing.
we went over
name was Barking
course,
proprietor's
had ordered
we had
Of
important book
He
importance of advertising.
^îernize
^v
^^
stand.
book
was
it
in
old Indian.
above
was reading
said that
in
noticed
merchandise he was selling

old Indian
50
stopped
sandwich and
only
in
As we were
was
287
last
we
back,
We
coffee
"y^êrtising.
Cal-^
can you g^^^^
of
^^^ be
184
distance of 40 or
border,
rc>adside stand
::
summer
were out for

beautiful day,
On
village.
'
cities.
......M.LT.,
small village.
Japanese
was
state
;:-cup
Although
When
violation
fine for
middle of
In
entire Australian Continent.
countries in
all
to get
drove to
policeman was putting
hour
waste of time.
or an for each blank in the following selection.
a,
my wife and
these places
Mississippi River,
United Nations Building and
have gone through

I
length of
Orient, over
was
wanted
meter indicated
persuade him
tried to
found out
Choose they
northernmost
all
us, so
one-hour parking meter.
car.
week
was expecting
"THE IMPORTANCE OF ADVERTISING"
Texas,
in
Panama,
Republic of
However,
suit.
front of
on
fniles.
Island of
Palace.
in
Russia,
Venezuela,
in
Acropolis
have been
think that you could locate
have been through
over
in
in
buy
Britain,
.Kremlin
map?
on your
I
Tomb
Lenin's
United
in
Rome,
in
.....Paris,
South Ajnerica, and in
state of
in
Coliseum
to
never depend on
bus line)
In order not to lose any time,
realized this
Great
Parliament in
of
when
Therefore,
of
early.
had been away more than
name
policeman was standing there
suit,
Near
Company
to
house
to
Sea,
of these things have
Washington, and through
in
hurry.
watch or pays any attention to
important engagement,
Transportation
guest to
later, I
White House
Moscow.
House
have passed through
in
gas station opposite our house,
little
bus never carries
of
wanted
ticket
few
small city
is
no problem unless you are
stops at
you done,^
through
There
country.
city is
appointment or
ago,
York,
Balkans,
Going to
bus which
......driver
......Weston
peak
Caribbean
small house in
this
have drifted on
blank in the following selection.
or an for each
printed schedule which he distributes regularly.
England, and
Islands,
Empire State Building,
top of
whole range
and
Mexico.
and
Philippine
Lake Victoria,
Gulf of
Berlin,
Cuba,
have touched
Everest,
Rhine River,
and
is
have
Soviet Union.
of
away.
0iiles
group ?
I
a,
trav-
seven great structures in
of
the,
live in
have
Vatican, and
Taj Mahal,
have even gone
Choose
necessary.
have not
Africa
of
have been through
Pisa.
wonder
jungles
.....thickest
of
world which
no part of
is
if
286
'MY MISTAKE'
'THE TRAVELER'
285
new neon
my
sign to replace
wife that
little
tiny
knowledge
Add
the^
or an in the blank spaces
a,
man
and
architect
these days.
faucet,
.head of
family
trician,
or
new
need for
is
neighbors
members of
One
family.
in
......pride
work
plumbers,
pipe
himself.
If
(Father)
is
an
in the blank spaces
person can have

this
other hand,
men
do these
things.
to
over 65.
He
center
company was
automobile parts
of
attitude
company
later started
successful.
life.
age of 65.
large
in
Impurities account for difference in taste of two forms of sugar.
beet.
Sugar
is
produced
in
Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Americas.
Sugar which comes from Cuba

western part of United States
to
members
now one
At
Water
book
is
necessity for sustaining life in plants
before
considered to be element.
Most water
nature of water.
is
and animals.
At one
derived
time, water
Men
was
from ocean directly
River.
Water which New Yorkers use does not come from Hudson
Water used in New York homes comes from large reservoirs.
Water
in these reservoirs
or indirectly.
of ......community
is
BenejUSi
titled
Sugar from mid-
largely beet sugar.
people
same man learned
age of 70,
is
in
largest distributors
of
largely cane sugar.
is
WATER
is
However, absolutely pure water
purified.
probably unknown. Lake water
tainous regions.
Old Age.
of
and odorless. However, sugar obtained from
colorless
have always been interested
company
interests of
house, and wrote
foreign language, built
is
sap of maple tree tastes different from sugar derived from juice of sugar
AFTER
which he has toward
for
It is
country.
in
refined, sugar
other
course,
community center devoted
retiring started
by
Of
man who had been
example
is
and
necessary.
interesting life after
person and
depends on
Here
if
291
articles the, a,
Sugar is one of most important plant products. Word sugar applies

than 100 distinctive substances, each with scientific name. Sugar
more
to
most commonly obtained from plants is sucrose. When it has been
there
high cost of
is
'LIFI
the, a, or
If
children,
called
289
Add
DUST'
SUGAR
electrical wiring
for this
On
etc.
leak.
wife,
"know-how"
ability or
having
elec-
his
main reasons
of
carpenters,
services of
take
house,
to
jack of all trades
attention,
needs
addition
plumber,
leak develops in
carpenter,
expected to repair
is
AND
and an have been omitted from the three following selections.

Supply the correct article wherever necessary.
When
expect him to do
all
The
necessary.
if
combination of
has to be
'SUGAR, WATiR,
JACK OF All TRADES''
'THi
288
relatively pure, especially in
is
Most people think
water
spring
is
pure.
moun-
However,
water which comes from springs sometimes contains large amounts of
"THE JAGUAR
290
Add
an
When
hunters
largest
animals have
member
cat family
......favorite
courage and
and
move
in
strength in
group.
jaguar
to find
human
to twenty.
once read
As
wild
is
story about
result,
pig*
^^st
^^
courage
186
jaguar
of
is
live,
one of worst types of dust to wipe up.
In
neighborhood where
Edges
dust from Ajax Factory in next block causes us trouble.
our windows are covered with dust
^^ tables in
trie
pack and the
most inconceivable places.
Dust which comes from chimneys seems to spread everywhere. Coal
great-
They have
wild pig which has been separated from

wild pig.
your springs should be analyzed.
things worse, dust always seems to settle in
niost^
story pointed out that these pig*'
hunters.
in
Dust is great inconvenience to housewives. It is difficult problem.

Pust causes housewife hours and hours of housework week. To make
North American animals
American Continent
on
fifteen
strength of these wild pigs
sometimes even attack
attacks
bands of
Therefore, water
States, they
wild pigs
salt.
DUST
United
favorite food of
food
two types of
ground. These tracks are made
greatest hunter of all

of
PIO^
necessary.
southwestern part of
visit
spotted jaguar,
and
if
large cat-like tracks along
often find
by
in the blank spaces
the, a, or
AND THE WIID
our apartment
is
in less
than day. Dust on surfaces
not quite so difficult to remove.
know
characteristics
of
dust very well because
my
wife frequently asks
to
îpe up dust on desks and bookcases

187
in
our apartment.
me
292
FLAG OF THE UNITED STATES'
'THE
The
and an have been omitted

from the following selection. Supply the necesarticles
the,
a,
sary articles.
USING THE
WORD SOME
294
Use the word some in the blank spaces wherever possible. If the addition of
some changes the meaning of the sentence, explain the difference in meaning
carefully.
Story of origin of flag of United States
America
of
Of
interesting.
is
course,
flag
has not always been same in appearance. As
nature of nation changed, appearance of flag
changed
to
modern
flags or
Origin of pattern of
Star
history.
and
symbol of
is
stripe
nation.
stars
sky.
Through
across
ocean
that of using
and
Stripe
articles the,
a,
Liberty,
stripes goes
is
symbol of
common
symbols on
and an have been omitted from the following quotations by
when
'George Washington
it
God who gave
us
is
plant of rapid growth.
life
gave us
same
liberty at
'Thomas Jefferson [3] Goodness is only investment that never

fails. -David Henry Thoreau [4] Shallow men believe in luck. Self-trust
is first secret of success.
-Ralph Waldo Emerson [5] One of greatest
time.
sources of strength of our country has been pioneering spirit.
Coolidge
[6]
First lesson in civics is that efficient
government should^
edged^;
[7] Sharp tongue is only
tool that grows keener with constant use. -Washington Irving [8] Great
difficulty in education is to get experience out of ideas, -George Santay^^,
[9]
I
is
great bundle of
little
believe in democracy because
it
Woodrow Wilson [11] Not one
made
comments about our mistakes.
new
three-room apartments in that
coffee from Brazil and Colombia.
States imports
He
has written
10
That Fifth Avenue
11
Ail of the children in that family have
12
Our English
thirty years.
inexpensive clothes.
store sells
instructor
building cost $300.
magazines for
articles for
wrote
unusual names.
examples on the blackboard.
USING THE
WORD
OTHER
295
In each section, choose one of the indicated forms of other for each sentence,
ANY
ANOTHER, THE OTHER,
OTHER, SOME OTHER
That building
Yes, those two examples are correct.
is
taller
than
in the city of
New
York.
things. -Oliver
overwork. 'William Neilson
188
letter
Your composition
Then
really can't
from
my
much
is
go now.
we'll have to
one?
day.
friend in Brazil
we
questions before
Write
too short.
next lesson?
start the
page or two.
Til have to go with you
go on Monday.
day.
don*t have the time
day.
ANOTHER, THE OTHER, THE OTHERS, OTHER

had two copies of
Children should be taught
it
originally, but
10
Can you think
Here are four boxes, but
being-
12
iôx^
13
He
14
There are two reasons for
human
down
student in thousand breaks
Are there
[1^1
Wendell Holmes
releases energy of every
received
Can you give me
-Calvin^
begin at home. -Charles Evans Hughes
Life
coffee around ten o'clock this morning.
articles.
begins to take root,
[2]
had
from ancient
centuries,
have been
People
QUOTATIONS BY FAMOUS AMERICANS
famous Americans, Supply the necessary
[1]
new
banners of nations, empires, companies and even individuals.
293
The
to create
who came brought traditions

Among traditions they brought was
civilization, star
students usually have to take examinations in their courses.
4
5
historical figures are less interesting than others.
The United
which radiate from sun.
rays of light
students actually enjoy cheating on examinations,
Afterwards, the teacher
ancient symbols on banners.
back into darkness of
New World
historical figures.
origins.
famous
famous
founded by people of other lands who came

to
America.
This book describes the lives of
Country was
have different
flag
to shores of
Various elements of present
too.
student has
how
one now.
can't find
people.
to get along with
example of the same thing?
of
much
can carry only two. Please bring
less liberty there
corrected a few papers, but he had

this.
no time to do
You know
189
countries.
than in
the
first.
Ill
tell
you
PREPOSITIONS IN EXPRESSIONS OF TIMI
296
(1)
Select the correct preposition for the blank or blanks in each sentence. If there
are two possibilities, give both and explain the difference. Use only the following
prepositions:
IN,
1
ON, AT, BY, FOR, TO, PROM, UNTIL, SINCE, DURING

