Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
______________
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty
of the Graduate School
Baguio Central University
Baguio City
_____________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Arts in Elementary Education
_____________
by
Evangeline M. Napaldet
January 2015
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis proposal entitled, ENHANCING COMMUNITY
PARTICIPATION IN BAUKO I, DIVISION OF MOUNTAIN PROVINCE,
prepared and submitted by EVANGELINE M. NAPALDET, in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree, MASTER OF ARTS ELEMENTARY
EDUCATION (MAEE), has been reviewed and examined and is hereby endorsed for
acceptance and approval for proposal defense.
_________________________________
Chairman
____________________________
Member
__________________________
Member
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researcher wishes to thank the following for their assistance in the
completion of this dissertation proposal:
The Good Lord, for giving the researcher sufficient encouragement so she may
pursue this challenging endeavor;
Her family, for all the support, understanding and unconditional love;
Members of the proposal committee _______________________________,
for their critiques and helpful suggestions;
Her other relatives and friends who provided spiritual, moral and financial
support;
To the librarians of BCU for providing some of the reference materials;
And to all those who, in one way or another, contributed in the completion of
this manuscript.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
..
i
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
..
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
..
iv
LIST OF FIGURE ..
vi
CHAPTER
1
THE PROBLEM
Background of the Study 1
Conceptual Framework .. 4
Paradigm of the Study 7
Statement of the Problem and Hypotheses . 9
Scope and Delimitation of the Study . 11
Definition of Terms 12
Significance of the Study . 13
... 15
..... 16
REFERENCES
........ 21
APPENDICES
A. Letter to the Respondents
B. The Questionnaire
....... 22
..... . 23
FIGURE USED
Figure
Page No.
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM
Background of the study
The change taking place in the public schools system in the nature of school
objectives and methods of teaching and the increasing importance being attached to
the need for community support to public schools and vice-versa call for a closer
relationship between the schools and the community. Closely related to these changes
is also the noticeable change taking place in the attitude of education in the Philippines
toward the relationship which should exist between the school and the community
serves. It is being urged that the school should seek learning situations within the
realities of the community living, that the pupils should be given opportunities to
observe, study, and participate in socially significant enterprises, and that the school
should project its program into the life of the community. There is at present an
increasing demand by teachers, school administrators and even supervisors for
information on how to improve school-community relations. In view of the new trend
toward closer association between the school and the citizens it serves. It seems
important to examine the essentials of good school-community relationship and the
role and responsibility of the teachers, the administrators and the supervisors in
improving the relationship between the school and the community.
The birth of the community school idea in the Philippines whose aim is to give
practical education and to improve the homes and the community, makes the
functional relationship between the school and the community necessary. It is
generally believed that the community and the school will have to work more closely
together if the best educational results are to be achieved and maintained (Sutaria,
2000)
Epstein (2001) defines school-community relationship as mutually helpful
relationships among school and community in the interest of child welfare. A mutual
cooperative relationship between the school and the community is essential for
progressive education. It is a problem of school administration to bring the school to
the community and vice-versa. The significance of integrating the school and the
community has more and more come to be regarded as one of the real needs of the
school administration.
It is very important that the school and the community should be harmoniously
related. The school can no longer be conceived as the sole agency of education. The
resources and the life activities of the community itself must furnish the basis for an
educational program in which all persons, adults as well as children participate
(Sutaria 2000)
Too often the educational and community partnership is often underdeveloped
and tenuous. In most cases, the schools are left alone to pursue their academic efforts,
and the community is viewed as a nebulous body that does not interfere with the
schools except when involved in communal activities , such as using the school
premises for entertainment purposes, and relying on the expertise of school personnel
on specific issues and topics (Estacio, 2009).
A community can have a profound effects on the pupils. It can address the
affective needs of students, such as values, attitudes, and feelings which are equally as
important in the overall development of the pupil. If pupils understand their
community, they are in a better position to develop positive inclinations toward their
environment. It is also more likely that pupils will be motivated to adopt an actionoriented stance in community matters.
