AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2013

Mrs. Hoffman

Dear Chemistry Parents/Guardians and Students:

Welcome to AP Chemistry! I am excited that your student has decided to take on the challenge
of such a course and look forward to having him/her in my class. This course is designed to be
the equivalent of a first-year general chemistry college course. As a result, this is only for high
school students who are skilled and/or interested in chemistry, and are willing to demonstrate
very high levels of commitment, motivation, and academic maturity. In order to prepare
students for the rigors of the course, each will be expected to complete a Summer Assignment.
Since students entering AP Chemistry have had a variety of Chemistry experiences, completion
of the summer assignment will help all students begin the year on equal footing as the
assignment will help them review Chemistry topics. A completed summer assignment is a key
to success in this class.
I have broken the Summer Assignment into five sections. It is required for the students to
complete one section every two weeks and then submit that section in my mailbox that is
located in the main office or mail it to me at 1115 Linden St. Bethlehem, PA 18018 ATN: Karen
Hoffman. The table below lists the due dates of each section.
Assignment
Number
1
2
3
4
5

Due Date
June 21st
July 5 th
July 19th
August 2nd
August 16th

If you need to refer back to the textbook for help, it is available online.
Go to: http://mrshoffmanschemistry.wetpaint.com/page/HONORS+CHEMISTRY
Click on the online textbook link (login information is on the webpage).
Each section is worth 50 points; the total value of the Summer Assignment is 250 points. These
due dates are not absolutes, as that I understand vacations and trips have already been planned;
they are to ensure that work is done throughout the summer. If you will be out of town for one
or more of the due dates, then you must get in touch with me and make an alternate
arrangement. It is imperative that this Summer Assignment is spread throughout the summer
and not completed the week prior to school starting.

BASD Drop / Add Policy:

The following guidelines exist for all other schedule changes requested
after August 1st:
1. A schedule change request form must be completed by the student and
parent. Forms are available in the Counseling Office or the teacher.
2. Schedule changes will be considered for valid educational reasons only.
Schedule changes will not be made to accommodate requests for lateral
moves within the same subject area or teacher preference.
3. The counselor and assigned teacher will review schedule change requests.
4. Quarter courses (half semester courses) will not be dropped after the
first 5 days of class.

5. Full semester courses will not be dropped after the first 15 days of
class.
6. All students must maintain a full schedule for the entire year.
7. Level changes will not be considered unless the student has a 75% or
lower in the course.
Withdrawals from a course will not become part of the student record if
the course is dropped within the first 15 days of a semester class and
within the first 5 days of a quarter course (half semester course). A W
(Withdrew) will be recorded after those days but prior to the end of the
first quarter. Either a WP (Withdraw Passing) or WF (Withdraw
Failing) will be recorded if the course is dropped after the first marking
period, indicating the students progress at the time of withdrawal.
A course change must be based upon academic considerations, and be
facilitated by a conference/plan developed by the student, parent, teacher
and counselor/grade level administrator to support student success. This
plan will require tutoring, completion of all required work to date, and a
sincere demonstration of effort and ability by the student prior to
dropping a course or level of course for all classes in English, Social
Studies, Math, Science and Foreign Language.
Enrollment in this course is a commitment to perform at the highest level and to display a
positive attitude within the class. Seriousness in maximizing ones problem solving skills is
expected. Due to the advanced level of the course, considerable time will be spent on
mathematical calculations, both in lab and in class. Students will be expected to devote time in
study of new material and in completion of practice problems, as well as developing quality
laboratory skills and reporting practices. The College Board makes the following statement in
the course description in relation to student commitment: It is assumed that the student will
spend at least five hours a week in unsupervised individual study in addition to the time
required to complete the homework. AP Chemistry is hard, and cannot by mastered by

memorization alone; chemistry is a thinking discipline and students must demonstrate the
maturity and self-discipline to approach it as such.