He
would be leaving the dock
said the boat
My
Mr. and Mrs. Harrison have been
Those men have been working on the motor
The contractor hopes

The messenger won't
That student has been here
friend
We
in
AH
11
The Andersons
12
Pierre
13
The
14
Wait
15
Our
16
Mr. Johnson said
made
The
the time.
My
get back here
Just
Once
Edward's
friend
Bob
is
Til only
11
We
We
12
The
ten o'clock.
years.
October 1948,
fifteen minutes.
week
next Saturday.
arriving here a
meeting would begin
yesterday,
my
thought that the
19
Do
20
We
21
Mr. Foster worked there
you know
22
23
24
25
boss that
if
haven^t seen our friends the Moores
last
Dr. Westman's
office
returned
27
The
clerk said he
July 1943.
would
try to
will be too
10 a.m
hours are
The two children stayed awake

The director has never said a word about
You
it
was
in
the army
that time.
then.
have everything ready
a long time, everyone wondered
if
that
method could be
29
Mr. Kovalski works
30
Our boss, Mr. Howell, has worked for this company

Dean and Mrs. Brown will be in Oregon
June
31
that time.
in a factory
the day and studies
I'm usually completely exhausted
22
24
times,
felt as
though
Please submit your reports
26
27
September.
the
Do
I
those
is
to
me
first
time
men
usually get paid
life,
We
really don't
know what
the
girls usually
go
latest.
me.
the long run.
the
in
the class
month ?
the future.
changed
made
one day
to expect
for coffee
said to
week or
the past, people did a great deal of
The
man had
it,
he didn't argue about anything!
will be
once, not one of the students
the
Thursday
probably the best one

his
to finish
would never be able
191
190
the end of the day.
could hardly believe what the
hope that these conditions
^0
51
think your suggestion
28
29
the war/
first,
I
25
used.
night
last.
occasion,
23
eleven o'clock last night

the matter
do something about that
late.
3 p.rn-
time.
meeting
the meantime, Dorothy prepared dinner.
drove downtown
21
the time Uncle Robert gets your letter,
director has decided to
Tuesday.
the evening/
quite late
a taxi in order to get to the
20
an hour or more.
October 15?
coffee
19
really told us the truth.
would be there
succession.
we enjoy seeing a good Broadway play.

the same time.
Both of the men were trying to speak
the end, we decided that Harry was right about that matter.
now on.
Would you please try to be much more careful
Civil War.
the
about
novel
a
present, Arthur is working on
8:30 sharp.
Helen's parents plan to stay there
26
2S
once.
leave
time to see the end of the program.
got there just
had taken
to
15
18
18
told
man had
very long.
17
17
day.
improving day
14
16
that the
is
the beginning, everything seemed to be difficult for us.
twelve minutes.
be away
of English
don't think Mr. Holt plans to stay in England
13
right here for me.
enjoy eating at a French restaurant.
10
train will leave Pennsylvania Station
command
loud crash outside the house.
The captain ordered Sergeant Hardy

Howard drank three or four cups of
the tenth of August.
two or three
moment, we heard
I
time.
he had learned to speak English fluently.
the night.
United States
his first trip to the
all,
while,
nearby
trips to
time
cities
the beginning of the semester.
California
make
that
in
wife and
no time
later this afternoon.
to return to Detroit
doctor was busy with another patient
August.
April or May,
of the guests had finished eating dinner

lived
three hours now.
think the thief broke into the house sometime
10
DURING
3
last
to finish the entire job
She said she was going
ON, AT, BY, FOR, TO, PROM, UNTIL, SINCE,
IN,
the war.
Colombia
197
(1)
If there
Select the correct preposition for the blank or blanks in each sentence.
the following
are two possibilities, give both and explain the difference. Use only
prepositions:
25 minutes.
Allen married his sweetheart
Bill
PREPOSITIONS IN EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
a mistake.
the next,
work by hand.
the middle of the afternoon.
PREPOSITIONS IN EXPRESSIONS OF PLACE
298
explain the differences in meaning carefully.
(1)
If there are
several possibilities,
1
The
tallest
the world
building
It's
Their business
Our
165
drove
Our
They'll meet us
9
10
Did Ed park his car

Your friend can park
11
Joe
13
Main
friends drove
Martha ran
Do
front
the house or
the driveway?
our house.
Wisconsin now,
the University
The Smiths live

the
West Chestnut Street
Mr. Kennedy was walking
Madison Avenue when
Walk
15
They'll leave
England
16
They'll stop
the sidewalk, not
London
They plan to arrive

Are you going to go
Queen
way
the
their
London
University.
the
France and
York
or
24
25
That's right.
26
Turn
believe Fred's
the
left.
Mr. Shaw's house
How
is
San Francisco
be
wasn't
Chicago
There are people who don't care

far
He
town.
He went
He must
home.
28
roommate hung
The
I
12
He
13
Catherine took her
14
He
15
Harold
Alice
17
The
is
the third one
for driving
Los Angeles
32
33
student
Please
way
move
22
24
The airplane flew

The man dug many
You shouldn't sleep
25
He
26
The boys had
27
...
hook
the
kilometers?
the rug needs to be
Mr. Brown has

the aisle.
that tree.
to
Frank's house.
a window.
Don't
29
There's dust
night.
the bottom
the page.
line to get the tickets.
the shingles and

the edges
....
fall
...
the sign.
the roof.
those two windows.
Fred put the ladder
the side
31
AH
the graduation ceremony.
32
The
The
mine^3
his friends
this
hallway.
my
way!
swimming
lakes.
the shade.
Let's sit
the ground
to wait
....
washed and waxed.
the ground
small holes
couldn't read the words
slip
seats.
come
30
this city.
the basement.
the dark,
the other.
row
They*re
prefer
sits
the heavy clouds in order to miss the storm.
added the words
28
his shoulder.
first
right.
long tunnels.
our heads.
far
the attic
the ocean, but
enjoy sailing
a chair.
the box very carefully.
the chairs
difficult.
three years,
Alice and James
his office,
There's some shade
week.
the stairs
the floor
the
high fence.
rolled
army
the
Harold and James
his desk.
a very
hand and
dress
one side
sits
sits
part
new
box
20
Monday.
th&
South America has the apartment right
192
last
the wall
hung
the rope which
21
23
town
the child's
carried the
morning?
home, things always seem more
ball fell
pointed
whole book.
the
jumping
think that Dave's brother was
16
19
bed
the zoo
you are away
11
television?
the
the ladder three or four times.
the photograph
monkey escaped
When
10
school.
a business trip last
Mr. and Mrs. Anderson live just a few blocks

If you can't get
the house
the door, climb
There are quite a few trees
some sections
Father heard the noise and rushed
the stairs
31
Bill's
and
this book.
it
the easiest one
is
time do you usually get
If
27
30
page
there
If
the shelf?
the appendix
the radio or see
it
this
carpenter went
18
Fred's sister said he wasn't
29
What
Miami?
23
21
lesson
Italy.
22
20
Did Dorothy hear
The
The
street.
you don't drive faster, well arrive

the train station late.
Mr. Gomez was born
South America, but he moved
Cuba,
Bill and Tom drove
Washington
New York
five hours.
Mr. Harrison parked the car
least fifteen feet
the hydrant.
19
the drawer or
much information
will^find
Elizabeth tomorrow.
New
way
You
saw him.
Tuesday or Wednesday,
Spain
Did you put those packages
Street.
the bus too?
the alley
school
the store.
you ride
his car
Please be careful!
18
the post office.
Broadway and 8th
bus.
14
17
City.
their car, but they didn't see us,
us
work
going
York
299
(2)
are several possibilities, explain the differences in meaning carefully.
that building.
It's
the corner
always go
is
Street.
the block slowly while
12
the fiftieth floor
office is
office is
New
located
is
Madison Avenue and Park Avenue.
34th Street
PREPOSITIONS IN EXPRESSIONS OF PLACE
came
student's relatives
were
the building.
the audience too.
student looked handsome...his cap and gown.
193
It's
the sidewalk.
much too damp.
300
USEFUL IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS
Select the correct prepositions for the idiomatic expressions in each of the following sentences.
Robert resembles his grandfather
He
works very hard, or
Carol didn't seem to be excited
The dean
6
7
had
to take
You
don't like
it,
best, this
Were you
10
This tool
is
able to
is
do you?
the contrary,
make
use
the
delicate.
the event
I'm going to
14
Should
elevator isn't running now.
Ed has heard
It
must be
news
the
now? Yes,
16
the one hand,
17
the other hand,
The weather
It isn't
20
here
a very
a way,
21
Just
22
long, I'm sure you will be speaking English like a native.
my
I'm always
Mr. Harrison was
worst whenever
What's the use

Well,
24
Frankly,
Til
Would
That house on the corner
The
like the
my
to tell
weather
in
my
one thing,
my good
it
him
way
the truth?
28
Why
29
Professor
30
Paul said Mr. Fox was
31
My
wish he would come
the point.
take a chance
friend wants to get rid
It's
some
14
Mr. Johnson said he was
15
We
52
All
33
Mr. Meyer
a sudden, the
tried
to
man
translate the
whole
doing the work right away.
favor
Try
18
They
to
answer
was impossible
it
do anything about
to
go
way
Italy
19
Miss Williams makes most
20
The
21
Frank has to work
22
Did Mr. Kennedy park
23
We are really looking forward
girls
in the
to use
her
page
it.
detail.
England and France.
own
hand.
clothes
wrapping paper.
newspapers
place
night
order to earn
some
extra
money.
24
mistake,
Professor
our house?
front
his car
Hawaii and Japan.
our trip
my
took the wrong book
Moore
called
my
attention
desk
this
morning.
that particular mistake.
26
the most part, his explanations are quite easy to understand.
27
general, that
true.
we had
28
The
29
That
30
What*s the matter
31
32
Do
33
Certainly not!
teacher said
is
However, there are many exceptions.