At the same time, school leaders repeatedly call upon the local community
leadership to join the schools in solving their fiscal and legislative crises. Many school
people call this effort a school-community partnership.
The positive aspects of the community can play a very active role in the
schools, and in this era of substance abuse moral neutrality, and individualism,
students need as much support as possible, according to Fernandez (1998). Moreover,
in communities that have negative role models and members whose behavior is not
desirable by community standards, perhaps the positive elements of the school and
the community can align themselves to ameliorate and undermine those counterproductive forces, individuals, and practices, that distract students, and lower the
community morale.
One thing that a teacher should remember is that people who do not have
children in school, dont always realize that the school needs help. Just getting
that message out to the public can increase the community involvement with
school. A class could start sending or delivering a class newsletter to neighbors
and friends to let them know what is going on with the school. One teacher can
10
make a difference, but to really get the community involved, several teachers
should work together (Swick, 2001).
As schools have become more professionalized and centralized,
they have tended to distance themselves from their local communities. The vital
links between experience, work, and education have lost their power as valuable
community resources. And many economically distressed towns, communities,
and neighborhoods have begun to struggle toward economic revitalization
without the valuable contributions of the local schools, Swick concluded.
It is with these reasons that gave interest to the researcher to focus its research
to the extent of community participation in Bauko I, Division of Mountain Province.
Conceptual Framework
An effective method of promoting education and ensuring school support is
involving the community in school activities. By inviting community members to join
in school festivities, the school administration can improve the overall satisfaction of
the student body, increase the effectiveness of the education and raise the likelihood
that the school will continue to be supported by the community. School events that
include community members, both parents and non-parents, benefit both the students
and the community at large.
The community development approach emphasizes self- help, the democratic
process, and local leadership in community revitalization. Most community
development work involves the participation of the communities or beneficiaries
11
12
The schools are considered as a community helps detect dropouts and reports
them to school authorities to ensure that they continue their studies. The community,
through corporate bodies or organizations, contributes to the educational funding of
13
poor students. The community is also takes it upon itself to ensure that schools and its
immediate environment are safe and conductive for the learning of the students.
Paradigm of the Study
The paradigm of the study consists of the independent variables found in the
first column of Figure 1 are as follows: 1) Community stakeholders in the public
elementary schools of Bauko I; 2) Assistance given by community stakeholders to the
public elementary schools of Bauko I; 3) Concerns of the public elementary schools of
Bauko I; 4) Problems encountered in the public elementary schools-community
stakeholders relationship; and, 5) Measures to improve school-community
stakeholders relationships.
The dependent variables are enumerated in the second column as follows:
1) Level of involvement of the community stakeholders in the public elementary
schools of Bauko I; 2) Extent of assistance given by the community stakeholders to
the public elementary schools of Bauko I; 3) Extent by which the community
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
14
1.
L
community stakeholders
relationships.
evel of involvement of the
community stakeholders in the
public elementary schools of
Bauko I
2. Extent of assistance given by the
community stakeholders to the
public elementary schools of
Bauko I
3. Extent by which the community
stakeholders monitor the concerns
of the public elementary schools
of Bauko I
15
Figure 1
Paradigm of the study
16
Null Hypotheses
The following hypotheses were tested:
1. There is no significant difference between the perceptions of teachers and
parents on the level of involvement of the community stakeholders in the public
elementary schools of Bauko I as perceived by the teachers and parents.
17
18
Definition of Terms
In order to have a common point of reference, some terms used in this study
were defined operationally.
Assistance. This refers to the help extended to the school in terms of human
or material resources.