The goal of this course is to prepare each student for the Advanced Placement Chemistry Exam
as well as enrollment in a second year chemistry course in college. Students who enroll in this
course without an Honors Chemistry background or who have received less than a 90% average
in Chemistry may not be prepared to deal with the volume of work, mathematical
computations, and performance level required for above average grades in an accelerated
program. Students should plan on anywhere from 60-90 minutes of homework per class, and
are expected to demonstrate a proactive approach to their work.
Parents/guardians and students must understand that these requirements and time limits are
not negotiable simply because this is what is required for success in this course. If you have
concerns, please feel free to call or email me at the information listed below.
Sincerely,
Karen Hoffman
khoffman@beth.k12.pa.us
(610) 691-7200 ext. 50493

AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT - Section One

1. Round the following numbers to three significant figures.
4325 6.873 x 103 0.17354
2. Perform the indicated operations and round your answers to the proper number of significant
figures. Assume that all answers were obtained from measurements.
a.
b.
c.
d.

(2.11 x 10-3) + (1.54 x 10-3)

(1.54 x 10-3) + (2.11 x 10-2)
(4.56 + 18.7)/(1.23 x 102)
(1.23 x 10-2)(4.56 + 1.87)

3. Make the following conversions:

a. 0.75 kg to milligrams
b. 1500 millimeters to km
c. 2390 g to kg
d. 0.52 km to meters
4. How many cubic meters (m3) are there in 4312 cubic centimeters (cm3)?
5. The helium gas stored inside a large weather balloon weighs 13.558 grams. What is the
volume of this balloon if the density of helium is 0.1786 g/L?
6. A rectangular block of copper metal weighs 1896 grams. The dimensions of the block are 8.4
cm by 5.5 cm by 4.6 cm. From this data, what is the density of copper?
7. Write the formula for the following compounds:
a. ammonium sulfide
b. sodium nitrate
c. aluminum sulfate
d. potassium nitrate
e. lead (II) phosphate
f. diphosphorus pentoxide
g. calcium fluoride
8. Write the name of the following compounds:
a. KF
b. CaSO4
c. HCl
d. SbCl3
e. As4O10
f. NH4Cl
g. NH4NO3
h. IF5
i. NaHCO3
j. Ba(OH)2
9. Write the electron configuration (long way) for sulfur.
10. Write the orbital notation (boxes) for magnesium.
11. Write the electron configuration using the Noble Gas shortcut for radium.

12. Write a balanced equation and indicate the reaction type (single or double replacement,
decomposition, or composition/synthesis) for each of the following:
a. Sodium hydroxide (aq) + sulfuric acid (aq) sodium sulfate (aq) + water (l)
b. Magnesium (s) + oxygen (g) magnesium oxide (s)
13. Calculate the percentage composition of the following compounds:
a. Ferric oxide
b. Silver (I) oxide
4 FeCr2O7 + 8 K2CO3 + O2 2 Fe2O3 + 8 K2CrO4 + 8 CO2
14. How many grams of iron (II) dichromate are required to produce 44.0 grams of carbon
dioxide?
15. How many grams of oxygen gas are required to produce 100.0 grams of ferric oxide?
16. If 300.0 grams of iron (II) dichromate react, how many grams of oxygen gas will be
consumed?
17. How many grams of iron (III) oxide will be produced from 300.0 grams of ferrous
dichromate?
18. If 5.00 grams of copper metal react with a solution containing 20.0 grams of AgNO3, which
reactant is limiting?
Cu (s) + AgNO3 (aq) Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + Ag (s)
19. What is the volume of a sample of oxygen gas that has a mass of 50.0 grams and is under a
pressure of 1.20 atm at 27.0 oC?
20. The thermite reaction has been used to weld railroad tracks. The reaction is Fe2O3 (s) + 2 Al
(s) 2 Fe (s) + Al2O3 (s) How many grams of aluminum would be needed to produce 15.0
grams of iron?
21. Sea water contains roughly 28.0 grams of NaCl per liter. What is the molarity of sodium
chloride in sea water?
22. What is the molarity of 245.0 grams of H2SO4 dissolved in 1.00 L of solution?
23. What is the molarity of 5.30 grams of Na2CO3 dissolved in 400.0 mL solution?
24. Calculate the empirical formula of the compounds which have the following percentage
compositions:
40.2 % K, 26.9% Cr, and 32.9% O 21.8 % Mg, 27.9% P, and 50.3% O
25. In what order are the elements listed on the PRESENT periodic table?
26. State the periodic law.
27. What name is given to the elements in a vertical column on the periodic table?
28. What name is given to the elements in a horizontal row on the periodic table?