heart.
to learn all these expressions
activities.
is
last year's
telephone directory.
company^
us put on his brakes.
word
had
that
the questions
all
are going to
to suggest either.
he leaves for Miami.
article
the bad weather.
account
postpone the picnic
the circumstances,
17
you are mistaken.
community
ahead
to
reading.
it.
finding our friends at the library?
in the car
had
extent.
wouldn't believe
salesman
all?
connection
always better to study vocabulary
16
never says what he thinks,
his car before
think you'd better not say anything to him.
think.
the question.
takes a great interest
13
to handle the matter.
mind
far the best
the time being,
Aren't you glad that you went to the party with us
the opportunity,
He
sale.
think you should explain your idea to the director.
all, I
position here.
is
He
First
too complicated.
is
were
that counter said those purses
clerk
it?
interested
12
losing his job.
country
don't have anything
Moore
the park this
Are you
sale.
sooner the better!
boss exactly what
can't think of any other
27
we
walk
a
is
for us.
afternoon?
little later.
the way, what did you think about the movie you saw yesterday?
don't
and couldn't wait
all,
danger
is
week?
25
26
you like to go
take examinations.
immediately.
office
The
means.
don't want to lose
telling
11
my
at
think that Frank's suggestion
I'm sorry, but
last
be back a
this particular case, I believe that

I
quite a hurry
it.
carefully.
it
too bad he didn't take advantage
hand,
23
is
good plan
it's
me
you
about
course,
10
him
all
want
lent
order.
me
he told
fact,
it.
matter with him once and
the moment, Mr. Foster
15
tell
trouble, call
settle that
start
book
that case, we'll use
12
13
love
following
the
in
a wonderful time during our vacation.
only a temporary substitute for the other one.
case anyone calls for me,
25
The
twelve credits a semester,
least
11
19
we had
all,
second thought, perhaps you are right about that matter.
18
AH
that impression.
the least about the news.
expressions
idiomatic
the
for
prepositions
the correct
the whole,
he gives
rate,
Select
301
IDIOMATIC EXPMSSIONS
sentences.
respects.
successful
any
said
many
was very
think the conference
COMMON
word-
haven't been able to get
Howard? He seems
touch
date now.
It's
to
be very angry.
Mr. Miller
all
day long.
you really think Doris threw those papers away
purpose?
away
accident.
I'm sure that Doris threw them
194
195
VERBS WITH AUiED PREPOSITIONS
302
(1)
correct prepositions for the blank spaces in the following sentences.

For additional practice, review Exercises 115 and 173.
Select the
You
We
Why
Professor Moore's friend
recommended
Mr. Howell, our
recommended George
They forced
My
Mr. Johnson
Students often compete
10
should
try to
cooperate
complained
us
wife and
Were
boss,
That man reminds
the condition of the house.
such a small matter?
Fred worries
are going shopping
We'll advise them
Tm
carpet.
She will profit
that matter.
rd
various school honors.
You
said he definitely disagreed
us
each other
they unable to collect any
money
think the treasurer strongly disapproves
11
You
13
Mr. Green
14
Don't you think you should remove the wêeds
15
16
There's no
17
18
Those two companies import chemicals
19
That corporation exports machinery
20
Did
should submit your application
it
21
Did you
We
We
your garden soon?
14
Why
traveling by train or bus.
15
Unfortunately,
this matter.
16
You
very long,
17
Sweden and Germany.
18
George
Latin American countries.
19
When
your plan?
20
Father says
convincing them they were wrong?
21
them
finally succeed
interest
27
You'd
better
Art said he planned
29
It
^0
The
31
32
You
33
all
difficult for
me
to
think
it's
don't
know why John
196
you read the newspapers, you should watch

it's
don't think that they'll approve
getting the
that fellow as soon as possible
27
the project.
28
Be sure
funny remark.
29
Could you supply us
cheating on the examination.
30
My
the other one.
31
His friends have constantly encouraged him
your success
other people.
32
Arthur told
me
all his troubles.
33
After you've done this page, refer
a poor student
friend Arthur
me
money
is still
working
he hadn't decided
197
in that
way.
new
invention.
that wall!
that particular subject.
wood
the rain and snow.
having you to their house.
thank your host and hostess

several
another.
good one overnight.

your
you
thick layer of paint will protect the

to
that article.
that wall. There's fresh paint
don't care to argue
help you.
other people's affairs.
enjoy gossiping
should be able to interest those people
to
hard to distinguish one make of car
Frankly,
his
him
can rely
that little suitcase.
blaming
insists
You
Please don't lean
easy to confuse these two expressions
really shouldn't boast
a dependable person.
26
smiling
teacher suspected the student
is
your rude remarks,
Virginia
25
department
those clothes
keep
matter carefully before making a decision.
another one.
that
devote a great deal of time
to
this
think you ought to apologize
You
this
demand an answer
28
was
fit
should think
five o'clock.^
anything to suggest at that time.
couldn't think
problem?
They
can
24
25
how you
meeting us here shortly after
don't you plan
lists.
away?
our suggestion so strongly.
object
23
Don't you think you'd better consult your lawyer
don't see
why you
the real value of the plan.
24
it's
really don't see
those
that matter right
Thomas has changed

Some people seem to
members
spent since you arrived.^
some names
22
the
him
money you've
of the committee.
weren't able to convince them
are going to transfer
the
all
important, would you attend
Since
talking
that soon.
think that we'll have to eliminate
12
suggested that possibility
26
13
company express
the officials of the
22
11
a friend.
way we can prevent people
in this class.
that in the front office.
our new system.

first.
will be difficult to hide the truth
work
friend
can inquire
10
had obtained the information
said that he
a scholarship there.
her
Can you account
May
our change in plans.
my
warn
better
much.
that very
going to apply
company?
this office before
definitely prefer traveling by air
think
room
the insurance
12
23
the matter.
living
his honesty.
wonder
Sometimes
grandfather.
his brother a great deal.
new
highly,
really respect
promotion.
arguing
a ridiculous position
.........
him
book
that
my
me
that man
your friends
303
(2)
Select the correct prepositions for the blank spaces in the following sentences.
every way.
that organization
the landlord
did you quarrel
VERBS WITH ALLIED PREPOSITIONS
more copies of the announcement?

his
novel about the Civil
name
his difficult
for his
War.
work.
new novel
yet.
the answers in the appendix.
ADJECTIVES WITH ALLIED PREPOSITIONS
304
(1)
Select the correct prepositions for the blank spaces in the following sentences.
1
Were
I'm sure the explanation in the book will be quite clear
That type of Deisel motor is

Mrs. Parker was very upset
Vm
We
My friend Howard
Don't you think you should
getting a loan from the bank?
your friends successful
not familiar
certainly
the
hope that David
were very grateful
10
You
11
Tm conscious
12
Mr. Anderson
13
That type of music
14
At
15
Fred
aware
is
our friends
try to
present,
my
his
new equipment.
your classmates?
other people's feelings.
Tm
offending them.
afraid
hiring and firing employees.
responsible
teen-age boys and girls.
quite popular
my
daily expenses are just about equal
income.
doing better work than he's doing at present.
capable
is
me.
of their assistance.
be friendly
their feelings, but
is
all
very enthusiastic
should try to be considerate
is
father's death.
the problems involved.
all
16
We
17
Are you
18
Yes, I'm certain
19
There's really no need for you to be afraid
20
The
21
Mr. Berg was proud
were very doubtful

positive
his ability to finish the job

that?
it.
Why
find
do you seem
to
by himself.
be so skeptical
the examination.
good marks on the English examination.
My
23
If this
24
Can you
25
Pierre said he'
26
We're
27
After next weekend,
28
31
advertising for women's clothes.

That fashion magazine is full
George is still very loyal
his friends despite their argument.
That man's personality makes him unfit
any higher position.
Thin gloves like these aren't very suitable
that kind of work.
32
He's generous
29
30
33
is
plan
good
satisfactory
is
tell
still
yours, but
similar
me how many men
I'll
quite different
present
it
Frank*s.
to the committee.
work
were absent
had become quite fond
last
week?
American hamburgers!
hearing from our friends before Saturday.
hopeful
basic
you,
it's
I'll
his
be completely free
money. He's generous
knowledge of English
198
is
essential
It
all
my
friends
and
seemed quite
could
the results of the election,
were very happy
evident
certainly kind
Well, you were very kind
Smith's a good person to work
It
Unfortunately,
you
help
to
was good
I
Moore
Professor
11
Bill
12
It's
13
In
14
The salesman
come
you
to
am
not good
It
with that
to
me
quite apparent
his employ^^^-
work.
help us with our
people's names.
remembering
students.
his English
always very patient
is
membership.
He's eligible
do
a chance to
that he's eager
opinion, traveling by air
work.
his health.
would be good
evening
this
difficult
asked you for some help.
He's good
should submit an application.
my
me
me when
wish Carl would take a vacation.
10
traveling by
preferable
is
was
said that overcoat
it.
tf^^*^*
one.
the other
her hands.
identical
15
Dorothy
16
Do
17
18
19
send you a gift on your birthday.

Fred said the weather was perfect
taking color photographs.
20
You
21
Our foreman, Mr. Howell,
22
Mrs.
23
At the moment, one
24
Dogs
25
You'll find that this tool
26
That new product
27
28
The new model

Some teachers
29
Since
30
Don't you think a small car would be adequate
31
Frankly,
worries!
It
She says
likes that kind of soap.
you think
this dress
can't understand
should
is
more
is
to
always very
it
Paint
33
The
is
is
will
roughly equivalent
three pesos.
is
certain
properly.
treated
different things.
year.
the public late next
the old one in

their
offense, the judge
incapable
if
many
very useful
are more liberal
think Roger
fine
their masters
be available
first
critical
her suppo^^-
definitely inferior
was the man's
opinions.
other people's
our work.
her son Richard
are usually very faithful

is
success.
your friend's
tolerant
is
easy
occasion.
that kind of
jealous
dependent
dollar
it's
appropriate
Martha
try to be
Wagner
is
why you're
was thoughtful
32
giving to charities.
advanced work.
was
It
something.
was very angry
his face that he
tell
satisfied,
behavior that he wasn't
his
it?
22
plan
My
difficult to believe!
the results of the examination.
students are very anxious

his
extremely
it
type.
name, but his face seems familiar
his
is
news of her
305
{2)
the correct prepositions for the blank spaces in the following sentences.
Select
you.
any other
definitely superior
ADJICTIVES WITH ALUED PREPOSITIONS
my
students than
was
lenient
opif^*^'^-
others.
^^
our purposes.
handling such a hard )0
kinds of surfaces, but not
this Ki^
behavi
the man's very peculiar
police were suspicious
199
for the blank spaces in
Select the correct prepositions
Albert said he was very ashamed
Tom
very devoted
is
We
Although
name
his
Mary married
She was engaged
Now she is
I
Arthur
10
11
12
is
same
the
engaged
That textbook
13
John was so
made were
14
15
The
Our
16
clerk said
all
he was
the hard
him.
work
textbook.
that he could hardly move.
hearing complaints day after day.
tired
what
not pleasing
that particular
conference was interrupted
was confused
Plains.
beginning and intermediate students.
intended
tired
North
a great deal of criticism.
don't think that I'm acquainted
in
telephone
times.
his unusual question.
answer
to say
calls several
19
When
a story by Faulkner.
21
My
Paul
23
Of
24
Mr. Burke
25
26
getting
interested
course, almost everyone

is
large
The
28
amount of money was
Dr.
K. Davis
That hotel
is
well
is
known
you
going out
......
11
12
He was
13
Harold annoyed us
in the rain.
flattered
Jim
a great deal of praise.
flattered
him
telling
very flattered
14
He annoyed
15
We
16
She went
nice things.
of our praise.
all
his constant advice.
giving us very bad advice.
us
were annoyed
his
monotonous
voice.
her friend, but she returned
to the library
little
him
herself.
help, I'm sure that student will improve very rapidly.
he
will
become very
proficient quickly,
They decorated
26
27
The auditorium was also decorated