19
20
The school administrators who can better focus on the planning, organizing
and implementation of every school project or activity because of the projected full
support of the community stakeholders;
The teachers who can better appreciate the full support of the community
stakeholders for each school project or activity;
The pupils, who will directly benefit from the results of every school activity;
The community stakeholders who will further understand their roles as they
contribute to the successful implementation of school activities;
In incidences where community stakeholders were openly supportive of their
schools, reports of mental health and behavioral problems were considerably lower
than in cases where community stakeholders were unsupportive. With the result, the
community stakeholders will be ensured progressive and meaningful opportunities for
community stakeholders to engage in schools and policy-making.
The researcher who can best contribute to effectively encourage community
stakeholders to support the school projects and activities.
Finally, to others researcher. This will serve as an inspiration to do more
research as what their profession calls and consequently to be more competent in their
chosen field.
Chapter 2
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
21
This chapter includes discussion of the research design, locale and population,
data gathering procedure, data gathering tool, validity and reliability of the research
instrument and the statistical treatment used in the study.
Research Design
The research design to be used by the researcher is the descriptive-survey
design with the questionnaire as the main tool used in gathering the data. Informal
interview, observation and participation and library techniques will be used to
supplement the data gathered through the questionnaire. The design is descriptive
because the study described the community participation in the public elementary
schools of Bauko I, Division of Mountain Province.
Locale and Population of the Study
The study will be conducted in the public elementary school of the Bauko I in
the Division of Mountain Province.
The number of respondents will be determined through the use of Yamanes
formula as shown in the below:
n =
N
1 + Ne
Where:
n = Sample size
N = Population size
e = Degree of marginal error (set at a minimum of 5% probability error)
Table A
Distribution of Respondents
22
Name of Schools
1. Abatan Elementary School
2. Bagnen Oriente Elementary School
3. Bagnen Elementary School
4. Banao Elementary School
5. Bauko Central School
6. Bila Elementary School
7. Guinzadan Elementary School
8. Guinzadan Norte Elementary School
9. Lagawa Elementary School
10. Letang Elementary School
11. Mayog Elementary School
12. Otucan Elementary School
13. Otucan Norte Elementary School
14. Tapapan Elementary School
Total
Sample
Number of
Teachers
Number of
Parents
8
8
8
12
11
8
8
8
8
7
8
8
7
9
118
91
140
135
132
205
217
187
120
125
135
125
96
130
106
190
2043
335
23
24
The data to be gathered in the study will be tallied, classified, tabulated and
subjected to the weighted mean and ranking.
f
WM =
N
Where:
WM = Weighted mean
= summation
f = frequency
N = total number of cases
The responses will be treated with a three-point Likert scale with their
respective statistical limit and descriptive equivalents.
1. Level of involvement of the community stakeholders in the public elementary
schools of Bauko I
NUMERICAL
VALUE
STATISTICAL LIMITS
DESCRIPTIVE
EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
3
2
1
2.34 3.00
1.67 2.33
1.00 1.66
HI
MI
NI
STATISTICAL LIMITS
DESCRIPTIVE
EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
3
2
1
2.34 3.00
1.67 2.33
1.00 1.66
Great Extent
Moderate Extent
Least Extent
GE
ME
LE
25
NUMERICAL
VALUE
STATISTICAL LIMITS
DESCRIPTIVE
EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
3
2
1
2.34 3.00
1.67 2.33
1.00 1.66
Great Extent
Moderate Extent
Least Extent
GE
ME
LE
STATISTICAL LIMITS
DESCRIPTIVE
EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
3
2
1
2.34 3.00
1.67 2.33
1.00 1.66
Very Serious
Moderate Serious
Least Serious
VS
MS
LS
STATISTICAL LIMITS
DESCRIPTIVE
EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
3
2
1
2.34 3.00
1.67 2.33
1.00 1.66
Very Effective
Moderate Effective
Least Effective
VE
ME
LE
26
In conclusion, for the difference of responses among the teachers and parents,
independent sample t-test (Adanza, Bermudo, & Adanza, 2011) will be applied with
the formula of:
X - X2
t=
X + X2 1 + 1
N + N2 - 2 N N2
Where:
X
X2
X2
X =
X2 =
N2
27
References
Adanza, E.G., Bermudo, P.V., & Adanza, J.G. (2011). Statistics: Support for research.