Section Two
1. Methane gas reacts with chlorine gas to form dichloromethane and hydrogen chloride, as
represented by the equation above. CH4 + Cl2 CCl2H2 + H2
(a) A 25.0 g sample of methane gas is placed in a reaction vessel containing 2.58

mol

of Cl 2(g).
(i) Identify the limiting reactant when the methane and chlorine gases are
combined. Justify your answer with a calculation.
(ii) Calculate the total number of moles of CH 2Cl2(g) in the container after the
limiting reactant has been totally consumed.
Initiating most reactions involving chlorine gas involves breaking the ClCl bond, which
has a bond energy of 242 kJ mol-1.
(b) Calculate the amount of energy, in joules, needed to break a single ClCl bond.
2. Answer the following questions related to sulfur and one of its compounds.
(a) Consider the two chemical species S and S2-.
(i) Write the electron configuration (e.g., 1s22s2 . . .) of each species.
(ii) Explain why the radius of the S2 ion is larger than the radius of the S atom.
(iii) Which of the two species would be attracted into a magnetic field? Explain.
(b) The S2 ion is isoelectronic with the Ar atom. From which species, S2 or Ar, is

it

easier to remove an electron? Explain.

(c) In the H 2S molecule, the HSH bond angle is close to 90. On the basis of this
information, which atomic orbitals of the S atom are involved in bonding with the H
atoms?
(d) Two types of intermolecular forces present in liquid H 2S are London (dispersion)
forces and dipole-dipole forces.
(i) Compare the strength of the London (dispersion) forces in liquid H 2S to
the strength of the London (dispersion) forces in liquid H 2O. Explain.
(ii) Compare the strength of the dipole-dipole forces in liquid H 2S to the
strength of the dipole-dipole forces in liquid H 2O. Explain.

3. A pure 14.85 g sample of the weak base ethylamine, C2H5NH2 , is dissolved in enough

distilled water to make 500. mL of solution.

(a) Calculate the molar concentration of the C2H5NH2 in the solution. The

aqueous

ethylamine reacts with water according to the equation below.

C2H5NH2 (aq) + H2O(l) C2H5NH3+(aq) + OH-(aq)
(b) Write the equilibrium-constant expression for the reaction between C
2H5NH2(aq) and water.
(c) Of C2H5NH2 (aq) and C2H5NH3+(aq), which is present in the solution at the
higher concentration at equilibrium? Justify your answer.
(d) A different solution is made by mixing 500. mL of 0.500 M C2H5NH2 with 500. mL of
0.200 M HCl. Assume that volumes are additive. The pH of the resulting solution is
found to be 10.93.
(i) Calculate the concentration of OH-(aq) in the solution.
(ii) Write the net-ionic equation that represents the reaction that occurs
when the C2H5NH2solution is mixed with the HCl solution.
(iii) Calculate the molar concentration of the C 2H5NH3+(aq) that is formed
in the reaction.

Section Three
1. Answer the following questions relating to gravimetric analysis.
In the first of two experiments, a student is assigned the task of determining the
number of moles of water in one mole of MgCl 2nH2O. The student collects the

data

shown in the following table.

Mass of empty container 22.347 g
Initial mass of sample and container 25.825 g
Mass of sample and container after first heating 23.982 g
Mass of sample and container after second heating 23.976 g
Mass of sample and container after third heating 23.977 g
(a) Explain why the student can correctly conclude that the hydrate was heated a
sufficient number of times in the experiment.
(b) Use the data above to
(i) calculate the total number of moles of water lost when the sample was
heated, and
(ii) determine the formula of the hydrated compound.
(c) A different student heats the hydrate in an uncovered crucible, and some of the solid
spatters out of the crucible. This spattering will have what effect on the

calculated

mass of the water lost by the hydrate? Justify your answer.