Ed thought we had offended Arthur
28
Do
29
Yes,
fine food.
30
Paul disappointed
$3500.
31
Although
her.
32
of your kindness and attention.
33
You can't injure Foster's reputation

What do you expect to gain
saying
a consultant.
that man's honesty.
the bank during the night.
was involved
I
the robbery.
gave her for her birthday.
the leading specialist in that
pleasant atmosphere and
200
got them dirty
We
We
25
the gift
all
He
mud.
24
Don't you think Mary's new spring coat

very indebted
the loud explosion.
23
32
am
Mr. Brown's shoes were covered
parts.
the news.
Mr. Miller's expense account was increased
10
second-hand
just as well
were frightened
that college.
31
33
motor would work
We
The holes in that wall were repaired

the carpenter yesterday.
The carpenter covered the holes in the wall
pieces of wood.
The carpenter repaired the wall
putting wood over the holes.
The auditorium was decorated
the boys from our English class,
stolen
its
said the
a special tool.
using second-hand parts in the motor.
22
convinced
regarded
He
motor
able to repair the old
21
police said a well-known criminal
W.
Joe saved a lot of money
good mechanic.
classwork.
my
some information about
think Martha was pleased
The mechanic was
an expensive camera.
a very
However, he often makes himself understood
a large corporation
is
those nice photographs
motor had been repaired
Right now, he can speak English only
was happy and excited
employed
don't think Mr, Anderson
27
30
is
all
the
19
a student because he looks so young.
often taken
me
George.
20
was reminded
English teacher said he was quite satisfied
22
29
is
Joe told
practicing constantly,
any radical changes.
Mr. Moore
George took
18
All the executives were strongly opposed
20
photographs had been taken
her mother's poor health.
18
article, I
said all those
Barbara has been very concerned
read that
Mr. White
307
for each blank space in the following sentences.
17
17
mih
last June.
receiving criticism by this time.
Arthur's friends
is
new home
prepared
quite accustomed
The comments
him
him.
months before they got married.
decorating their
is
their kind assistance.
as mine, I'm not related
for ten
Choose by or
too.
it
AND WITH
THE PRiPOSITIONS BY
bad manners.
She got married
a wealthy man.
him
following sentences.
his friend's
our friends
hope Arthur
certainly
is
the
work. He's well qualified
his
feel very obligated
WITH ALLIED PREPOSITIONS
PARTICIPLES
306
is
$2000
very becoming
field.
the
a great deal of
whole auditorium
beautiful silver ribbons.
pretty Japanese lanterns.
our remarks about his book.
you think Arthur was offended

I
definitely think
me
our criticism of his book,?
we offended Arthur
criticizing his book.
refusing to help
was disappointed
me
his refusal,
201
difficulty.
using his hands.
lies
all
my
assignment.
didn't argue
about his private
of those things
him.
life.
about him?
THE PRIPOSiTIONS TO
308
Put the italicized indirect object after the direct object

to or for.
George gave me the box.
We
bought Doris a
My
My
brother
and add the preposition
Review Exercises 68 and 69 on page 40 before doing
John
friend
George gave the box
to leave
me
lent
getting her young
Mr. and Mrs. Harvey gave us the theater
The
That student showed
think this
new method
me.
man
tickets yesterday.
the best job in the department.
saves us a lot of time
Moore
Afr.
his
made her
and
homework
before
class.
evening gown.
Mr. Doe accompanied the president as

This example
The people always wore dark

The people always wore dark
It's
Close relatives
is
all
Childhood
î
12
Howard handed me
12
After a while,
13
13
14
Every day
15
wish you would accept
16
enjoyed
17
new spring coat and hat yesterday.

Robert Wagner sold Thomas his old Ford three weeks ago.
The people gave us a grand demonstration when we arrived.
The students sang us some folk songs from their country.
Margaret's uncle built ?aul and her a beautiful new home.
17
18
Would you
19
Richard's cousin James found him a place to stay overnight.
15
16
20
please bring
me
certainly regret causing
the books just as soon as possible.
Tom and
you
Choose
First of all
We
First I
we had
went shopping
can go
to
these
first
of
all
downtown with you now and
went
to
Greece and
Italy
the last election
9
^^
we went to a
that we met our
dinner together
we
finish
didn't hear any
seemed
York has
to
That
20
In
all
this
we
me.
and so
forth,
children,
to certain privileges.
others, left his country
a boy.
dish washers.
AFTER vs LATMR
Choose after or
(
311
later for the blank space in each of the

to these sentences wherever necessary.
I'm going to a meeting
now
he asked
all.
to society.
a century to
don't have nice appliances
friend.
more about
had been before.
soccer, baseball,
you are entitled
many
country,
York.
a token of our gratitude.
We
We
that.
it
menace
treats his students
officer,
us.
special problems.
that are a
the school sports
scientist,
my
New
own
spent on that ship seemed
good teacher never
19
its
be the same
we had argued for while Bill finally gave in to me.

that we seldom had any trouble with our neighbors.
that fellow asked me if I really meant what I had said.
we had settled that everything else seemed to be clear.
202
New
flew to Paris.
realized that they hadn't told us the truth at
it
good example for
the whole world
movie.
my work
that
city in
cities,
a former
commas
sentences wherever necessary.
this trouble.
after or afterward(s) for the blank space in each of the following senten-
Add conimas
of
no
always think that people
1^
AUlt v$ AFTERWARDrS;
309
ces.
all
big
all
meet Americans.
the very beautiful day which precedes a storm.
is
really
is
to
an extremely serious probleni.
this is
Father's behavior always served
Mr. Harris teaches American students French and Spanish.
14
me
uncles, cousins, etc. usually lived nearby.
of you know,
There
us.
and gray.
colors such as black, brown, etc.
quite difficult for a stranger
11
Mrs. Fox bought herself a
colors like black, brown,
9
10
a special representative.
one which you showed
(just) like the other
Catherine's grandmother
the newspaper and pointed to the headline.
310
10
a beautiful
AND UKi
AS,
trouble.
SUCH
AS,
Choose as or like for the blank space in each sentence. Indicate those sentences
in which both like and such as can be used. Study the examples carefully.
daughter a glass of water.
Mrs. Farrell
director offered the
exercise.
seventeen dollars on Friday night.
is
to
this
WORDS
THI
We bought a gift for Doris.

me some money tonight.
gift.
going
is
AHD fOk
had a chance
to speak to the
spoke to those men
want
to
men
but
but
can't
the meeting.
do
it
right
we had
the conference we mentioned that matter

he said that he would try to meet us
1
had
that.
me what I intended to say.

he returned with a notebook in his hands.
a little while
1^
now.
can speak to you
Add
in the evening.
in their office
speak to you
while
little
following sentences.
discussed the matter he agreed with us completely.
said that to
him
realized that
203
to
him again.
the lecture.
had made a
naistakc.
312
Use the
form of each verb
correct
While
other day,
we
since July twentieth.
(talk)
semester.
so
much
as possible."
mission
that
He
(be)
it
He
You
the most difficult English
(take)
(offer)
at this school.
teacher
see,
(interest)
(get)
in
Then
quite possible because he
(lose,
degree as soon
his advisor for per-
(ask, already)
and
credits the next semester,
my
his advisor
(state)
such good marks in
(get)
all
"I
I
am
(say)
success.
Then
to John.
Before
(make)
asked him
you what he
tell
you when you
"The
my
(neglect)
(recite)
not)
to
(study)
in
(learn)
put off
up)
my
(sit
is
Of
me
(tell)
I
course, this will be quite obvious
This
(do).
(avoid) (write)
First of all,
am
always manage
down)
until very late
at
my
if
grammar.
recall
(study)
desk with
(finish)
him
mitted to
how
realize
semester,"
that
am
my
(have)
at least
my
time for such an important thing as
204
new
(learn)
my
(study,
(go)
you
a day.
wish that
(do)
in
if
(be)
You
know
to
(do)
you
that
mind (give up)

This knowl-
(get)
sug-
what my
semester.
with
little difficulty
same course
the
(pass)
my
ad-
"Now
last semester.
diligent last
much
John
(had)
with
When
work
me, "Right
(study)
every!
(work)
(be)
(consider) (be)
the
There's no reason
why
harder
agreed
and
in the future.
205
(agree)
last semester.
You
better
said to
(plan)
In fact, you
Undoubt-
examination.
good marks now."
promised that
French course
course,
(touch, not)
good marks when you
best student in your class.
you
(follow)
more
now!"
that,
never
(stay
im-
course,
(discuss)
(be)
Of
examination
in this course.
(come)
you
you,
(get)
high school.
up
(hear)
regularly.
this course next semester.
than you
night.
how
Of
gave him the name
(take)
sure that
felt
just before the
this
(come)
now,
you
the final examination.
him about the conversation
(enroll)
(fail)
After
the
very hard the
him
lot of
When
(reali2e)
too.
(have)
(pass)
(study)
if I
"Mr. Grimm,
that time
to
English lesson
English.
told
Mr. Goulet,
said,
(be)
explanation, John
the time you
never object
resist
John that
to
(fail)
foolish that
(force) (repeat)
don't hesitate
don't
had
you
Then we
it.
refuse
always interested
two hours
textbook.
assignments.
teacher,
edly,
I
(read)
(study, not)
you are very smart
said.
Then
him.
(say)
always prepared
the assignments.
something new about the English language.

friends
what he
is
(know) those things which
the fine points of English
my
the secret of his
should explain that John
simple, Peter.
some students
never pretend
never try
the movies with

I
success
studies as
in class.
yet.
(study).
my
he
the next paragraph.
(read)
secret of
if
(reply),
(be, always) a very diligent student.

to
mentioned
(be, not)
English class several months earlier.
and
it
However,
(deserve)
in English."
good work
the
simple!"
it
(say).
your English now.
about the course John (take)
the previous semester but
(improve)
Isn't
John
told
(think)
"I
course in French at the moment. I told
After
such good progress so far,"
my
"But you
good foundation
in
(buy)
me
the previous semester
that you
(hear)
glad
(use)
( tell)
of
his previous English classes.
(have)
There!
what John
Well,
section next year,
John (keep up)

I
After that,
my
(advance)
(be)
it
gested that he
the twelve credits which
(take, always)
also said that he
more
portant
of the book
ready
in the future.
the truth.
of your time to
all
into the
two semesters before, and by next semester, he
iuU-time program for a ioreign student However,
time.
(take)
(get)
(encourage)
(complete)
for fifteen or eighteen credits next semester.
(enroll)
he
the elementary course
"Until now," he said, "I
not)
(devote)
that
a course in English this semester.
course
me
(take)
(be)
minimum
He
(be)
it
me
method (be) simple.

