UWorld Notes

DKA
Hyponatremia ( fall of 1.6mEq for ever 100mg rise in glucose )
Hyperammonemia ( increased proteolysis )

Intraventricular Hemmorhage
Bleeding in Germinal Matrix (Highly cellular and vascular
subventricular region active in fetus until 32 weeks)

Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy

Psuedohypothyroidism due to kidney resistance to PTH
Short digits and short stature

Efflux pump (PGP/P Glycoprotein)

For AB out of bacteria and chemo drugs out of cancer cells (against
gradient)
Active process by which H+ ions are pumped along their gradient (also
can use a sodium gradient or ATP)

Achondroplasia - FGFR3 defect

Thallasemias
Target Cells, Hypochromic Microcytosis

Local Testosterone levels low in Seminiferous Tubules and

epididymis -> Sertoli Cell dysfunction (decreased ABP
production)
Sweating is mediated by Cholinergic Post Ganglionic fibres of
the Sympathetic ANS
Red Safranin O stains cartilage, mast cell granules and
mucin RED
Osteoarthritis - Age is the most important risk factor

Osteomalacia - deposition of excessive un mineralized

osteoid matrix in bone
Unmyelninated Axons (Group C Nerve Fibres) Autonomic post ganglionic ( only efferent unmyelinated axons)
Afferent neurons conducting slow dull aching, burning or visceral pain
and heat sensation
First order neurons of olfaction

Prader Willi Syndrome

Hyperphagia and obesity
Small hands and feet
Hypogonadism
Temper tantrums
Neonatal hypotonia
Paternal (Active) gene deleted on Chromosome 15

DENERVATED Tissues - Only Direct Acting drugs work

Thiazolidinediones/-glitazones increase GLUT-4 receptors in
tissues
Ethylene Glycol - Metabolic Acidosis + Calcium Oxalate
Stones
MVP & HOCM murmur follow SAME intensity pattern
Increased preload/afterload-> decreased intensity ( and later click )

CMV (in AIDS) + Seizures -> Foscarnet induced hypocalcemia

and hypomagnesemia. Ganciclovir cant be used as it will further cause
neutropenia

Hirschprung's Disease - OBSTRUCTION due to NARROW

bowel!!
Compliance - dV/dP (LOOK AT AXES !!)
Change in volumer per unit change in pressure

FGF
Thus the functions of FGFs
In developmental processes - include mesoderm induction, anteroposterior patterning, limb development, neural induction and neural
development,
In mature tissues/systems - angiogenesis, keratinocyte
organization, and wound healing processes.