Intramuros, Manila: Mindshapre Co. Inc.
Collins, C (2002). Complete and unabridged (2nd edition). Harpercollins Publishers.
Estacio, R. M. (2009). Fundamentals of community development: strengthening
school -community linkage. Manila: Rex Book Publications,
Incorporated.
Epstein, J. (2001). School, family and community partnership; Preparing educators
and improving schools. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Fernandez, A. S. (1998). Rural planning and physical inventory. Quezon City:
Capitol Book Publications
Sutaria, M.C (2000). Teaching for maximum experience. International Review of
Education ,36 , (2), 243-250.
Swick, K. K. J. (2001). Service-learning in teachers education: Building
learning communities. Clearing House (74) 5, 261-264.
28
APPENDIX A
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY
#18 Bonifacio St., Baguio City
Graduate Program
Dear Respondent,
The undersigned is conducting a study entitled ENHANCING
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN BAUKO I, DIVISION OF MOUNTAIN
PROVINCE. In this connection, she earnestly requests your cooperation in
answering the herein attached questionnaire. Rest assured that all data gathered
through the questionnaire will be treated with strict confidentiality.
Evangeline M. Napaldet
Researcher
29
APPENDIX B
SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
3
2
1
HI
MI
NI
Community Stakeholders
3
(VMI
)
2
(MI
)
1
(NI
)
1.
2.
3.
4.
DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
3
2
1
Great Extent
Moderate Extent
Least Extent
GE
ME
LE
30
Kinds of Assistance
3
(GE)
2
(ME)
1
(LE)
1. Resource speakers
2. Financial assistance
3. Health services
4. Livelihood projects
5. Infrastructure
6. School physical facilities
7. Textbook and reference books
8. School supplies
9. Literacy projects
10. Skills training
C. Concerns of public elementary schools
Instruction: Rate your perceived extent to which the community stakeholders
monitor the concerns by checking the appropriate column.
NUMERICAL VALUE
DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
3
2
1
Great Extent
Moderate Extent
Least Extent
GE
ME
LE
Concerns
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Teacher performance
Teacher improvement
Instructional leadership
Adequacy of instructional materials
Facilities and equipment improvement
Academic performance
Non-academic performance
3
(GE)
2
(ME)
1
(LE)
31
DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
3
2
1
Very Serious
Moderate Serious
Least Serious
VS
MS
LS
Problems
1. Socio-economic status of stakeholders
(i.e parents, alumni, etc)
2. Educational qualification of stakeholders
3. Lack of time on the part of the stakeholders
4. Stakeholders perception of their roles (communication)
5. Level of confidence of stakeholders
6. Refusal of some administrators and teachers for the use of
school facilities by the community (sharing of resources)
7. Stakeholders are not aware of the schools goals
(Information dissemination)
8. Stakeholders are not involved in planning activities
(coordination/collaboration)
3
(VS
)
2
(MS
)
1
(LS
)
32
DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
3
2
1
Very Effective
Moderate Effective
Least Effective
VE
ME
LE
Problems
1. Conducting livelihood skills-training for stakeholders to
improve their socio-economic status
2. Conducting literacy programs for stakeholders and
involving the highly educated as resource persons
3. Using flexible time for stakeholders to support activities
in the school
3
(VE
)
2
(ME
)
1
(LS
)
33
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA:
Name:
Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:
Parents:
Civil Status:
Husband:
Children:
34
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Graduate :
Tertiary:
Secondary:
Primary:
EXAMINATION PASSED:
Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) given by the Professional
Regulatory Board last August 26, 2006.
WORK EXPERIENCE:
Teacher I
October 26, 2010 to present
SEMINAR/CONFERENCE/WORKSHOP/SHORT COURSES
35