(work) so hard," I added.
credit for
his
this
to
(exaggerate)
that I
you that
312
cent.
so sure that his
in
classes
said that he
(do)
(think)
(assure)
Naturally,
how he
told
You
whom
each other for a few
to
asked him
old friend John,
edge (prove) (be) invaluable
the campus the
across
my
(meet)
(stop)
minutes.
(make)
(walk)
(see, not)
in the following selection.
in parentheses
OF A STUDENT"
'THE LIFE
OF A STUDENT'
'THE LIFE
my
with
French
Mr. Goulet
a book since
APPENDIX
MEASUREMENTS: ENGUSH AND METRIC EQUIVALENTS
THE CARDINAL NUMBERS
LINEAR MEASURE
one
two
three
eleven
twenty-one
21
12
twelve
22
twenty-two
13
thirteen
30
thirty
forty
four
14
fourteen
40
five
15
fifteen
50
fifty
six
16
sixteen
sixty
seven
17
seventeen
eight
18
eighteen
60
70
80
nine
19
20
nineteen
10
ten
200
1000
2000
seventy
eighty
90
100
twenty
two hundred
one thousand
two thousand
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
ninety
one hundred
a hundred
ten thousand
one hundred thousand

one million
THE ORDINAL NUMBERS

1st
first
11th
eleventh
21st
2nd
second
12th
twelfth
22nd
twenty-second
3rd
third
13th
thirteenth
30th
thirtieth
4th
fourth
14th
fourteenth
40th
fortieth
5th
fifth
15th
fifteenth
50th
fiftieth
6th
sixth
16th
sixteenth
60th
sixtieth
"7
seventh
17th
seventeenth
70th
seventieth
8th
eighth
18th
eighteenth
80th
eightieth
9th
ninth
19th
nineteenth
90th
ninetieth
10th
tenth
20th
twentieth
100th
th
twenty-first
one hundredth
a
U.S.
hundreth
MONETARY UNITS
BILLS
(PAPER MONEY):
$ 50.00 or
$50
fifty
COINS (SILVER MONEY)
dollars
.50 or 50^
fifty cents
a half dollar
$ 20.00 or 120
twenty dollars
.25 or
$ 10.00 or $10
ten dollars
.10 or 10^
5.00 Of
$5
five
<
1.00 or
ll
one dollar
25^
twenty- five cents

a quarter
ten cents
a
dollars
dime
.05
or
5^
five cents
.01
or
1^
one cent
a penny
a nickel
a dollar
*
1.25
2.50
$128.50
one dollar and twenty-five cents; a dollar and a quarter

t^'o dollars and fifty cents; two and a half dollars; two
one hundred (and) twenty-eight dollars and fifty cents;
one (hundred and) twenty-eight fifty
206
fifty
TEMPERATURES: Fahrenheit and Centigrade

c
(Celsius)
Equivalents
THE 48 STATES OF THE UNITED STATES
AND
THEIR CAPITALS
CD
ec
>
It.
o
<
J
<
U
X
oZ
a.
lU
COMMONLY USED
Wt/)
UJ
>
U
Ul
o
<
z
o
z
o
lu
a.
IRREGULAR VERBS
COMMONLY
1ST FORM
(Present)
USED IRREGULAR VERBS
(Cont.)
LIST
n.
OP
COMMON
ABBREVIATIONS
^Conf.;
50
am going to
We
The teacher is going to explain

6
are going to attend
study
8 Mr. Wilson and Mr. Johnson are going to be.
52 3 Will Mr. and Mrs. Wilson arrive in Detroit on Monday? 4 Will you
finish all of the work before tomorrow? 5 Will many people attend the meeting
tomorrow night? 6 Will there be enough food and coffee for everyone?
53 3 Is Bill Brown going to eat lunch with us today? 4 Is Mr. Foster going
to quit his job with the Ajax Company? 5 Are all of the students going to
the lecture tonight? 6 Are you going to accept his offer for a job with that
4 The Andersons won't
company? 54 3 Our friends won't (will not) go
5 Mr, Johnson's secretary won't (will not) be
6 Mr. Berg
(will not) leave
won't (will not) attend
55
3 The Browns aren*t (are not) going to buy
5 My friend Frank isn't (is not) going
4 I'm (I am) not going to answer
6 Miss Stewart and I aren't (are not) going to go shopping
to join
60 1
many 2 lunch 3 very 4 much 5 much 6 very 7 very much 8 very much
11 much
12 very many
14 many 63
10 many
13 much
9 very many
8 will have
7
too
64
much 2 too many 3 too much, too 4 too many, too 5 too, too many
some 6 any 7 some 8 any 9 some 10 any 11 any (some) 12 some 13 any
67 1 no one 2 anyone 3 No one 4 anyone 5 no one 6 anyone

one 8 anyone 68
(Part One) 3 The agent sold Mr. and Mrs. Hanson
the house. 4 We gave Martha a birthday present yesterday. 5 Mr. Johnson sent
the Jiffy Company a letter. 6 Did the boy throw his friend the baseball? (Part
Two) 3 Dr. Davis gave the tickets to Charles. 4 Did the manager offer the
job to that fellow? 5 Mr. Meyer told the story of his narrow escape to us. 6
Louise and Betty sent a birthday gift to Mary last week.
69 1 leaves 2 is
using 3 go 4 is preparing 5 is running 6 understands 7 are finishing 8 need
9 are watching 10 are reviewing 11 wants 12 go 74 6 Yes, they are 7 No,
14 any (some)
No
they don't. 8 Yes, they were. 9 Yes, I do. 10 No, there wasn't 11 Yes, she did.
12 Yes, she will. 13 No, they didn't. 14 No, I'm not. 15 Yes, there were.
79 1 Where 2 When 3 Why 4 When 5 Where 6 Why 7 Where 8 Why

9 When 10 Why 11 Where 12 When 13 Where 14 Why 87
1
Where
2 Whose 3 What 4 How much 5 Which 6 Who 7 Whom (Who) 8 How
old 9 How much 10 How 11 Which 12 What 13 When 14 How often 15 What
16 Where 17 Who 18 What 19 Who 20 How long 21 Whom (Who) 22 Why
23
How
30
What
far
24
89
How many
4
When
25
is
How
Bill's
26
How
Birthday?
27
5
Why 28 How long

How many floors
29
are
How
there
tall
in
6 Why is John coughing? 7 When did the Browns leave for home?
did the students study? 9 Whose briefcase is that? 10 How many guests
were there at the party last night? II When did Mr. Burke buy his new car?
12 How far is Detroit from there? 13 (At) what time do their classes usually
that building?
What
begin?) 14 Why are you going to go?

15
does that customer want?
93 4 has
explained 5 have lived 6 has hired 7 have already mentioned 8 have followed
9 has improved 10 has copied 11 have tried 12 has never traveled 13 has increased
14 have studied
94 4 has taken 5 has flown 6 have already done 7 have
forgotten 8 have been 9 have known 10 have fallen 11 has already had 12 I
have already read his letter and written a reply to him, 13 have had 14
have already seen Mr. Duncan and spoken to him about that.
99 3 have
read 4 read 5 studied 6 has studied 7 lived 8 has lived
9 had 10 have had 11 saw
12 has seen 13 have been 14 were 15 have traveled 16 traveled
100 1 have
studied 2 has taught 3 think, is knocking 4 pays
5 have seen 6 usually rains
7 have been 8 have made 9 owes 10 am, have forgotten 11 is sitting 12 have
had 13 is looking 14 comes 15 have heard
7
was she? No, she
101
(When do their classes usually

How many packages of cigarettes
begin?
We
218
did he (she)? No, he (she)

9
won't they? Yes they wiU,
11
she has.
she? No, she doesn't.
does
14
were.
13
12
weren't there?
102 1 from
are they? No, they aren't.
didn't they? Yes, they did. 15
103 at 2 at, in 3 in
2 before 3 after 4 ago 5 before 6 from 7 before 8 ago
104 1 at
4 on 5 in 6 on 7 at 8 on 9 in 10 at 11 on 12 in 13 in, at 14 on
2 at 3 on 4 in 5 at 6 In 7 in 8 In 9 in, at 10 on, at 11 in 12 on 13 at 14 in
106 (Part One) 1 for 2 since 3 since 4 for 5 for 6 since 7 since 8 for
107 (Part One) 1 by 2 in 3
1 in 2 for 3 in 4 for 5 in 6 for 7 for 8 in
by 4 in 5 in 6 by 7 by 8 in (Part Two) 1 until 2 by 3 until 4 by 5 by
wasn't.
didn't.
10
Yes,
he?
doesn't
hasn't
he does,
she? Yes,
Yes, they
(Part Three) 1 by 2 for 3 by 4 for 5 by 6 for 7 for 8 by

until 2 for 3 until 4 for 5 for 6 until 7 for 8 until (Part
(Part Three)
1 in
1 in 2 until 3 in 4 until 5 in 6 until 7 in 8 until
2 for 3 for 4 in 5 in 6 for 7 in 8 for 114 1 on 2 in 3 in 4 at, in 8 at (on)
9 in 10 at, at 11 in 12 in 13 in, on 14 at 15 at, on 16 in, on 17 at 18 in 19
by
until 7 until 8
108
Two)
at
One)
(Part
20 on 21 on 22 on 23
in
24 on 25
26
in
at,
at
27 in 28
29 on, in
in
in,
on, in 32 on, in
115 1 for 2 for, in 3 for 4 about 5 to 6 about
11
10
in
at,
at 12 on, for 13 from 14 to 15 with, about (over,
for
7 to 8 for 9
on), at 16 about, in 17 on, to 18 for 19 on 20 of 21 on 22 of 23 for, on
30
in 31
24 from, to (into) 25 at 26 to 27 to 28 on, for 29 about (of) 30 with