In the second experiment, a student is given 2.94 g of a mixture containing anhydrous MgCl2
andKNO3. To determine the percentage by mass of MgCl2 in the mixture, the student uses
excessAgNO3(aq) to precipitate the chloride ion as AgCl(s).
(d) Starting with the 2.94 g sample of the mixture dissolved in water, briefly
describe the steps necessary to quantitatively determine the mass of the AgCl
precipitate.
(e) The student determines the mass of the AgCl precipitate to be 5.48 g. On the
of this information, calculate each of the following.
(i) The number of moles of MgCl2 in the original mixture
(ii) The percent by mass of MgCl2 in the original mixture
2. A 0.150 g sample of solid lead(II) nitrate is added to 125 mL of 0.100 M sodium iodide

basis

solution. Assume no change in volume of the solution. The chemical reaction that takes place is
represented by the following equation.
Pb(NO 3)2(s) + 2 NaI(aq) PbI2(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq)
(a) List an appropriate observation that provides evidence of a chemical reaction
between the two compounds.
(b) Calculate the number of moles of each reactant.
(c) Identify the limiting reactant. Show calculations to support your identification.
(d) Calculate the molar concentration of NO 3(aq) in the mixture after the reaction is
complete.

(e) Circle the diagram below that best represents the results after the mixture reacts as
completely as possible. Explain the reasoning used in making your choice.

Section Four
1. In the laboratory you are to determine the identity of a pure unknown white solid.
a) A 19.2 gram sample of the volatile compound decomposes upon heating to yield
6.80grams of ammonia, 8.80 grams of carbon dioxide and the only other product is water.
Calculate the simplest formula of the compound in the form of CwHxNyOz.
b) When a sample of the compound is dissolved in water and made basic with NaOH,
wetted pH paper held above the solution indicates a pH of about 9 and the solution gives
off a distinct smell of ammonia. Write and balance a net ionic equation for the reaction of
NaOH with the compound that explains this result.
c) When another sample is dissolved in water and made acidic with Hydrochloric acid, the
solution effervesces. Write and balance a net ionic equation that could explain this result.
d) Based on your answers to parts b and c, rearrange the simplest formula your
determined in Part a to identify the compound. Name the compound.

2. The percent composition of a solid mixture of calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and
calcium chloride is to be determined. When 350.0 mL of 0.250M hydrochloric acid is added to
3.506 g of the mixture, 385.7 mL of carbon dioxide gs is collected at 35.0 C and 711 torr. It
requires 65.4 mL of 0.500 M sodium hydroxide to tirate the remaining acidic mistrue to a pink
phenolphthalein endpoint.
a) Write and balance the net ionic equations for the reactions that take place when
hydrochloric acid is added to the mixture. Which component of the mixture does not
react with HCl?
b) How many moles of carbon dioxide are produced the reaction?
c) How many grams of calcium carbonate are contained in the mixture?
d) How many moles of excess acid remained after the initial reactions and before the
titration?
e) How many grams of calcium chloride are contained in the mixture?
f) What is the percent composition of the mixture?

Section Five: For the following reactions, predict the products, write the complete molecular
equations AND the net ionic equation.
(1) Sodium metal is added to water.
(2) Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of lithium hydrogen carbonate.
(3) Ethanol and formic acid (methanoic acid) are mixed and warmed.
(4) Excess concentrated potassium hydroxide solution is added to a precipitate of zinc
hydroxide.
(5) The gases boron trifluoride and ammonia are mixed.
(6) A solution of tin(II) chloride is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate.
(7) Phosphorus(V) oxytrichloride is added to water.
(8) An acidified solution of sodium permanganate is added to a solution of sodium sulfite.
(9) A piece of lithium metal is dropped into a container of nitrogen gas.
(10) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of potassium sulfite.
(11) Solid sodium oxide is added to water.
(12) A solution of sodium sulfide is added to a solution of zinc nitrate.
(13) A solution of ammonia is added to a dilute solution of acetic acid.
(14) A piece of iron is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate.
(15) Ethene (ethylene) gas is bubbled through a solution of bromine.
(16) Chlorine gas is bubbled into a solution of potassium iodide.
(17) Solid calcium is added to warm water.
(18) Powdered magnesium oxide is added to a container of carbon dioxide gas.
(19) Gaseous hydrogen sulfide is bubbled through a solution of nickel(II) nitrate.
(20) Excess concentrated sodium hydroxide solution is added to solid aluminum hydroxide.