116 1 for 2 about (over) 3 of 4 from 5 at 6 about,
31 with, in 32 with, in
toward 7 in 8 of (with) 9 about 10 for 11 with (over) 12 to 13 in, to 14 at, for
15 of (about), on 16 of, to, on 17 of 18 for, of 19 of 20 for, about 21 on, for
22 of, from 23 of (about) 24 of 25 to, from (than) 26 to 27 with 28 of,
117 5 still 6 any more
in (about) 29 to, for 30 for 31 of (about) 32 to
7 still 8 any more 9 still 118 4 already 5 yet 6 already 7 yet 8 already 9 yet
119 1 already 2 yet 3 still 4 yet 5 still 6 still 7 already 120 5 too (also)
6 also 7 either 8 too (also) 9 also 121 1 doesn't 2 I'm 3 She's 4 It'll 5 She's
1011
don't 12 We're
not (She isn't) 6 Where's 7 I'm 8 didn't 9 wasn't
ve
13 It's 14 wasn't 15 What's 16 There's 17 That's 18 didn't 19 Who'll 20
28 won't 30
32 There's not (There isn't) 33 haven't 122 5 William
23
8 Are Mr.
6 The children are often very active
and Richard usually work
10 Dorothy and
9 Do you always study
and Mrs. Harvey usually at home
12 Mr, Wilson rarely
11
1 never watch
doesn't that student ever write
14 Have you ever listened
15 The director is always in his office.
has time
We
Why
124
and "time" 2
few minutes ago. 4
'"place"
street
down
Mr. Hart*s house on Thursday. 3

place" and
on page 80 yesterday.
the clerk doubtfully,
at
the
'manner"
*'
movies with your friends?
to the
at
at
the
for
two
6 has
made 9
bear
very well now. 3

"manner" and "time" 2
her lessons at
hours every night. 4
quite early in the morning.
125 2
a dress
my paycheck at the office every Friday. 4
home every evening, 3
without any difficulty yesterday. 5
my dictionary from my desk last night.
6
too much coffee at breakfast this morning. 7
lunch with them after the
meeting.
her trip to me several times. 3
his wife flowers after work.
126 2
4
the lessons to the students in class. 5
their daughter a bracelet for her
birthday. 6
Mr. Moore her homework after class..
library for three hours,
ANSWERS FOR ADVANCED SECTION

127
knows
graduated
10
(has
have seen
called
128
just
11
1
worked 3
has
been
circles
sold
graduated)
12
has
is
writing
worked
(EXERCISES 127-312)
finishing
are
is
13
repairing
has
explained
219
rains
lived
8
14
has
lost
has
is
4 has been
15 have
spent 6 have
taking
5
just
7 should be reported 8 have to be completed 179 3 to be transferred 4 being

deceived 5 to be cheated 6 being informed 7 to be promoted 180 5 Martha
did too. 7 You should too. 8 They don't either. 9 He has
wasn't either. 6
Neither do they,
too. 181 5 So does Tom. 6 Neither has she. 7 so should we. 8
never seen 7 returned 8 has studied 9 have spoken 10 was 11 have traveled
12 has never seen 13 have not (haven't) finished 14 had 15 have had 130 2
have been studying 3
4 has been feeling 5 have been waiting 6
7
has already been talking 132 1 beautifully 2 happy 3 good 4 usually, well
good 6
rapid,
cautiously 7
quietly,
happy
3 happily, calmly 4 beautiful,
136
134
real
smooth
6 ready 7
carefully,
carefully, expensive
We
but I did.
but we haven't. 6
but I will. 5
9 Neither can Bob. 182 4
but Ralph can. 183 3
but Mary didn't. 9
7
but Mr. Green doesn't. 8
but I intend to tonight. 5 Would you like to ? (Would
but I don't need to. 4
but
but he won't be able to. 8
to either. 7
intend
don't
and I
you?) 6
can you? No, I can't. 6
are they? No, they aren't. 5
he has to. 184 4
happy
different,
no 2 not 3 hasn't 4 no, no, can not (can't) 5 not (isn't)

(do not) 7 no 8 isn't, no, not 9 not 10 not 11 no 12 not
was more tactful than
was
13 not, no 14 not, Don't 15 not 137 11
12
as nervous as
13
is the most popular man
14
is older than
15
was
recently
don't
not, no,
didn't he? Yes,

won't he? Yes, he will. 8
Yes, he did. 7
have you? No, I haven't. 185 3 When
didn't you? Yes, I did. 10
9
are they going to leave? 4 Why must you go to the bank? 5 Where is the bridge
across the river? 6 About how long does the whole trip take? 7 How will the
four packages be sent? 8 Whose bicycle can Martha borrow tomorrow ? 9 How
didn't he?
139 I much 2 much 3 many 4 much 5 much

much 8 many 9 much 140 I as 2 from 3 to 4 as 5 to 6 from 7 as
as 142 7
as easily as
8
more often than
better than
9
the clumsiest of the live players.
6 many
8 from 9
10
as thoroughly as
16
of
worse than
143
6
..
...as
clearer
than
work
14
4 Our teacher
men
14
earlier than
18
the
yours.
11
harder on
buildings.
the best of
sooner than
calmly as they.
(least) confidently of
careful
12
17
the
calm
are loading the truck
morning. 3 That proposal
(least)
(less)
carefully than
3
5
confident
the most
12
145
our homework.
(they, etc.)
as
My
the least
of
do.
(least)
10
wisely
(less)
13
of.
opened the two packages.

That company has constructed two
didn't clean that
secretary
room
carefully yesterday.
146 2 The mail is opened by the secretary every

being considered by the committee right now. 4 That
army next year. 5 He has been transferred to

6 Will the announcements be distributed by the
company? 7 That interesting article about Paris was written by an artist. 8 Today
English is spoken by a large number of people. 147 I was shocked 2 enjoyed
3 is taught 4 is being considered 5 happened 6 has taught 7 will divide 8 borrowed 9 has been said 10 has written 11 was promoted 12 occurred 13 will bring
project will be completed by the
another department by his boss.
ftave to
be reserved 4 can be obtained
220
should be tried 6 must be reported
unusual.
8 [who had
on?
exercise
wanted
[who
gets
quickly.
results
stolen the jewels.
190
[whose name was very
Whom (Who)
are
Thomas
me
On
to deliver?
195
The fellow walking with Edward is his

children. 5 The answer usually given
book know by almost

6 The message delivered by them solved the mystery.
196 3 imported 4 running 5 dancing 6 assumed 7 existing 8 stolen 198
2 [that the test will be difficult.] 3 [that Smith will be chosen, ] 4 [that
4 That's
brother.
to this cjuestion
17 of completing 18 about losing, for replacing 19 of attending 20 about (over)

of seeing 22 on learning 23 in knowing 24 to hearing 25 of listening
7 to eliminate 8 trying 9 traveling 10 to reserve 11 hearing 12 leaving 13 to buy

14 usmg 15 waiting 16 to suggest 17 writing 18 to receive 19 knowing
20 to
leave 21 telling 22 studying, to interrupt
23 to say 24 seeing 25 to include 26
ustenmg 27 to risk losing 28 to be 29 interrupting
30 to give 31 to pay 32 taking
175 5 to see 7 to reveal 10 knowing 21 to tell 27 writing 28 studying 29 to
know 30 to do 31 to gi\e 32 to understand 33 to
exaggerate 177 I leaving
2 to get 3 to stay 4 to hear 5 Learning 6 to return 7 seeing
8 to criticize 9 leaving
10 to attend 11 to show 12 opening 13 Writing
14 quitting 15 to lock 178 3
yesterday]
(that) you
testifying 21
26 about (over) studying 27 of (for) solving 28 for not helping 29 of finding

30 by writing 31 of mentioning 32 of working harder or losing 33 by (from)
investing 34 for being
174 3 studying 4 to translate 5 writing 6 to leave
[that
5 The
what page is that difficult exercise? 191
were
that
you
woman
The
matter
6
that
mentioned
speaker that we listened to
twelfth
the
on
live
is
in
that
we
apartment
8
The
now.
here
is
about
talking
floor.
193 3 We know the man who wrote (that) book very well. 4 The car
(which) (that) he is driving now formerly belonged to me. 5 I spoke to the
professor who (that) teaches that subject yesterday. 6 Is this the letter (which)
162 I has 2 should 3 can 4 must 5 wasn't

must 163 I buy, decide 2 to explain 3 be 4 to give 5 have said
6 wait
173 2 on doing 3 in selling 4 on getting 5 about losing 6 to using
7 of studying 8 about doing 9 on hearing 10 about (of) changing 11 from leaving
12 for making 13 for taking 14 of losing 15 in getting 16 of (about) finishing
6 ought
we heard
difficult
14 have been used 15 will be listed
able
187
and Frank waiting for? For whom are Thomas and Frank waiting? 4 Whom
(Who) did that young couple get the money from? From whom did that
young couple get the money? 5 What has Mr. Kennedy invested his money
6 What page is that
in? In what has Mr. Kennedy invested his money?
The
now.
is
Meyer seem
does Mr.
phia?
most
the
more
did.
10 How far is it to Philadelto feel this morning?

you saw on the corner.] 3 [which you gave me] 4 [who
stole the money] 5 [that were on my desk?] 6 [that the teacher recommended.]
188 2 [who is walking with
7 [which we made.] 8 [whose wife you met]
you just met] 5 [which
(who)
Tom] 3 [which we did yesterday] 4 [whom
most (least) clearly of.

more (less) clearly than
most
wisest of
harder than
corrects
6 She
the
more
as
15
he
'
is
all
inadequate.
you didn't like that movie.] 5 [that John has a new car?] 200 3 [who
told you the news. ] noun clause 4 [who attended the class] adjective clause
me
5 [which you lent to me last week. ] adjective clause 6 [what you told
adjective
about it. ] noun clause 7 [who is walking with Mr. Brown? ]
(Part
[who had suggested that plan to them. ] noun clause 201
what 2 which 3 which 4 what 5 which 6 what 7 which 8 what
9 which 10 which 11 what 12 which 13 what 14 ,which 15 which l6 what
202 (The word ihai can not be omitted in sentences 3, 6, 9, and 12.) 203
4 We tried to follow the instructions Tom had given us. 5 (The connectmg
clause
One)
yfôrd u^Jbkh
in
surgery.
connecting
can not be omitted.)
204
word
is
6 The doctor
The man who

not
(that)
required.)
221
went
to
sitting
by
is
Lots
last
the
of
week
specializes
door
students
don
know where
the
required.)
Please try to
Island of Majorca
not required.)
is
(A
10
are.
The butcher who
connecting word
4 (A connecting word
located.
is
remember what you

(that)
not
is
(A connecting word
me these steaks.... 8 (A
6
did....
sold
9 I wonder whose books and papers these

not required.)
5 I can't tdl you when
not required.)
is
connecting word
is
arrived.
8 Let's ask them when they are leaving. 9 Please explain
why you were absent. 10 I can't understand why you didn't return, 11 Please
tell me why you bought it 12 Can you find out who that tall fellow is?
13
don't know who is doing the work. 14 Can you tell me who wrote this
I
paper? 15 I can't imagine who(m) they invited. 208 3 I knew that they
they
He
friend
members were
said the
had had
assumed
Kahrman
9 Mr.
ask.
John
11
finish
would
215
be......
3 I thought that Carlos had

Their boss reported that they
210 6 Harold thought he could
when
My
10
we
should
Walter
would
friend thought
I
supposed
The message
12
were leaving. 6
they
he
indicated
couldn't
what he had found.

He didn't know whose book that was
8 Didn't he tell you who would help us? 9 I didn't ask them when they
could come. 10 Did he explain why he had been absent?
11 Didn't she
mention what she wanted? 12 I couldn't remember which one was hers.
imagine
Brown
13
it
cost?
didn't say
15
forgot
8 told 9 said
15 said, told
at
Catherine
all.
when we should leave, 14 Did she ask him how much

to ask Ed how far it was.
216 5 said 6 telling 7 said
10 said
217
11
said,
said
(that)
said
12
told
(that)
13
said
tell,
told,
14
tell
couldn't understand those
knew
she
those
two
quite
girls
said
tell,
two
lessons
well.
235
4
Charles told me (that) he had to leave the office before 3:00 p.m. 6 Mr.
Johnson said (that) his secretary hadn't finished the work. 7 George remarked
(that)
he couldn't possibly finish the work by that time.
218 3 The
237
1 Mr. Carlson was talking to another

was crossing the street, two cars raced
by me at full speed. 3 When we met the Burkes in 1954, they were living
in Cleveland. 4 Our English teacher gave us an examination yesterday. 5 The
boy fell and hurt himself while he was riding his bicycle. 6 My friend was
having his breakfast when 1 stopped at his house this morning. 239 1
[until
we're sure about
man when
saw him
that,
As
today.
Moore when
Charles was talking to Professor
My
saw him.
When
the students
new spring
when Mr. and Mrs. Holt
arrived. 5 Mr. Harvey asked me about my plans the next time he saw me.
6 Just as I was leaving for home, a student stopped me in the hall, 241
2 The
1 The druggist had already left for home when we got to the store.
Andersons moved into their new apartment last week. 3 The next time I
saw George, he had a different car. 4 Dorothy signed the check and gave
heard the
already
umbrella.
When
will
243
still
When
We
the
3 of studying 4
were 9
be
Mr.
enrolled
him. 4
took
Gilbert
give
will
As soon
will
we
as
12
11,
his
our guests
finished
old
arrive in Chicago.
3
Mr. Green
tonight,
arrive
be crossing 3 will be
will
had
the movie
out
speak to you about that
6 will try 246 1 met

had learned (learned) 6,
living
had forgotten
10
call
tonight.
245
will
study
got to the theater,
rained,
afternoon, he will bring his friends,
this
meeting
will serve dinner,

5
John and
it
will send you a telegram as soon as
George comes
after
friend Louise bought a
our dinner
eating
6 Whenever
started,
4 will explain
8
were
left.
not leave the office until you
matter
we
We
Davis yesterday.
to Dr.
it
had
up and
they got
bell,
coat last week.
send
to
asked them
Bill
ought
you
said
article
209
discussing
would return
he could help
said
The newspaper
6 Fred thought the students were talking
you had had
that
7 His secretary said he
was
there
4 Bill said he had [orgotten
never seen
go
believed
professor taught
the
that
said
My
always studied
6 That student speaks fluently although his vocabulary is limited.

[while she was slicing the bread. ] 3 [After I had asked her twice, ]
[before the guests arrive. ] 5 [When I left for work this morning, ]
position.
sitting
was considering
7 wanted to learn
2
studying
(finished)
13,
14 decided to go 15 had never been 16, 17 enjoyed visiting 18, 19 considered

staying 20, 21 would enjoy living 22, 23 had always hoped to find 24, 25
class.
seemed to be 26 finally spent 27, 28 was forced to return 247 3 get 4 sees
is 6 doesn't like 7 get 8 decide
251 4 worked 5 knew 6 had 7 were
8 studied 253 3 had been 4 had asked 5 had studied 6 had not (hadn't)
spent 7 had been 8 had invited 255 3 I won't bother to call you unless 1
hear from Mr. Brown. 4 Unless you agreed with him, Charles wouldn't even
suggest it. 5 We can't write to Mr. Suzuki unless he sends us his address.
6 Unless you study harder, you re going to fail the examination. 256 4 had
whether or not I enjoyed my English class. 4 The driver

asked if everyone would be ready to leave by ten. 5 Frank asked me if I
had given the letters to Mr. Watson. Frank asked me whether or not I had
given the letters to Mr. Watson, 220 3 The teacher told us to write the
next two exercises. 4 The man directed us (them, her, etc.) to turn left
had studied 6 would offer 7 had been 260 3 did study 4 does attend
did finish 6 did give 7 do wear 8 did speak 277 3 We had that old
chair repaired several days ago. 4 George finally got the motor of his car
fixed. 5 ril have the holes in that wall covered tomorrow, 6 Mrs. Kelly
got the meat cut into sniatll pieces. 7 We usually have our car washed once
teacher asked
we planned
could
for
find
that
(this)
My
at
how
Wang
spoke English. 4 The agent asked when
5 The woman asked me where she

6 Fred asked me what I would offer him
camera. 7 The treasurer asked when he had to turn in that
the
for South
director's
(this)
report.
well Miss
leave
to
219
me
America,
office.
My
friend
me
asked
if
my
enjoyed
English
friend asked
the corner and
of the
the chair.
228
active
drive
photographs.
226 6
so
two
6 Mr,
blocks.
(so that)
My
wife
Lane's
friend
told
7 because 8 so
6 so 7 so 8 such 9 so 10 such 230

although he is quite old. 4 Although
walk in the park.
Although he
is
not
to
all
a week. 8 I'm going to get those reports checked very carefully.
on
down
is
surprisingly
was raining, we went for
well-educated,
that
coat
his
9 Since 10 because
Mr. Watkins
show him
leave
to
(so that)
3
it
me
asked
him not
man
reduce
think
demolish 5 take after
7 take
up
occupy 8
call
over
consider
resemble 6 look over

off
cancel 9 call for
up
erect
examine,
278
4
cross
tear
out
require 10 take back
cut
down
delete
return
make up prepare, leave out omit 12 turn in submit 13 show off - display
discuss l6 carry out - execute
14 came across - discovered 15 talk over
up
review, put off - postpone 19 show
reject 18 go over
17 turn down
11
has a good
put
222
223
appear 20 hold up - delay 21 pick out - select 22 went on - continued

23 cut out - stop 24 stand for -represent 25 stand for - tolerate 279 3
turned it down 4 held us up 5 stand for it 6 find it out
look it up 7 make
them up 8 try it on 9 get over it 10 fill it out 11 break them in 12 care fox
14 handed it in 15 gave it up 16 take it off 17 put them
it 13 figure it out
off 18 wait on you 19 used it up 20 take it out 21 pointed them out 22 call
for you 23 bring it up 24 wear it out 25 look it up 26 go over it 27 run
across them 28 count on him 280 1 to 2 with 3 for 4 on 5 with 6 from
on 8 with 9 from 10 with
of
11
from
12
13
to
14
15
to
(upon)
on
with 17 with 18 with 19 with 20 for 21 to 22 with 23 for 24 to

25 of 26 with (in) 27 to 28 with 29 on 30 from, from 31 with 281
1 little
green 2 square plastic 3 unusual modern 4 valuable ancient Egyptian 5 long
bamboo fishing 6 friend's three sons 7 those books to the library promptly
16
8 the leaves from the trees in the

collector
bill
18
in
money
the
factory
Brooklyn
in
fall
for
12 short sentences to us in class
16
reluctantly
one
in
Bogota
20
year
two months
for
the
tenants
the
for
14 the
year
last
rent
in
advance 21 the ship right back to my country 22 two years to finish it completely
23 to improve my English quickly 24 quite cool in the city yesterday 26 quite
unimportant to me at first 27 for me to speak English correctly 28 the man
didn't say 29 will your friends say 30 car that is 31 they were in Paris
32 have all of the students gone 282 1 movies better than television 3 has
never been tried
me
been
of
13
tall
9 the part about verbs to

enough to reach that shelf 15
again
any
10
way
haven't
you
ever
improve
your plan 18 could they possibly know 19 they could possibly know 20 about
that at the desk by the door 21 two well-organized bus 22 today's lesson is
25 hard square object wrapped in cloth 30 Shakespeare, a man known by
everyone 32 husbands have all the responsibilities 283 2 How long will those
fellows remain in Washington, D.C.?
3 The two men asked an official a
question about this
rule.
at
all
to
whose name was Prus lived in Poland

the flowers come to life in the spring.
writer
wonderful to see
6 The purse with the handle and the coat with red collar are mine. 7 Please
tell we why you Americans don't enjoy this fine sport.
8 That bird lives in
at
that
time.
It's
of the country only in the winter 9 They sent a bracelet to their

daughter for her birthday. 10 My wife seldom watches television during
the afternoon.
Albert almost got lost
284 1
2
are
all
abstract
words. 3 How can you possibly consider
4
rarely attend
5 He is
this
part
We
still
studying
later
in
am
the summer.
only
trying
Does
their
teacher
always
ask
he even wrote
even
(
before Flaubert.)
11 Those students never used to complain
12
not
to smoke
15 We could hardly see
16 Always plan
17
our own
customs better. 18 I still don't agree
they both contain
19
20 There
is
just one more thing
24 Not many people
285 (Only those words
or names which require the definite article have been included here.
the
9
really believe
10
world, the thickest jungles, the upper regions of the Amazon, the Taj Mahal,
the Vatican, the Leaning Tower, the Seven Wonders of the World,
the names
of the seven great structures, the Philippine Islands, the Soviet Union,
the top of
the Empire State Building, the peak, the whole range of the
Alps, the Rhme
Near
the
East,
the Kremlin,
in
state
Canal,
Scandinavian
the
the Coliseum,
United
the
States,
Falace,
all
the
countries
wealth
to
the
other,
words
those
to
the city,
the
watch,
the
the
in
hurry,
printed
Americas,
Sorbonne,
which
all
the
require
the
the
Island,
Imperial
bus,
the
an
the
name
Common286 (Only
wind.
indefinite
driver
the
included
here.
the spotted
the greatest hunter,
on the American Continent,

the wild pig,
favorite
the
of the bus
food,
the bus,
of
(the)
a wild pig, a pack, the wild pig.
week
line,
ago,
290
(Only
have been
along the ground,

of the
cat
family
food of the jaguar,
the favorite
group, a story, the courage and
a result, the jaguar,
States,
member
largest
miles,
important engagement,
(an)
the southwestern part of the United
jaguar,
few
definite or indefinite article
names which require the
have
article
a suit, a guest, the evening, the house, the garage, the city.
those words or
entire
Japanese
the British
or
gas station,
little
appointment or
Weston Transportation Company,

city,
the
small house in the country, a small city a
schedule,
largest
Panama
the
the
the
definite
House,
the
Statue,
Republic,
cities,
University,
the
strength,
the
story,
as
(Only those words

have been included
291
which require the dehnite or indefinite article

most important plant products, The word sugar, with a scientific
name, The sugar most commqnly obtained, the sugar obtained from the sap
of the maple tree, the sugar derived from the juice of the sugar beet, the
The sugar
difference, the two forms, the Americas, The sugar which comes
words or
(Only
those
States.
293
from the midwestern part of the United
included
here.
have
been
indefinite
definite
or
[1] a
names which require the
)
or names
the
here. )
plant
first
difficulty
other
One
[5]
The
[6]
[9]
another
(another)
296
[4] the first

at the same time [3] the only investment
of the greatest sources of the strength, the pioneering spirit
lesson [7] A sharp tongue is the only edged tool [8] the great
an}
1
a great bundle [10] the energy [11] a thousand 295
The god,
[2]
secret
in
another,
the
other
any
other
7 any other 8 the other 9 other 10 another
another
some other
12 other
during 9 on 10 by
in 6 by 7 for 8 at
11 the others
2 during 3 since 4 for 5 by 6 until 7 since 8
1
at 2 from, to 3 in, at 4 at 5
11 for 12 in 297
9 in 10 in 11 on 12 at 13 in 14 in 15 on 16 at 17 in 18 from 19 at 20
by (at) 21 at 22 by, at 23 at 24 in 25 for, in 26 by, by 27 in 28 for
29 from, to 30 in 31 in 298 1 in, in 2 on, between 3 on, of (in) 4 at, by
(near, opposite) 5 around, into (in) 6 by (past), in 7 at (on), of 8 to, by,
on 9 in, of, in 10 in, behind 11 to, at, of 12 on, by (near, opposite) 13 along
on 16 in, on, to 17 in, on 18 to, by, of

to, on
at 20 in, to 21 from, to, in 22 at, from 23 at, at 24 out of, in 25
(in)
through
through,
(in),
into
from
30
to, on 27 through 28 from, in 29
basement)
the
from
stairs
the
(up
basement
stairs
to
the
down
the
in, of
on
from, opposite (above, over, below, under) 299 1 in, on 2 in, of 3
(up,
19
26
31
33
down)
(over),
on 4
14 on,
on,
in
in
15
up,
for,
down 6
out of, in 7
on,
8 from, by, over 9 from 10 out of, under (underneath)
River, the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf,

the streets, the Balkans,
224
River,
Building,
Nations
White
the
the
the
state,
Mississippi
the
the
in
the
names
or
been included here.
northernmost
United
the
Continent,
the
length,
the
Orient,
the
Australian
Louvre,
the
Acropolis,
House,
the
Peninsula,
the
225
above
(over,
for
in,
near, by)
12 to (at).
from, above 13 out of 14 up the stairs to the

attic), on 15 on, of, on 16 between, in, of 17
attic
(down
the stairs
from the
under (underneath) 18 on,

to (from), through (down) 19 out of, in 20 on, in 21 under (underneath), in
22 above (over, around) 23 in, along (near, by) 24 on, at 25 at, of 26 in
(on) 27 in, on 28 on, off (from) 29 along (on), of 30 against, of 31 to
32 in 33 in 300 1 in 2 on 3 at 4 in 5 at 6 on 7 on 8 at 9 of
10 in 11 in 12 in, of 13 for 14 by 15 at, in, of 16 on 17 on 18 to 19 for
20 in, of 21 off 22 of 23 in 24 out of 25 in 26 by 27 to 28 on 29 in 30 by
31 of 32 of, of 33 for 301 1 in 2 out of 3 of, in 4 before 5 at 6 in 7 for,
in (through) 8 for, in 9 at (behind), on 10 of 11 for 12 after 13 in,
with 14 in, of 15 on, of 16 under 17 of, on, in 18 to, by, of 19 of, by
20 in, of 21 at, in 22 in, of 23 to, to 24 by 25 to 26 for 27 in 28 by 29 out
of 30 with 31 in, with 32 on 33 by 302 1 with, in 2 to, about (over)
3 with, about
9 with
in,
(for)
15
from
in
23
22
in
28
2
to
(over) 4 to 5 for
on)
(over,
i6
of
to
(against),
1/
into,
aDout
24 about 25
from,
to
12 to
of
18
from,
26
into
for
(in)
29 from, about (at) 30 of 31 with 32 about (of),
for
about
4 about
from 12 to
(over)
about
7 for 8 with, about
about (over)
by,
10 from 11
for
trom,
of,
6 for
(of)
to
/
13
14 from
in
19
from
20
27
from,
at
21
to
(over)
33 on, for
trom 8 about
of
(ot)
13 to 14 on 15 of 16 about 17 to, for

9 about 10 for 11
18 on 19 for 20 from 21 of 22 from, to (into) 23 about 24 in ?5 on
(against), on 26 with, about (over) 27 from 28 for 29 with 30 on 31 in
304
32 on 33 to
in 2 to 3 to 4 over
(about)
6 of 7
with, to
for
to,
8 about (over)
9 with 10 of 11 of, of 12 for 13 with 14 to 15 of 16 of

17 of 18 of (about), of (about) 19 of 20 about (over) 21 of
(about)
to,
from (than) 23 to (with) 24 from 25 of 26 of 27 from (of)
28 of 29 to 30 for 31 for 32 with, about (in) 33 for (to) 305 1 about
(over) 2 from 3 from (by), about (over) 4 of 5 to 6 for 7 for, to 8 of
9 at 10 with 11 for 12 to, for 13 to 14 to 15 on 16 for 17 of (over,
22
about)
27
to
18
19 for 20 of 21
of
22
of
(over)
to,
for
to,
for 4
to
to
for
for,
23 to
for
on,
28 with 29 with 30 for 31 of 32
33 of
24
25
to
(about)
for
26
to
of
306
7 in 8 for 9 to 10 to 11 for
in, to 17 about (over)
18 to
to
12 with 13 from 14 of 15 by 16 about (over)
19 of 20
for
21
with
22
in
23
about
24 by,
(over)
as
25
of
26 from
28 with 29 as 30 for 31 from, to 32 to 33 to, for 307 1 by 2 with

3 by 4 with 5 by 6 with 7 by 8 with 9 by 10 with 11 by 12 by 13 with
14 by 15 by 308 3 My brother is going to leave some money for me
27
in
4 My friend John lent seventeen dollars to me on Friday night,

Mrs. Farrell is getting a glass of water for her young daughter. 6 Mr. and
Mrs. Harvey gave the theater tickets to us yesterday. 7 The director offered
tonight.
5
the best job in the department to the man.
think this
new method
saves
9 That student showed his homework to

Mr. Moore before class. 10 Catherine's grandmother made a beautiful evening
gown for her. 309 1 afterwards 2 after 3 afterwards 4 after 5 after 6 afterwards 7 after 8 after 9 afterwards 10 after 310 5 like 6 such as (like) 7 as
lot
like
after
of time and trouble
as
for
us.
10 like 11 like 12 as
after
8 after 9
later,
311
after
10
226
later
after
after 3 later
after
later

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SAXON

AND ADVANCED STUDENTS

BY GRANT TAYLOR, Associate Professor

of English; Director, Ameri-

Formerly: Assistant Director, Foreign Student Center,

ciate Editor, Thorndike-Barnhart

Comprehensive Desk Dictionary.

LEARNING AMERICAN ENGLISH

MASTERING AMERICAN ENGLISH

AMERICAN ENGLISH READER

MODERN SPOKEN ENGLISH

1956 by the McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. All rights reserved.

McCRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY,

an independent unit and can be taught as such

been arranged in a logical sequence which some teachers

ever, the exercises in question are either

Mastering American English

a comprehensive exercise book for use

divided into two sections.

with adult students

concise review of the fundamental language materials treated fully in

which demand of the student

based squarely on the principle that language mastery

practice with these patterns.

text is further based

few grammatical explanations

of the exercises, this

through examples which

intended as a guide for the teacher.

as possible, the student's attention

in languages or linguistics in order to use this text.

in the various exercises or the exercises themselves are largely

lend to the flexibility of this text in

ferent language teaching or learning situations, the essential language

preparation for related

does deal with the major features,

their source in compositions written

and with students of many

method of expression from

English have been used and thoroughly tested in

University and Columbia University over a period of six years.

have been so constructed as to make

possible, the exercises

suitable for either oral or written practice.

teachers should try to employ both methods of instuction.

of course, extremely valuable and important in building automatic

effectively for this type of practice.

Mastering American English are suitable for tape recording

in the '^language laboratory/'

Partial answers to the exercises have been included in the appendix.

though standard grammatical terminology has been used

and understanding come naturally through

awareness and understanding of the

Spanish, German, Russian, Japanese, and other languages.

good control over fundamentals.

comprise Part One, the Intermediate Section, make an effective and

Learning American English (Saxon Press, Second Edition, 1956).

(2) subjects in which, for various reasons,

advanced students are frequently

Thus, students working

the aid of a teacher can check

few sources from which students can obtain

The author wishes

to express his gratitude to his colleagues at both